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Austin E, Makwana S, Trabelsi A, Largeron C, Zaïane OR. Uncovering Flat and Hierarchical Topics by Community Discovery on Word Co-occurrence Network. Data Sci Eng 2024; 9:41-61. [PMID: 38558962 PMCID: PMC10980674 DOI: 10.1007/s41019-023-00239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Topic modeling aims to discover latent themes in collections of text documents. It has various applications across fields such as sociology, opinion analysis, and media studies. In such areas, it is essential to have easily interpretable, diverse, and coherent topics. An efficient topic modeling technique should accurately identify flat and hierarchical topics, especially useful in disciplines where topics can be logically arranged into a tree format. In this paper, we propose Community Topic, a novel algorithm that exploits word co-occurrence networks to mine communities and produces topics. We also evaluate the proposed approach using several metrics and compare it with usual baselines, confirming its good performances. Community Topic enables quick identification of flat topics and topic hierarchy, facilitating the on-demand exploration of sub- and super-topics. It also obtains good results on datasets in different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Austin
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1 Canada
| | - Shraddha Makwana
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1 Canada
| | | | | | - Osmar R. Zaïane
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1 Canada
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Avitabile CM, Krishnan US, Yung D, Handler SS, Varghese N, Bates A, Fineman J, Sullivan R, Friere G, Austin E, Mullen MP, Pereira C, Christensen EJ, Yenokyan G, Collaco JM, Abman SH, Romer L, Dunbar Ivy D, Rosenzweig EB. Actigraphy methodology in the Kids Mod PAH trial: Physical activity as a functional endpoint in pediatric clinical trials. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12339. [PMID: 38464344 PMCID: PMC10923039 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vasodilator treatment can improve hemodynamics, right ventricular function, symptoms, and survival in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, clinical trial data are lacking due to many constraints. One major limitation is the lack of relevant trial endpoints reflective of hemodynamics or functional status in patients in whom standard exercise testing is impractical, unreliable, or not reproducible. The Kids Mod PAH trial (Mono- vs. Duo Therapy for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) is an ongoing multicenter, Phase III, randomized, open-label, pragmatic trial to compare the safety and efficacy of first-line combination therapy (sildenafil and bosentan) to first-line monotherapy (sildenafil alone) in 100 pediatric patients with PH across North America. Investigators will measure participants' physical activity with a research-grade, wrist-worn actigraphy device at multiple time points as an exploratory secondary outcome. Vector magnitude counts per minute and activity intensity will be compared between the treatment arms. By directly and noninvasively measuring physical activity in the ambulatory setting, we aim to identify a novel, simple, inexpensive, and highly reproducible approach for quantitative assessment of exercise tolerance in pediatric PH. These data will increase the field's understanding of the effect of pulmonary vasodilator treatment on daily activity - a quantitative measure of functional status and wellbeing in pediatric PH and a potential primary outcome for future clinical trials in children with cardiopulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Avitabile
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Usha S. Krishnan
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY Presbyterian, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Delphine Yung
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Nidhy Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Angela Bates
- Division of Cardiology, Department of PediatricsStollery Children's Hospital and University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Jeff Fineman
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's HospitalVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Grace Friere
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins All Children's HospitalSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's HospitalVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Mary P. Mullen
- Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carol Pereira
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Eric J. Christensen
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Joseph M. Collaco
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lew Romer
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Erika B. Rosenzweig
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY Presbyterian, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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3
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Avitabile CM, Yung D, Handler S, Hopper RK, Fineman J, Freire G, Varghese N, Mullen MP, Krishnan US, Austin E, Silveira L, Ivy DD. Measurement of Physical Activity by Actigraphy in Infants and Young Children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Pediatr 2023; 262:113639. [PMID: 37517653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility, tolerability, and adherence with wearable actigraphy devices among infants and children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). STUDY DESIGN This multicenter, prospective, observational study included children ages 0-6 years with and without PAH. Participants wore the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on the hip and FitBit Inspire on the wrist during waking hours for 14 days. Steps, vector magnitude counts per minute, activity intensity, heart rate, and heart rate variability were compared between groups. RESULTS Forty-seven participants (18 PAH, 29 control) were enrolled from 10 North American sites. PAH patients were mostly functional class II (n = 16, 89%) and treated with oral medications at the time of enrollment. The number of wear days was not significantly different between the groups (ActiGraph: 10 [95% CI: 5.5, 12.2] in PAH vs 8 [4, 12] in control, P = .20; FitBit 13 [10, 13.8] in PAH vs 12 [8, 14] in control, P = .87). Complete data were obtained in 81% of eligible ActiGraph participants and 72% of FitBit participants. PAH participants demonstrated fewer steps, lower vector magnitude counts per minute, more sedentary activity, and less intense physical activity at all levels compared with control participants. No statistically significant differences in heart rate variability were demonstrated between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of physical activity and other end points using wearable actigraphy devices was feasible in young children with PAH. Larger studies should determine associations between physical activity and disease severity in young patients with PAH to identify relevant end points for pediatric clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Avitabile
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Delphine Yung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephanie Handler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Rachel K Hopper
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jeff Fineman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Grace Freire
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Nidhy Varghese
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mary P Mullen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Usha S Krishnan
- Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lori Silveira
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - D Dunbar Ivy
