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Tyagi RK, Gleeson PJ, Arnold L, Tahar R, Prieur E, Decosterd L, Pérignon JL, Olliaro P, Druilhe P. High-level artemisinin-resistance with quinine co-resistance emerges in P. falciparum malaria under in vivo artesunate pressure. BMC Med 2018; 16:181. [PMID: 30269689 PMCID: PMC6166299 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humanity has become largely dependent on artemisinin derivatives for both the treatment and control of malaria, with few alternatives available. A Plasmodium falciparum phenotype with delayed parasite clearance during artemisinin-based combination therapy has established in Southeast Asia, and is emerging elsewhere. Therefore, we must know how fast, and by how much, artemisinin-resistance can strengthen. METHODS P. falciparum was subjected to discontinuous in vivo artemisinin drug pressure by capitalizing on a novel model that allows for long-lasting, high-parasite loads. Intravenous artesunate was administered, using either single flash-doses or a 2-day regimen, to P. falciparum-infected humanized NOD/SCID IL-2Rγ-/-immunocompromised mice, with progressive dose increments as parasites recovered. The parasite's response to artemisinins and other available anti-malarial compounds was characterized in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Artemisinin resistance evolved very rapidly up to extreme, near-lethal doses of artesunate (240 mg/kg), an increase of > 3000-fold in the effective in vivo dose, far above resistance levels reported from the field. Artemisinin resistance selection was reproducible, occurring in 80% and 41% of mice treated with flash-dose and 2-day regimens, respectively, and the resistance phenotype was stable. Measuring in vitro sensitivity proved inappropriate as an early marker of resistance, as IC50 remained stable despite in vivo resistance up to 30 mg/kg (ART-S: 10.7 nM (95% CI 10.2-11.2) vs. ART-R30: 11.5 nM (6.6-16.9), F = 0.525, p = 0.47). However, when in vivo resistance strengthened further, IC50 increased 10-fold (ART-R240 100.3 nM (92.9-118.4), F = 304.8, p < 0.0001), reaching a level much higher than ever seen in clinical samples. Artemisinin resistance in this African P. falciparum strain was not associated with mutations in kelch-13, casting doubt over the universality of this genetic marker for resistance screening. Remarkably, despite exclusive exposure to artesunate, full resistance to quinine, the only other drug sufficiently fast-acting to deal with severe malaria, evolved independently in two parasite lines exposed to different artesunate regimens in vivo, and was confirmed in vitro. CONCLUSION P. falciparum has the potential to evolve extreme artemisinin resistance and more complex patterns of multidrug resistance than anticipated. If resistance in the field continues to advance along this trajectory, we will be left with a limited choice of suboptimal treatments for acute malaria, and no satisfactory option for severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Tyagi
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Present Address: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Patrick J Gleeson
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Present Address: Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Faculté de Médecine, Université Diderot-Site Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Arnold
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rachida Tahar
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MERIT 216, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prieur
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Decosterd
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Pérignon
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Present Address: Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Piero Olliaro
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierre Druilhe
- The Vac4All Initiative, 26 Rue Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France.
- Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Ghosn S, Chamat S, Prieur E, Stephan A, Druilhe P, Bouharoun-Tayoun H. Evaluating Human Immune Responses for Vaccine Development in a Novel Human Spleen Cell-Engrafted NOD-SCID-IL2rγNull Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:601. [PMID: 29628927 PMCID: PMC5876497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of preclinical models able to faithfully predict the immune responses which are later obtained in the clinic is a major hurdle for vaccines development as it increases markedly the delays and the costs required to perform clinical studies. We developed and evaluated the relevance to human immune responses of a novel humanized mouse model, humanized-spleen cells-NOD-SCID-gamma null (Hu-SPL-NSG), in which we grafted human spleen cells in immunodeficient NOD-SCID-IL-2rγnull (NSG) mice. We selected the malaria vaccine candidate, Liver Stage Antigen 3-Full Length, because we had previously observed a major discrepancy between preclinical and clinical results, and compared its immunogenicity with that of a shorter form of the molecule, LSA3-729. NSG mice engrafted with human spleen lymphocytes were immunized with either LSA3-FL or LSA3-729, both adjuvanted with montanide ISA720. We found that the shorter LSA3-729 triggered the production of human antibodies and a T-helper-type 1 cellular immune response associated with protection whereas LSA3-FL did not. Results were consistent in five groups receiving lymphocytes from five distinct human donors. We identified antigenic regions in the full-length molecule, but not in the shorter version, which induced T-regulatory type of cellular responses. These regions had failed to be predicted by previous preclinical experiments in a wide range of animal models, including primates. Results were reproducible using spleen cells from all five human donors. The findings in the Hu-SPL-NSG model were similar to the results obtained using LSA3-FL in the clinic and hence could have been used to predict them. The model does not present graft versus host reaction, low survival of engrafted B lymphocytes and difficulty to raise primary immune responses, all limitations previously reported in humanized immune-compromised mice. Results also point to the shorter construct, LSA3-729 as a more efficient vaccine candidate. In summary, our findings indicate that the Hu-SPL-NSG model could be a relevant and cost-saving choice for early selection of vaccine candidates before clinical development, and deserves being further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ghosn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector Born Diseases, Faculty of Public Health-Fanar, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Vac4All Initiative, Paris, France
| | - Soulaima Chamat
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector Born Diseases, Faculty of Public Health-Fanar, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Antoine Stephan
- National Organization for Organ and Tissues Donation and Transplantation (NOOTDT), Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hasnaa Bouharoun-Tayoun
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector Born Diseases, Faculty of Public Health-Fanar, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Boncy PJ, Adrien P, Lemoine JF, Existe A, Henry PJ, Raccurt C, Brasseur P, Fenelon N, Dame JB, Okech BA, Kaljee L, Baxa D, Prieur E, El Badry MA, Tagliamonte MS, Mulligan CJ, Carter TE, Beau de Rochars VM, Lutz C, Parke DM, Zervos MJ. Malaria elimination in Haiti by the year 2020: an achievable goal? Malar J 2015; 14:237. [PMID: 26043728 PMCID: PMC4464116 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola, are the last locations in the Caribbean where malaria still persists. Malaria is an important public health concern in Haiti with 17,094 reported cases in 2014. Further, on January 12, 2010, a record earthquake devastated densely populated areas in Haiti including many healthcare and laboratory facilities. Weakened infrastructure provided fertile reservoirs for uncontrolled transmission of infectious pathogens. This situation results in unique challenges for malaria epidemiology and elimination efforts. To help Haiti achieve its malaria elimination goals by year 2020, the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique and Henry Ford Health System, in close collaboration with the Direction d’Épidémiologie, de Laboratoire et de Recherches and the Programme National de Contrôle de la Malaria, hosted a scientific meeting on “Elimination Strategies for Malaria in Haiti” on January 29-30, 2015 at the National Laboratory in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The meeting brought together laboratory personnel, researchers, clinicians, academics, public health professionals, and other stakeholders to discuss main stakes and perspectives on malaria elimination. Several themes and recommendations emerged during discussions at this meeting. First, more information and research on malaria transmission in Haiti are needed including information from active surveillance of cases and vectors. Second, many healthcare personnel need additional training and critical resources on how to properly identify malaria cases so as to improve accurate and timely case reporting. Third, it is necessary to continue studies genotyping strains of Plasmodium falciparum in different sites with active transmission to evaluate for drug resistance and impacts on health. Fourth, elimination strategies outlined in this report will continue to incorporate use of primaquine in addition to chloroquine and active surveillance of cases. Elimination of malaria in Haiti will require collaborative multidisciplinary approaches, sound strategic planning, and strong ownership of strategies by the Haiti Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jacques Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Rue Chardonnier #2 and Delmas 33, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - Paul Adrien
- Direction d'Épidémiologie, de Laboratoire et de Recherches, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | | | - Alexandre Existe
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Rue Chardonnier #2 and Delmas 33, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - Patricia Jean Henry
