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Psychiatric and somatic health of homeless individuals in the context of their migration history. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Descriptions of homeless individuals’ somatic and psychiatric health status remain scarce. The heterogenicity of the population is increasing, with more people migrating within the European Union. Migration history has been described as a determinant of health and healthcare access.
Methods
A multicenter cross-sectional study design included homeless individuals in Germany. Using interview-based questionnaires, the prevalence of mental and somatic illnesses, as well as healthcare use and access, were determined. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of the homeless migration history on health status.
Results
306/635 (48.2%) of the homeless individuals were born outside Germany; 213/306 (69.6%) came from another EU country. Homeless people from EU countries frequently reported economic reasons for leaving their home country (51.0%) and entering Germany (64.4%). Compared to homeless individuals of German origin and homeless non-EU migrants, they stated to live rough (48.2% p = 0,03), not hold health insurance (62.4% p < 0,0001), and not receive state funds (82.6% p < 0,0001) more often. Prevalences of psychiatric and somatic illnesses among homeless people were high compared to the general German population. There were no differences observed between the prevalence of chronic diseases if stratified by the origin of the homeless individuals.
Conclusions
Homeless individuals report higher prevalences of psychiatric and somatic illnesses than the general population. Compared to homeless people of other origins, homeless EU migrants may be disadvantaged in their housing situation and integration into the German social security system.
Key messages
• Programs aiming to integrate homeless people into mainstream health care should focus on homeless EU migrants.
• Our data underline the need for specific care services for homeless individuals.
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Experimental investigation of the temperature influence on the drag force of single droplets. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Determinants of health-related quality of life among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2021; 194:60-66. [PMID: 33865148 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify which variables are associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional research. METHODS Data were taken from the Hamburg survey of homeless individuals (n = 151). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D tool. More precisely, the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was used to quantify problems in five health dimensions (i.e. mobility, self-care, usually activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and its visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) was used to record the according self-rated health status. Explanatory variables include sex, age, education, marital status, country of origin, health insurance, and chronic alcohol consumption. RESULTS With regard to HRQoL, most frequently, problems were reported as pain/discomfort (47.3%), followed by anxiety/depression (32.4%), mobility (29.7%), usual activities (20.7%) and self-care (4.6%). The mean EQ-VAS score was 75.34 (SD 22.23; range 1-100), and the mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.84 (SD 0.23; range 0.32-1). Regressions showed increasing problems in mobility and self-care with higher age, whereas EQ-VAS was positively associated with younger age. Furthermore, EQ-5D-5L index was positively associated with younger age and higher education. Summarized, among this cohort, a higher age is associated with a lower HRQoL. CONCLUSION Remarkably high EQ-VAS values and rather few problems in the five dimensions investigated here were reported among the homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic particularly compared with the general population. Moreover, study findings particularly stress the link between higher age and lower HRQoL among homeless individuals. This knowledge is important to address homeless individuals at risk of poor HRQoL. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm the given findings.
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Erratum to: Fe Oxides on Ag Surfaces: Structure and Reactivity. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Spatially-resolved luminescence and crystal structure of single core-shell nanowires measured in the as-grown geometry. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:214002. [PMID: 32050166 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the direct correlation between the structural and optical properties of single, as-grown core-multi-shell GaAs/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs/AlAs/GaAs nanowires. Fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy on a pre-patterned Si(111) substrate, on a row of well separated nucleation sites, it was possible to access individual nanowires in the as-grown geometry. The polytype distribution along the growth axis of the nanowires was revealed by synchrotron-based nanoprobe x-ray diffraction techniques monitoring the axial 111 Bragg reflection. For the same nanowires, the spatially-resolved emission properties were obtained by cathodoluminescence hyperspectral linescans in a scanning electron microscope. Correlating both measurements, we reveal a blueshift of the shell quantum well emission energy combined with an increased emission intensity for segments exhibiting a mixed structure of alternating wurtzite and zincblende stacking compared with the pure crystal polytypes. The presence of this mixed structure was independently confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.
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Current mapping of lead phthalocyanine thin films in the presence of gaseous dopants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22955-22965. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine doping in nonplanar Pb(ii)phthalocyanine causes significant structural reorganization and enhanced conductance with nanoscale conducting pathways and improved sensitivity towards other gaseous adsorbates.
