1
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Keubler LM, Talbot SR, Bleich A, Boyle EC. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on behavior in animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105316. [PMID: 37442498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The bi-directional interaction between gut microbiota and the central nervous system has been coined the gut microbiota-brain axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the administration of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient. Preclinical FMT experiments are essential to prove causality in the context of the gut microbiota-brain axis. In this systematic review, we assess the body of evidence related to the ability of FMT to modulate an animal's behavior. Accordingly, we provide a detailed summary of the use of FMT in behavior-related animal studies, an extensive risk of bias analysis, and a meta-analysis of the overall effect of FMT on behavioral outcome measures in 64 studies, representing 4889 animals. The resulting meta-analysis revealed FMT was effective at changing animal behavior, thereby substantiating evidence for the gut microbiota-brain axis. However, our study also highlights an urgent need for methodological safeguards within this research field to reduce the risk of bias and improve the internal validity of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Keubler
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Klüsch V, Boyle EC, Rustum S, Franz M, Park-Simon TW, Haverich A, Bara C. Chronic unilateral arm lymphedema correlates with increased intima-media thickness in the brachial artery. VASA 2021; 51:19-23. [PMID: 34872377 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drainage of the arterial wall via adventitial lymphatic vessels has been shown to play a pivotal role for vessel wall homeostasis. Also, retrograde cholesterol transport is ensured via this route, but no studies exist to demonstrate that lymphatic stasis would represent a mechanism to initiate atherosclerotic lesion formation in human arteries. To test this hypothesis, we embarked on a simple clinical experiment, assessing wall thickness in limb arteries with lymphedema after surgical intervention, with the contralateral limb serving as control. Using ultrasound imaging, the differential thickness was assessed separately for the three arterial wall layers. The potential of disease progression by lymphostasis was addressed by depiction of longitudinal results according to the time after lymph dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klüsch
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Saad Rustum
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Franz
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Bara
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Boyle EC, Haverich A. Microvasculature dysfunction as the common thread between atherosclerosis, Kawasaki disease, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:1109-1110. [PMID: 33247736 PMCID: PMC7799184 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Boyle EC, Bleich A. R2N and the use of alternative methods in COVID-19 research. ALTEX 2020; 37:683-684. [PMID: 33080038 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Van der Mierden S, Leenaars CHC, Boyle EC, Ripoli FL, Gass P, Durst M, Goerlich-Jansson VC, Jirkof P, Keubler LM, Talbot SR, Habedank A, Lewejohann L, Tolba RH, Bleich A. Measuring endogenous corticosterone in laboratory mice - a mapping review, meta-analysis, and open source database. ALTEX 2020; 38:111-122. [PMID: 33086382 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating stress in laboratory animals is a key principle in animal welfare. Measuring corticosterone is a common method to assess stress in laboratory mice. There are, however, numerous methods to measure glucocorticoids with differences in sample matrix (e.g., plasma, urine) and quantification techniques (e.g., enzyme immunoassay or radioimmunoassay). Here, the authors present a mapping review and a searchable database, giving a complete overview of all studies measuring endogenous corticosterone in mice up to February 2018. For each study, information was recorded regarding mouse strain and sex; corticosterone sample matrix and quantification technique; and whether the study covered the research theme animal welfare, neuroscience, stress, inflammation, or pain (the themes of specific interest in our consortium). Using all database entries for the year 2012, an exploratory meta-regression was performed to determine the effect of predictors on basal corticosterone concentrations. Seventy-five studies were included using the predictors sex, time-since-lights-on, sample matrix, quantification technique, age of the mice, and type of control. Sex, time-since-lights-on, and type of control significantly affected basal corticosterone concentrations. The resulting database can be used, inter alia, for preventing unnecessary duplication of experiments, identifying knowledge gaps, and standardizing or heterogenizing methodologies. These results will help plan more efficient and valid experiments in the future and can answer new questions in silico using meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin C Boyle
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florenza L Ripoli
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim Faculty, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mattea Durst
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Paulin Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Welfare and 3R, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lydia M Keubler
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Habedank
