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Abratenko P, Alterkait O, Andrade Aldana D, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow J, Basque V, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Cao Y, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Djurcic Z, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hicks R, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Imani Z, Irwin B, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Miller K, Mills J, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Pophale I, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Measurement of η Meson Production in Neutrino Interactions on Argon with MicroBooNE. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:151801. [PMID: 38683006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a measurement of η production from neutrino interactions on argon with the MicroBooNE detector. The modeling of resonant neutrino interactions on argon is a critical aspect of the neutrino oscillation physics program being carried out by the DUNE and Short Baseline Neutrino programs. η production in neutrino interactions provides a powerful new probe of resonant interactions, complementary to pion channels, and is particularly suited to the study of higher-order resonances beyond the Δ(1232). We measure a flux-integrated cross section for neutrino-induced η production on argon of 3.22±0.84(stat)±0.86(syst) 10^{-41} cm^{2}/nucleon. By demonstrating the successful reconstruction of the two photons resulting from η production, this analysis enables a novel calibration technique for electromagnetic showers in GeV accelerator neutrino experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - O Alterkait
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Andrade Aldana
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B Bogart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Cao
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Caratelli
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | - P Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - A Ereditato
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O G Finnerud
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B T Fleming
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Hicks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - Z Imani
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - B Irwin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M B Leibovitch
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Martinez
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - N Oza
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Pallat
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - H B Parkinson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | | | - I Pophale
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ross-Lonergan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Taniuchi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Torbunov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Tyler
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A J White
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Abratenko P, Alterkait O, Andrade Aldana D, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow D, Barrow J, Basque V, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Brunetti MB, Camilleri L, Cao Y, Caratelli D, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chappell A, Chen Y, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Cross R, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Djurcic Z, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Gao F, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu L, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Imani Z, Irwin B, Ismail M, James C, Ji X, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Liu H, Louis WC, Luo X, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Martynenko S, Mastbaum A, Mawby I, McConkey N, Meddage V, Micallef J, Miller K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Moudgalya MM, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Pophale I, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Safa I, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, St John J, Strauss T, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons in Electron-Positron and Neutral-Pion Final States with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:041801. [PMID: 38335355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying into νe^{+}e^{-} or νπ^{0} final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab's main injector corresponding to a total exposure of 7.01×10^{20} protons on target. We set upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the mixing parameter |U_{μ4}|^{2} in the mass ranges 10≤m_{HNL}≤150 MeV for the νe^{+}e^{-} channel and 150≤m_{HNL}≤245 MeV for the νπ^{0} channel, assuming |U_{e4}|^{2}=|U_{τ4}|^{2}=0. These limits represent the most stringent constraints in the mass range 35
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - O Alterkait
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Andrade Aldana
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Barrow
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B Bogart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M B Brunetti
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Cao
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Caratelli
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Chappell
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Y Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - R Cross
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | - P Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - A Ereditato
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O G Finnerud
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B T Fleming
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - D Franco
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - F Gao
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Green
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Gu
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - Z Imani
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - B Irwin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Ismail
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - J H Jo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M B Leibovitch
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - H Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Viriginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Martinez
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Martynenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - I Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N McConkey
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Micallef
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M M Moudgalya
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - N Oza
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Pallat
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - H B Parkinson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - I Pophale
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ross-Lonergan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - I Safa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Taniuchi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Torbunov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Tyler
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A J White
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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3
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Skowronski J, Boeltzig A, Ciani GF, Csedreki L, Piatti D, Aliotta M, Ananna C, Barile F, Bemmerer D, Best A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Campostrini M, Cavanna F, Colombetti P, Compagnucci A, Corvisiero P, Davinson T, Depalo R, Di Leva A, Elekes Z, Ferraro F, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Gesuè RM, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Lugaro M, Marigo P, Masha E, Menegazzo R, Paticchio V, Perrino R, Prati P, Rapagnani D, Rigato V, Schiavulli L, Sidhu RS, Straniero O, Szücs T, Zavatarelli S. Proton-Capture Rates on Carbon Isotopes and Their Impact on the Astrophysical ^{12}C/^{13}C Ratio. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:162701. [PMID: 37925687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The ^{12}C/^{13}C ratio is a significant indicator of nucleosynthesis and mixing processes during hydrogen burning in stars. Its value mainly depends on the relative rates of the ^{12}C(p,γ)^{13}N and ^{13}C(p,γ)^{14}N reactions. Both reactions have been studied at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) in Italy down to the lowest energies to date (E_{c.m.}=60 keV) reaching for the first time the high energy tail of hydrogen burning in the shell of giant stars. Our cross sections, obtained with both prompt γ-ray detection and activation measurements, are the most precise to date with overall systematic uncertainties of 7%-8%. Compared with most of the literature, our results are systematically lower, by 25% for the ^{12}C(p,γ)^{13}N reaction and by 30% for ^{13}C(p,γ)^{14}N. We provide the most precise value up to now of 3.6±0.4 in the 20-140 MK range for the lowest possible ^{12}C/^{13}C ratio that can be produced during H burning in giant stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skowronski
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - G F Ciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin," Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," 70125 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - L Csedreki
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D Piatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Aliotta
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Ananna
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - F Barile
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin," Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," 70125 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Best
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - C Broggini
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C G Bruno
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Caciolli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Campostrini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Cavanna
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - P Colombetti
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Compagnucci
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Depalo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - F Ferraro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R M Gesuè
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Gy Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - M Junker
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Lugaro
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), MTA Centre for Excellence, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Marigo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Masha
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Menegazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - R Perrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - P Prati
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - D Rapagnani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini," Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," 80125 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - V Rigato
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Schiavulli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin," Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro," 70125 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - R S Sidhu
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - O Straniero
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - T Szücs
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - S Zavatarelli
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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4
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Abratenko P, Alterkait O, Andrade Aldana D, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow J, Basque V, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Cohen EO, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Djurcic Z, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hicks R, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Irwin B, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Miller K, Mills J, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Pophale I, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Double-Differential Measurement of Kinematic Imbalance in Neutrino Interactions with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:101802. [PMID: 37739352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of flux-integrated double-differential quasielasticlike neutrino-argon cross sections, which have been made using the Booster Neutrino Beam and the MicroBooNE detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data are presented as a function of kinematic imbalance variables which are sensitive to nuclear ground-state distributions and hadronic reinteraction processes. We find that the measured cross sections in different phase-space regions are sensitive to different nuclear effects. Therefore, they enable the impact of specific nuclear effects on the neutrino-nucleus interaction to be isolated more completely than was possible using previous single-differential cross section measurements. Our results provide precision data to help test and improve neutrino-nucleus interaction models. They further support ongoing neutrino-oscillation studies by establishing phase-space regions where precise reaction modeling has already been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - O Alterkait
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Andrade Aldana
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Benevides Rodrigues
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B Bogart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E O Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O G Finnerud
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Hicks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - B Irwin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M B Leibovitch
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Martinez
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - N Oza
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Pallat
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - H B Parkinson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - I Pophale
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ross-Lonergan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Taniuchi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Torbunov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Tyler
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A J White
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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5
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Abratenko P, Andrade Aldana D, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow J, Basque V, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Djurcic Z, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hicks R, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Irwin B, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Miller K, Mills J, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Nunes M, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Pophale I, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Measurement of Quasielastic Λ Baryon Production in Muon Antineutrino Interactions in the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:231802. [PMID: 37354393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.231802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the cross section of Cabibbo-suppressed Λ baryon production, using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector when exposed to the neutrinos from the main injector beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data analyzed correspond to 2.2×10^{20} protons on target running in neutrino mode, and 4.9×10^{20} protons on target running in anti-neutrino mode. An automated selection is combined with hand scanning, with the former identifying five candidate Λ production events when the signal was unblinded, consistent with the GENIE prediction of 5.3±1.1 events. Several scanners were employed, selecting between three and five events, compared with a prediction from a blinded Monte Carlo simulation study of 3.7±1.0 events. Restricting the phase space to only include Λ baryons that decay above MicroBooNE's detection thresholds, we obtain a flux averaged cross section of 2.0_{-1.7}^{+2.2}×10^{-40} cm^{2}/Ar, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Andrade Aldana
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B Bogart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O G Finnerud
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Hicks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - B Irwin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M B Leibovitch
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Martinez
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - N Oza
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Pallat
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - H B Parkinson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - I Pophale
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ross-Lonergan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Taniuchi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Torbunov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Tyler
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A J White
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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6
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Baller B, Basque V, Cavanna F, Co RT, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming B, Green P, Harnik R, Kelly KJ, Kumar S, Lang K, Lepetic I, Liu Z, Luo X, Lyu KF, Palamara O, Scanavini G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc AM, Wu W, Yang T. First Constraints on Heavy QCD Axions with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Using the ArgoNeuT Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:221802. [PMID: 37327426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.221802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for heavy QCD axions performed by the ArgoNeuT experiment at Fermilab. We search for heavy axions produced in the NuMI neutrino beam target and absorber decaying into dimuon pairs, which can be identified using the unique capabilities of ArgoNeuT and the MINOS near detector. This decay channel is motivated by a broad class of heavy QCD axion models that address the strong CP and axion quality problems with axion masses above the dimuon threshold. We obtain new constraints at a 95% confidence level for heavy axions in the previously unexplored mass range of 0.2-0.9 GeV, for axion decay constants around tens of TeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Adams
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R T Co
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - B Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R Harnik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K J Kelly
- CERN, Esplande des Particules, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Z Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - K F Lyu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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7