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Benoit M, Austin E, Simcox N, Rabinowitz P, Yost M. Predictors of Dairy Worker Pre-Test and Post-Test Performance on a Dairy Safety Knowledge Test: Impact of Education Level and Native Language. J Agromedicine 2022; 28:456-469. [PMID: 36300904 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2022.2140732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy-driven assessments of linguistically appropriate occupational health and safety training (OHS) for dairy workers remain uncommon. This study analyzes predictors of performance on a dairy safety knowledge test using pre-and-post knowledge assessments. The safety training course was delivered by iPad™ to Idahoan dairy workers, managers, and owners. OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of safety knowledge scores among dairy worker course participants. METHODS Predictors of pre-test (baseline) scores and change in test scores of n = 1,336 participants were compared, and multivariate iterative linear regressions were used to predict test performance, adjusting for variables such as occupation, years of formal education, native language, and years in dairy work. RESULTS Test scores for Spanish and English speakers improved between pre-test and post-test. Years of formal education was the most predictive variable of higher baseline scores and change in test scores among dairy safety course participants, regardless of language. CONCLUSION Dairy worker safety training course results showed improvements in safety knowledge and test scores. Years of formal education of participants appears to be a key determinant of increases in safety knowledge, and therefore safety training programs need to address the learning needs of less educated workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benoit
- University of Washington - Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - E Austin
- University of Washington - Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - N Simcox
- University of Washington - Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - P Rabinowitz
- University of Washington - Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - M Yost
- University of Washington - Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Alsoufi B, Kozik D, Sparks J, Wilkens S, Austin E, Trivedi J. Increasing Donor-Recipient Weight Mismatch is Associated with Shorter Waitlist Duration and No Increased Morbidity or Mortality. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Austin E, Blakely B, Salmon P, Braithwaite J, Clay-Williams R. The scope for adaptive capacity in emergency departments: modelling performance constraints using control task analysis and social organisational cooperation analysis. Ergonomics 2022; 65:467-484. [PMID: 34649471 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1992004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patient flow between the emergency department (ED) and hospital wards becomes problematic when bed availability is limited. To better understand the constraints that shape patient flow and everyday work in the ED, we applied Control Task Analysis (i.e. Contextual Activities Template, CAT) and Social Organisational Cooperation Analysis (SOCA) phases from the Cognitive Work Analysis framework to identify ways in which to optimise patient flow. The model and analysis were created through observations in the ED of clinicians (e.g. nurses, doctors), and professional staff (e.g. ward personnel, clerks). The CAT and SOCA-CAT models illustrate workspaces, patient journey phases, and patient volume within the department that are heavily loaded with tasks and human and non-human agents performing these tasks, while others are underutilised. The findings suggest that an ED's adaptive capacity could be strengthened through the integration of additional human and non-human agents allowing the redistribution of clinical and non-clinical tasks. Practitioner Summary: Workflow in EDs is constrained by uneven geographical distribution of activities, insufficient adaptive support during critical patient journey phases and periods of high patient volume. Adaptive capacity could be strengthened by additional human and non-human agents in combination with a redistribution of tasks, supporting seamless successful structural and behavioural adaptation in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Austin
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Blakely
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Salmon
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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Boadi‐Kusi SB, Austin E, Abu SL, Holdbrook S, Morny EKA. Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12279. [PMID: 34529317 PMCID: PMC8444958 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glare caused by the headlights of on-coming vehicles risk safe driving at night. The study aimed to determine the relationship between glare exposure and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved commercial drivers with complaints of nighttime driving difficulties (N = 80; mean age = 41.5 ± 11.1 years). A questionnaire was used to investigate nighttime driving performance following glare exposure. We measured contrast sensitivity and visual acuity under photopic conditions. With an experimental setup in a mesopic setting, we measured visual acuity with and without glare exposure. The difference between the two mesopic visual acuities was quantified as disability glare index. With the same setup, photostress recovery time was also measured. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between nighttime driving performance score and the measures taken in both photopic and mesopic settings. RESULTS The average nighttime driving performance score was 47.8 ± 17.5. Driving performance was negatively correlated with all variables (R = -0.87 to -0.30, all p < .01), except contrast sensitivity (R = 0.74, p < .01). A multiple linear regression showed that the model with all variables explained 83.8% of the variance, but only disability glare index was a significant predictor of nighttime driving performance following glare exposure (standardized B = -0.61, p < .01). CONCLUSION Our results show that the change in mesopic visual acuities following glare can predict nighttime driving performance. This measure can be incorporated into the assessment of driving fitness by licensing departments to evaluate whether a person can drive safely at night amidst glare exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bert Boadi‐Kusi
- Department of Optometry and Vision ScienceSchool of Allied Health SciencesCollege of Health and Allied SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | | | - Sampson Listowell Abu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Selina Holdbrook
- Department of Optometry and Vision ScienceSchool of Allied Health SciencesCollege of Health and Allied SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Enyam Komla Amewuho Morny
- Department of Optometry and Vision ScienceSchool of Allied Health SciencesCollege of Health and Allied SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
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Scarfe L, Taylor A, Sharkey J, Harwood R, Barrow M, Comenge J, Beeken L, Astley C, Santeramo I, Hutchinson C, Ressel L, Smythe J, Austin E, Levy R, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ, Poptani H, Park BK, Murray P, Wilm B. Non-invasive imaging reveals conditions that impact distribution and persistence of cells after in vivo administration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 30486897 PMCID: PMC6264053 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based regenerative medicine therapies are now frequently tested in clinical trials. In many conditions, cell therapies are administered systemically, but there is little understanding of their fate, and adverse events are often under-reported. Currently, it is only possible to assess safety and fate of cell therapies in preclinical studies, specifically by monitoring animals longitudinally using multi-modal imaging approaches. Here, using a suite of in vivo imaging modalities to explore the fate of a range of human and murine cells, we investigate how route of administration, cell type and host immune status affect the fate of administered cells. Methods We applied a unique imaging platform combining bioluminescence, optoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging modalities to assess the safety of different human and murine cell types by following their biodistribution and persistence in mice following administration into the venous or arterial system. Results Longitudinal imaging analyses (i) suggested that the intra-arterial route may be more hazardous than intravenous administration for certain cell types, (ii) revealed that the potential of a mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) line to form tumours depended on administration route and mouse strain and (iii) indicated that clinically tested human umbilical cord (hUC)-derived MSCs can transiently and unexpectedly proliferate when administered intravenously to mice. Conclusions In order to perform an adequate safety assessment of potential cell-based therapies, a thorough understanding of cell biodistribution and fate post administration is required. The non-invasive imaging platform used here can expose not only the general organ distribution of these therapies, but also a detailed view of their presence within different organs and, importantly, tumourigenic potential. Our observation that the hUC-MSCs but not the human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs persisted for a period in some animals suggests that therapies with these cells should proceed with caution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1076-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Harwood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joan Comenge
