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Abstract
A new method for the on-line estimation of urea kinetic parameters from blood urea concentration (BUN) continuously measured during a dialysis session is proposed. The method, based on the variable-volume double-pool model, is evaluated through a simulation approach in order to easily consider a large set of well-controlled test conditions. The model is characterized by six parameters, knowledge of which enables early prediction of the end dialysis urea concentration and the dose of dialysis. The sensitivity of the model predicted BUN with respect to the parameters was first analyzed to investigate which can be reliably estimated from blood urea measurements taken at a suitable rate. This analysis showed that the model predicted BUN is highly sensitive to the initial blood urea concentration and to the dialyzer clearance, normalized with respect to the total initial distribution volume, while it is scarcely influenced by the normalized ultrafiltration and urea generation rates. The new on-line estimation technique keeps these two last parameters constant and takes advantage of an original analytic solution of the second order urea kinetics. The results of the estimation process on realistic simulated data showed that the proposed method provides early and reliable estimates of the normalized clearance and of the end dialysis concentration. The transcellular mass transfer coefficient and the intra-extra cellular volume ratio can also be estimated, although with less accuracy. Moreover, it was shown that the use of the single-pool model, instead of the double-pool one, provides systematic errors on the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Comai
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna - Italy
| | - A. Cappello
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna - Italy
| | - F. Grandi
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna - Italy
| | - G. Avanzolini
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna - Italy
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Cappello A, Grandi F, Lamberti C, Santoro A. Comparative Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate Urea Distribution Volume and Generation Rate. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889401700603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eight methods to estimate urea distribution volume and generation rate from blood urea samples measured in dialysis patients are reviewed. An analytical solution has been provided for a double-pool variable volume kinetic model to allow for faster and more accurate simulation and identification. The reliable parameter estimates provided by the double-pool kinetic model starting from seven samples, were assumed as references for the estimates obtained by the remaining methods. These include three kinetic models and four methods based on urea mass-balance. In particular, the estimation techniques differ in the number of compartments where urea is assumed distributed (double- and single-pool) or in the number of blood urea samples. Among the methods based on mass-balance, two techniques neglecting the weight loss or the urea generation during dialysis, were also analysed. The results obtained during hemofiltration sessions using three samples, usually available in clinical practice at the beginning and at the end of dialysis, demonstrate that a new method based on double-pool kinetics provides, on average, the most reliable estimates. Moreover, methods belonging to a single pool view and including both weight loss and urea generation during dialysis seem to underestimate by 1÷2 liters the urea distribution volume. However, neglecting the weight loss or the urea generation can overcompensate this error, resulting in a significant overestimation of the distribution volume. Finally, it has been experimentally proved that the single-pool kinetic methods overestimate the urea production rate, while techniques based on mass balance provide more reliable values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cappello
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - F. Grandi
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - C. Lamberti
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - A. Santoro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Malpighi Hospital, Bologna - Italy
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Grandi F, Tirapu-Ustarroz J. [Neuropsychology of event-based prospective memory]. Rev Neurol 2017; 65:226-233. [PMID: 28849865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective memory is the capacity to remember actions that are to be performed in the future. Different studies from experimental neuropsychology attempt to unravel the neurocognitive processes underlying event-based prospective memory, that is, delayed actions that take place in a predetermined context, which would play the role of an external cue and would therefore contribute to successful intentional recall. DEVELOPMENT Taking the dynamism and flexibility of multiprocess theory as a reference, the main findings have highlighted the fact that prospective memory is influenced by, among other factors, the type of cue. Thus, when the cue is focal, the person tends to rely on spontaneous retrieval. In contrast, when the cue is not focal, there is usually a tendency towards monitoring. In parallel to this, studies in experimental neuropsychology have determined that the anterior prefrontal cortex and the dorsal frontoparietal network would participate in the cue monitoring processes. Conversely, the ventral frontoparietal network would intervene in automatic retrieval processes. Moreover, the role of the parietal lobe and the medial temporal lobe in prospective tasks is discussed. CONCLUSION This study defends the idea that both processing pathways (monitored and spontaneous) favour success in recalling the event-based intentional action. It must nevertheless be borne in mind that the moment a person decides to set one type of processing (or another) in motion it is influenced by the type of cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grandi
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Espana
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Tedardi MV, Veneziano DB, Kimura KC, Pedra-Mendonça P, Biondi LR, Grandi F, Latorre MDRDDO, Dagli MLZ. Sao Paulo Animal Cancer Registry, the first in Latin America. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 13:154-5. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - D. B. Veneziano
- Cancer Registry; Hospital-Based Cancer Registry of the Amaral Carvalho Foundation; Jahu Brazil
| | - K. C. Kimura
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - P. Pedra-Mendonça
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - L. R. Biondi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Grandi
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Brazil
| | | | - M. L. Z. Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
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Grandi F, No author NA, No author NA, No author NA, Beserra A. Digit loss due to Demodex spp. infestation in a dog: clinical and pathological features. Open Vet J 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2013.v3.i1.p53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a rare clinical manifestation of canine pododemodicosis. A dog was presented with pedal erythema, scaling, crusting, severe edema and digit loss. The following diseases were taken into account for the differential diagnosis: pododemodicosis, lethal acrodermatitis, zinc responsive dermatosis and pemphigus foliaceus. Results from skin biopsies revealed the presence of Demodex spp. of mites in the follicular infundibula and a severe inflammatory process (pododemodicosis). Upon the acaricidal treatment, the patient exhibited favorable signs of clinical improvement.