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Abratenko P, Andrade Aldana D, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow J, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hicks R, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Irwin B, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Miller K, Mills J, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Nunes M, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Pophale I, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, St John J, Strauss T, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Constraints on Light Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Combined Appearance and Disappearance Searches with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:011801. [PMID: 36669216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for eV-scale sterile neutrino oscillations in the MicroBooNE liquid argon detector, simultaneously considering all possible appearance and disappearance effects within the 3+1 active-to-sterile neutrino oscillation framework. We analyze the neutrino candidate events for the recent measurements of charged-current ν_{e} and ν_{μ} interactions in the MicroBooNE detector, using data corresponding to an exposure of 6.37×10^{20} protons on target from the Fermilab booster neutrino beam. We observe no evidence of light sterile neutrino oscillations and derive exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level in the plane of the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2} and the sterile neutrino mixing angles θ_{μe} and θ_{ee}, excluding part of the parameter space allowed by experimental anomalies. Cancellation of ν_{e} appearance and ν_{e} disappearance effects due to the full 3+1 treatment of the analysis leads to a degeneracy when determining the oscillation parameters, which is discussed in this Letter and will be addressed by future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Andrade Aldana
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B Bogart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O G Finnerud
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Hicks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - B Irwin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M B Leibovitch
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Manivannan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - N Martinez
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - N Oza
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Pallat
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - H B Parkinson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - I Pophale
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ross-Lonergan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Taniuchi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Torbunov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Tyler
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A J White
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Abud AA, Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adames MR, Adamov G, Adamowski M, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Aduszkiewicz A, Aguilar J, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Aimard B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh B, Alion T, Allison K, Monsalve SA, AlRashed M, Alt C, Alton A, Alvarez R, Amedo P, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andreotti M, Andrews M, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Anfimov N, Ankowski A, Antoniassi M, Antonova M, Antoshkin A, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Arellano L, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Lara VA, Ayala-Torres M, Azfar F, Back A, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Bagaturia I, Bagby L, Balashov N, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Baller B, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Alzas PB, Barker G, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros A, Barros N, Barrow JL, Basharina-Freshville A, Bashyal A, Basque V, Batchelor C, Chagas EBD, Battat JBR, Battisti F, Bay F, Bazetto MCQ, Alba JLLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Beigbeder C, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benekos N, Montiel CB, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Bersani A, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Rodríguez AB, Bevan A, Bezawada Y, Bezerra TJC, Bhardwaj A, Bhatnagar V, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattarai D, Bhuller S, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Blaszczyk F, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bomben L, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonilla-Diaz C, Bonini F, Booth A, Boran F, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Bostan N, Bour P, Bourgeois C, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Branca A, Brandt A, Bremer J, Breton D, Brew C, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Brunetti M, Buchanan N, Budd H, Butorov I, Cagnoli I, Cai T, Caiulo D, Calabrese R, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carber D, Carceller JC, Carini G, Carlus B, Carneiro MF, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Carroll T, Forero JFC, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Catano-Mur E, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavallaro G, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chappell A, Chardonnet E, Charitonidis N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Neyra MSSC, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen-Wishart Z, Cheon Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chirco R, Chiriacescu A, Chisnall G, Cho K, Choate S, Chokheli D, Chong PS, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Chukanov A, Chung M, Church E, Cicero V, Clarke P, Cline G, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Colton N, Conley E, Conley R, Conrad J, Convery M, Copello S, Cova P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crisler M, Cristaldo E, Crnkovic J, Cross R, Cudd A, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dalager O, da Motta H, Da Silva Peres L, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De S, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, De Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, Delmonte N, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch GW, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Souza G, Devi R, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Domizio SD, Giulio LD, Ding P, Noto LD, Dirkx G, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Doering D, Dolan S, Dolek F, Dolinski M, Domine L, Donon Y, Douglas D, Douillet D, Dragone A, Drake G, Drielsma F, Duarte L, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Dutta B, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer D, Dyshkant A, Eads M, Earle A, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emberger L, Emery S, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Erjavec T, Escobar C, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Fani’ M, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Fedoseev D, Felix J, Feng Y, Fernandez-Martinez E, Menendez PF, Morales MF, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filip P, Filthaut F, Fiorini M, Fischer V, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fogarty S, Foreman W, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Robayo FF, Fuess S, Furic IK, Furman K, Furmanski AP, Gabrielli A, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallas A, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Ganacim F, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Gauvreau J, Ge G, Geffroy N, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Giammaria P, Giammaria T, Giangiacomi N, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Gilligan S, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Gran R, Granados E, Granger P, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Greenler L, Greer J, Grenard J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guardincerri E, Guarino V, Guarise M, Guenette R, Guerard E, Guerzoni M, Guffanti D, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Gupta A, Gupta V, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Ha C, Haaf K, Habig A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haiston J, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hartnett T, Harton J, Hasegawa T, Hasnip C, Hatcher R, Hatfield KW, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayes C, Hayrapetyan K, Hays J, Hazen E, He M, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hewes J, Hilgenberg C, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hinkle E, Hirsch LR, Ho J, Hoff J, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Hoyos J, Hristova I, Hronek MS, Huang J, Hulcher Z, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ingratta G, Ioannisian A, Irwin B, Isenhower L, Itay R, Jackson CM, Jain V, James E, Jang W, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jena D, Jeong YS, Jesús-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Johnson R, Johnson W, Johnston N, Jones B, Jones S, Judah M, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kakorin I, Kalitkina A, Kalra D, Kamiya F, Kaneshige N, Kaplan DM, Karagiorgi G, Karaman G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Kemularia O, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Klustova A, Kobilarcik T, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Koh DH, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kolupaeva L, Korablev D, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Kralik R, Kreczko L, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kropp W, Kroupova T, Kubota S, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar P, Kunze P, Kurita N, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Kvasnicka J, Kwak D, Lambert A, Land B, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Langstaff M, Larkin J, Lasorak P, Last D, Laundrie A, Laurenti G, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Lazzaroni M, Le T, Leardini S, Learned J, LeBrun P, LeCompte T, Lee C, Lee SY, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Lepin LM, Li SW, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin Q, Lin S, Lineros RA, Ling J, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Liu Y, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Lu XG, Luk KB, Lunday B, Luo X, Luppi E, Lux T, Luzio VP, Maalmi J, MacFarlane D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madera A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Major A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Mandujano RC, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Manyam VN, Manzanillas L, Marchan M, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marie R, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marsden D, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martín-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Miravé PM, Martynenko S, Mascagna V, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Matichard F, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mawby I, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McAskill T, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mena O, Mendez H, Mendez P, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mettler T, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Mikola V, Milincic R, Miller G, Miller W, Mills J, Mineev O, Minotti A, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mitchell M, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montagna E, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon SH, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moreno D, Moretti D, Morris C, Mossey C, Mote M, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mouster G, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Munford D, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Nath A, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newton H, Nichol R, Nicolas-Arnaldos F, Nikolica A, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Ochoa-Ricoux J, Olivier A, Olshevskiy A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Palacio G, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Vazquez WP, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Parke S, Parozzi E, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Perez AP, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Pia V, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pimentel VL, Pinaroli G, Plows K, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pompa F, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Poppi F, Pordes S, Porter J, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prest M, Prince S, Psihas F, Pugnere D, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotonandrasana A, Rakotondravohitra L, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Raut S, Razakamiandra RF, Rea EM, Real JS, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Sfar HR, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Ribas M, Riboldi S, Riccio C, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Ricol JS, Rigamonti A, Rigaut Y, Rincón EV, Ritchie-Yates H, Rivera D, Robert A, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Bonilla ER, Rondon JR, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rosenberg M, Rosier P, Roskovec B, Rossella M, Rossi M, Rout J, Roy P, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Ruterbories D, Rybnikov A, Saa-Hernandez A, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sakashita K, Sala P, Samios N, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sandberg V, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schefke T, Schellman H, Schifano S, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Schneider AW, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Selyunin A, Senise CR, Sensenig J, Sergi A, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shaker F, Shamma M, Sharankova R, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Shaw T, Shchablo K, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Sheshukov A, Shin S, Shoemaker I, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Siegel H, Simard L, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh L, Singh P, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Skarpaas K, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snider E, Snopok P, Snowden-Ifft D, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Sokolov S, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Sotnikov A, Soto-Oton J, Ugaldi FAS, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Stancari M, Stanco L, Stanford C, Stein R, Steiner HM, Lisbôa AFS, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Strigari L, Stuart A, Suarez JG, Sunción JMS, Sullivan H, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Tanaka H, Tang S, Tapia A, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tarpara E, Tata N, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tennessen P, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thakore T, Thea A, Thompson JL, Thorn C, Timm SC, Tishchenko V, Tomassetti L, Tonazzo A, Torbunov D, Torti M, Tortola M, Tortorici F, Tosi N, Totani D, Toups M, Touramanis C, Travaglini R, Trevor J, Trilov S, Trzaska WH, Tsai Y, Tsai YT, Tsamalaidze Z, Tsang KV, Tsverava N, Tufanli S, Tull C, Tyley E, Tzanov M, Uboldi L, Uchida MA, Urheim J, Usher T, Uzunyan S, Vagins MR, Vahle P, Valder S, Valdiviesso GDA, Valencia E, Valentim R, Vallari Z, Vallazza E, Valle JWF, Vallecorsa S, Berg RV, de Water RGV, Forero DV, Vannerom D, Varanini F, Oliva DV, Varner G, Vasel J, Vasina S, Vasseur G, Vaughan N, Vaziri K, Ventura S, Verdugo A, Vergani S, Vermeulen MA, Verzocchi M, Vicenzi M, de Souza HV, Vignoli C, Vilela C, Viren B, Vrba T, Wachala T, Waldron AV, Wallbank M, Wallis C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang MHLS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Warburton K, Warner D, Wascko MO, Waters D, Watson A, Wawrowska K, Weatherly P, Weber A, Weber M, Wei H, Weinstein A, Wenman D, Wetstein M, White A, Whitehead LH, Whittington D, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson A, Wilkinson C, Williams Z, Wilson F, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski W, Wolcott J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Wood K, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wresilo K, Wret C, Wu W, Wu W, Xiao Y, Xie F, Yaeggy B, Yandel E, Yang G, Yang K, Yang T, Yankelevich A, Yershov N, Yonehara K, Yoon YS, Young T, Yu B, Yu H, Yu H, Yu J, Yu Y, Yuan W, Zaki R, Zalesak J, Zambelli L, Zamorano B, Zani A, Zazueta L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zeug K, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhivun E, Zhu G, Zimmerman ED, Zucchelli S, Zuklin J, Zutshi V, Zwaska R. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:618. [PMID: 35859696 PMCID: PMC9288420 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abed Abud
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - M. R. Adames
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M. Adamowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - J. Aguilar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - B. Aimard
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. Allison
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. AlRashed
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Alton
- Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA
| | - R. Alvarez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Amedo
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Andreotti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L. Arellano
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - L. Asquith
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M. Ayala-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - A. Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - P. Barham Alzas
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - G. Barker
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - A. Barros
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Bashyal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Bay
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. C. Q. Bazetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Beigbeder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A. Bersani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Bevan
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - A. Bhardwaj
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Bhatnagar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T. 160014 India
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - D. Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Bhuller
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - F. Blaszczyk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Bomben
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - F. Boran
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - I. Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - I. Cagnoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - T. Cai
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Calabrese
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - T. Carroll
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E. Catano-Mur
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Cavallaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Cervera Villanueva
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Charitonidis
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | | | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Y. Cheon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choate
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Chokheli
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P. S. Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Cicero
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - G. Cline
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Colton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. Conley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - P. Cova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - L. Cremonesi
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Crisler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J. Crnkovic
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - A. Cudd
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - O. Dalager
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. De
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Delmonte
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - G. De Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - R. Devi
- University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - G. Dirkx
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - D. Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Dolek
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Dolinski
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Donon
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - D. Douillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Drake
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Duarte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - B. Dutta
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Dyshkant
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - A. Earle
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Emberger
