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Wörmann ME, Pech J, Reich F, Tenhagen BA, Wichmann-Schauer H, Lienen T. Growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during raw milk soft cheese-production and the inhibitory effect of starter cultures. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104451. [PMID: 38225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of raw milk or raw milk products might be a potential risk factor for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Therefore, we studied MRSA growth during raw milk soft cheese-production. Furthermore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of four starter cultures (Lactococcus lactis, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus) on the growth of MRSA in a spot-agar-assay and in raw milk co-culture following a cheesemaking temperature profile. During the initial phases of raw milk cheese-production, MRSA counts increased by 2 log units. In the ripening phase, MRSA counts only dropped slightly and remained high up to the end of the storage. Comparable MRSA counts were found in the rind and core and strain-specific differences in survival were observed. In the spot-agar-assay, all four starter cultures showed strong or intermediate inhibition of MRSA growth. In contrast, in raw milk, only Lactococcus lactis strongly inhibited MRSA, whereas all other starter cultures only had minor inhibitory effects on MRSA growth. Our results indicate that MRSA follow a similar growth pattern as described for other S. aureus during raw milk soft cheese-production and illustrate the potential use of appropriate starter cultures to inhibit MRSA growth during the production of raw milk cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wörmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Pech
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - B-A Tenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Wichmann-Schauer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Lienen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Beterams A, Püning C, Wyink B, Grosse-Kleimann J, Gölz G, Schönknecht A, Alter T, Reich F. Status quo: Levels of Campylobacter spp. and hygiene indicators in German slaughterhouses for broiler and turkey. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110610. [PMID: 38330527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Poultry is a common reservoir for Campylobacter and a main source for human campylobacteriosis. With broiler being the predominant poultry for food production, most food safety related research is conducted for this species, for turkey, few studies are available. Although animals are typically colonized at the farm level, the slaughtering process is considered an important factor in re- and cross-contamination. We examined the development of Campylobacter, E. coli and total colony counts (TCC) after several processing steps in three broiler and one turkey slaughterhouses. Whole carcass rinsing and neck skin sampling was applied for broilers resulting in 486 samples in total, while 126 neck skin samples were collected for turkeys. A decrease in the loads of the different bacterial groups along the broiler slaughtering process was observed. Campylobacter mean counts dropped from 4.5 ± 1.7 log10 CFU/ml after killing to 1.6 ± 0.4 log10 CFU/ml after chilling. However, an increase in Campylobacter counts was evident after evisceration before the values again decreased by the final processing step. Although the Campylobacter prevalence in the turkey samples showed a similar development, the bacterial loads were much lower with 1.7 ± 0.3 log10 CFU/g after killing and 1.7 ± 0.4 log10 CFU/g after chilling compared to those of broilers. The loads of E. coli and total colony count of turkey were higher after killing, were reduced by scalding and remained stable until after chilling. This study highlights trends during the slaughtering process in reducing the levels of Campylobacter, E. coli, and total colony counts for broiler and turkey carcasses, from the initial step to after chilling. These results contribute to our understanding of microbial dynamics during meat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beterams
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Püning
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Wyink
- Frankenförder Forschungsgesellschaft, Potsdamer Straße 18a, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - J Grosse-Kleimann
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Gölz
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schönknecht
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Korkmaz B, Reich F, Alter T, Steinhoff-Wagner J, Maaz D, Gremse C, Haase A, Mader A, Schafft H, Bandick N, Nöckler K, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M. Microbial load of rinsed and unrinsed body cavities of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) on the killing day and after cold storage: A preliminary investigation. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Nur Hanani Z, Reich F, Tolksdorf T, Siemen H, Bandick N. Monitoring the effect of active packaging films with silver-kaolinite using different packaging systems on the quality of beef meat. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11019. [PMID: 36267384 PMCID: PMC9576896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Active packaging films based on gelatin with silver-kaolinite (Ag-Kln) were developed and their effects on the quality and microbial growth of beef meat stored in different packaging systems (cling film, vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging) at 4 °C for 13 days were evaluated. The analysis revealed that Ag-Kln packaging films had no adverse effects on the pH and colour of the beef samples irrespective of the packaging system used. Beef meat in packaging with active films lost more weight (P < 0.05) than without active films for meat in the vacuum and modified systems on day 13. In general, these gelatin films with Ag-Kln showed the potential as antibacterial films and could enhance the shelf life of food products, however, further studies are required to establish the release rate of silver from packaging films, as well as test the efficiency of these materials under different storage conditions. In conclusion, this study revealed that gelatin film with silver-kaolinite is a promising antibacterial agent and preservation material for food shelf life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.A. Nur Hanani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