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Flexible sample cell for real-time GISAXS, GIWAXS and XRR: design and construction. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1664-1672. [PMID: 30407176 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the properties of functional materials are highly dependent on their specific structure, and since the structural changes, for example during crystallization, induced by coating and annealing processes are significant, the study of structure and its formation is of interest for fundamental and applied science. However, structure analysis is often limited to ex situ determination of final states due to the lack of specialized sample cells that enable real-time investigations. The lack of such cells is mainly due to their fairly complex design and geometrical restrictions defined by the beamline setups. To overcome this obstacle, an advanced sample cell has been designed and constructed; it combines automated doctor blading, solvent vapor annealing and sample hydration with real-time grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The sample cell has limited spatial requirements and is therefore widely usable at beamlines and laboratory-scale instruments. The cell is fully automatized and remains portable, including the necessary electronics. In addition, the cell can be used by interested scientists in cooperation with the Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics and is expandable with regard to optical secondary probes. Exemplary research studies are presented, in the form of coating of P3HT:PC61PM thin films, solvent vapor annealing of DRCN5T:PC71BM thin films, and hydration of supported phospholipid multilayers, to demonstrate the capabilities of the in situ cell.
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Surface development of a brazing alloy during heat treatment-a comparison between UHV and APXPS. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:024004. [PMID: 29176044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9cb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to bridge the pressure gap, APXPS was used to follow the surface development of an aluminum brazing sheet during heating in an ambient oxygen-pressure mimicking the environment of an industrial brazing furnace. The studied aluminum alloy brazing sheet is a composite material consisting of two aluminum alloy standards whose surface is covered with a native aluminum oxide film. To emphasize the necessity of studies of this system in ambient sample environments it is compared to measurements in UHV. Changes in thickness and composition of the surface oxide were followed after heating to 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. The two sets presented in this paper show that the surface development strongly depends on the environment the sample is heated in.
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From ligand exchange to reaction intermediates: what does really happen during the synthesis of emissive complexes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7428-7437. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in situ luminescence analysis of coordination sensors (ILACS) technique reveals the influence of synthesis parameters on key features of the crystallization process of [Eu(2,2′bipyridine)2(NO3)3] derivative complexes.
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Selective area growth of AlN/GaN nanocolumns on (0001) and (11-22) GaN/sapphire for semi-polar and non-polar AlN pseudo-templates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:365704. [PMID: 28604369 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa78e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong interest in optoelectronic devices working in the deep ultraviolet range, no suitable low cost, large-area, high-quality AlN substrates have been available up to now. The aim of this work is the selective area growth of AlN nanocolumns by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on polar (0001) and semi-polar (11-22) GaN/sapphire templates. The resulting AlN nanocolumns are vertically oriented with semi-polar {1-103} top facets when grown on (0001) GaN/sapphire, or oriented at 58° from the template normal and exposing {1-100} non-polar top facets when growing on (11-22) GaN/sapphire, in both cases reaching filling factors ≥80%. In these kinds of arrays each nanostructure could function as a building block for an individual nano-device or, due to the large filling factor values, the overall array top surfaces could be seen as a quasi (semi-polar or non-polar) AlN pseudo-template.
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In situ luminescence analysis: a new light on monitoring calcium phosphate phase transitions. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In situ luminescence measurements allow monitoring the phase transitions of biologically relevant calcium phosphates with high sensitivity, independent of synchrotron radiation.
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Abstract
Abstract
One layer thick iron oxide films are attractive from both applied and fundamental science perspectives. The structural and chemical properties of these systems can be tuned by changing the substrate, making them promising materials for heterogeneous catalysis. In the present work, we investigate the structure of FeO(111) monolayer films grown on Ag(100) and Ag(111) substrates by means of microscopy and diffraction techniques and compare it with the structure of FeO(111) grown on other substrates reported in literature. We also study the NO adsorption properties of FeO(111)/Ag(100) and FeO(111)/Ag(111) systems utilizing different spectroscopic techniques. We discuss similarities and differences in the data obtained from adsorption experiments and compare it with previous results for FeO(111)/Pt(111).
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Static Magnetic Proximity Effect in Pt/NiFe2O4 and Pt/Fe Bilayers Investigated by X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Reflectivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:097401. [PMID: 26371679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The spin polarization of Pt in Pt/NiFe2O4 and Pt/Fe bilayers is studied by interface-sensitive x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity to investigate static magnetic proximity effects. The asymmetry ratio of the reflectivity is measured at the Pt L3 absorption edge using circular polarized x-rays for opposite directions of the magnetization at room temperature. The results of the 2% asymmetry ratio for Pt/Fe bilayers are independent of the Pt thickness between 1.8 and 20 nm. By comparison with ab initio calculations, the maximum magnetic moment per spin polarized Pt atom at the interface is determined to be (0.6±0.1) μB for Pt/Fe. For Pt/NiFe2O4 the asymmetry ratio drops below the sensitivity limit of 0.02 μB per Pt atom. Therefore, we conclude, that the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect recently observed in Pt/NiFe2O4 is not influenced by a proximity induced anomalous Nernst effect.