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Lewejohann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behaviour and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Natanov R, Khalikov A, Gueler F, Maus U, Boyle EC, Haverich A, Kühn C, Madrahimov N. Four hours of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using bi-caval cannulation affects kidney function and induces moderate lung damage in a mouse model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:72. [PMID: 31845103 PMCID: PMC6915191 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement of single site cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is pivotal for reduction of patient morbidity and mortality in respiratory failure. To further improve the cardiopulmonary outcomes and reduce end organ damage, we established a murine model for single site cannulation with a double lumen cannula. Results We created a hemodynamically stable double lumen cannula and successfully implanted it through the jugular vein into the upper and lower vena cava. This allowed adequate drainage of the blood. Blood gas analysis showed excellent oxygenation and CO2 reduction. There was no excessive bleeding. No signs of right heart congestion were present which was confirmed in the histological analysis of the liver. Histology demonstrated moderate lung damage and mild acute kidney injury. Neutrophil infiltration was similar in ECMO and sham kidneys. Conclusions Veno-venous extracorporeal circulation deteriorates kidney function and promotes moderate pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdurasul Khalikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kühn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinic of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Ehrhardt K, Steck N, Kappelhoff R, Stein S, Rieder F, Gordon IO, Boyle EC, Braubach P, Overall CM, Finlay BB, Grassl GA. Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1629-1643. [PMID: 31066456 PMCID: PMC6749888 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear. METHODS Chronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases. RESULTS Mice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stein
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Present affiliation: Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Address correspondence to: Guntram A. Grassl, PhD, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ()
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8
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Madrahimov N, Natanov R, Khalikov A, Boyle EC, Jonigk D, Knoefel AK, Siemeni T, Haverich A. Warming and cooling device using thermoelectric Peltier elements tested on male mice. Lab Anim 2019; 54:23677219873687. [PMID: 31554461 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219873687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia is a treatment strategy for different clinical conditions and an essential part of cardiopulmonary bypass in complex cardiac procedures. Clinically, cooling patients is achieved via a mattress and heat exchanger integrated into a membrane oxygenator connected to a waterbed using a refrigerator system based on volatile and toxic liquids. Peltier elements are known as environmentally friendly thermoelectric generators that enable rapid warming and cooling. In this paper, we describe the construction of a novel device for rapid and precise control of mouse warming and cooling using thermoelectric Peltier elements. Six male BALB/c mice were subjected to deep hypothermia and were rewarmed under full physiological monitoring. After rewarming, all animals were observed for two hours, and pathology was evaluated in several organs. All animals tolerated the rapid cooling process well and remained active after rewarming. Temperature-relevant changes were seen via electrocardiography, with heart-rate patterns showing a strong linear correlation to body temperature. No myocardial ischaemia was seen. However, two animals experienced bradycardic atrial fibrillation which spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm during rewarming. No histological damage was seen in the heart, liver, kidney or lungs. Our device can effectively be used for heat shock and hypothermia studies in mice, and we foresee no obstacles for its application to other small rodents such as hamsters and young rats. In comparison to known experimental and clinical methods of hypothermia, our device is environmentally friendly, cost-effective and easy to handle, allowing precise control and maintenance of body temperatures ranging from 18℃ to 42℃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdurasul Khalikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Knoefel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Suwandi A, Galeev A, Riedel R, Sharma S, Seeger K, Sterzenbach T, García Pastor L, Boyle EC, Gal-Mor O, Hensel M, Casadesús J, Baines JF, Grassl GA. Std fimbriae-fucose interaction increases Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation and prolongs colonization. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007915. [PMID: 31329635 PMCID: PMC6675130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of ABO and Lewis histo-blood group antigens by the gastrointestinal epithelium is governed by an α-1,2-fucosyltransferase enzyme encoded by the Fut2 gene. Alterations in mucin glycosylation have been associated with susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis. In order to determine the role of Fut2-dependent glycans in Salmonella-triggered intestinal inflammation, Fut2+/+ and Fut2-/- mice were orally infected with S. Typhimurium and bacterial colonization and intestinal inflammation were analyzed. Bacterial load in the intestine of Fut2-/- mice was significantly lower compared to Fut2+/+ mice. Analysis of histopathological changes revealed significantly lower levels of intestinal inflammation in Fut2-/- mice compared to Fut2+/+ mice and measurement of lipocalin-2 level in feces corroborated histopathological findings. Salmonella express fimbriae that assist in adherence of bacteria to host cells thereby facilitating their invasion. The std fimbrial operon of S. Typhimurium encodes the π-class Std fimbriae which bind terminal α(1,2)-fucose residues. An isogenic mutant of S. Typhimurium lacking Std fimbriae colonized Fut2+/+ and Fut2-/- mice to similar levels and resulted in similar intestinal inflammation. In vitro adhesion assays revealed that bacteria possessing Std fimbriae adhered significantly more to fucosylated cell lines or primary epithelial cells in comparison to cells lacking α(1,2)-fucose. Overall, these results indicate that Salmonella-triggered intestinal inflammation and colonization are dependent on Std-fucose interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alibek Galeev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lucía García Pastor
