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Lavezzo E, Pacenti M, Manuto L, Boldrin C, Cattai M, Grazioli M, Bianca F, Sartori M, Caldart F, Castelli G, Nicoletti M, Nieddu E, Salvadoretti E, Labella B, Fava L, Vanuzzo MC, Lisi V, Antonello M, Grimaldi CI, Zulian C, Del Vecchio C, Plebani M, Padoan A, Cirillo DM, Brazzale AR, Tonon G, Toppo S, Dorigatti I, Crisanti A. Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history. Genome Med 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 35689243 PMCID: PMC9185135 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), questions the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against the virus. Here we investigated the long-term antibody persistence in previously infected subjects and the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against B.1, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants in unvaccinated subjects previously infected, vaccinated naïve and vaccinated previously infected subjects. METHODS Blood samples collected 15 months post-infection from unvaccinated (n=35) and vaccinated (n=41) previously infected subjects (Vo' cohort) were tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens using the Abbott, DiaSorin, and Roche immunoassays. The serum neutralising reactivity was assessed against B.1, B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron) SARS-CoV-2 strains through micro-neutralisation. The antibody titres were compared to those from previous timepoints, performed at 2- and 9-months post-infection on the same individuals. Two groups of naïve subjects were used as controls, one from the same cohort (unvaccinated n=29 and vaccinated n=20) and a group of vaccinated naïve healthcare workers (n=61). RESULTS We report on the results of the third serosurvey run in the Vo' cohort. With respect to the 9-month time point, antibodies against the S antigen significantly decreased (P=0.0063) among unvaccinated subjects and increased (P<0.0001) in vaccinated individuals, whereas those against the N antigen decreased in the whole cohort. When compared with control groups (naïve Vo' inhabitants and naïve healthcare workers), vaccinated subjects that were previously infected had higher antibody levels (P<0.0001) than vaccinated naïve subjects. Two doses of vaccine elicited stronger anti-S antibody response than natural infection (P<0.0001). Finally, the neutralising reactivity of sera against B.1.617.2 and BA.1 was 4-fold and 16-fold lower than the reactivity observed against the original B.1 strain. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that vaccination induces strong antibody response in most individuals, and even stronger in previously infected subjects. Neutralising reactivity elicited by natural infection followed by vaccination is increasingly weakened by the recent emergence of VOCs. While immunity is not completely compromised, a change in vaccine development may be required going forward, to generate cross-protective pan-coronavirus immunity in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Grazioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Bianca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federico Caldart
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona B. Roma University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gioele Castelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Nicoletti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nieddu
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Salvadoretti
- Paediatrics Unit, Mother and Child Hospital, Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant Department, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Labella
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ludovico Fava
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Antonello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Dorigatti I, Lavezzo E, Manuto L, Ciavarella C, Pacenti M, Boldrin C, Cattai M, Saluzzo F, Franchin E, Del Vecchio C, Caldart F, Castelli G, Nicoletti M, Nieddu E, Salvadoretti E, Labella B, Fava L, Guglielmo S, Fascina M, Grazioli M, Alvisi G, Vanuzzo MC, Zupo T, Calandrin R, Lisi V, Rossi L, Castagliuolo I, Merigliano S, Unwin HJT, Plebani M, Padoan A, Brazzale AR, Toppo S, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Crisanti A. SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics and transmission from community-wide serological testing in the Italian municipality of Vo'. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4383. [PMID: 34282139 PMCID: PMC8289856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In February and March 2020, two mass swab testing campaigns were conducted in Vo', Italy. In May 2020, we tested 86% of the Vo' population with three immuno-assays detecting antibodies against the spike and nucleocapsid antigens, a neutralisation assay and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Subjects testing positive to PCR in February/March or a serological assay in May were tested again in November. Here we report on the results of the analysis of the May and November surveys. We estimate a seroprevalence of 3.5% (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 2.8-4.3%) in May. In November, 98.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 93.7-100.0%) of sera which tested positive in May still reacted against at least one antigen; 18.6% (95% CI: 11.0-28.5%) showed an increase of antibody or neutralisation reactivity from May. Analysis of the serostatus of the members of 1,118 households indicates a 26.0% (95% CrI: 17.2-36.9%) Susceptible-Infectious Transmission Probability. Contact tracing had limited impact on epidemic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Constanze Ciavarella
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Saluzzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Franchin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federico Caldart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gioele Castelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nieddu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Labella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ludovico Fava
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Grazioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Merigliano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - H Juliette T Unwin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotech Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Neil M Ferguson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Life Science Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK.
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