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Max-Planck-Institut, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - T. Erjavec
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - C. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Fani’
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. Farnese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Fedoseev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Y. Feng
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - P. Fernandez Menendez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Filip
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fiorini
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. Fischer
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - S. Fogarty
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. K. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - K. Furman
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - F. Ganacim
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Gao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - M. Á. García-Peris
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Gauvreau
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA
| | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Geffroy
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - P. Giammaria
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Giammaria
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Gilligan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P. Granger
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - J. Grenard
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Groh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - M. Guarise
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - E. Guerard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Guffanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Gupta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - V. Gupta
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - C. Ha
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Haaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | | | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hartnett
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - J. Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - C. Hasnip
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - C. Hayes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - J. Hays
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. He
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hinkle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - L. R. Hirsch
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - J. Ho
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Holin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - M. Hostert
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hoyos
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | - I. Hristova
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. S. Hronek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Z. Hulcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Ingratta
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - B. Irwin
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - L. Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601 USA
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. M. Jackson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Jain
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - D. Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Jeong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - W. Johnson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - N. Johnston
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - M. Judah
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- Royal Holloway College, London, TW20 0EX UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - I. Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - N. Kaneshige
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - D. M. Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | - G. Karaman
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Klustova
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - D. H. Koh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - L. Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Kordosky
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - R. Kralik
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - L. Kreczko
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Kropp
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - T. Kroupova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Kubota
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. Kumar
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - P. Kunze
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - N. Kurita
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D. Kwak
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Land
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - M. Langstaff
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Lazzaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - S. Leardini
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T. LeCompte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - L. M. Lepin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Q. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Liu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - X.-G. Lu
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Lunday
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - E. Luppi
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Maalmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - A. Madera
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Major
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - V. N. Manyam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Manzanillas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Marchan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Marie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - D. Marsden
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martín-Albo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - P. Martínez Miravé
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - V. Mascagna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - F. Matichard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - I. Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | - P. Mendez
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Mettler
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Mikola
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - G. Miller
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Minotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Mitchell
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - L. Molina Bueno
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. Montagna
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montañno Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. H. Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. F. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Moretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Mote
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Mouster
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Munford
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - A. Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | | | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - J. K. Nelson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Newton
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | | | - A. Nikolica
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. Onishchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - G. Palacio
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Parozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Pascoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. Pena Perez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Pia
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - V. L. Pimentel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, Campinas, SP CEP 13069-901 Brazil
| | - G. Pinaroli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Plows
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Pompa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Poppi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Porter
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Prest
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - F. Psihas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Raut
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - E. M. Rea
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Rejeb Sfar
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - M. Ribas
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - S. Riboldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Riccio
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. S. Ricol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - D. Rivera
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - A. Robert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Rosier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Roskovec
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Roy
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Rybnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - O. Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - V. Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schefke
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - S. Schifano
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. W. Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - A. Selyunin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - C. R. Senise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - F. Shaker
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Shchablo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A. Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | | | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - H. Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Sinclair
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - L. Singh
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - P. Singh
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - E. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - S. Sokolov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | | | - S. R. Soleti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - R. Stein
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Strigari
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - H. Sullivan
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - H. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Tapia
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tarpara
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. Tata
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - P. Tennessen
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - T. Thakore
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - L. Tomassetti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - D. Torbunov
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Totani
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - R. Travaglini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - Y. Tsai
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Uboldi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - S. Valder
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - E. Valencia
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R. Valentim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Vallazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - D. Vannerom
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas Oliva
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Vasina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. Vaughan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - H. Vieira de Souza
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Wallis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - L. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Wawrowska
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Xie
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - B. Yaeggy
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - E. Yandel
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Yang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Yoon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - W. Yuan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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Abratenko P, An R, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Cianci D, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Evans JJ, Fine R, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Genty V, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kaleko D, Kalra D, Kamp N, Kaneshige N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nebot-Guinot M, Neely RK, Newmark DA, Nowak J, Nunes M, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Patel N, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rice LCJ, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Terao K, Thomson M, Thorpe C, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Uchida MA, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Search for an Excess of Electron Neutrino Interactions in MicroBooNE Using Multiple Final-State Topologies. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:241801. [PMID: 35776450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of ν_{e} interactions from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber to address the nature of the excess of low energy interactions observed by the MiniBooNE Collaboration. Three independent ν_{e} searches are performed across multiple single electron final states, including an exclusive search for two-body scattering events with a single proton, a semi-inclusive search for pionless events, and a fully inclusive search for events containing all hadronic final states. With differing signal topologies, statistics, backgrounds, reconstruction algorithms, and analysis approaches, the results are found to be either consistent with or modestly lower than the nominal ν_{e} rate expectations from the Booster Neutrino Beam and no excess of ν_{e} events is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - V Basque
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini Aguirre
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - V Genty
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kaleko
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Kaneshige
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - R LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Lister
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Manivannan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - R K Neely
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Newmark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - A Paudel
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L C J Rice
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - B Russell
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - S R Soleti
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Thomson
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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10
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Abratenko P, An R, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Cianci D, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Kaneshige N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nebot-Guinot M, Neely RK, Newmark DA, Nowak J, Nunes M, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Patel N, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rice LCJ, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Terao K, Thorpe C, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Uchida MA, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Measurement of Energy-Dependent Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on Argon with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:151801. [PMID: 35499871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy-dependent total charged-current cross section σ(E_{ν}) for inclusive muon neutrinos scattering on argon, as well as measurements of flux-averaged differential cross sections as a function of muon energy and hadronic energy transfer (ν). Data corresponding to 5.3×10^{19} protons on target of exposure were collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located in the Fermilab booster neutrino beam with a mean neutrino energy of approximately 0.8 GeV. The mapping between the true neutrino energy E_{ν} and reconstructed neutrino energy E_{ν}^{rec} and between the energy transfer ν and reconstructed hadronic energy E_{had}^{rec} are validated by comparing the data and Monte Carlo (MC) predictions. In particular, the modeling of the missing hadronic energy and its associated uncertainties are verified by a new method that compares the E_{had}^{rec} distributions between data and a MC prediction after constraining the reconstructed muon kinematic distributions, energy, and polar angle to those of data. The success of this validation gives confidence that the missing energy in the MicroBooNE detector is well modeled and underpins first-time measurements of both the total cross section σ(E_{ν}) and the differential cross section dσ/dν on argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - V Basque
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini Aguirre
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Kaneshige
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Li
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Manivannan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - R K Neely
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Newmark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - A Paudel
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L C J Rice
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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11
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Abratenko P, An R, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Cianci D, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Kaneshige N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Murrells R, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nebot-Guinot M, Neely RK, Newmark DA, Nowak J, Nunes M, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Patel N, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rice LCJ, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Terao K, Thorpe C, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Uchida MA, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Search for Neutrino-Induced Neutral-Current Δ Radiative Decay in MicroBooNE and a First Test of the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess under a Single-Photon Hypothesis. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:111801. [PMID: 35363017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report results from a search for neutrino-induced neutral current (NC) resonant Δ(1232) baryon production followed by Δ radiative decay, with a ⟨0.8⟩ GeV neutrino beam. Data corresponding to MicroBooNE's first three years of operations (6.80×10^{20} protons on target) are used to select single-photon events with one or zero protons and without charged leptons in the final state (1γ1p and 1γ0p, respectively). The background is constrained via an in situ high-purity measurement of NC π^{0} events, made possible via dedicated 2γ1p and 2γ0p selections. A total of 16 and 153 events are observed for the 1γ1p and 1γ0p selections, respectively, compared to a constrained background prediction of 20.5±3.65(syst) and 145.1±13.8(syst) events. The data lead to a bound on an anomalous enhancement of the normalization of NC Δ radiative decay of less than 2.3 times the predicted nominal rate for this process at the 90% confidence level (C.L.). The measurement disfavors a candidate photon interpretation of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess as a factor of 3.18 times the nominal NC Δ radiative decay rate at the 94.8% C.L., in favor of the nominal prediction, and represents a greater than 50-fold improvement over the world's best limit on single-photon production in NC interactions in the sub-GeV neutrino energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - L Arellano
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - V Basque
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P Detje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini Aguirre
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Kaneshige