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Josep Casadesús
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John F. Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
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10
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Madrahimov N, Khalikov A, Boyle EC, Natanov R, Knoefel AK, Siemeni T, Hoeffler K, Haverich A, Maus U, Kuehn C. Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30417887 DOI: 10.3791/58146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for acute as well as end-stage lung diseases. With the increase in clinical demand and prolonged use of ECMO, procedural optimization and prevention of multi-organ damage are of critical importance. The aim of this protocol is to present a detailed technique of veno-venous ECMO in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This protocol demonstrates the technical design of the ECMO and surgical steps. This murine ECMO model will facilitate the study of pathophysiology related to ECMO (e.g., inflammation,bleeding and thromboembolic events). Due to the abundance of genetically modified mice, the molecular mechanisms involved in ECMO-related complications can also be dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School;
| | - Abdurasul Khalikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Ann-Kathrin Knoefel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Klaus Hoeffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Christian Kuehn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
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11
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Natanov R, Gueler F, Falk CS, Kühn C, Maus U, Boyle EC, Siemeni T, Knoefel AK, Cebotari S, Haverich A, Madrahimov N. Blood cytokine expression correlates with early multi-organ damage in a mouse model of moderate hypothermia with circulatory arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205437. [PMID: 30308065 PMCID: PMC6181365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with moderate hypothermic cardiac arrest (MHCA) is essential for prolonged complex procedures in cardiac surgery and is associated with postoperative complications. Although cytokine release provoked through MHCA under CPB plays a pivotal role in postoperative organ damage, the pathomechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the cytokine release pattern and histological organ damage after MHCA using a recently described mouse CPB model. Eight BALB/c mice underwent 60 minutes of circulatory arrest under CPB, were successively rewarmed and reperfused. Blood cytokine concentrations and liver and kidney function parameters were measured and histological changes to these organs were compared to control animals. Our results showed a marked increase in proinflammatory cytokines and histological changes in the kidney, lung, and liver after CPB. Furthermore, clinical chemistry showed signs of hemolysis and acute kidney injury. These results suggest early onset of solid organ injury which correlates with increased leukocyte infiltration. A better understanding of the interplay between pro-inflammatory cytokine activation and solid organ injury in this model of CBP with MHCA will inform strategies to reduce organ damage during cardiac surgeries in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christian Kühn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Knoefel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Madrahimov N, Boyle EC, Gueler F, Goecke T, Knöfel AK, Irkha V, Maegel L, Höffler K, Natanov R, Ismail I, Maus U, Kühn C, Warnecke G, Shrestha ML, Cebotari S, Haverich A. Novel mouse model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 53:186-193. [PMID: 28977367 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an essential component of many cardiac interventions, and therefore, there is an increasing critical demand to minimize organ damage resulting from prolonged extracorporeal circulation. Our goal was to develop the first clinically relevant mouse model of CPB and to examine the course of extracorporeal circulation by closely monitoring haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters. METHODS Here, we report the optimization of device design, perfusion circuit and microsurgical techniques as well as validation of physiological functions during CPB in mice after circulatory arrest and reperfusion. Validation of the model required multiple blood gas analyses, and therefore, this initial report describes an acute model that is incompatible with survival due to the need of repetitive blood draws. RESULTS Biochemical and histopathological assessment of organ damage revealed only mild changes in the heart and lungs and signs of the beginning of acute organ failure in the liver and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS This new CPB mouse model will facilitate preclinical testing of therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases and investigation of CPB in relation to different insults and pre-existing comorbidities. In combination with genetically modified mice, this model will be an important tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in organ damage related to extracorporeal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Knöfel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valentyna Irkha
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lavinia Maegel
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Höffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Issam Ismail
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kühn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malakh-Lal Shrestha