| | - F. Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Tolksdorf
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Siemen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Bandick
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Dubovitskaya O, Seinige D, Valero A, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Quantitative assessment of Campylobacter spp. levels with real-time PCR methods at different stages of the broiler food chain. Food Microbiol 2022; 110:104152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schulze Bernd K, Wilms-Schulze Kump A, Freise F, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Influences of biosecurity on the occurrence of cellulitis in broiler flocks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Bungenstock L, Abdulmawjood A, Reich F. Suitability of lactic acid bacteria and deriving antibacterial preparations to enhance shelf-life and consumer safety of emulsion type sausages. Food Microbiol 2020; 94:103673. [PMID: 33279060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat (RTE) sliced emulsion type sausages are sensitive to recontamination with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes during processing and packaging steps. Since Listeria spp. are able to grow on those products under cold storage conditions, taking steps to reduce the recontamination risk and implementing antibacterial hurdles contribute to consumer safety and increase the product quality. With this study data about the suitability of culture broth, cell-free supernatant (CFS) or concentrated bacteriocin preparations (CFSconc) of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from fermented sausages from Germany as protective culture or antibacterial additive were provided. In different challenge tests, the potential of selected LAB or their preparations were investigated for their potential to reduce growth of L. monocytogenes and/or Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta on sliced RTE emulsion type sausages under modified atmosphere or vacuum during refrigerated storage for a 21-day period. Applied LAB culture broth and CFS could not reduce the growth of L. monocytogenes or B. thermosphacta. On the other hand, samples treated with CFSconc obtained from Pediococcus spp. strains showed a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of more than 1.5 log10 of the applied L. monocytogenes strains during the storage period. The growth of B. thermosphacta could not be influenced. Thereby, the need for concentrating preparations was shown to be important to obtain a suitable antibacterial preparation that would contribute to consumer safety and food quality when applied as a protective additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bungenstock
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, D-30173, Germany.
| | - A Abdulmawjood
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, D-30173, Germany
| | - F Reich
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, D-30173, Germany
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8
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Schulze Bernd K, Wilms-Schulze Kump A, Rohn K, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Management factors influencing the occurrence of cellulitis in broiler chickens. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105146. [PMID: 32927303 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the main reasons for condemning fattening broiler chickens during meat inspection is cellulitis, which demonstrates the great economic issue concerning this topic. The aim of this epidemiological study was therefore to identify risk factors in order to draw conclusions on how to prevent the occurrence of cellulitis in broilers by implementing management changes. The data were collected between April and November 2018 on conventional broiler farms (n = 100) in the north of Germany with one to fourteen poultry houses per farm. In total, data were collected from 199 broiler flocks with a total of 5,332,767 broilers. Data on the type of management (feeding- and drinking management, housing, lighting management, litter type and animal health) were collected via a questionnaire, with additional data on condemnation rates being provided by the abattoirs. It was found that litter additives like fennel, eucalyptus and probiotics as well as a moist litter quality were associated with lower cellulitis condemnation rates. Flocks fattened in windowless barns, but with relatively higher lux-values as well as those broilers examined in a lower number of housing inspections had significantly lower cellulitis condemnation rates compared to other husbandry systems. In addition, lower cellulitis rates were seen when housing capacities were smaller, regardless of stocking density. The source of the breeders and hatchery also had a significant influence on the occurrence of cellulitis. No correlation was found between the condemnation rates due to cellulitis and the performance of thinning, the water source used, the use of drinking additives, observational skills and number of herd managers monitoring the broilers, participation in an animal welfare programme, the technique of heating and ventilation systems used, the feed supplier, litter material, the broiler breed, the length of darkness periods and chick losses during the first seven days. We concluded that management decisions that lead to stress reduction in the broiler flocks are beneficial in terms of chicken welfare and occurrence of cellulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schulze Bernd
- Veterinary Practice and Laboratory Wilms-Ellert-Klosterhalfen, Visbek, Germany.