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lydia Beeken
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cai Astley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ilaria Santeramo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Raphael Levy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian K Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Farber H, Badlam J, Frost A, Benza R, Austin E, Badesch D, Chung W, Poms A, Feldkircher K, Yu C, Pauciulo M, Nichols W, Elliott C. The United States Pulmonary Hypertension Scientific Registry (USPHSR): Objectives and Preliminary Data. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Chew J, Weiner J, Saurers D, Austin E, Christensen J. DECREASED PULMONARY PULSE TRANSIT IS ASSOCIATED WITH PEDIATRIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Benza R, Frost A, Elliott G, Austin E, Badesch D, Farber H, Chung W, Poms A, Feldkircher K, Yu C, Badlam J, Pauciulo M, Nichols W. INITIAL DATA FROM THE US PULMONARY HYPERTENSION REGISTRY: GENETICS AND DEMOGRAPHICS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Lan Y, Zhang D, Xu C, Marelli B, Qi J, Qi H, Qin G, Xu X, Wang H, Sircar A, Brunkhorst B, Austin E, Radvanyi L, Lo KM. Abstract 2615: Preclinical evaluation and mechanistic characterization of M7824 (MSB0011359C), a novel bifunctional fusion protein targeting the PD-L1 and TGFβ pathways. Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mason SL, Stewart RMK, Sheridan CM, Keshtkar F, Rooney P, Austin E, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Kruse FE, Kaye SB. Yield and Viability of Human Limbal Stem Cells From Fresh and Stored Tissue. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3708-13. [PMID: 27415788 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared cell number, putative stem cell markers, and clonogenic ability in fresh uncultured human limbal epithelial cells to that obtained from stored organ-cultured tissue. METHODS Cell suspensions were formed from fresh and organ culture-stored human limbal epithelium. Expression of putative stem cell markers ΔNp63 and TrkA was performed using immunofluorescent staining before culture. Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assays were performed at first passage. The effects of tissue storage, age, and postmortem/culture times were analyzed in a general linear model. RESULTS Limbal tissue from 94 donors (34 fresh and 60 stored) was compared. Three times more cells were obtained per eye from fresh (35.34 × 104; SD, 17.39) than stored (11.24 × 104; SD, 11.57; P < 0.01) tissue. A higher proportion of cells from fresh tissue were viable (91.9%; SD, 5.7 vs. 85%; SD, 10.8) P < 0.01. Higher total cell expression of ΔNp63 (20.19 × 104; SD, 15.5 vs. 3.28 104; SD, 4.33) and TrkA (59.24 × 104; SD, 13.21 vs. 7.65 × 104; SD, 1.05) was observed in fresh than stored tissue (P < 0.01). Colony-forming efficiency was higher for fresh (1.42; SD, 0.12) than stored (0.43; SD, 0.15; P < 0.01) cells. For stored tissue only, there was a significant inverse relationship between donor age and total number of cells isolated (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Storage of corneoscleral discs in organ culture medium leads to significant reduction in limbal epithelial cell number, expression of ΔNp63 and TrkA, and viability compared to fresh tissue. There is a smaller basal stem cell population in stored compared to fresh tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Mason
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M K Stewart
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 2St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carl M Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fatemeh Keshtkar
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rooney
- Tissue Services, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Speke, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Austin
- Tissue Services, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Speke, United Kingdom
| | | | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen B Kaye
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 2St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ahmad Z, Austin E, Bajalan M. Three-dimensional printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Whitehouse MR, Howells NR, Parry MC, Austin E, Kafienah W, Brady K, Goodship AE, Eldridge JD, Blom AW, Hollander AP. Repair of Torn Avascular Meniscal Cartilage Using Undifferentiated Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From In Vitro Optimization to a First-in-Human Study. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1237-1248. [PMID: 28186682 PMCID: PMC5442845 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscal cartilage tears are common and predispose to osteoarthritis (OA). Most occur in the avascular portion of the meniscus where current repair techniques usually fail. We described previously the use of undifferentiated autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto a collagen scaffold (MSC/collagen‐scaffold) to integrate meniscal tissues in vitro. Our objective was to translate this method into a cell therapy for patients with torn meniscus, with the long‐term goal of delaying or preventing the onset of OA. After in vitro optimization, we tested an ovine‐MSC/collagen‐scaffold in a sheep meniscal cartilage tear model with promising results after 13 weeks, although repair was not sustained over 6 months. We then conducted a single center, prospective, open‐label first‐in‐human safety study of patients with an avascular meniscal tear. Autologous MSCs were isolated from an iliac crest bone marrow biopsy, expanded and seeded into the collagen scaffold. The resulting human‐MSC/collagen‐scaffold implant was placed into the meniscal tear prior to repair with vertical mattress sutures and the patients were followed for 2 years. Five patients were treated and there was significant clinical improvement on repeated measures analysis. Three were asymptomatic at 24 months with no magnetic resonance imaging evidence of recurrent tear and clinical improvement in knee function scores. Two required subsequent meniscectomy due to retear or nonhealing of the meniscal tear at approximately 15 months after implantation. No other adverse events occurred. We conclude that undifferentiated MSCs could provide a safe way to augment avascular meniscal repair in some patients. Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register, 2010‐024162‐22. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1237–1248
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Whitehouse
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Howells
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Parry
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Austin
- CMT Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Speke, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Kafienah
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kyla Brady
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Allen E Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Eldridge