- Point focal OHMaSS/Programme National de Contrôle de la Malaria, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - Christian Raccurt
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Rue Chardonnier #2 and Delmas 33, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | | | - Natael Fenelon
- Direction d'Épidémiologie, de Laboratoire et de Recherches, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - John B Dame
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | | | - Linda Kaljee
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Dwayne Baxa
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rocheste, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Eric Prieur
- Laboratoire Vac4All, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chelsea Lutz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Dana M Parke
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Abstract
Background MSP3 has been shown to induce protection against malaria in African children. The characterization of a family of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) antigens sharing a similar structural organization, simultaneously expressed on the merozoite surface and targeted by a cross-reactive network of protective antibodies, is intriguing and offers new perspectives for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. Methods Eight recombinant polyproteins containing carefully selected regions of this family covalently linked in different combinations were all efficiently produced in Escherichia coli. The polyproteins consisted of one monovalent, one bivalent, one trivalent, two tetravalents, one hexavalent construct, and two tetravalents incorporating coiled-coil repeats regions from LSA3 and p27 vaccine candidates. Results All eight polyproteins induced a strong and homogeneous antibody response in mice of three distinct genotypes, with a dominance of cytophilic IgG subclasses, lasting up to six months after the last immunization. Vaccine-induced antibodies exerted a strong monocyte-mediated in vitro inhibition of P. falciparum growth. Naturally acquired antibodies from individuals living in an endemic area of Senegal recognized the polyproteins with a reactivity mainly constituted of cytophilic IgG subclasses. Conclusions Combination of genetically conserved and antigenically related MSP3 proteins provides promising subunit vaccine constructs, with improved features as compared to the first generation construct employed in clinical trials (MSP3-LSP). These multivalent MSP3 vaccine constructs expand the epitope display of MSP3 family proteins, and lead to the efficient induction of a wider range of antibody subclasses, even in genetically different mice. These findings are promising for future immunization of genetically diverse human populations.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antibodies, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cross Reactions
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Malaria Vaccines/genetics
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Malaria Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bang
- Malaria Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, and Vac4all initiative, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prieur
- Malaria Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, and Vac4all initiative, Paris, France
| | - Christian Roussilhon
- Malaria Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, and Vac4all initiative, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Druilhe
- Malaria Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, and Vac4all initiative, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Porter DW, Thompson FM, Berthoud TK, Hutchings CL, Andrews L, Biswas S, Poulton I, Prieur E, Correa S, Rowland R, Lang T, Williams J, Gilbert SC, Sinden RE, Todryk S, Hill AVS. A human Phase I/IIa malaria challenge trial of a polyprotein malaria vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 29:7514-22. [PMID: 21501642 PMCID: PMC3195259 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a prime-boost vaccination regime involving two poxvirus malaria subunit vaccines, FP9-PP and MVA-PP, expressing the same polyprotein consisting of six pre-erythrocytic antigens from Plasmodium falciparum. Following safety assessment of single doses, 15 volunteers received a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime and underwent malaria sporozoite challenge. The vaccines were safe but interferon-γ ELISPOT responses were low compared to other poxvirus vectors, despite targeting multiple antigens. There was no vaccine efficacy as measured by delay in time to parasitaemia. A number of possible explanations are discussed, including the very large insert size of the polyprotein transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Porter
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.
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6
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Bokobza B, Valverde A, Magne E, Delaby J, Rubay R, Bellouard A, Dabrowski A, Framery D, Desfachelle JP, Prieur E, Hauters P. Single umbilical incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Initial experience of the Coelio Club. J Visc Surg 2010; 147:e253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prieur E, Druilhe P. The malaria candidate vaccine liver stage antigen-3 is highly conserved in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from diverse geographical areas. Malar J 2009; 8:247. [PMID: 19874576 PMCID: PMC2774867 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A high level of genetic stability has been formerly identified in segments of the gene coding for the liver stage antigen-3 (LSA-3), a subunit vaccine candidate against Plasmodium falciparum. The exploration of lsa-3 polymorphisms was extended to the whole sequence of this large antigen in 20 clinical isolates from four geographical areas; Senegal, Comoro islands, Brazil and Thailand. Methods The whole 4680 bp genomic sequence of lsa-3 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The clinical isolate sequences were aligned on the sequence of the laboratory reference P. falciparum strain 3D7. Results The non-repeated sequence of lsa-3 was very well conserved with only a few allelic variations scattered along the sequence. Interestingly, a formerly identified immunodominant region, employed for the majority of pre-clinical vaccine development, was totally conserved at the genetic level. The most significant variations observed were in the number and organization of tetrapeptide repeated units, but not in their composition, resulting in different lengths of these repeated regions. The shorter repeated regions were from Brazilian origin. A correlation between the geographical distribution of the parasites with single nucleotide polymorphisms was not detected. Conclusion The lack of correlation between allelic polymorphisms with a specific transmission pressure suggests that LSA-3 is a structurally constrained molecule. The unusual characteristics of the lsa-3 gene make the molecule an interesting candidate for a subunit vaccine against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Prieur