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - R LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Manivannan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - R Murrells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Nebot-Guinot
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - R K Neely
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D A Newmark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - N Patel
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - A Paudel
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L C J Rice
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H W Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Ciani GF, Csedreki L, Rapagnani D, Aliotta M, Balibrea-Correa J, Barile F, Bemmerer D, Best A, Boeltzig A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Cavanna F, Chillery T, Colombetti P, Corvisiero P, Cristallo S, Davinson T, Depalo R, Di Leva A, Elekes Z, Ferraro F, Fiore E, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Lugaro M, Marigo P, Masha E, Menegazzo R, Mossa V, Pantaleo FR, Paticchio V, Perrino R, Piatti D, Prati P, Schiavulli L, Stöckel K, Straniero O, Szücs T, Takács MP, Terrasi F, Vescovi D, Zavatarelli S. Direct Measurement of the ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O Cross Section into the s-Process Gamow Peak. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:152701. [PMID: 34677992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the main neutron sources for the astrophysical s process is the reaction ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O, taking place in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars at temperatures around 90 MK. To model the nucleosynthesis during this process the reaction cross section needs to be known in the 150-230 keV energy window (Gamow peak). At these sub-Coulomb energies, cross section direct measurements are severely affected by the low event rate, making us rely on input from indirect methods and extrapolations from higher-energy direct data. This leads to an uncertainty in the cross section at the relevant energies too high to reliably constrain the nuclear physics input to s-process calculations. We present the results from a new deep-underground measurement of ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O, covering the energy range 230-300 keV, with drastically reduced uncertainties over previous measurements and for the first time providing data directly inside the s-process Gamow peak. Selected stellar models have been computed to estimate the impact of our revised reaction rate. For stars of nearly solar composition, we find sizeable variations of some isotopes, whose production is influenced by the activation of close-by branching points that are sensitive to the neutron density, in particular, the two radioactive nuclei ^{60}Fe and ^{205}Pb, as well as ^{152}Gd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Ciani
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Csedreki
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D Rapagnani
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Aliotta
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Balibrea-Correa
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Barile
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Best
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Broggini
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C G Bruno
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Caciolli
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cavanna
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - T Chillery
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P Colombetti
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Cristallo
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- INFN, Sezione of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Depalo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Di Leva
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - F Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Fiore
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A Formicola
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Gustavino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gy Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Junker
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Lugaro
- Institute of Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Marigo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Masha
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Menegazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Mossa
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - F R Pantaleo
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - R Perrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Piatti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Prati
- Università degli Studi di Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Schiavulli
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - K Stöckel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - O Straniero
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - T Szücs
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M P Takács
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Terrasi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli" (Caserta), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - D Vescovi
- INFN, Sezione of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - S Zavatarelli
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
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13
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Abratenko P, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Cianci D, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Devitt D, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hall E, Hen O, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kamp N, Kaneshige N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Neely RK, Nowak J, Nunes M, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rice LCJ, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rogers HE, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Siegel H, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thorpe C, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Uchida MA, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Search for a Higgs Portal Scalar Decaying to Electron-Positron Pairs in the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:151803. [PMID: 34678031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for the decays of a neutral scalar boson produced by kaons decaying at rest, in the context of the Higgs portal model, using the MicroBooNE detector. We analyze data triggered in time with the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beam spill, with an exposure of 1.93×10^{20} protons on target. We look for monoenergetic scalars that come from the direction of the NuMI hadron absorber, at a distance of 100 m from the detector, and decay to electron-positron pairs. We observe one candidate event, with a standard model background prediction of 1.9±0.8. We set an upper limit on the scalar-Higgs mixing angle of θ<(3.3-4.6)×10^{-4} at the 95% confidence level for scalar boson masses in the range (100-200) MeV/c^{2}. We exclude, at the 95% confidence level, the remaining model parameters required to explain the central value of a possible excess of K_{L}^{0}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] decays reported by the KOTO collaboration. We also provide a model-independent limit on a new boson X produced in K→πX decays and decaying to e^{+}e^{-}.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - V Basque
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Y Book
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J I Crespo-Anadón
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - D Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
| | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Fine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini Aguirre
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ge
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Hagaman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E Hall
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Kaneshige
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - R LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Lin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - K Manivannan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mora Lepin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R K Neely
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Nunes
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A Paudel
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - I D Ponce-Pinto
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L C J Rice
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Shi
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - D Totani
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N Wright
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Yandel
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Basque V, Cavanna F, de Gouvêa A, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming B, Green P, James C, Kelly KJ, Lepetic I, Luo X, Palamara O, Scanavini G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc AM, Wu W, Yang T. New Constraints on Tau-Coupled Heavy Neutral Leptons with Masses m_{N}=280-970 MeV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:121801. [PMID: 34597110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A search for heavy neutral leptons has been performed with the ArgoNeuT detector exposed to the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We search for the decay signature N→νμ^{+}μ^{-}, considering decays occurring both inside ArgoNeuT and in the upstream cavern. In the data, corresponding to an exposure to 1.25×10^{20} POT, zero passing events are observed consistent with the expected background. This measurement leads to a new constraint at 90% confidence level on the mixing angle |U_{τN}|^{2} of tau-coupled Dirac heavy neutral leptons with masses m_{N}=280-970 MeV, assuming |U_{eN}|^{2}=|U_{μN}|^{2}=0.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Adams
- Argonne National Lab, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Basque
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A de Gouvêa
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - B Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K J Kelly
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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15
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Abratenko P, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Conrad J, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón J, Del Tutto M, Dennis S, Devitt D, Diurba R, Domine L, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Evans J, Fiorentini Aguirre G, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski A, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hall E, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hill C, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Itay R, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo J, Johnson R, Jwa YJ, Kamp N, Kaneshige N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Littlejohn B, Lorca D, Louis W, Luo X, Marchionni A, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo D, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor A, Moore C, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Neely R, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto I, Porzio D, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf J, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rogers H, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz M, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider E, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John J, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc A, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thorpe C, Toups M, Tsai YT, Uchida M, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates L, Zeller G, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Measurement of the flux-averaged inclusive charged-current electron neutrino and antineutrino cross section on argon using the NuMI beam and the MicroBooNE detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abratenko P, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Conrad J, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón J, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Diurba R, Domine L, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Evans J, Fiorentini Aguirre G, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski A, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hall E, Hamilton P, Hen O, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, Itay R, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo J, Johnson R, Jwa YJ, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Littlejohn B, Lorca D, Louis W, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo D, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor A, Moore C, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Neely R, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto I, Porzio D, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf J, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rogers H, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Shaevitz M, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider E, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John J, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc A, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thorpe C, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Uchida M, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wu W, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates L, Zeller G, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Convolutional neural network for multiple particle identification in the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adamov G, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Alion T, Monsalve SA, Alt C, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andrews MP, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Ankowski A, Antonova M, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Ariga A, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Azfar F, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Baesso P, Bagby L, Bajou R, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Barker GJ, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros N, Barrow JL, Bashyal A, Basque V, Bay F, Alba JLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Belver D, Benekos N, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Berns H, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Bezawada Y, Bhattacharjee M, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Siffert BB, Blaszczyk FDM, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonini F, Booth A, Booth C, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Boschi T, Bostan N, Bour P, Boyd SB, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Brandt A, Bremer J, Brew C, Brianne E, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooijmans G, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Buchanan N, Budd H, Caiulo D, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Camilleri L, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carini G, Carlus B, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chang C, Chardonnet E, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chaves J, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chiriacescu A, Cho K, Choubey S, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Church E, Clarke P, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Conley E, Conrad JM, Convery M, Corwin L, Cotte P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Cristaldo E, Cross R, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dabrowski M, da Motta H, Peres LDS, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De Almeida RM, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, de Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch G, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Vries JJ, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Di Domizio S, Di Giulio L, Ding P, Di Noto L, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Dokania N, Dolinski MJ, Domine L, Douglas D, Drielsma F, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Durkin T, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer DA, Dyshkant AS, Eads M, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emery S, Ereditato A, Escobar CO, Sanchez LE, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Felix J, Fernandez-Martinez E, Fernandez Menendez P, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filkins A, Filthaut F, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Fuess S, Furic I, Furmanski AP, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Ge G, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Cuevas JA, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Graham M, Gramellini E, Gran R, Granados E, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Green S, Greenler L, Greenwood M, Greer J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guarino V, Guenette R, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Habig A, Hackenburg A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haigh J, Haiston J, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harder K, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hasegawa T, Hatcher R, Hazen E, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Hennessy K, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hertel L, Hesam AS, Hewes J, Higuera A, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hoff J, Hohl C, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Huang J, Huang J, Hugon J, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ioannisian A, Itay R, Izmaylov A, James E, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jesùs-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Joglekar A, Johnson C, Johnson R, Jones B, Jones S, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kamiya F, Karagiorgi G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar R, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Lambert A, Lande K, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Lasorak P, Last D, Lastoria C, Laundrie A, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Le T, Learned J, LeBrun P, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Leyton M, Li L, Li S, Li SW, Li T, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin S, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Loo K, Lorca D, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Luk KB, Luo X, Lurkin N, Lux T, Luzio VP, MacFarland D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Martynenko S, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Masud M, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mellinato M, Mena O, Menary S, Mendez H, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Migenda J, Milincic R, Miller W, Mills J, Milne C, Mineev O, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor A, Moreno D, Morgan B, Morris C, Mossey C, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Navas-Nicolás D, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Necib L, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newhart D, Nichol R, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Del Campo AO, Olivier A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Pakvasa S, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Park JC, Parke S, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Penichot Y, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pillow J, Pinzino J, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Pordes S, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prince S, Prior G, Pugnere D, Qi K, Qian X, Raaf JL, Raboanary R, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotondramanana HT, Rakotondravohitra L, Ramachers YA, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Ravat S, Razafinime H, Real JS, Rebel B, Redondo D, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Rehak T, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Reynolds A, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Rielage K, Rigaut Y, Rivera D, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Rondon JR, Roeth AJ, Rogers H, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rossella M, Rout J, Roy S, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Russell J, Ruterbories D, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sala P, Samios N, Sanchez MC, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schaffer T, Schellman H, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Sensenig J, Seong I, Sergi A, Sergiampietri F, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shamma M, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Shaw T, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Shin S, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Simard L, Simos N, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Smargianaki D, Smith A, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snopok P, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Soto-Oton J, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Staley R, Stancari M, Stanco L, Steiner HM, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stocks D, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Striganov S, Stuart A, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Talaga R, Tanaka HA, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thea A, Thompson JL, Thorn C, Timm SC, Todd J, Tonazzo A, Torti M, Tortola M, Tortorici F, Totani D, Toups M, Touramanis C, Trevor J, Trzaska WH, Tsai YT, Tsamalaidze Z, Tsang KV, Tsverava N, Tufanli S, Tull C, Tyley E, Tzanov M, Uchida MA, Urheim J, Usher T, Vagins MR, Vahle P, Valdiviesso GA, Valencia E, Vallari Z, Valle JWF, Vallecorsa S, Berg RV, de Water RGV, Forero DV, Varanini F, Vargas D, Varner G, Vasel J, Vasseur G, Vaziri K, Ventura S, Verdugo A, Vergani S, Vermeulen MA, 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Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:322. [PMID: 34720713 PMCID: PMC8550327 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