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Orthopaedics, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Hollander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Azellon Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Austin E, Vahle N. Relationships of the Managing Emotions in Others Scale (MEOS) with HEXACO personality and with trait EI factors and facets. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Yan L, Chen X, Talati M, Nunley BW, Gladson S, Blackwell T, Cogan J, Austin E, Wheeler F, Loyd J, West J, Hamid R. Bone Marrow-derived Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:898-909. [PMID: 26651104 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease of the pulmonary microvasculature. Studies suggest that bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating cells may play an important role in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We used a genetic model of PAH, the Bmpr2 mutant mouse, to study the role of BM-derived circulating cells in its pathogenesis. METHODS Recipient mice, either Bmpr2(R899X) mutant or controls, were lethally irradiated and transplanted with either control or Bmpr2(R899X) BM cells. Donor cells were traced in female recipient mice by Y chromosome painting. Molecular and function insights were provided by expression and cytokine arrays combined with flow cytometry, colony-forming assays, and competitive transplant assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that mutant BM cells caused PAH with remodeling and inflammation when transplanted into control mice, whereas control BM cells had a protective effect against the development of disease, when transplanted into mutant mice. Donor BM-derived cells were present in the lungs of recipient mice. Functional and molecular analysis identified mutant BM cell dysfunction suggestive of a PAH phenotype soon after activation of the transgene and long before the development of lung pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that BM cells played a key role in PAH pathogenesis and that the transplanted BM cells were able to drive the lung phenotype in a myeloablative transplant model. Furthermore, the specific cell types involved were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and exhibit dysfunction long before the development of lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Xinping Chen
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Megha Talati
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Santhi Gladson
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Tom Blackwell
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Joy Cogan
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Eric Austin
- 3 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Ferrin Wheeler
- 4 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James Loyd
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - James West
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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18
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Ye Z, Bailey K, Austin E. Family History of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Is Associated With the Presence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Muzny C, Burkholder G, Austin E, Schwebke J. 8: Missed opportunities for trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis and treatment at an urban HIV clinic. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Probst FJ, James RA, Burrage LC, Rosenfeld JA, Bohan TP, Ward Melver CH, Magoulas P, Austin E, Franklin AIA, Azamian M, Xia F, Patel A, Bi W, Bacino C, Belmont JW, Ware SM, Shaw C, Cheung SW, Lalani SR. De novo deletions and duplications of 17q25.3 cause susceptibility to cardiovascular malformations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:75. [PMID: 26070612 PMCID: PMC4472615 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic disorders resulting from deletion or duplication of genomic segments are known to be an important cause of cardiovascular malformations (CVMs). In our previous study, we identified a unique individual with a de novo 17q25.3 deletion from a study of 714 individuals with CVM. Methods To understand the contribution of this locus to cardiac malformations, we reviewed the data on 60,000 samples submitted for array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies to Medical Genetics Laboratories at Baylor College of Medicine, and ascertained seven individuals with segmental aneusomy of 17q25. We validated our findings by studying another individual with a de novo submicroscopic deletion of this region from Cytogenetics Laboratory at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Using bioinformatic analyses including protein-protein interaction network, human tissue expression patterns, haploinsufficiency scores, and other annotation systems, including a training set of 251 genes known to be linked to human cardiac disease, we constructed a pathogenicity score for cardiac phenotype for each of the 57 genes within the terminal 2.0 Mb of 17q25.3. Results We found relatively high penetrance of cardiovascular defects (~60 %) with five deletions and three duplications, observed in eight unrelated individuals. Distinct cardiac phenotypes were present in four of these subjects with non-recurrent de novo deletions (range 0.08 Mb–1.4 Mb) in the subtelomeric region of 17q25.3. These included coarctation of the aorta (CoA), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD). Amongst the three individuals with variable size duplications of this region, one had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at 8 months of age. Conclusion The distinct cardiac lesions observed in the affected patients and the bioinformatics analyses suggest that multiple genes may be plausible drivers of the cardiac phenotype within this gene-rich critical interval of 17q25.3. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0291-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Probst
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A James
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T P Bohan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C H Ward Melver
- Genetic Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center Of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - P Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Austin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A I A Franklin
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Ware
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S W Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Marriott S, Baskir RS, Gaskill C, Menon S, Carrier EJ, Williams J, Talati M, Helm K, Alford CE, Kropski JA, Loyd J, Wheeler L, Johnson J, Austin E, Nozik-Grayck E, Meyrick B, West JD, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. ABCG2pos lung mesenchymal stem cells are a novel pericyte subpopulation that contributes to fibrotic remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C684-98. [PMID: 25122876 PMCID: PMC4200000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genesis of myofibroblasts is obligatory for the development of pathology in many adult lung diseases. Adult lung tissue contains a population of perivascular ABCG2(pos) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that are precursors of myofibroblasts and distinct from NG2 pericytes. We hypothesized that these MSC participate in deleterious remodeling associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and associated hypertension (PH). To test this hypothesis, resident lung MSC were quantified in lung samples from control subjects and PF patients. ABCG2(pos) cell numbers were decreased in human PF and interstitial lung disease compared with control samples. Genetic labeling of lung MSC in mice enabled determination of terminal lineage and localization of ABCG2 cells following intratracheal administration of bleomycin to elicit fibrotic lung injury. Fourteen days following bleomycin injury enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled lung MSC-derived cells were increased in number and localized to interstitial areas of fibrotic and microvessel remodeling. Finally, gene expression analysis was evaluated to define the response of MSC to bleomycin injury in vivo using ABCG2(pos) MSC isolated during the inflammatory phase postinjury and in vitro bleomycin or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cells. MSC responded to bleomycin treatment in vivo with a profibrotic gene program that was not recapitulated in vitro with bleomycin treatment. However, TGF-β1 treatment induced the appearance of a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in vitro. Additionally, when exposed to the profibrotic stimulus, TGF-β1, ABCG2, and NG2 pericytes demonstrated distinct responses. Our data highlight ABCG2(pos) lung MSC as a novel cell population that contributes to detrimental myofibroblast-mediated remodeling during PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennea Marriott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Rubin S Baskir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Christa Gaskill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Janice Williams