- Biochemical Parasitology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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9
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Hubert T, Arnalsteen L, Jany T, Prieur E, Triponez F, Nunes B, Vantyghem MC, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Proye C, Pattou F. Technique du prélèvement pancréatique pour l'isolement des îlots de Langerhans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 130:384-90. [PMID: 16023459 DOI: 10.1016/j.anchir.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The allograft of pancreatic islets represents a potential alternative to insulin therapy in patients suffering from the most severe forms of Type 1 diabetes. Here we report our experience of pancreatic procurement for isolation and islet allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreata were procured in brain-dead donors. The islets were isolated using techniques developed and validated in pigs and men. Injection of a given preparation was decided after quantitative and qualitative controls. Islets were transplanted in Type 1 diabetic patients already grafted with a kidney or suffering from severe and/or unstable diabetes, after percutaneous or surgical settlement of an intra-portal catheter. Patients received an "Edmonton-like" immunosuppressive protocol. Grafts were repeated once or twice until a total quantity of 10,000 transplanted islet-equivalents was obtained. RESULTS Twenty-nine pancreata were procured and 14 preparations were grafted to 7 patients. Eleven graftings were done percutaneously and three were surgical. The initial function of the 14 transplants was confirmed by secretion of C-peptide and decrease of insulin doses. Insulin therapy was completely interrupted in the 5 patients having received at least two grafts. CONCLUSION These preliminary clinical results confirmed that the isolation technique of human islets and the technique of pancreas procurement are mastered by our team. If the results of this assay (assessment one year after graft) confirm our hopes, we will be able to offer islet allografts to an increasing number of patients with severe Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hubert
- Equipe INSERM ERIT-M 0106 thérapie cellulaire du diabète, faculté de médecine, pôle recherche, centre hospitalier régional et universitaire de Lille, 59045 Lille cedex, France
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Prieur E, Gilbert SC, Schneider J, Moore AC, Sheu EG, Goonetilleke N, Robson KJH, Hill AVS. A Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine based on a six-antigen polyprotein encoded by recombinant poxviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 101:290-5. [PMID: 14694197 PMCID: PMC314178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate broadly protective T cell responses more similar to those acquired after vaccination with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, we have constructed candidate subunit malaria vaccines expressing six preerythrocytic antigens linked together to produce a 3240-aa-long polyprotein (L3SEPTL). This polyprotein was expressed by a plasmid DNA vaccine vector (DNA) and by two attenuated poxvirus vectors, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and fowlpox virus of the FP9 strain. MVAL3SEPTL boosted anti-thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (anti-TRAP) and anti-liver stage antigen 1 (anti-LSA1) CD8(+) T cell responses when primed by single antigen TRAP- or LSA1-expressing DNAs, respectively, but not by DNA-L3SEPTL. However, prime boost regimes involving two heterologous viral vectors expressing L3SEPTL induced a strong cellular response directed against an LSA1 peptide located in the C-terminal region of the polyprotein. Peptide-specific T cells secreted IFN-gamma and were cytotoxic. IFN-gamma-secreting T cells specific for each of the six antigens were induced after vaccination with L3SEPTL, supporting the use of polyprotein inserts to induce multispecific T cells against P. falciparum. The use of polyprotein constructs in nonreplicating poxviruses should broaden the target antigen range of vaccine-induced immunity and increase the number of potential epitopes available for immunogenetically diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Prieur
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cellular Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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Härtwig J, Köhler S, Ludwig W, Moriceau H, Ohler M, Prieur E. X-ray Diffraction Topography at a Synchrotron Radiation Source Applied to the Study of Bonded Silicon on Insulator Material. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und technische Kristallographie 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200207)37:7<705::aid-crat705>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
The metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma are often hemorrhagic, primarily of cerebral or pulmonary seat. The secondary digestive localizations are rare and of bad forecast when they bleed. The surgical operation by laparotomy allows the topographic diagnosis and the treatment, but was made responsible for hemorrhagic decompensation of other metastatic localizations engaging the vital forecast.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zerbib
- Service de chirurgie adultes Ouest, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU, 59037 Lille, France.