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Sedding DG, Boyle EC, Demandt JAF, Sluimer JC, Dutzmann J, Haverich A, Bauersachs J. Vasa Vasorum Angiogenesis: Key Player in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis and Potential Target for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29719532 PMCID: PMC5913371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque microvascularization and increased endothelial permeability are key players in the development of atherosclerosis, from the initial stages of plaque formation to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events. First, endothelial dysfunction and increased permeability facilitate the entry of diverse inflammation-triggering molecules and particles such as low-density lipoproteins into the artery wall from the arterial lumen and vasa vasorum (VV). Recognition of entering particles by resident phagocytes in the vessel wall triggers a maladaptive inflammatory response that initiates the process of local plaque formation. The recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells and the subsequent release of several cytokines, especially from resident macrophages, stimulate the expansion of existing VV and the formation of new highly permeable microvessels. This, in turn, exacerbates the deposition of pro-inflammatory particles and results in the recruitment of even more inflammatory cells. The progressive accumulation of leukocytes in the intima, which trigger proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the media, results in vessel wall thickening and hypoxia, which further stimulates neoangiogenesis of VV. Ultimately, this highly inflammatory environment damages the fragile plaque microvasculature leading to intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque instability, and eventually, acute cardiovascular events. This review will focus on the pivotal roles of endothelial permeability, neoangiogenesis, and plaque microvascularization by VV during plaque initiation, progression, and rupture. Special emphasis will be given to the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies to selectively target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sedding
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasper A F Demandt
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Zinne N, Krueger M, Hoeltig D, Tuemmler B, Boyle EC, Biancosino C, Hoeffler K, Braubach P, Rajab TK, Ciubotaru A, Rohde J, Waldmann KH, Haverich A. Treatment of infected lungs by ex vivo perfusion with high dose antibiotics and autotransplantation: A pilot study in pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193168. [PMID: 29505574 PMCID: PMC5837087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria threatens to end the era of antibiotics. Drug resistant bacteria have evolved mechanisms to overcome antibiotics at therapeutic doses and further dose increases are not possible due to systemic toxicity. Here we present a pilot study of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with high dose antibiotic therapy followed by autotransplantation as a new therapy of last resort for otherwise incurable multidrug resistant lung infections. Severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was induced in the lower left lungs (LLL) of 18 Mini-Lewe pigs. Animals in the control group (n = 6) did not receive colistin. Animals in the conventional treatment group (n = 6) received intravenous application of 2 mg/kg body weight colistin daily. Animals in the EVLP group (n = 6) had their LLL explanted and perfused ex vivo with a perfusion solution containing 200 μg/ml colistin. After two hours of ex vivo treatment, autotransplantation of the LLL was performed. All animals were followed for 4 days following the initiation of treatment. In the control and conventional treatment groups, the infection-related mortality rate after five days was 66.7%. In the EVLP group, there was one infection-related mortality and one procedure-related mortality, for an overall mortality rate of 33.3%. Moreover, the clinical symptoms of infection were less severe in the EVLP group than the other groups. Ex vivo lung perfusion with very high dose antibiotics presents a new therapeutic option of last resort for otherwise incurable multidrug resistant pneumonia without toxic side effects on other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Zinne
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcus Krueger
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Doris Hoeltig
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tuemmler
- Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christian Biancosino
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Klaus Hoeffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Taufiek K. Rajab
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anatol Ciubotaru
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Judith Rohde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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15
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Madrahimov N, Natanov R, Boyle EC, Goecke T, Knöfel AK, Irkha V, Solovieva A, Höffler K, Maus U, Kühn C, Ismail I, Warnecke G, Shrestha ML, Cebotari S, Haverich A. Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Mouse Model: A Novel Approach. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994765 DOI: 10.3791/56017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass becomes more essential during cardiac interventions, an increasing clinical demand arises for procedure optimization and for minimizing organ damage resulting from prolonged extracorporal circulation. The goal of this paper was to demonstrate a fully functional and clinically relevant model of cardiopulmonary bypass in a mouse. We report on the device design, perfusion circuit optimization, and microsurgical techniques. This model is an acute model, which is not compatible with survival due to the need for multiple blood drawings. Because of the range of tools available for mice (e.g., markers, knockouts, etc.), this model will facilitate investigation into the molecular mechanisms of organ damage and the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass in relation to other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School;
