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de Barros Damgaard P, Marchi N, Rasmussen S, Peyrot M, Renaud G, Korneliussen T, Moreno-Mayar JV, Pedersen MW, Goldberg A, Usmanova E, Baimukhanov N, Loman V, Hedeager L, Pedersen AG, Nielsen K, Afanasiev G, Akmatov K, Aldashev A, Alpaslan A, Baimbetov G, Bazaliiskii VI, Beisenov A, Boldbaatar B, Boldgiv B, Dorzhu C, Ellingvag S, Erdenebaatar D, Dajani R, Dmitriev E, Evdokimov V, Frei KM, Gromov A, Goryachev A, Hakonarson H, Hegay T, Khachatryan Z, Khaskhanov R, Kitov E, Kolbina A, Kubatbek T, Kukushkin A, Kukushkin I, Lau N, Margaryan A, Merkyte I, Mertz IV, Mertz VK, Mijiddorj E, Moiyesev V, Mukhtarova G, Nurmukhanbetov B, Orozbekova Z, Panyushkina I, Pieta K, Smrčka V, Shevnina I, Logvin A, Sjogren KG, Štolcova T, Taravella AM, Tashbaeva K, Tkachev A, Tulegenov T, Voyakin D, Yepiskoposyan L, Undrakhbold S, Varfolomeev V, Weber A, Wilson Sayres MA, Kradin N, Allentoft ME, Orlando L, Nielsen R, Sikora M, Heyer E, Kristiansen K, Willerslev E. Author Correction: 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes. Nature 2018; 563:E16. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Damgaard PDB, Marchi N, Rasmussen S, Peyrot M, Renaud G, Korneliussen T, Moreno-Mayar JV, Pedersen MW, Goldberg A, Usmanova E, Baimukhanov N, Loman V, Hedeager L, Pedersen AG, Nielsen K, Afanasiev G, Akmatov K, Aldashev A, Alpaslan A, Baimbetov G, Bazaliiskii VI, Beisenov A, Boldbaatar B, Boldgiv B, Dorzhu C, Ellingvag S, Erdenebaatar D, Dajani R, Dmitriev E, Evdokimov V, Frei KM, Gromov A, Goryachev A, Hakonarson H, Hegay T, Khachatryan Z, Khaskhanov R, Kitov E, Kolbina A, Kubatbek T, Kukushkin A, Kukushkin I, Lau N, Margaryan A, Merkyte I, Mertz IV, Mertz VK, Mijiddorj E, Moiyesev V, Mukhtarova G, Nurmukhanbetov B, Orozbekova Z, Panyushkina I, Pieta K, Smrčka V, Shevnina I, Logvin A, Sjögren KG, Štolcová T, Taravella AM, Tashbaeva K, Tkachev A, Tulegenov T, Voyakin D, Yepiskoposyan L, Undrakhbold S, Varfolomeev V, Weber A, Wilson Sayres MA, Kradin N, Allentoft ME, Orlando L, Nielsen R, Sikora M, Heyer E, Kristiansen K, Willerslev E. 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes. Nature 2018; 557:369-374. [PMID: 29743675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century BC, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth-fifth century AD, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Barros Damgaard
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Marchi
- Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaël Peyrot
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Renaud
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorfinn Korneliussen
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Víctor Moreno-Mayar
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amy Goldberg
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emma Usmanova
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Valeriy Loman
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Lotte Hedeager
- Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Gorm Pedersen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gennady Afanasiev
- Department of Theory and Methods, Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kunbolot Akmatov
- Department of History, Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Almaz Aldashev
- National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ashyk Alpaslan
- Department of History, Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | | | - Arman Beisenov
- A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bazartseren Boldbaatar
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Choduraa Dorzhu
- Departament of Biology and Ecology, Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, Russia
| | | | | | - Rana Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evgeniy Dmitriev
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeriy Evdokimov
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Karin M Frei
- Unit for Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrey Gromov
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatyana Hegay
- Republican Scientific Center of Immunology, Ministry of Public Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Zaruhi Khachatryan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ruslan Khaskhanov
- Complex Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, Russia
| | - Egor Kitov
- A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Kolbina
- Kostanay Regional Local History Museum, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Tabaldiev Kubatbek
- Department of History, Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Alexey Kukushkin
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Igor Kukushkin
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Nina Lau
- Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schleswig, Germany
| | - Ashot Margaryan
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Inga Merkyte
- Saxo-Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilya V Mertz
- Center for Archaeological Research, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Viktor K Mertz
- Center for Archaeological Research, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Enkhbayar Mijiddorj
- Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Vyacheslav Moiyesev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gulmira Mukhtarova
- The State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum (ISSYK), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Z Orozbekova
- Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Panyushkina
- University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karol Pieta
- Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Václav Smrčka
- Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Shevnina
- Archaeological Laboratory, Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Logvin
- Archaeological Laboratory, Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Karl-Göran Sjögren
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tereza Štolcová
- Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Angela M Taravella
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kadicha Tashbaeva
- Institute of History and Cultural Heritage of National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Alexander Tkachev
- Institute of Problems Development of the North Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Turaly Tulegenov
- The State Historical and Cultural Reserve-Museum (ISSYK), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sainbileg Undrakhbold
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Victor Varfolomeev
- Buketov Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrzej Weber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa A Wilson Sayres
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nikolay Kradin
- Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.,Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikora
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Eske Willerslev
- Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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