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Electron Microscopy-Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Karen Helm
- Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E Alford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Joyce Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Barbara Meyrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse;
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22
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Glemser O, Marsmann H, Austin E. Notizen: Zur Existenz von Thorium(IV)-oxidhydroxid. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1966-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Glemser
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Göttingen
| | - H. Marsmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Göttingen
| | - E. Austin
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Göttingen
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23
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West J, Austin E, Fessel JP, Loyd J, Hamid R. Rescuing the BMPR2 signaling axis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1241-5. [PMID: 24794464 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disorder characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling, increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), vasoconstriction and inflammation. The heritable form of PAH (HPAH) is usually (>80%) caused by mutations in the bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene. Existing treatments for PAH typically focus on the end-stage sequelae of the disease, but do not address underlying mechanisms of vascular obstruction and blood flow and thus, in the long run, have limited effect because they treat the symptoms rather than the cause. Over the past decade, improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the disease has enabled us to consider several novel therapeutic pathways. These include approaches directed toward BMPR2 gene expression, alternative splicing, downstream BMP signaling, metabolic pathways and the role of estrogens and estrogenic compounds in BMP signaling. It is likely that, ultimately, only one or two of these pathways will generate meaningful treatment options, however the potential benefits to PAH patients are still likely to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- James West
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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24
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Marsboom G, Theriault K, Debroy A, Mao M, Baig S, Tiruppathi C, Bonini M, Rehman J, Austin E, Malik A. Newly identified caveolin‐1 mutation associated with heritable human pulmonary arterial hypertension mediates hyperproliferation via augmented calcium signaling (1089.10). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1089.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Marsboom
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Kraig Theriault
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Auditi Debroy
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Mao Mao
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Saqib Baig
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | | | - Marcelo Bonini
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Eric Austin
- Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUnited States
| | - Asrar Malik
- Pharmacology University of Illinois at CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
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25
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Rostambeigi N, Dekarske A, Austin E, Golzarian J, Cressman E. Simulation study on cost-effectiveness of radioembolization compared with trans-arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Guest RD, Kirillova N, Mowbray S, Gornall H, Rothwell DG, Cheadle EJ, Austin E, Smith K, Watt SM, Kühlcke K, Westwood N, Thistlethwaite F, Hawkins RE, Gilham DE. Definition and application of good manufacturing process-compliant production of CEA-specific chimeric antigen receptor expressing T-cells for phase I/II clinical trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:133-45. [PMID: 24190544 PMCID: PMC11029514 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy employing gene-modified T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promising preclinical activity in a range of model systems and is now being tested in the clinical setting. The manufacture of CAR T-cells requires compliance with national and European regulations for the production of medicinal products. We established such a compliant process to produce T-cells armed with a first-generation CAR specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). CAR T-cells were successfully generated for 14 patients with advanced CEA(+) malignancy. Of note, in the majority of patients, the defined procedure generated predominantly CD4(+) CAR T-cells with the general T-cell population bearing an effector-memory phenotype and high in vitro effector function. Thus, improving the process to generate less-differentiated T-cells would be more desirable in the future for effective adoptive gene-modified T-cell therapy. However, these results confirm that CAR T-cells can be generated in a manner compliant with regulations governing medicinal products in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Guest
- Cellular Therapeutics, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX UK
| | | | - Sam Mowbray
- Cellular Therapeutics, Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX UK
| | - Hannah Gornall
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Dominic G. Rothwell
- Clinical Immune and Molecular Monitoring Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Eric Austin
- Stem Cells and Immunotherapy, NHSBT Liverpool Centre, Speke, Liverpool, UK
| | - Keith Smith
- Stem Cells and Immunotherapy, NHSBT Liverpool Centre, Speke, Liverpool, UK
| | - Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus Kühlcke
- EUFETS GmbH, Vollmersbachstr. 66, 55743 Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Nigel Westwood
- Cancer Research UK Drug Development Office, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD UK
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert E. Hawkins
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - David E. Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
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27
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Fessel JP, Chen X, Frump A, Gladson S, Blackwell T, Kang C, Johnson J, Loyd JE, Hemnes A, Austin E, West J. Interaction between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 and estrogenic compounds in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:564-77. [PMID: 24618541 DOI: 10.1086/674312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The majority of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) cases are associated with mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). BMPR2 mutation carries about a 20% lifetime risk of PAH development, but penetrance is approximately three times higher in females. Previous studies have shown a correlation between estrogen metabolism and penetrance, with increased levels of the estrogen metabolite 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) and reduced levels of the metabolite 2-methoxyestrogen (2ME) associated with increased risk of disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether 16αOHE increased and 2ME decreased penetrance of disease in Bmpr2 mutant mice and, if so, by what mechanism. We found that 16αOHE∶2ME ratio was high in male human HPAH patients. Bmpr2 mutant male mice receiving chronic 16αOHE had doubled disease penetrance, associated with reduced cardiac output. 