| | | | - K Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Reich
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science (IfTN), Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
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9
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Sheet OH, Grabowski NT, Klein G, Reich F, Abdulmawjood A. Characterisation of mecA gene negative Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis milk from Northern Germany. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:845-855. [PMID: 30888635 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important causative agent of contagious intermammary infections in dairy cattle. S. aureus is also considered as an important foodborne pathogen and cause of food poisoning cases and outbreaks worldwide. In order to understand the molecular ecology of S. aureus, the present study compared phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 70 S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis milk samples collected during the period from August 2001 to March 2014 in different regions of Northern Germany. The S. aureus isolates were characterised phenotypically, as well as genotypically for their genetic diversity using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and the presence of virulence genes encoding 16 staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea-selu), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst), thermonuclease (nuc), clumping factor (clfA and clfB), coagulase (coa) and the methicillin resistance gene mecA. A total of 16 sequence types were grouped into eight clonal complexes (CCs), and 17 spa types were identified. These included six novel sequence types and one novel spa type. The majority of bovine mastitis milk-associated sequence types belonged to the clonal complex CC5, CC97, CC133, and CC151 and showed closely related genotypes or lineages with sequence types of human origin. The genotype CC133 (ST133-t1403) was predominant, constituting 27.1% of the isolates. In addition, the S. aureus isolates displayed nine different enterotoxigenic profiles. All S. aureus were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). The current study provides new information on phenotypic and genotypic traits of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. The comparison of characteristics of isolates from the present study originating from mastitis milk showed similarities with human isolates. This might help to better understand the distribution of S. aureus in the one health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Sheet
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - N T Grabowski
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Reich
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Abdulmawjood
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Reich F, Valero A, Schill F, Bungenstock L, Klein G. Characterisation of Campylobacter contamination in broilers and assessment of microbiological criteria for the pathogen in broiler slaughterhouses. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Jansen W, Reich F, Klein G. Large-scale feasibility of organic acids as a permanent preharvest intervention in drinking water of broilers and their effect on foodborne Campylobacter
spp. before processing. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1676-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Jansen
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
| | - F. Reich
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
| | - G. Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
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12
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Atanassova V, Apelt J, Reich F, Klein G. Microbiological quality of freshly shot game in Germany. Meat Sci 2008; 78:414-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Hu JS, Frait KA, Reich F, Zhu Z, Elias JA, Chensue SW. IL-13 transgene state impairs mycobacterial (type-1) and schistosomal (type-2) antigen-elicited responses. Cell Immunol 2001; 213:114-21. [PMID: 11831873 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technology provides one approach for examining cytokine properties in vivo. This study directly tested the effect of a lung-targeted IL-13 transgene on the induction and elicitation of Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated immuno-inflammatory responses. Induction of Th1 (type 1) and Th2 (type 2) responses were tested by sensitization of IL-13 transgenics and littermates with purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis or Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Secondary elicitation of pulmonary granulomas was examined in adoptively sensitized transgenics and littermates challenged with bead-bound PPD or S. mansoni egg antigens. Parameters included lymphoid tissue cytokine profiles and granuloma sizes. Results showed that induction and elicitation of both type 1 and type 2 cytokines and granulomas were significantly abrogated in transgenics. Systemic effects were possible, as transgenic serum contained high levels of circulating IL-13. These findings support the concept that IL-13 impairs effector functions and provide novel information regarding its role in regulating Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hu