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Optical Emission of Individual GaN Nanocolumns Analyzed with High Spatial Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2015. [PMID: 26225541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective area growth has been applied to fabricate a homogeneous array of GaN nanocolumns (NC) with high crystal quality. The structural and optical properties of single NCs have been investigated at the nanometer-scale by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and highly spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) at liquid helium temperatures. TEM cross-section analysis reveals excellent structural properties of the GaN NCs. Sporadically, isolated basal plane stacking faults (BSF) can be found resulting in a remarkably low BSF density in the almost entire NC ensemble. Both, defect-free NCs and NCs with few BSFs have been investigated. The low defect density within the NCs allows the characterization of individual BSFs, which is of high interest for studying their optical properties. Direct nanometer-scale correlation of the CL and STEM data clearly exhibits a spatial correlation of the emission at 360.6 nm (3.438 eV) with the location of basal plane stacking faults of type I1.
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Single-photon emission from electrically driven InP quantum dots epitaxially grown on CMOS-compatible Si(001). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:335201. [PMID: 22842356 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/33/335201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The heteroepitaxy of III-V semiconductors on silicon is a promising approach for making silicon a photonic platform. Mismatches in material properties, however, present a major challenge, leading to high defect densities in the epitaxial layers and adversely affecting radiative recombination processes. However, nanostructures, such as quantum dots, have been found to grow defect-free even in a suboptimal environment. Here we present the first realization of indium phosphide quantum dots on exactly oriented Si(001), grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy. We report electrically driven single-photon emission in the red spectral region, meeting the wavelength range of silicon avalanche photodiodes' highest detection efficiency.
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A compact high vacuum heating chamber for in-situ x-ray scattering studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:083904. [PMID: 22938311 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A very compact multi purpose high vacuum heating chamber for x-ray scattering techniques was developed. The compact design allows the chamber to be installed on high precision diffractometers which usually cannot support heavy and/or large equipment. The chamber is covered by a Be dome allowing full access to the hemisphere above the sample which is required for in-plane grazing incident x-ray diffraction and out-off plane wide angle x-ray diffraction.
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Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:728-751. [PMID: 21906418 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 μm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.
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Stellungnahme zu den kritischen Bemerkungen von Prof. Dr. E. Grafe, Würzburg, zu dem „Merkblatt über die Behandlung Zuckerkranker”, herausgegeben vom Deutschen Insulinkomitee, bearbeitet von Prof. Dr. F. Bertram, Hamburg. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Structural phase transition of ultra thin PrO(2) films on Si(111). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:175408. [PMID: 21825423 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/17/175408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultra thin heteroepitaxial PrO(2) films on Si(111) were annealed under UHV conditions and investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray reflectometry (XRR) and spot profile analysis low energy electron diffraction (SPALEED) with regard to structural stability and phase transitions due to the high oxygen mobility of the oxide. This gives information about the manageability of the material and its application as a model catalyst system in surface science. While the samples are stable in UHV at room temperature, annealing at 300 °C exhibits a terminated phase transition from PrO(2) and PrO(2-Δ) to cub-Pr(2)O(3) with an increase in the silicate at the interface and a decrease in the crystalline praseodymia layer mainly due to atomic diffusion of silicon into the oxide film. Strain effects during the phase transition also cause mosaic formation at the surface. Further annealing up to 600 °C shows only little change in the film structure. This will finally lead to a model of the film structure during the annealing process.
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Catalyst-free vapor-phase transport growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on 6H-SiC and (11-20)Al2O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200564760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The origin of the PL photoluminescence Stokes shift in ternary group-III nitrides: field effects and localization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200303137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Optical micro‐characterization of group‐III‐nitrides: correlation of structural, electronic and optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200303125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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[Ariven for the treatment of so-called leg diseases]. THERAPIE DER GEGENWART 1966; 105:1046-1050. [PMID: 5921262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Umfrage zu dem „Merkblatt über die Behandlung Zuckerkranker”. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1950. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Umfrage zu dem „Merkblatt über die Behandlung Zuckerkranker”. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1950. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nachsorge für Zuckerkranke 1. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1941. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Nachsorge für Zuckerkranke 1. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1941. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Klinische Erfahrungen mit Acedicon. J Mol Med (Berl) 1929. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01781510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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