| | - Ruslan Natanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Ann-Kathrin Knöfel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Valentyna Irkha
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Anna Solovieva
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tuebingen
| | - Klaus Höffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Ulrich Maus
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Christian Kühn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Issam Ismail
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Malakh-Lal Shrestha
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
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16
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Boyle EC, Sedding DG, Haverich A. Targeting vasa vasorum dysfunction to prevent atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Braniste T, Tiginyanu I, Horvath T, Raevschi S, Andrée B, Cebotari S, Boyle EC, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. Targeting Endothelial Cells with Multifunctional GaN/Fe Nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:486. [PMID: 28799116 PMCID: PMC5552623 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the interaction of multifunctional nanoparticles with living endothelial cells. The nanoparticles were synthesized using direct growth of gallium nitride on zinc oxide nanoparticles alloyed with iron oxide followed by core decomposition in hydrogen flow at high temperature. Using transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that porcine aortic endothelial cells take up GaN-based nanoparticles suspended in the growth medium. The nanoparticles are deposited in vesicles and the endothelial cells show no sign of cellular damage. Intracellular inert nanoparticles are used as guiding elements for controlled transportation or designed spatial distribution of cells in external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Braniste
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ion Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Tibor Horvath
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simion Raevschi
- Department of Physics and Engineering, State University of Moldova, str. Alexei Mateevici 60, Chisinau, MD-2009 Republic of Moldova
| | - Birgit Andrée
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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18
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Boyle EC, Dombrowsky H, Sarau J, Braun J, Aepfelbacher M, Lautenschläger I, Grassl GA. Ex vivo perfusion of the isolated rat small intestine as a novel model of Salmonella enteritis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G55-63. [PMID: 26564721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00444.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Using an ex vivo perfused rat small intestinal model, we examined pathological changes to the tissue, inflammation induction, as well as dynamic changes to smooth muscle activity, metabolic competence, and luminal fluid accumulation during short-term infection with the enteropathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica. Although few effects were seen upon Yersinia infection, this system accurately modeled key aspects associated with Salmonella enteritis. Our results confirmed the importance of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1)-encoded type 3 secretion system (T3SS) in pathology, tissue invasion, inflammation induction, and fluid secretion. Novel physiological consequences of Salmonella infection of the small intestine were also identified, namely, SPI-1-dependent vasoconstriction and SPI-1-independent reduction in the digestive and absorptive functions of the epithelium. Importantly, this is the first small animal model that allows for the study of Salmonella-induced fluid secretion. Another major advantage of this model is that one can specifically determine the contribution of resident cell populations. Accordingly, we can conclude that recruited cell populations were not involved in the pathological damage, inflammation induction, fluid accumulation, nutrient absorption deficiency, and vasoconstriction observed. Although fluid loss induced by Salmonella infection is hypothesized to be due to damage caused by recruited neutrophils, our data suggest that bacterial invasion and inflammation induction in resident cell populations are sufficient for fluid loss into the lumen. In summary, this model is a novel and useful tool that allows for detailed examination of the early physiopathological effects of Salmonella infection on the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heike Dombrowsky
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Sarau
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Janin Braun
- Priority Area Infections, Models of Inflammation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingmar Lautenschläger
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Priority Area Infections, Models of Inflammation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
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19
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Gal-Mor O, Boyle EC, Grassl GA. Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:391. [PMID: 25136336 PMCID: PMC4120697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica represent major disease burdens worldwide. This highly ubiquitous species consists of more than 2600 different serovars that can be divided into typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars. Despite their genetic similarity, these two groups elicit very different diseases and distinct immune responses in humans. Comparative analyses of the genomes of multiple Salmonella serovars have begun to explain the basis of the variation in disease manifestations. Recent advances in modeling both enteric fever and intestinal gastroenteritis in mice will facilitate investigation into both the bacterial- and host-mediated mechanisms involved in salmonelloses. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for differences in disease outcome will augment our understanding of Salmonella pathogenesis, host immunity, and the molecular basis of host specificity. This review outlines the differences in epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the human immune response to typhoidal and NTS infections and summarizes the current thinking on why these differences might exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel, Germany ; Research Center Borstel Borstel, Germany