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Grants
- MR/T019530/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/T041323/1 Medical Research Council
- MSMT, Czech Republic
- NRF, South Korea
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- SERI, Switzerland
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- U.S. Department of Energy
- CERN
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu
- The Royal Society, United Kingdom
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- U.S. NSF
- FCT, Portugal
- CEA, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, France
- European Regional Development Fund
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- H2020-EU, European Union
- IPP, Canada
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- CAM, Spain
- MSCA, European Union
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Fundacção de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Fundacion “La Caixa” Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. P. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Ariga
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - P. Baesso
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Bajou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - A. Bashyal
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - F. Bay
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Belver
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - H. Berns
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - B. Blanco Siffert
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | | | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - C. Booth
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - T. Boschi
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - S. B. Boyd
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Brianne
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | | | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, 11022 Colombia
| | | | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Chang
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Chaves
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choubey
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - P. Cotte
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | | | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - M. Dabrowski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. M. De Almeida
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - G. Deptuch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - N. Dokania
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Durkin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. A. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - S. Emery
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - C. O. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Farnese
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Filkins
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Green
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Greenwood
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - M. Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | | | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haigh
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - K. Harder
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - K. Hennessy
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Hertel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. S. Hesam
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Higuera
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Hohl
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Holin
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - J. Hugon
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. Joglekar
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - C. Johnson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | | | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Kordosky
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Lande
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. Lastoria
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Leyton
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Li
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - K. Loo
- University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D. Lorca
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - N. Lurkin
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - D. MacFarland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martin-Albo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - M. Masud
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Mellinato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Menary
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Migenda
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - C. Milne
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montano Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - B. Morgan
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - D. Navas-Nicolás
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - L. Necib
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | | | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Newhart
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Pakvasa
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - J. C. Park
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | | | - Y. Penichot
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - J. Pillow
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Pinzino
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - G. Prior
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K. Qi
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Raboanary
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Ravat
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H. Razafinime
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Redondo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T. Rehak
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Rivera
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Rogers
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - S. Roy
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Russell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schaffer
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - I. Seong
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonrabuk-do 54896 South Korea
| | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - N. Simos
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - G. Sinev
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | | | - A. Smith
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - M. Soares Nunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - R. Staley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Stocks
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Striganov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R. Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - H. A. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Todd
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Totani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. A. Valdiviesso
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400 Brazil
| | - E. Valencia
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - G. Vasseur
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - M. R. While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | | | - K. Wood
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Wood
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada and CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - M. Zito
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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18
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Mossa V, Stöckel K, Cavanna F, Ferraro F, Aliotta M, Barile F, Bemmerer D, Best A, Boeltzig A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Chillery T, Ciani GF, Corvisiero P, Csedreki L, Davinson T, Depalo R, Di Leva A, Elekes Z, Fiore EM, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Kievsky A, Kochanek I, Lugaro M, Marcucci LE, Mangano G, Marigo P, Masha E, Menegazzo R, Pantaleo FR, Paticchio V, Perrino R, Piatti D, Pisanti O, Prati P, Schiavulli L, Straniero O, Szücs T, Takács MP, Trezzi D, Viviani M, Zavatarelli S. The baryon density of the Universe from an improved rate of deuterium burning. Nature 2020; 587:210-213. [PMID: 33177669 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Light elements were produced in the first few minutes of the Universe through a sequence of nuclear reactions known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN)1,2. Among the light elements produced during BBN1,2, deuterium is an excellent indicator of cosmological parameters because its abundance is highly sensitive to the primordial baryon density and also depends on the number of neutrino species permeating the early Universe. Although astronomical observations of primordial deuterium abundance have reached percent accuracy3, theoretical predictions4-6 based on BBN are hampered by large uncertainties on the cross-section of the deuterium burning D(p,γ)3He reaction. Here we show that our improved cross-sections of this reaction lead to BBN estimates of the baryon density at the 1.6 percent level, in excellent agreement with a recent analysis of the cosmic microwave background7. Improved cross-section data were obtained by exploiting the negligible cosmic-ray background deep underground at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy)8,9. We bombarded a high-purity deuterium gas target10 with an intense proton beam from the LUNA 400-kilovolt accelerator11 and detected the γ-rays from the nuclear reaction under study with a high-purity germanium detector. Our experimental results settle the most uncertain nuclear physics input to BBN calculations and substantially improve the reliability of using primordial abundances to probe the physics of the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mossa
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - K Stöckel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Cavanna
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - F Ferraro
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Aliotta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Barile
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Best
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.,INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | | | - C G Bruno
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Caciolli
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - T Chillery
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G F Ciani
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.,INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Csedreki
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.,INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Depalo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Di Leva
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary
| | - E M Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Formicola
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - G Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Junker
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | | | - I Kochanek
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - M Lugaro
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L E Marcucci
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi", Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Mangano
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - P Marigo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E Masha
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F R Pantaleo
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - R Perrino
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Piatti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - O Pisanti
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - P Prati
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Schiavulli
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - O Straniero
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Assergi, Italy.,INAF Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Teramo, Italy
| | - T Szücs
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - M P Takács
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Trezzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
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19
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Abratenko P, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen EO, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Diurba R, Domine L, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Evans JJ, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu L, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hall E, Hamilton P, Hen O, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Huang EC, Itay R, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li K, Li Y, Littlejohn BR, Lorca D, Louis WC, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Neely RK, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Porzio D, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rafique A, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rogers HE, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thornton RT, Thorpe C, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Uchida MA, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water RG, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wu W, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Measurement of Differential Charged Current Quasielasticlike ν_{μ}-Argon Scattering Cross Sections with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:201803. [PMID: 33258649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.201803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of flux-integrated single differential cross sections for charged-current (CC) muon neutrino (ν_{μ}) scattering on argon with a muon and a proton in the final state, ^{40}Ar (ν_{μ},μp)X. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector with an exposure of 4.59×10^{19} protons on target. Events are selected to enhance the contribution of CC quasielastic (CCQE) interactions. The data are reported in terms of a total cross section as well as single differential cross sections in final state muon and proton kinematics. We measure the integrated per-nucleus CCQE-like cross section (i.e., for interactions leading to a muon, one proton, and no pions above detection threshold) of (4.93±0.76_{stat}±1.29_{sys})×10^{-38} cm^{2}, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The single differential cross sections are also in overall good agreement with theoretical predictions, except at very forward muon scattering angles that correspond to low-momentum-transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Alrashed
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - V Basque
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhanderi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - E Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - E O Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R Diurba
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Dorrill
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | | | | | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G A Fiorentini Aguirre
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Foppiani
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Franco
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - S Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Green
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Gu
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Hall
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Hamilton
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E-C Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Jan de Vries
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - R LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - K Li
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - D Lorca
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Marcocci
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Marsden
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Marshall
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J Martin-Albo
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - N McConkey
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - K Miller
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A F Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Navrer-Agasson
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R K Neely
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - P Nienaber
- Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota 55987, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A Paudel
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | - D Porzio
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Reggiani-Guzzo
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Rodriguez Rondon
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - B Russell
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - S R Soleti
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R T Thornton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Thorpe
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Tufanli
- Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M A Uchida
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R G Van de Water
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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20
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Edmunds D, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming B, Harnik R, James C, Lepetic I, Littlejohn BR, Liu Z, Luo X, Palamara O, Scanavini G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc AM, Wu W, Yang T. Improved Limits on Millicharged Particles Using the ArgoNeuT Experiment at Fermilab. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:131801. [PMID: 32302167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A search for millicharged particles, a simple extension of the standard model, has been performed with the ArgoNeuT detector exposed to the Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam at Fermilab. The ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chamber detector enables a search for millicharged particles through the detection of visible electron recoils. We search for an event signature with two soft hits (MeV-scale energy depositions) aligned with the upstream target. For an exposure of the detector of 1.0×10^{20} protons on target, one candidate event has been observed, compatible with the expected background. This search is sensitive to millicharged particles with charges between 10^{-3}e and 10^{-1}e and with masses in the range from 0.1 to 3 GeV. This measurement provides leading constraints on millicharged particles in this large unexplored parameter space region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Adams