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Hill AV, Reece W, Gothard P, Moorthy V, Roberts M, Flanagan K, Plebanski M, Hannan C, Hu JT, Anderson R, Degano P, Schneider J, Prieur E, Sheu E, Gilbert SC. DNA-based vaccines for malaria: a heterologous prime-boost immunisation strategy. Dev Biol (Basel) 2002; 104:171-9. [PMID: 11713817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A generic approach to inducing high level CD8+ T cell responses would be of value for prophylactic and therapeutic immunisation against several infectious diseases. However, it has been very difficult to achieve such immune responses using available vaccination strategies. Malaria is one of several diseases against which a new generation of better CD8+ T cell-inducing vaccines might be useful and is unusual in that it allows assessment of vaccine efficacy in small numbers of volunteers in carefully controlled challenge studies. Here we review the identification of a heterologous prime-boost regime using DNA priming and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boosting that induces high level T cell responses in both mice and non-human primates. Clinical trials to determine whether this prime-boost approach is immunogenic in humans are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Hill
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
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14
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Berger M, Ramboaniaina S, Naudi S, Prieur E. [Progressive correction of an ulnar clubhand secondary to post-traumatic epiphysiodesis of the distal ulna]. Acta Orthop Belg 2001; 67:523-7. [PMID: 11822086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the correction of an ulnar club-hand in a 16 year-old boy who complained of recurrent wrist pain after a fracture of both bones of his left forearm treated by internal fixation at the age of nine years. Correction was achieved by progressive ulnar lengthening, using Ilizarov's method, without radius osteotomy or bone grafting. Union was achieved 2 months post-operatively. Functional outcome and cosmetic appearance were satisfying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berger
- Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Douai, 59507 Douai, France
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15
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Schneider J, Gilbert SC, Hannan CM, Dégano P, Prieur E, Sheu EG, Plebanski M, Hill AV. Induction of CD8+ T cells using heterologous prime-boost immunisation strategies. Immunol Rev 1999; 170:29-38. [PMID: 10566139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the current challenges in vaccine design is the development of antigen delivery systems or vaccination strategies that induce high protective levels of CD8+ T cells. These cells are crucial for protection against certain tumours and intracellular pathogens such as the liver-stage parasite of malaria. A liver-stage malaria vaccine should therefore include CD8+ T-cell-inducing components. This review provides an overview of prime-boost immunisation strategies that result in protective CD8+ T-cell responses against malaria with an emphasis on work from our laboratory. Possible mechanisms explaining why heterologous prime-boost strategies, in particular boosting with replication-impaired recombinant poxviruses, are so effective are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schneider
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
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Eschwège P, Conti M, Paradis V, Pudliszewski M, Prieur E, Bendavld A, Bedossa P, Jardin A, Benoit G. Expression of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products in rat kidneys during warm ischemia. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:2437-8. [PMID: 9270801 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Eschwège
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, France
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Major M, Prieur E, Tocanne JF, Betbeder D, Sautereau AM. Characterization and phase behaviour of phospholipid bilayers adsorbed on spherical polysaccharidic nanoparticles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1327:32-40. [PMID: 9247164 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a new drug carrier, the Light-biovector, is described. These biovectors are composed of a neutral, anionic or cationic polysaccharidic core surrounded by phospholipids. They can be prepared with high yield and in a nearly pure form as determined by density analysis on sucrose gradients. These particles showed great stability with no sedimentation being observed after more than one year of storage. Physicochemical studies carried out with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol mixtures showed that in Light-biovectors, the lipids are organized in bilayer surrounding the polysaccharidic core. In presence of a neutral polysaccharidic core, the gel to liquid phase transition temperature Tm of DPPC was only slightly affected as compared to liposomal dispersions of the lipid. In contrast, for cationic and anionic Light-biovectors, the Tm of the lipids was affected by the electric charge born by the polysaccharidic core, indicating that electrostatic interactions contribute to the organization of the lipid bilayer in these systems. It was also found that the association of anionic membrane to anionic polysaccharidic cores and the association of cationic membrane to cationic polysaccharidic cores was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Major