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20
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Wolters M, Boyle EC, Lardong K, Trülzsch K, Steffen A, Rottner K, Ruckdeschel K, Aepfelbacher M. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor-Y boosts Yersinia effector translocation by activating Rac protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23543-53. [PMID: 23803609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia spp. translocate the effectors YopT, YopE, and YopO/YpkA into target cells to inactivate Rho family GTP-binding proteins and block immune responses. Some Yersinia spp. also secrete the Rho protein activator cytotoxic necrotizing factor-Y (CNF-Y), but it has been unclear how the bacteria may benefit from Rho protein activation. We show here that CNF-Y increases Yop translocation in Yersinia enterocolitica-infected cells up to 5-fold. CNF-Y strongly activated RhoA and also delayed in time Rac1 and Cdc42, but when individually expressed, constitutively active mutants of Rac1, but not of RhoA, increased Yop translocation. Consistently, knock-out or knockdown of Rac1 but not of RhoA, -B, or -C inhibited Yersinia effector translocation in CNF-Y-treated and control cells. Activation or knockdown of Cdc42 also affected Yop translocation but much less efficiently than Rac. The increase in Yop translocation induced by CNF-Y was essentially independent of the presence of YopE, YopT, or YopO in the infecting Yersinia strain, indicating that none of the Yops reported to inhibit translocation could reverse the CNF-Y effect. In summary, the CNF-Y activity of Yersinia strongly enhances Yop translocation through activation of Rac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wolters
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Rogers LD, Kristensen AR, Boyle EC, Robinson DP, Ly RT, Finlay BB, Foster LJ. Identification of cognate host targets and specific ubiquitylation sites on the Salmonella SPI-1 effector SopB/SigD. J Proteomics 2008; 71:97-108. [PMID: 18541478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen responsible for enteritis and typhoid fever. Virulence is linked to two Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2) on the bacterial chromosome, each of which encodes a type III secretion system. While both the SPI-1 and SPI-2 systems secrete an array of effectors into the host, relatively few host proteins have been identified as targets for their effects. Here we use stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify the host targets of the SPI-1 effector, SopB/SigD. The only host protein found to bind immunoprecipitated SopB was the small G-protein Cdc42. The interaction was confirmed by reciprocal immunoprecipitation, and Cdc42 also bound glutathione S-transferase-fused SopB and SopB delivered through infection by the bacteria, confirming the interaction by an orthogonal method and in a more physiological context. The region of SopB responsible for the interaction was mapped to residues 117-168, and SopB is ubiquitylated at both K19 and K541, likely as monoubiquitylation. SopB colocalizes with activated Cdc42 near the plasmalemma, but we found no evidence that SopB alone can alter Cdc42 activity. This approach is also widely applicable to identify binding partners to other bacterial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Boyle EC, Brown NF, Brumell JH, Finlay BB. Src homology domain 2 adaptors affect adherence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to non-phagocytic cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:3517-3526. [PMID: 17906149 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/008581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to penetrate the intestinal epithelium is key to its pathogenesis. Bacterial invasion can be seen as a two-step process initially requiring adherence to the host cell surface followed by internalization into the host cell. Evidence suggests that adherence of S. Typhimurium to host cells is receptor-mediated; however, the host cell receptor(s) has/have not been identified. Internalization of S. Typhimurium absolutely requires the actin cytoskeleton yet only a few of the cytoskeletal components involved in this process have been identified. In order to identify host proteins that may play a role in S. Typhimurium invasion, the recruitment of actin-associated proteins was investigated. The contribution of recruited Src homology 2 adaptor proteins to invasion was further investigated and it was found that, while not involved in bacterial internalization itself, the adaptors Nck and ShcA influenced adherence of S. Typhimurium to non-phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nat F Brown
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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23
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Wickham ME, Brown NF, Boyle EC, Coombes BK, Finlay BB. Virulence is positively selected by transmission success between mammalian hosts. Curr Biol 2007; 17:783-8. [PMID: 17442572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Virulence, defined as damage to the host, is a trait of pathogens that evolutionary theory suggests benefits the pathogen in the "struggle for existence". Pathogens employ virulence mechanisms that contribute to disease. Central to the evolution of virulence of the infectious agents causing an array of bacterial disease is the evolutionary acquisition of type III secretion, a macromolecular complex that creates a syringe-like apparatus extending from the bacterial cytosol to the eukaryotic cytosol and delivers secreted bacterial virulence factors (effectors) into host cells. In this work, we quantify the contribution of virulence determinants to the evolutionary success of a pathogen. Using a natural pathogen of mice, we show that virulence factors provide a selective advantage by enhancing transmission between hosts. Virulence factors that have a major contribution to disease were absolutely required for transmission of the pathogen to naive hosts. Virulence-factor mutants with more subtle defects in pathogenesis had quantifiable roles in the time required to transmit the pathogen between mice. Virulence-factor mutants were also found to lose in competition with wild-type bacteria when iteratively transmitted from infected to uninfected mice. These results directly demonstrate that virulence is selected via the fitness advantage it provides to the host-to-host cycle of pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Wickham