- Argonne National Lab, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - B Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R Harnik
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Lepetic
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - X Luo
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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21
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Abratenko P, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Basque V, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhat A, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen E, Conrad J, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón J, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Domine L, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Evans J, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski A, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu L, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hill C, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, Itay R, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo J, Johnson R, Joshi J, Jwa YJ, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, LaZur R, Lepetic I, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn B, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis W, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo D, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Mettler T, Miller K, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore C, Mousseau J, Murrells R, Naples D, Neely R, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Pandey V, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Paudel A, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Prince S, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf J, Radeka V, Rafique A, Ren L, Rochester L, Rogers H, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz M, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider E, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc A, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thornton R, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Uchida M, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water R, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Wickremasinghe D, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Wospakrik M, Wu W, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates L, Zeller G, Zennamo J, Zhang C. Search for heavy neutral leptons decaying into muon-pion pairs in the MicroBooNE detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Abratenko P, Adams C, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Auger M, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Bass M, Bay F, Bhat A, Bhattacharya K, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Carr R, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen EO, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Diaz A, Domine L, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Esquivel J, Evans JJ, Fitzpatrick RS, Fleming BT, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Greenlee H, Grosso R, Gu L, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hackenburg A, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hill C, Horton-Smith GA, Hourlier A, Huang EC, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Johnson RA, Joshi J, Jostlein H, Jwa YJ, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Lepetic I, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis WC, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Meddage V, Mettler T, Mills J, Mistry K, Mogan A, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore CD, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Murrells R, Naples D, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Pandey V, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf JL, Rafique A, Ren L, Rochester L, Rogers HE, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, Stancari M, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thomson M, Thornton RT, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water RG, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Wickremasinghe DA, Wierman K, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Wu W, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates LE, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Measurement of Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged Current Differential Cross Sections on Argon at E_{ν}∼0.8 GeV with the MicroBooNE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:131801. [PMID: 31697542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the double-differential and total muon neutrino charged current inclusive cross sections on argon at a mean neutrino energy of 0.8 GeV. Data were collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located in the Fermilab Booster neutrino beam and correspond to 1.6×10^{20} protons on target of exposure. The measured differential cross sections are presented as a function of muon momentum, using multiple Coulomb scattering as a momentum measurement technique, and the muon angle with respect to the beam direction. We compare the measured cross sections to multiple neutrino event generators and find better agreement with those containing more complete treatment of quasielastic scattering processes at low Q^{2}. The total flux integrated cross section is measured to be 0.693±0.010(stat)±0.165(syst)×10^{-38} cm^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abratenko
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C Adams
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Alrashed
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - R An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - J Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Ashkenazi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Auger
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bass
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Bay
- TUBITAK Space Technologies Research Institute, METU Campus, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Bhat
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Bhattacharya
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - L Camilleri
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Caro Terrazas
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R Carr
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - E Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - E O Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - G H Collin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Cooper-Troendle
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | - M Del Tutto
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - A Diaz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - B Eberly
- Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | | | | | - J Esquivel
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J J Evans
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - B T Fleming
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D Franco
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A P Furmanski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Garcia-Gamez
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - V Genty
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - D Goeldi
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - S Gollapinni
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - O Goodwin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Grosso
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Gu
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Guzowski
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Hackenburg
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Hamilton
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - O Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Hill
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E-C Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Jan de Vries
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - X Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Jiang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J Joshi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - H Jostlein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-J Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kreslo
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - I Lepetic
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Y Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Lister
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B R Littlejohn
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Lorca
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Luethi
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - B Lundberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Luo
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Marcocci
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Marshall
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J Martin-Albo
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - K Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Mastbaum
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - V Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Mettler
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - J Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Mistry
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Mogan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - C D Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - R Murrells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - P Nienaber
- Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota 55987, USA
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - O Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Pandey
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - V Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Papavassiliou
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - S F Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Z Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - D Porzio
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Pulliam
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - X Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J L Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - L Ren
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | | | | - B Russell
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - G Scanavini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Seligman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M H Shaevitz
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - R Sharankova
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Sinclair
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E L Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - S R Soleti
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - P Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J St John
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Sutton
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - S Sword-Fehlberg
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - W Tang
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Thomson
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - R T Thornton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Tufanli
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - T Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R G Van de Water
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Weber
- Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - H Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - K Wierman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Z Williams
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Woodruff
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - W Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Yarbrough
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L E Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
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23
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Adams C, Alrashed M, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Auger M, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Bass M, Bay F, Bhat A, Bhattacharya K, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Carr R, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen H, Chen Y, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen E, Collin G, Conrad J, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón J, Del Tutto M, Devitt D, Diaz A, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Esquivel J, Evans J, Fadeeva A, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Franco D, Furmanski A, Garcia-Gamez D, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Greenlee H, Grosso R, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hackenburg A, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hewes J, Hill C, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, James C, Jan de Vries J, Ji X, Jiang L, Johnson R, Joshi J, Jostlein H, Jwa YJ, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Lepetic I, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn B, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis W, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Marcocci S, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martin-Albo J, Martinez Caicedo D, Mastbaum A, Meddage V, Mettler T, Mistry K, Mogan A, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore C, Mousseau J, Murphy M, Murrells R, Naples D, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Pandey V, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf J, Rafique A, Ren L, Rochester L, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Scanavini G, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz M, Sharankova R, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider E, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti S, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, John JS, Strauss T, Sutton K, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc A, Tagg N, Tang W, Terao K, Thomson M, Thornton R, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water R, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, Wickremasinghe D, Wierman K, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Yang T, Yarbrough G, Yates L, Zeller G, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First measurement of
νμ
charged-current
π0
production on argon with the MicroBooNE detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Ferrari A, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Hackenburg A, Horton-Smith G, James C, Lang K, Lantz M, Lepetic I, Littlejohn B, Luo X, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Rebel B, Sala P, Scanavini G, Schukraft A, Smirnov G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc A, Weber M, Wu W, Yang T, Zeller G. Demonstration of MeV-scale physics in liquid argon time projection chambers using ArgoNeuT. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Ferraro F, Takács MP, Piatti D, Cavanna F, Depalo R, Aliotta M, Bemmerer D, Best A, Boeltzig A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Chillery T, Ciani GF, Corvisiero P, Davinson T, D'Erasmo G, Di Leva A, Elekes Z, Fiore EM, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Karakas A, Kochanek I, Lugaro M, Marigo P, Menegazzo R, Mossa V, Pantaleo FR, Paticchio V, Perrino R, Prati P, Schiavulli L, Stöckel K, Straniero O, Szücs T, Trezzi D, Zavatarelli S. Direct Capture Cross Section and the E_{p}=71 and 105 keV Resonances in the ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na Reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:172701. [PMID: 30411966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.172701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na reaction, part of the neon-sodium cycle of hydrogen burning, may explain the observed anticorrelation between sodium and oxygen abundances in globular cluster stars. Its rate is controlled by a number of low-energy resonances and a slowly varying nonresonant component. Three new resonances at E_{p}=156.2, 189.5, and 259.7 keV have recently been observed and confirmed. However, significant uncertainty on the reaction rate remains due to the nonresonant process and to two suggested resonances at E_{p}=71 and 105 keV. Here, new ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na data with high statistics and low background are reported. Stringent upper limits of 6×10^{-11} and 7×10^{-11} eV (90% confidence level), respectively, are placed on the two suggested resonances. In addition, the off-resonant S factor has been measured at unprecedented low energy, constraining the contributions from a subthreshold resonance and the direct capture process. As a result, at a temperature of 0.1 GK the error bar of the ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na rate is now reduced by 3 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M P Takács
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Piatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cavanna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - R Depalo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Aliotta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Best
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Broggini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C G Bruno
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Caciolli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Chillery
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G F Ciani
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G D'Erasmo
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A Di Leva
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Atomki), PO Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - E M Fiore
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A Formicola
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Atomki), PO Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Gustavino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gy Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Atomki), PO Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Junker
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - A Karakas
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - I Kochanek
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - M Lugaro
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Marigo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Menegazzo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Mossa
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - F R Pantaleo
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - V Paticchio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - R Perrino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - P Prati
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Schiavulli
- Università degli Studi di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - K Stöckel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - O Straniero
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - T Szücs
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Atomki), PO Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D Trezzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zavatarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
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26
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Hackenburg A, Horton-Smith G, James C, Lang K, Lepetic I, Littlejohn B, Luo X, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Rebel B, Schukraft A, Scanavini G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc A, Weber M, Wu W, Yang T, Zeller G. First measurement of the cross section for
νμ
and
ν¯μ
induced single charged pion production on argon using ArgoNeuT. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Cavanna F, Depalo R, Aliotta M, Anders M, Bemmerer D, Best A, Boeltzig A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Corvisiero P, Davinson T, di Leva A, Elekes Z, Ferraro F, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Menegazzo R, Mossa V, Pantaleo FR, Prati P, Scott DA, Somorjai E, Straniero O, Strieder F, Szücs T, Takács MP, Trezzi D. Erratum: Three New Low-Energy Resonances in the ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na Reaction [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 252501 (2015)]. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:239901. [PMID: 29932705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.239901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.252501.