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Qiu B, Frait KA, Reich F, Komuniecki E, Chensue SW. Chemokine expression dynamics in mycobacterial (type-1) and schistosomal (type-2) antigen-elicited pulmonary granuloma formation. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:1503-15. [PMID: 11290568 PMCID: PMC1891908 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2001] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcript expression of 24 chemokines (CKs) was examined throughout 8 days in mouse lungs with type-1 (Th1) or type-2 (Th2) cytokine-mediated granulomas induced by bead-immobilized mycobacterial purified protein derivative or Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens. Where possible, CK protein levels were also measured. In addition, we examined effects of in vivo cytokine depletions. Findings were as follows: 1) bead challenge induced increases in 18 of 24 CK transcripts with type-1 and type-2 responses displaying different patterns. CKs fell into four categories: a) type-1-dominant (gamma-interferon-inducible protein (IP-10), monokine induced by INF-gamma (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine (LIX), rodent growth-related oncogene homologue (KP), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and -1beta (MIP-1beta), lymphotactin), b) type-2-dominant (eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2) and -3 (MCP-3), liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC), T cell activation protein-3 (TCA-3), c) type-1 and type-2 co-dominant (MCP-1, MCP-5, monocyte-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and activation-related chemokine (TARC), C10), and d) constitutive (lungkine, secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC), EBI1-ligand chemokine (ELC), fractalkine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1gamma (MIP1-gamma), and stromal cell derived factor-1alpha (SDF1-alpha). 2) CKs displayed characteristic temporal patterns. CXC (IP-10, MIG, MIP-2, LIX, KC) and certain CC (MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta) CKs were produced maximally within 1 to 2 days. Others (MCP-2, MCP-3, eotaxin, lymphotactin, LARC, TCA-3) displayed peak expression later. 3) Interferon-gamma neutralization profoundly abrogated MIG, but had little effect on other CKs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization caused up to 50% reduction in a range of CKs. These findings indicate that type-1 and type-2 granulomas display characteristic CK profiles with coordinated expression that is under cytokine-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Qiu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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17
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Moll J, Santos MA, Drumond Neto C, Sbaffi F, Talberg J, Reich F, Botelho Reis N. [Peculiarities of echocardiography in total anomaly of pulmonary venous return]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1978; 31:297-303. [PMID: 747533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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18
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Reich F, Cabizuca SV, Benchimol A, Dresser KB, Sheasby C. Diagnostic postextrasystolic carotid pulse wave change in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: echocardiographic correlation. Chest 1976; 69:775-6. [PMID: 945148 DOI: 10.1378/chest.69.6.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Standard 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) and Frank vectorcardiograms (VCG) were recorded in 21 consecutive patients with mitral valvular disease and angiographically documented left atrial enlargement. Comparative sensitivities for the detection of left atrial enlargement were: diagnostic, ECG = 6/21 (29%), VCG = 14/21 (67%); suggestive, ECG = 3/21 (14%), VCG = 2/21 (9%); non-diagnostic, ECG = 12/21 (57%), VCG = 5/21 (24%). It is concluded that the Frank atrial vectorcardiogram is superior to the standard electrocardiogram for the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement.
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Benchimol A, Reich F, Desser KB. Phasic blood flow velocity at a Potts anastomosis measured with the Doppler flowmeter-catheter. Chest 1975; 68:820-1. [PMID: 127694 DOI: 10.1378/chest.68.6.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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22
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Reich F. Erblichkeit der Disposition für Magengeschwüre. Mol Genet Genomics 1925. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reich F. Die Fällungsreaktionen zur Syphilisdiagnose nach Meinicke und nach Sachs und Georgi 1). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1919. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1137563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reich F. Ein Fall von erblicher Disposition für Magengeschwüre. Mol Genet Genomics 1913. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01943435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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