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Gao F, Mallajosyula V, Arunachalam PS, van der Ploeg K, Manohar M, Röltgen K, Yang F, Wirz O, Hoh R, Haraguchi E, Lee JY, Willis R, Ramachandiran V, Li J, Kathuria KR, Li C, Lee AS, Shah MM, Sindher SB, Gonzalez J, Altman JD, Wang TT, Boyd SD, Pulendran B, Jagannathan P, Nadeau KC, Davis MM. Spheromers reveal robust T cell responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and attenuated peripheral CD8 + T cell responses post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunity 2023; 56:864-878.e4. [PMID: 36996809 PMCID: PMC10017386 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
T cells are a critical component of the response to SARS-CoV-2, but their kinetics after infection and vaccination are insufficiently understood. Using "spheromer" peptide-MHC multimer reagents, we analyzed healthy subjects receiving two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Vaccination resulted in robust spike-specific T cell responses for the dominant CD4+ (HLA-DRB1∗15:01/S191) and CD8+ (HLA-A∗02/S691) T cell epitopes. Antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were asynchronous, with the peak CD4+ T cell responses occurring 1 week post the second vaccination (boost), whereas CD8+ T cells peaked 2 weeks later. These peripheral T cell responses were elevated compared with COVID-19 patients. We also found that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in decreased CD8+ T cell activation and expansion, suggesting that previous infection can influence the T cell response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kattria van der Ploeg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Yeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Willis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jiefu Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karan Raj Kathuria
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra S Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mihir M Shah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani B Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John D Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taia T Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard, MA, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Röltgen K, Nielsen SCA, Silva O, Younes SF, Zaslavsky M, Costales C, Yang F, Wirz OF, Solis D, Hoh RA, Wang A, Arunachalam PS, Colburg D, Zhao S, Haraguchi E, Lee AS, Shah MM, Manohar M, Chang I, Gao F, Mallajosyula V, Li C, Liu J, Shoura MJ, Sindher SB, Parsons E, Dashdorj NJ, Dashdorj ND, Monroe R, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Chinthrajah RS, Charville GW, Wilbur JL, Wohlstadter JN, Davis MM, Pulendran B, Troxell ML, Sigal GB, Natkunam Y, Pinsky BA, Nadeau KC, Boyd SD. Immune imprinting, breadth of variant recognition, and germinal center response in human SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cell 2022; 185:1025-1040.e14. [PMID: 35148837 PMCID: PMC8786601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, novel and traditional vaccine strategies have been deployed globally. We investigated whether antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2), including third-dose boosting, differ from those generated by infection or adenoviral (ChAdOx1-S and Gam-COVID-Vac) or inactivated viral (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines. We analyzed human lymph nodes after infection or mRNA vaccination for correlates of serological differences. Antibody breadth against viral variants is lower after infection compared with all vaccines evaluated but improves over several months. Viral variant infection elicits variant-specific antibodies, but prior mRNA vaccination imprints serological responses toward Wuhan-Hu-1 rather than variant antigens. In contrast to disrupted germinal centers (GCs) in lymph nodes during infection, mRNA vaccination stimulates robust GCs containing vaccine mRNA and spike antigen up to 8 weeks postvaccination in some cases. SARS-CoV-2 antibody specificity, breadth, and maturation are affected by imprinting from exposure history and distinct histological and antigenic contexts in infection compared with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oscar Silva
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheren F Younes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxim Zaslavsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver F Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Solis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deana Colburg
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra S Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mihir M Shah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iris Chang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Liu
- Stanford Health Library, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Massa J Shoura
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani B Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ella Parsons
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Megan L Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Dashdorj NJ, Wirz OF, Röltgen K, Haraguchi E, Buzzanco AS, Sibai M, Wang H, Miller JA, Solis D, Sahoo MK, Arunachalam PS, Lee AS, Shah MM, Liu J, Byambabaatar S, Bat-Ulzii P, Enkhbat A, Batbold E, Zulkhuu D, Ochirsum B, Khurelsukh T, Dalantai G, Burged N, Baatarsuren U, Ariungerel N, Oidovsambuu O, Bungert AS, Genden Z, Yagaanbuyant D, Mordorj A, Pulendran B, Chinthrajah S, Nadeau KC, Jardetzky T, Wilbur JL, Wohlstadter JN, Sigal GB, Pinsky BA, Boyd SD, Dashdorj ND. Direct comparison of antibody responses to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Mongolia. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1738-1743.e4. [PMID: 34861167 PMCID: PMC8585611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are approved in various countries, but few direct comparisons of the antibody responses they stimulate have been reported. We collected plasma specimens in July 2021 from 196 Mongolian participants fully vaccinated with one of four COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, and Sinopharm. Functional antibody testing with a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 viral variant receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins revealed marked differences in vaccine responses, with low antibody levels and RBD-ACE2 blocking activity stimulated by the Sinopharm and Sputnik V vaccines in comparison to the AstraZeneca or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines. The Alpha variant caused 97% of infections in Mongolia in June and early July 2021. Individuals who recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination achieve high antibody titers in most cases. These data suggest that public health interventions such as vaccine boosting, potentially with more potent vaccine types, may be needed to control COVID-19 in Mongolia and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver F Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony S Buzzanco
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mamdouh Sibai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob A Miller
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Solis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra S Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mihir M Shah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Liu
- Stanford Health Library, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | | | - Enkhtuul Batbold
- Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 17013, Mongolia; Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | - Ganbold Dalantai
- National Center for Zoonotic Diseases, Ulaanbaatar 18131, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | - Odgerel Oidovsambuu
- Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 17013, Mongolia; Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | | | - Zulkhuu Genden
- Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 17013, Mongolia; Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | | | - Altankhuu Mordorj
- Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 17013, Mongolia; Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Yang F, Nielsen SCA, Hoh RA, Röltgen K, Wirz OF, Haraguchi E, Jean GH, Lee JY, Pham TD, Jackson KJL, Roskin KM, Liu Y, Nguyen K, Ohgami RS, Osborne EM, Nadeau KC, Niemann CU, Parsonnet J, Boyd SD. Shared B cell memory to coronaviruses and other pathogens varies in human age groups and tissues. Science 2021; 372:738-741. [PMID: 33846272 PMCID: PMC8139427 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether B cell repertoires against coronaviruses and other pathogens differ between adults and children and how important these distinctions are. Yang et al. analyzed blood samples from young children and adults, as well as tissues from deceased organ donors, characterizing the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires specific to six common pathogens and two viruses that they had not seen before: Ebola virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Children had higher frequencies of B cells with convergent BCR heavy chains against previously encountered pathogens and higher frequencies of class-switched convergent B cell clones against SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. These findings suggest that encounters with coronaviruses in early life may produce cross-reactive memory B cell populations that contribute to divergent COVID-19 susceptibilities. Science, this issue p. 738 Vaccination and infection promote the formation, tissue distribution, and clonal evolution of B cells, which encode humoral immune memory. We evaluated pediatric and adult blood and deceased adult organ donor tissues to determine convergent antigen-specific antibody genes of similar sequences shared between individuals. B cell memory varied for different pathogens. Polysaccharide antigenspecific clones were not exclusive to the spleen. Adults had higher clone frequencies and greater class switching in lymphoid tissues than blood, while pediatric blood had abundant class-switched convergent clones. Consistent with reported serology, prepandemic children had class-switched convergent clones to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with weak cross-reactivity to other coronaviruses, while adult blood or tissues showed few such clones. These results highlight the prominence of early childhood B cell clonal expansions and cross-reactivity for future responses to novel pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | - Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grace H Jean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ji-Yeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tho D Pham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Blood Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Krishna M Roskin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert S Ohgami
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eleanor M Osborne
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Tennessee Oncology, Smyrna, TN 37167, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claus U Niemann
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Röltgen K, Nielsen SCA, Arunachalam PS, Yang F, Hoh RA, Wirz OF, Lee AS, Gao F, Mallajosyula V, Li C, Haraguchi E, Shoura MJ, Wilbur JL, Wohlstadter JN, Davis MM, Pinsky BA, Sigal GB, Pulendran B, Nadeau KC, Boyd SD. mRNA vaccination compared to infection elicits an IgG-predominant response with greater SARS-CoV-2 specificity and similar decrease in variant spike recognition. medRxiv 2021:2021.04.05.21254952. [PMID: 33851181 PMCID: PMC8043478 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.05.21254952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, new vaccine strategies including lipid nanoparticle delivery of antigen encoding RNA have been deployed globally. The BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shows 95% efficacy in preventing disease, but it is unclear how the antibody responses to vaccination differ from those generated by infection. Here we compare the magnitude and breadth of antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and endemic coronaviruses, in vaccinees and infected patients. We find that vaccination differs from infection in the dominance of IgG over IgM and IgA responses, with IgG reaching levels similar to those of severely ill COVID-19 patients and shows decreased breadth of the antibody response targeting endemic coronaviruses. Viral variants of concern from B.1.1.7 to P.1 to B.1.351 form a remarkably consistent hierarchy of progressively decreasing antibody recognition by both vaccinees and infected patients exposed to Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sandra C. A. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu S. Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona A. Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver F. Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra S. Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Massa J. Shoura
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Hoh RA, Joshi SA, Lee JY, Martin BA, Varma S, Kwok S, Nielsen SCA, Nejad P, Haraguchi E, Dixit PS, Shutthanandan SV, Roskin KM, Zhang W, Tupa D, Bunning BJ, Manohar M, Tibshirani R, Fernandez-Becker NQ, Kambham N, West RB, Hamilton RG, Tsai M, Galli SJ, Chinthrajah RS, Nadeau KC, Boyd SD. Origins and clonal convergence of gastrointestinal IgE + B cells in human peanut allergy. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/45/eaay4209. [PMID: 32139586 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells in human food allergy have been studied predominantly in the blood. Little is known about IgE+ B cells or plasma cells in tissues exposed to dietary antigens. We characterized IgE+ clones in blood, stomach, duodenum, and esophagus of 19 peanut-allergic patients, using high-throughput DNA sequencing. IgE+ cells in allergic patients are enriched in stomach and duodenum, and have a plasma cell phenotype. Clonally related IgE+ and non-IgE-expressing cell frequencies in tissues suggest local isotype switching, including transitions between IgA and IgE isotypes. Highly similar antibody sequences specific for peanut allergen Ara h 2 are shared between patients, indicating that common immunoglobulin genetic rearrangements may contribute to pathogenesis. These data define the gastrointestinal tract as a reservoir of IgE+ B lineage cells in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shilpa A Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ji-Yeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sushama Varma
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shirley Kwok
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sandra C A Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Parastu Nejad
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily Haraguchi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priya S Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Swetha V Shutthanandan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krishna M Roskin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dana Tupa
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan J Bunning
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nielsen Q Fernandez-Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neeraja Kambham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca S Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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