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28
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Acciarri R, Adams C, An R, Anthony J, Asaadi J, Auger M, Bagby L, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barnes C, Barr G, Bass M, Bay F, Bishai M, Blake A, Bolton T, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Carls B, Castillo Fernandez R, Cavanna F, Chen H, Church E, Cianci D, Cohen E, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Convery M, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Devitt A, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Escudero Sanchez L, Esquivel J, Fadeeva AA, Fleming BT, Foreman W, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Garvey GT, Genty V, Goeldi D, Gollapinni S, Graf N, Gramellini E, Greenlee H, Grosso R, Guenette R, Hackenburg A, Hamilton P, Hen O, Hewes J, Hill C, Ho J, Horton-Smith G, Hourlier A, Huang EC, James C, Jan de Vries J, Jen CM, Jiang L, Johnson RA, Joshi J, Jostlein H, Kaleko D, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby B, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Laube A, Li Y, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Lockwitz S, Lorca D, Louis WC, Luethi M, Lundberg B, Luo X, Marchionni A, Mariani C, Marshall J, Martinez Caicedo DA, Meddage V, Miceli T, Mills GB, Moon J, Mooney M, Moore CD, Mousseau J, Murrells R, Naples D, Nienaber P, Nowak J, Palamara O, Paolone V, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Porzio D, Pulliam G, Qian X, Raaf JL, Rafique A, Rochester L, Rudolf von Rohr C, Russell B, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sinclair J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Spentzouris P, Spitz J, St. John J, Strauss T, Szelc AM, Tagg N, Terao K, Thomson M, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Usher T, Van De Pontseele W, Van de Water RG, Viren B, Weber M, Wickremasinghe DA, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Woodruff K, Yang T, Yates L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. The Pandora multi-algorithm approach to automated pattern recognition of cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2018; 78:82. [PMID: 31258394 PMCID: PMC6566216 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development and operation of liquid-argon time-projection chambers for neutrino physics has created a need for new approaches to pattern recognition in order to fully exploit the imaging capabilities offered by this technology. Whereas the human brain can excel at identifying features in the recorded events, it is a significant challenge to develop an automated, algorithmic solution. The Pandora Software Development Kit provides functionality to aid the design and implementation of pattern-recognition algorithms. It promotes the use of a multi-algorithm approach to pattern recognition, in which individual algorithms each address a specific task in a particular topology. Many tens of algorithms then carefully build up a picture of the event and, together, provide a robust automated pattern-recognition solution. This paper describes details of the chain of over one hundred Pandora algorithms and tools used to reconstruct cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Metrics that assess the current pattern-recognition performance are presented for simulated MicroBooNE events, using a selection of final-state event topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Adams
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. An
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Anthony
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - M. Auger
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - M. Bass
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - F. Bay
- TUBITAK Space Technologies Research Institute, METU Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | | | - B. Carls
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. Cianci
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G. H. Collin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Devitt
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - S. Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - B. Eberly
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - W. Foreman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | - G. T. Garvey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - V. Genty
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - D. Goeldi
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - N. Graf
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - H. Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Grosso
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - R. Guenette
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | | | - O. Hen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Hill
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Ho
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - E.-C. Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C.-M. Jen
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - J. Joshi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Jostlein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Kaleko
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - G. Karagiorgi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Kreslo
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Laube
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Lister
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | | | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Lorca
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Luethi
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Lundberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - X. Luo
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Mariani
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - J. Marshall
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | | | - V. Meddage
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - T. Miceli
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - G. B. Mills
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. D. Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - R. Murrells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Nienaber
- Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987 USA
| | - J. Nowak
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - S. F. Pate
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - D. Porzio
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - G. Pulliam
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rafique
- Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - B. Russell
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. L. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Spentzouris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - J. St. John
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - N. Tagg
- Otterbein University, Westerville, OH 43081 USA
| | - K. Terao
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Thomson
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tufanli
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Weber
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Wongjirad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - K. Woodruff
- New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Yates
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973 USA
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29
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fleming B, Greenlee H, Hackenburg A, Hatcher R, Horton-Smith G, James C, Klein E, Lang K, Laurens P, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Partyka K, Rameika G, Rebel B, Schukraft A, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc A, Weber M, Yang T, Zeller G. Measurement of
νμ
and
ν¯μ
neutral current
π0→γγ
production in the ArgoNeuT detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.012006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fitzpatrick R, Fleming B, Hackenburg A, Horton-Smith G, James C, Lang K, Luo X, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Rebel B, Schukraft A, Scanavini G, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc A, Weber M, Yang T, Zeller G. First observation of low energy electron neutrinos in a liquid argon time projection chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Bruno CG, Scott DA, Aliotta M, Formicola A, Best A, Boeltzig A, Bemmerer D, Broggini C, Caciolli A, Cavanna F, Ciani GF, Corvisiero P, Davinson T, Depalo R, Di Leva A, Elekes Z, Ferraro F, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Menegazzo R, Mossa V, Pantaleo FR, Piatti D, Prati P, Somorjai E, Straniero O, Strieder F, Szücs T, Takács MP, Trezzi D. Improved Direct Measurement of the 64.5 keV Resonance Strength in the ^{17}O(p,α)^{14}N Reaction at LUNA. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:142502. [PMID: 27740778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.142502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ^{17}O(p,α)^{14}N reaction plays a key role in various astrophysical scenarios, from asymptotic giant branch stars to classical novae. It affects the synthesis of rare isotopes such as ^{17}O and ^{18}F, which can provide constraints on astrophysical models. A new direct determination of the E_{R}=64.5 keV resonance strength performed at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) accelerator has led to the most accurate value to date ωγ=10.0±1.4_{stat}±0.7_{syst} neV, thanks to a significant background reduction underground and generally improved experimental conditions. The (bare) proton partial width of the corresponding state at E_{x}=5672 keV in ^{18}F is Γ_{p}=35±5_{stat}±3_{syst} neV. This width is about a factor of 2 higher than previously estimated, thus leading to a factor of 2 increase in the ^{17}O(p, α)^{14}N reaction rate at astrophysical temperatures relevant to shell hydrogen burning in red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars. The new rate implies lower ^{17}O/^{16}O ratios, with important implications on the interpretation of astrophysical observables from these stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Bruno
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D A Scott
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Aliotta
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Formicola
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Best
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Broggini
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Caciolli
- Università degli Studi di Padova and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cavanna
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G F Ciani
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Depalo
- Università degli Studi di Padova and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Di Leva
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - F Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- Università degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Gustavino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gy Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Junker
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - R Menegazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Mossa
- Università degli Studi di Bari e INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - F R Pantaleo
- Università degli Studi di Bari e INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Piatti
- Università degli Studi di Padova and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Prati
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E Somorjai
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), P.O. Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - O Straniero
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, Teramo, INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Strieder
- South Dakota School of Mines, 501 E. Saint Joseph Street, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T Szücs
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M P Takács
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Trezzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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32
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Cavanna F, Depalo R, Aliotta M, Anders M, Bemmerer D, Best A, Boeltzig A, Broggini C, Bruno CG, Caciolli A, Corvisiero P, Davinson T, di Leva A, Elekes Z, Ferraro F, Formicola A, Fülöp Z, Gervino G, Guglielmetti A, Gustavino C, Gyürky G, Imbriani G, Junker M, Menegazzo R, Mossa V, Pantaleo FR, Prati P, Scott DA, Somorjai E, Straniero O, Strieder F, Szücs T, Takács MP, Trezzi D. Three New Low-Energy Resonances in the ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na Reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:252501. [PMID: 26722918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.252501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na reaction takes part in the neon-sodium cycle of hydrogen burning. This cycle affects the synthesis of the elements between ^{20}Ne and ^{27}Al in asymptotic giant branch stars and novae. The ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na reaction rate is very uncertain because of a large number of unobserved resonances lying in the Gamow window. At proton energies below 400 keV, only upper limits exist in the literature for the resonance strengths. Previous reaction rate evaluations differ by large factors. In the present work, the first direct observations of the ^{22}Ne(p,γ)^{23}Na resonances at 156.2, 189.5, and 259.7 keV are reported. Their resonance strengths are derived with 2%-7% uncertainty. In addition, upper limits for three other resonances are greatly reduced. Data are taken using a windowless ^{22}Ne gas target and high-purity germanium detectors at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics in the Gran Sasso laboratory of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Italy, taking advantage of the ultralow background observed deep underground. The new reaction rate is a factor of 20 higher than the recent evaluation at a temperature of 0.1 GK, relevant to nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cavanna