- Biovector Therapeutics, Chemin du Chêne vert, Labège, France
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Ibanez A, Levy J, Mouget C, Prieur E. Crystal Growth of a Promising Nonlinear Optical Material: 2-Amino-5-Nitropyridinium Chloride. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1996.7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gautier N, Chavant E, Prieur E, Monsarrat B, Mazarguil H, Davrinche C, Gairin JE, Davignon JL. Characterization of an epitope of the human cytomegalovirus protein IE1 recognized by a CD4+ T cell clone. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:1110-7. [PMID: 8647175 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells specific for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE1 protein are potential effectors of the control of HCMV infection through cytokine production. Better knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide-T cell receptor (TcR) interactions in the CD4+ T cell response should result in a better design of immunizing peptides and is a prerequisite for the development of vaccines or anti-cytomegalovirus therapy. In this study, the recombinant protein comprising residues 86-491 encoded by exon 4 of IE1 (GST-e4) was cleaved by enzymatic digestion and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). We identified the 14-residue epitope 162-DKREMWMACIKELH-175 recognized by an HLA-DR8-restricted clone, BeA3. Synthetic elongated, truncated and di-Ala-substituted peptides of the 18-mer IE1 158-IVPEDKREMWMACIKELH-175 sequence were used to analyze the amino acid motifs involved in binding to HLA-DR8 and recognition by the BeA3 clone. Substitutions which abolished (MW --> AA), or decreased (RE --> AA and MA --> AA) T cell clone proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxicity were identified. Loss of T cell function induced by the MW --> AA substitution was associated with poor HLA-DR8 binding. Decreased T cell function (RE --> AA and MA --> AA) was associated with good HLA-DR8 binding, which suggested that these motifs were involved in TcR binding. Other substitutions induced potentiation of the T cell clone response: the IV --> AA substitution induced stronger proliferation, but equivalent cytokine production, when compared with the reference peptide IE1 (158-175). CI --> AA substitution induced strong potentiation of HLA-DR8 binding, proliferation and interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production, possibly due to the removal of negative effects of Cys, Ile, or both side chains. Cytotoxicity was not improved by any substitution. Our results show modulation of the CD4+ T cell response according to the peptide residues involved in the HLA-DR8-peptide-TcR interaction.
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Prieur E, Betbeder D, Niedergang F, Major M, Alcover A, Davignon JL, Davrinche C. Combination of human cytomegalovirus recombinant immediate-early protein (IE1) with 80 nm cationic biovectors: protection from proteolysis and potentiation of presentation to CD4+ T-cell clones in vitro. Vaccine 1996; 14:511-20. [PMID: 8782349 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00233-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have shown in a previous study that the proliferative CD4+ T-cell response to the regulatory immediate-early protein IE1 was a major component of the overall anti viral response in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositive blood donors. This viral antigen may be valuable in subunit vaccine design, since anti IE1 CD4+ T cells might provide help for production of antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses, and could take part in the control of viral infection. Preliminary to the elaboration of future vaccine formulations, we developed immunogenic complexes resulting from the combination of a purified recombinant protein derived from the fusion of Escherichia coli glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and a large C-terminal fragment (e4) of IE1, with new 80 nm cationic synthetic particles called Biovectors. We have shown that the antigen GST-e4 was stably complexed to vectors and that, contrary to the soluble form, it was protected from proteolysis in cell culture medium. By confocal microscopy we observed that the synthetic vectors were internalized by lymphoblastoid B cells, providing a significant enhancement of antigen delivery in antigen presenting cells (APC). Indeed, we demonstrated that the previous combination of antigen with particles, significantly enhanced the proliferation of specific CD4+ T-cell clones directed against IE1 in vitro, when either HLA-matched isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or EBV transformed B cell lines were used as APC. The relevance of these observations to the use of these new vectors for vaccine design against HCMV is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prieur
- Inserm U395, IFR 30, UPS, CNRS, CHU, Toulouse, France
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