2ME did not have a significant protective effect, either alone or in combination with 16αOHE. In control mice but not in Bmpr2 mutant mice, 16αOHE suppressed bone morphogenetic protein signaling, probably directly through suppression of Bmpr2 protein. Bmpr2 mutant pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were insensitive to estrogen signaling through canonical pathways, associated with aberrant intracellular localization of estrogen receptor α. In both control and Bmpr2 mutant mice, 16αOHE was associated with suppression of cytokine expression but with increased alternate markers of injury, including alterations in genes related to thrombotic function, angiogenesis, planar polarity, and metabolism. These data support a causal relationship between increased 16αOHE and increased PAH penetrance, with the likely molecular mechanisms including suppression of BMPR2, alterations in estrogen receptor translocation, and induction of vascular injury and insulin resistance-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Chen LY, Chong JP, Chang IC, Austin E, Quay CN, Richards AM, Ling LH. Plasma mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide is associated with and improves prediction of lone atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wynn J, Krishnan U, Aspelund G, Zhang Y, Duong J, Stolar CJH, Hahn E, Pietsch J, Chung D, Moore D, Austin E, Mychaliska G, Gajarski R, Foong YL, Michelfelder E, Potolka D, Bucher B, Warner B, Grady M, Azarow K, Fletcher SE, Kutty S, Delaney J, Crombleholme T, Rosenzweig E, Chung W, Arkovitz MS. Outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the modern era of management. J Pediatr 2013; 163:114-9.e1. [PMID: 23375362 PMCID: PMC3692597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify clinical factors associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mortality in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort of neonates with a diaphragm defect identified at 1 of 7 collaborating medical centers was studied. Echocardiograms were performed at 1 month and 3 months of age and analyzed at a central core by 2 cardiologists independently. Degree of PH and survival were tested for association with clinical variables using Fischer exact test, χ(2), and regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred twenty patients met inclusion criteria. Worse PH measured at 1 month of life was associated with higher mortality. Other factors associated with mortality were need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, patients inborn at the treating center, and patients with a prenatal diagnosis of CDH. Interestingly, patients with right sided CDH did not have worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Severity of PH is associated with mortality in CDH. Other factors associated with mortality were birth weight, gestational age at birth, inborn status, and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Division of cardiology, Department of pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Gudrun Aspelund
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Jimmy Duong
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, NY
| | - Charles JH Stolar
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Eunice Hahn
- Division of cardiology, Department of pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - John Pietsch
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of surgery, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Dai Chung
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of surgery, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Donald Moore
- Division of cardiology, Department of pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Eric Austin
- Division of pulmonary medicine, Department of pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - George Mychaliska
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Robert Gajarski
- Division of cardiology, Department of pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Yen-Lim Foong
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Erik Michelfelder
- The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Douglas Potolka
- Division of pediatric surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian Bucher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brad Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mark Grady
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ken Azarow
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska College of Medicine/ Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Scott E Fletcher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine/Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine/Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jeff Delaney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine/Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Timothy Crombleholme
- Colorado Fetal Care Center, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Erika Rosenzweig
- Division of cardiology, Department of pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Wendy Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY
| | - Marc S Arkovitz
- Corresponding author: Marc S Arkovitz, MD, Department of pediatric surgery Tel Hashomer medical center, Tel Aviv, Israel phone: 972-54-474-6021
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Brittain E, Pugh M, Wheeler L, Robbins I, Loyd J, Newman J, Austin E, Hemnes A. PROSTANOIDS BUT NOT ORAL THERAPIES IMPROVE RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)62119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Benson L, Pugh M, Austin E, Fox K, Wheeler L, Brittain E, Robbins I, Hemnes A. Long-Term Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Survival in Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2012. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1390335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Tyson S, Austin E, Laughlin A, Green J, Minuzzo B. SAFETY AROUND THE HOME: AN INTERACTIVE, EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE TO CREATING A SAFE HOME ENVIRONMENT. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580d.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations are the most common cause of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, only 20% of mutation carriers get clinical disease. Here, we explored the hypothesis that this reduced penetrance is due in part to an alteration in BMPR2 alternative splicing. METHODS AND RESULTS Our data showed that BMPR2 has multiple alternative spliced variants. Two of these, isoform-A (full length) and isoform-B (missing exon 12), were expressed in all tissues analyzed. Analysis of cultured lymphocytes of 47 BMPR2 mutation-positive heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and 35 BMPR2 mutation-positive unaffected carriers showed that patients had higher levels of isoform-B compared with isoform-A (B/A ratio) than carriers (P=0.002). Furthermore, compared with cells with a low B/A ratio, cells with a high B/A ratio had lower levels of unphosphorylated cofilin after BMP stimulation. Analysis of exon 12 sequences identified an exonic splice enhancer that binds serine arginine splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). Because SRSF2 promotes exon inclusion, reduced SRSF2 expression would mean that exon 12 would not be included in final BMPR2 mRNA (thus promoting increased isoform-B formation). Western blot analysis showed that SRSF2 expression was lower in cells from patients compared with cells from carriers and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRSF2 in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells resulted in elevated levels of isoform-B compared with isoform-A, ie, an elevated B/A ratio. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in BMPR2 isoform ratios may provide an explanation of the reduced penetrance among BMPR2 mutation carriers. This ratio is controlled by an exonic splice enhancer in exon 12 and its associated splicing factor, SRSF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Cogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Mikhail I, Austin E, Buckman S, Lee C, Goodman N, White J. P03.14. Cancer complementary and alternative medicine research among NCI’s cancer centers program and the integrative medicine programs: an inventory. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373353 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Flynn C, Zheng S, Yan L, Hedges L, Womack B, Fessel J, Cogan J, Austin E, Loyd J, West J, Zhao Z, Hamid R. Connectivity map analysis of nonsense-mediated decay-positive BMPR2-related hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension provides insights into disease penetrance. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:20-7. [PMID: 22312021 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0251oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the reduced penetrance seen in the nonsense-mediated decay-positive (NMD+) BMPR2 mutation-associated hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) remain unknown. We reasoned that the cellular and genetic mechanisms behind this phenomenon could be uncovered by combining expression profiling with Connectivity Map (cMap) analysis. Cultured lymphocytes from 10 patients with HPAH and 10 matched familial control subjects, all with NMD+ BMPR2 mutations, were subjected to expression analysis. For each group, the expression data were combined before analysis. This generated a signature of 23 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated genes in patients with HPAH compared with control subjects (the "PAH penetrance signature"). Although gene set enrichment analysis of this signature was not uniquely informative, cMap analysis identified drugs with expression signatures similar to the PAH penetrance signature. Several of these drugs were predicted to influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed in the same cells initially subjected to the expression analysis using quantitative biochemical detection of ROS concentration. We conclude that expression of the PAH penetrance signature represents an increased risk of developing clinical HPAH and that ROS formation may play a role in pathogenesis of HPAH. These results provide the first molecular insights into NMD+ BMPR2 related HPAH penetrance and highlight the potential utility of cMap analyses in pulmonary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Flynn
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Yousif N, Ao L, Li J, Aly A, Austin E, Fullerton D, Meng X. Myocardial Tissue TLR4 Plays A Major Role In Mediating Myocardial Injury Following Cold Ischemia And Reperfusion Through Up-regulation Of MCP-1. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Lane KL, Talati M, Austin E, Hemnes AR, Johnson JA, Fessel JP, Blackwell T, Mernaugh RL, Robinson L, Fike C, Roberts LJ, West J. Oxidative injury is a common consequence of BMPR2 mutations. Pulm Circ 2011; 1:72-83. [PMID: 21904662 PMCID: PMC3167174 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.78107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is usually caused by mutations in BMPR2. Mutations are found throughout the gene, and common molecular consequences of different types of mutation are not known. Knowledge of common molecular consequences would provide insight into the molecular etiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the common molecular consequences across classes of BMPR2 mutation. Increased superoxide and peroxide production and alterations in genes associated with oxidative stress were a common consequence of stable transfection of the vascular smooth muscle cells, with three distinct classes of BMPR2 mutation, in the ligand binding domain, the kinase domain and the cytoplasmic tail domain. Measurement of oxidized lipids in whole lung from transgenic mice expressing a mutation in the BMPR2 cytoplasmic tail showed a 50% increase in isoprostanes and a two-fold increase in isofurans, suggesting increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mitochondrial origin. Immunohistochemistry on BMPR2 transgenic mouse lung showed that oxidative stress was vascular-specific. Electron microscopy showed decreased mitochondrial size and variability in the pulmonary vessels from BMPR2-mutant mice. Measurement of oxidized lipids in urine from humans with BMPR2 mutations demonstrated increased ROS, regardless of disease status. Immunohistochemistry on hereditary PAH patient lung confirmed oxidative stress specific to the vasculature. Increased oxidative stress, likely of mitochondrial origin, is a common consequence of BMPR2 mutation across mutation types in cell culture, mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk L Lane
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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38
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Koske AK, Austin E, Boehmer J, Lindemayer M, Stormer D, Juanes F. Trophic Cascades: Predators, Prey and the Changing Dynamics of Nature.. J. Terborgh and J. A. Estes, editors. Integr Comp Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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Hamid R, Hedges LK, Austin E, Phillips JA, Loyd JE, Cogan JD. Transcripts from a novel BMPR2 termination mutation escape nonsense mediated decay by downstream translation re-initiation: implications for treating pulmonary hypertension. Clin Genet 2010; 77:280-6. [PMID: 20095988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations are a major risk factor for heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), an autosomal dominant fatal disease. We have previously shown that BMPR2 transcripts that contain premature termination codon (PTC) mutations are rapidly and nearly completely degraded through nonsense mediated decay (NMD). Here we report a unique PTC mutation (W13X) that did not behave in the predicted manner. We found that patient-derived cultured lymphocytes (CLs) contained readily detectable levels of the PTC-containing transcript. Further analysis suggested that this transcript escaped NMD by translational re-initiation at a downstream Kozak sequence, resulting in the omission of 173 amino acids. Treatment of CLs containing the PTC with an aminoglycoside decreased the truncated protein levels, with a reciprocal increase in full-length BMPR2 protein and, importantly, BMPR-II signaling. This is the first demonstration of aminoglycoside-mediated 'repair' of a BMPR2 mutation at the protein level in patient-derived cells and has obvious implications for treatment of HPAH where no disease-specific treatment options are available. Our data also suggest the need for a more thorough characterization of mutations prior to labeling them as haploinsufficient or dominant negative based simply on sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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40
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Hamid R, Cogan JD, Hedges LK, Austin E, Phillips JA, Newman JH, Loyd JE. Penetrance of pulmonary arterial hypertension is modulated by the expression of normal BMPR2 allele. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:649-54. [PMID: 19206171 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH) is a progressive, fatal disease caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 gene (BMPR2). FPAH is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and shows incomplete penetrance in that many with BMPR2 mutations do not develop FPAH, suggesting a role for, as yet unidentified, modifier genes in disease penetrance. We hypothesized that variable levels of expression of the wild-type (WT) BMPR2 allele could act as a modifier and influence penetrance of FPAH. WT BMPR2 levels were determined by real-time PCR analysis in lymphoblastoid (LB) cell lines derived from normal controls and individuals with FPAH. The FPAH kindreds analyzed carried mutations that result in the activation of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, which leads to the degradation of the mutant RNA, thus ensuring that only the WT BMPR2 transcripts will be detected in the real-time assay. Our data show that WT and mutant BMPR2 levels can be reproducibly measured in patient-derived LB cell lines, and that unaffected mutation carrier-derived LB cell lines have higher levels of WT BMPR2 transcripts than FPAH patient-derived LB cell lines (p<or=0.005). Our findings suggest that the levels of expression of WT BMPR2 allele transcripts is important in the pathogenesis of FPAH caused by NMD(+) mutations. Furthermore, our study illustrates a novel application of lymphoblastoid cell lines in the study of PAH, especially important because the affected site, that is, the lung, is not available for unaffected mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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41
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Abstract