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - R Depalo
- Università degli Studi di Padova and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Aliotta
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Anders
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Bemmerer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Best
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - A Boeltzig
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 LAquila, Italy
| | - C Broggini
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C G Bruno
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Caciolli
- Università degli Studi di Padova and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Corvisiero
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - T Davinson
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A di Leva
- Università di Napoli Federico II and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Z Elekes
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), PO Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - F Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Formicola
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - Zs Fülöp
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), PO Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Gervino
- Università degli Studi di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Guglielmetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Gustavino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gy Gyürky
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), PO Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Imbriani
- Università di Napoli Federico II and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Junker
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - R Menegazzo
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Mossa
- Università degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - F R Pantaleo
- Università degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - P Prati
- Università degli Studi di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - D A Scott
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E Somorjai
- Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA ATOMKI), PO Box 51, HU-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - O Straniero
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, Teramo, and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Strieder
- Institut für Experimentalphysik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Szücs
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M P Takács
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Trezzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via G. Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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33
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Cavanna F, Cassani E, Barichella M, Pinelli G, Iorio L, Pusani C, Canesi M, Natuzzi F, Cazzola R, Cestaro B, Cereda E. Endothelial progenitor cells: a cardiovascular protective factor in Parkinson’s disease? J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fleming B, Greenlee H, Hatcher R, Horton-Smith G, James C, Klein E, Lang K, Laurens P, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Partyka K, Rameika G, Rebel B, Santos E, Schukraft A, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc AM, Weber M, Yang T, Zeller GP. First measurement of neutrino and antineutrino coherent charged pion production on argon. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:261801. [PMID: 25615307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.261801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first cross section measurements for charged current coherent pion production by neutrinos and antineutrinos on argon. These measurements are performed using the ArgoNeuT detector exposed to the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The cross sections are measured to be 2.6(-1.0)(+1.2)(stat)(-0.4)(+0.3)(syst)×10(-38) cm(2)/Ar for neutrinos at a mean energy of 9.6 GeV and 5.5(-2.1)(+2.6)(stat)(-0.7)(+0.6)(syst)×10(-39) cm(2)/Ar for antineutrinos at a mean energy of 3.6 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Adams
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J Asaadi
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Cavanna
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA and Università dell'Aquila e INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Church
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - S Farooq
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - C James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Klein
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Lang
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Laurens
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Mehdiyev
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Page
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - O Palamara
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA and INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - K Partyka
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - G Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Santos
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Soderberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Spitz
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A M Szelc
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G P Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Acciarri R, Adams C, Asaadi J, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fleming B, Greenlee H, Horton-Smith G, James C, Klein E, Lang K, Laurens P, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Partyka K, Rameika G, Rebel B, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc A, Weber M, Yang T, Zeller G. Detection of back-to-back proton pairs in charged-current neutrino interactions with the ArgoNeuT detector in the NuMI low energy beam line. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sacco S, Comelli M, Molina V, Montrasio PL, Giani E, Cavanna F. A simplified indication of metabolic syndrome to recognize subjects with a moderate risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large Italian sample. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:35-41. [PMID: 23494826 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To propose a simplified tool to recognize subjects with a moderate risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM): this method would take into account only variables from metabolic syndrome definitions which are cheaply assessable. A total of 3,003 employees without diabetes in Italy who attended one annual health examination between 2009 and 2012 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered along with the annual health examination to record personal and familiar anamnesis. To identify Type 2 DM-prone individuals, the diabetes predictive model by Stern MP et al. was used. Then a multiple logistic regression model was developed using the predicted probability 20%+ of developing Type 2 DM as the outcome variable and a panel of easily measurable continuous baseline characteristics as explanatory variables (waist circumference, WC; body mass index, BMI; and systolic blood pressure, SBP). The optimism-adjusted area under the curve of the proposed model receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) is 0.90. The effects of the explanatory variables on the presumed Type 2 DM risk are summarized by the following adjusted odds ratio values: 2.65 for SBP (P < 0.001), 2.01 for WC (P = 0.04) and 4.64 for BMI (P < 0.001). The satisfactory ROC of the proposed model suggests the importance of simple assessments in the prognostic information on Type 2 DM risk. Such ease of use may be particularly relevant in populations facing the transition from traditional to industrial food who do not have a sophisticated health service yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sacco
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Section of Neurosciences and Biostatistics, Biostatistics Unit, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi n. 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy,
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Anderson C, Antonello M, Baller B, Bolton T, Bromberg C, Cavanna F, Church E, Edmunds D, Ereditato A, Farooq S, Fleming B, Greenlee H, Guenette R, Haug S, Horton-Smith G, James C, Klein E, Lang K, Laurens P, Linden S, McKee D, Mehdiyev R, Page B, Palamara O, Partyka K, Patch A, Rameika G, Rebel B, Rossi B, Soderberg M, Spitz J, Szelc AM, Weber M, Yang T, Zeller G. First measurements of inclusive muon neutrino charged current differential cross sections on argon. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:161802. [PMID: 22680709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ArgoNeuT Collaboration presents the first measurements of inclusive muon neutrino charged current differential cross sections on argon. Obtained in the NuMI neutrino beam line at Fermilab, the flux-integrated results are reported in terms of outgoing muon angle and momentum. The data are consistent with the Monte Carlo expectation across the full range of kinematics sampled, 0°<θ(μ)<36° and 0<P(μ)<25 GeV/c. Along with confirming the viability of liquid argon time projection chamber technology for neutrino detection, the measurements allow tests of low-energy neutrino scattering models important for interpreting results from long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments designed to investigate CP violation and the orientation of the neutrino mass hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anderson
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Cavanna F, Ruggeri G, Chieregatti G, Murador E, Arosio P, Albertini A. Evaluation of heart isoferritins in serum using specific monoclonal antibodies. Ric Clin Lab 1984; 14:337-340. [PMID: 6441233 DOI: 10.1007/bf02904856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Broxmeyer HE, Gentile P, Cooper S, Lu L, Juliano L, Piacibello W, Meyers PA, Cavanna F. Functional activities of acidic isoferritins and lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo. Blood Cells 1984; 10:397-426. [PMID: 6543656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The functional activities of acidic isoferritins (AIF) and lactoferin (LF) were evaluated. The inhibitory activity of AIF (AIFIA) was inactivated by preincubation with a monoclonal antibody (2A4) against AIF, but AIFIA was not inactivated by another monoclonal antibody against AIF (1C5), by a monoclonal antibody (3A5) against basic isoferritins, or by a heteroantiserum (LFT) against basic isoferritins. Monoclonal 2A4 also inactivated the inhibitory activity against colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells that was constitutively released by human monocytes or induced by human monocytes in the presence of OKT4+ lymphocytes. In addition to OKT4+ lymphocytes, the release of AIFIA from human monocytes was modulated by iron-saturated human LF and OKT8+ lymphocytes, both of which suppressed the release of AIFIA. Evidence for the physiologic relevance of AIF as a regulator of myelopoiesis was presented, in that human AIF suppressed the numbers of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM per femur and the cycling status of these cells in mice recovering from a sublethal dosage of Cytoxan. Abnormalities in LF and AIF interactions were found with cells from a pediatric patient with neutrophilia of unknown etiology that were consistent with the disease manifestations of neutrophilia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from the patient contained low levels (1%-10% of control) of immunologically reactive LF and the LF found was ineffective as a suppressor molecule for the release of GM-CSF from normal mononuclear blood cells. In addition, the patient's GM-CSF releasing mononuclear blood cells were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified LF, and colony formation by the patient's CFU-GM, but not BFU-E or CFU-GEMM, were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified AIF. When the activity of purified AIF was assessed against mouse bone marrow cells under serum-free conditions, it was apparent that serum was not needed for the suppressive activity of AIF and that in some cases, serum actually masked the effects of AIF. Human monoblast cell line U937 was found to be a good model in vitro for the actions of LF and AIF; U937 cells induced for Ia-antigens by human gamma interferon were separated into populations of Ia-antigen+ and Ia-antigen- cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and LF and AIF suppressed colony formation only by the Ia-antigen+ U937 cells. A comparative analysis of bovine and human LF against release of GM-CSF from human mononuclear cells demonstrated that both were active in their iron-saturated form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Cavanna F, Ruggeri G, Iacobello C, Chieregatti G, Murador E, Albertini A, Arosio P. Development of a monoclonal antibody against human heart ferritin and its application in an immunoradiometric assay. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 134:347-56. [PMID: 6416715 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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