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Bishop
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major cause of human gastroenteritis. Infection of epithelial monolayers by S. Typhimurium disrupts tight junctions that normally maintain the intestinal barrier and regulate cell polarity. Tight junction disruption is dependent upon the Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) type 3 secretion system but the specific effectors involved have not been identified. In this study we demonstrate that SopB, SopE, SopE2 and SipA are the SPI-1-secreted effectors responsible for disruption of tight junction structure and function. Tight junction disruption by S. Typhimurium was prevented by inhibiting host protein geranylgeranylation but was not dependent on host protein synthesis or secretion of host-derived products. Unlike wild-type S. Typhimurium, DeltasopB, DeltasopE/E2, DeltasipA, or DeltasipA/sopB mutants, DeltasopB/E/E2 and DeltasipA/sopE/E2 mutants were unable to increase the permeability of polarized epithelial monolayers, did not disrupt the distribution or levels of ZO-1 and occludin, and did not alter cell polarity. These data suggest that SPI-1-secreted effectors utilize their ability to stimulate Rho family GTPases to disrupt tight junction structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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27
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Abstract
The intestinal epithelium functions as a physical barrier separating luminal microorganisms from the underlying immune system. There is compelling evidence that several intestinal diseases are associated with the translocation of commensal bacteria across the epithelial barrier. Recent work has identified a novel mechanism by which normally non-invasive enteric bacteria breach the intestinal epithelium during periods of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Michael Smith Laboratories, 2185 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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28
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Kujat Choy SL, Boyle EC, Gal-Mor O, Goode DL, Valdez Y, Vallance BA, Finlay BB. SseK1 and SseK2 are novel translocated proteins of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Infect Immun 2004; 72:5115-25. [PMID: 15322005 PMCID: PMC517430 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.9.5115-5125.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes disease symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. A key virulence strategy is the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell, mediated by the type III secretion systems (TTSSs) encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2. In S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, we identified the protein products of STM4157 and STM2137 as novel candidate secreted proteins by comparison to known secreted proteins from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium. The STM4157 and STM2137 proteins, which we have designated SseK1 and SseK2, respectively, are 61% identical at the amino acid level and differ mainly in their N termini. Western analysis showed that in vitro accumulation and secretion of these proteins in serovar Typhimurium were affected by mutations in the two-component systems SsrA/B and PhoP/Q, which are key mediators of intracellular growth and survival. SPI-2 TTSS-dependent translocation of recombinant SseK1::Cya was evident at 9 h postinfection of epithelial cells, while translocation of SseK2::Cya was not detected until 21 h. Remarkably, the translocation signal for SseK1 was contained within the N-terminal 32 amino acids. Fractionation of infected epithelial cells revealed that following translocation SseK1 localizes to the host cytosol, which is unusual among the currently known Salmonella effectors. Phenotypic analysis of DeltasseK1, DeltasseK2, and DeltasseK1/DeltasseK2 mutants provided evidence for a role that was not critical during systemic infection. In summary, this work demonstrates that SseK1 and SseK2 are novel translocated proteins of serovar Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya L Kujat Choy
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Room 237, Wesbrook Building, 6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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29
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Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules, such as integrins, cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules and selectins, play important structural roles and are involved in various signal transduction processes. As an initial step in the infectious process, many bacterial pathogens adhere to cell adhesion molecules as a means of exploiting the underlying signaling pathways, entering into host cells or establishing extracellular persistence. Often, bacteria are able to bind to cell adhesion molecules by mimicking or acting in place of host cell receptors or their ligands. Recent studies have contributed to our understanding of bacterial adherence mechanisms and the consequences of receptor engagement; they have also highlighted alternative functions of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Boyle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Wesbrook Building, Room 237, 6174 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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