To date, more than 25,000 hematopoietic transplants have been carried out across Europe for hematological disorders, the majority being for hematological malignancies. At least 70% of these are autologous transplants, the remaining 30% being allogeneic, which are sourced from related (70% of the allogeneic) or unrelated donors. Peripheral blood mobilized with granulocyte colony stimulating factor is the major source of stem cells for transplantation, being used in approx 95% of autologous transplants and in approx 65% of allogeneic transplants. Other cell sources used for transplantation are bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. One crucial advance in the treatment of these disorders has been the development of the ability to cryopreserve hematopoietic stem cells for future transplantation. For bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, the majority of cryopreserved harvests come from autologous collections that are stored prior to a planned infusion following further treatment of the patient or at the time of a subsequent relapse. Other autologous harvests are stored as backup or "rainy day" harvests, the former specifically being intended to rescue patients who develop graft failure following an allogeneic transplant or who may require this transplant at a later date. Allogeneic bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood are less often cryopreserved than autologous harvests. This is in contrast to umbilical cord blood that may be banked for directed or sibling (related) hematopoietic stem cell transplants, for allogeneic unrelated donations, and for autologous donations. Allogeneic unrelated donations are of particular use for providing a source of hematopoietic stem cells for ethnic minorities, patients with rare human leukocyte antigen types, or where the patient urgently requires a transplant and cannot wait for the weeks to months required to prepare a bone marrow donor. There are currently more than 200,000 banked umbilical cord blood units registered with the Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide registry. In this chapter, we describe several protocols that we have used to cryopreserve these different sources of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, keeping in mind that the protocols may vary among transplant processing centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- National Blood Service-Oxford and Manchester, NHS Blood and Transplant Authority, UK
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Henson J, Krajewski K, Edmonds H, Sehic A, Austin E, Mitchell M. 31 CEREBRAL PERFUSION IN NEONATES UNDERGOING REPAIR OF COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IS DETERMINED BY CARBON DIOXIDE PREOPERATIVELY BUT BY BLOOD PRESSURE POSTOPERATIVELY. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Henson J, Krajewski K, Edmonds H, Sehic A, Austin E, Mitchell M. Cerebral Perfusion in Neonates Undergoing Repair of Complex Congenital Heart Defects is Determined by Carbon Dioxide Preoperatively but by Blood Pressure Postoperatively. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605402s110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Henson
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - H. Edmonds
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - A. Sehic
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - E. Austin
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Pantalos G, Ionan C, Colyer J, Koenig S, Mitchell M, Austin E, Speakman J, Lucci C, Johnson G, Gartner M. Initial in vitro and in vitro performance results for the pediatric cardiopulmonary assist system (pCAS). J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Austin E. Cellular Therapy: New Frontiers in Transfusion Medicine. Vox Sang 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2004.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Alonso RA, Austin E, Rossi RA. Photostimulated reaction of carbanions from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitriles with aryl halides by the SRN1 mechanism. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00261a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Dannaker CJ, Maibach HI, Austin E. Allergic contact dermatitis to proparacaine with subsequent cross-sensitization to tetracaine from ophthalmic preparations. Am J Contact Dermat 2001; 12:177-9. [PMID: 11526525 DOI: 10.1053/ajcd.2001.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report 2 cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to proparacaine and tetracaine. Patient 1 is an ophthalmologist with chronic finger pad dermatitis sensitized to the topical anesthetic proparacaine. Despite discontinuance of proparacaine and substitution with a patch test negative agent, tetracaine, his hand dermatitis persisted. Follow up patch testing documented that acquisition of contact allergy to tetracaine as well as thiuram had taken place. Patient 2 had a periocular eczematous dermatitis with ACD to both proparacaine and tetracaine. Cross sensitization between related topical ophthalmologic anesthetics has been suggested to be a rare occurrence. We suggest that allergic sensitization and possible cross-reaction to topical anesthetics in ophthalmologists and ophthalmologic technicians is an occupational hazard. Chronically eczematized skin might result in increased exposure to contact allergens and result in concomitant allergic sensitization. ACD to topical anesthetic agents among ophthalmologists should be recognized as a potential hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Dannaker
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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48
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Abstract
We report the use of a new biliary stent (IntraStent Double Strut LD) adapted for use in a 16-year-old young man with moderate-severe transverse arch hypoplasia/coarctation of the aorta following two surgical attempts at correction/relief of the coarctation. The stent implantation procedure resulted in complete relief of the coarctation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Recto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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49
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Recto MR, Elbl F, Austin E. Transcatheter closure of large persistent left superior vena cava causing cyanosis in two patients post-Fontan operation utilizing the Gianturco Grifka vascular occlusion device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 53:398-404. [PMID: 11458423 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful transcatheter closure of a large persistent left superior vena cava draining into the pulmonary venous circulation causing cyanosis in two patients who had previously undergone the Fontan operation utilizing the Gianturco Grifka vascular occlusion device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:398-404.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Recto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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50
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Ireland JJ, Mihm M, Austin E, Diskin MG, Roche JF. Historical perspective of turnover of dominant follicles during the bovine estrous cycle: key concepts, studies, advancements, and terms. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:1648-58. [PMID: 10908068 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review chronicles the key concepts, studies, advancements and terms that have led to our current understanding of turnover of dominant follicles (growth and atresia) during the bovine estrous cycle. The "two-wave" concept of follicular development was first proposed in 1960, but remained controversial for the next 28 yr. The concept of the "dominant" follicle was adapted to cattle in 1987. By 1988, ultrasound analysis of individual follicles had demonstrated that heifers usually had two or three distinct waves of turnover of dominant follicles during an estrous cycle. From 1992 to 1993, it was established that a transient rise in serum concentrations of FSH initiated each follicular wave, and a decreased episodic secretion of LH was associated with loss of dominance and the end of a nonovulatory follicular wave. In the past decade, numerous intrafollicular growth factors, such as inhibins, activins, and insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins, have been identified in follicular fluid of individual bovine follicles. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrate that these growth factors could have endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine actions that modify gonadotropin-stimulated follicular growth and differentiation. However, the precise role of intrafollicular growth factors in turnover of dominant follicles has not been defined. We concluded that two or three FSH-stimulated waves of follicular growth usually occur during the bovine estrous cycle, and each follicular wave culminates in development of a single nonovulatory or ovulatory dominant follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, USA.
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