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Grandi F, Pasternak A, Beserra H. Digit loss due to Demodex spp. infestation in a dog: clinical and pathological features. Open Vet J 2013; 3:53-5. [PMID: 26623312 PMCID: PMC4629579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a rare clinical manifestation of canine pododemodicosis. A dog was presented with pedal erythema, scaling, crusting, severe edema and digit loss. The following diseases were taken into account for the differential diagnosis: pododemodicosis, lethal acrodermatitis, zinc responsive dermatosis and pemphigus foliaceus. Results from skin biopsies revealed the presence of Demodex spp. of mites in the follicular infundibula and a severe inflammatory process (pododemodicosis). Upon the acaricidal treatment, the patient exhibited favorable signs of clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Grandi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Public Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Service of National Association of Small Animal Clinicians (ANCLIVEPA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding Author: Dr. Fabrizio Grandi. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, ZIP. 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A. Pasternak
- Department of Dermatology, Public Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Service of National Association of Small Animal Clinicians (ANCLIVEPA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H.E.O. Beserra
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Public Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Service of National Association of Small Animal Clinicians (ANCLIVEPA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Grandi F, Orsini Beserra HE, Montoya-Flórez M, Rocha NS. Regular meetings by pathology groups in veterinary oncology. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:1077. [PMID: 22895539 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812457793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zanoni D, No author NA, Grandi F, No author NA, Cagnini D, Rocha S. Agarose cell block technique as a complementary method in the diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis in a dog. Open Vet J 2012. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2012.v2.i0.p19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old Labrador Retriever female dog presenting left forelimb lameness for one day was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital (UNESP-Botucatu) for clinical evaluation. Several tests, including blood and image analysis, microbiological culture and cytology of lytic areas of affected bone were made in order to establish a diagnosis. Serum biochemical profile revealed increased levels of liver enzymes, plasma globulin, creatine kinase (CK) and calcium. Hemogram revealed anemia and leukocytosis; left humerus image analysis revealed an osteolytic lesion and cytology revealed a suppurative periostitis. Differential diagnosis was a nonspecific infectious inflammatory process or osteosarcoma. Since it was not possible to achieve a definitive diagnosis and there was a highly suspicious for an infectious agent, an agarose cell block of the bone marrow fine-needle aspiration was made. The cytological examination of cell block presented similar findings as described previously. However, additional stains including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were positive for fungal hyphae, which rendered a diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus spp. This case report illustrates an uncommon cause of osteomyelitis for breed that was diagnosed by an underused method in veterinary medicine.
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Zanoni D, Grandi F, Cagnini D, Bosco S, Rocha N. Agarose cell block technique as a complementary method in the diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis in a dog. Open Vet J 2012; 2:19-22. [PMID: 26623286 PMCID: PMC4655780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old Labrador Retriever female dog presenting left forelimb lameness for one day was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital (UNESP-Botucatu) for clinical evaluation. Several tests, including blood and image analysis, microbiological culture and cytology of lytic areas of affected bone were made in order to establish a diagnosis. Serum biochemical profile revealed increased levels of liver enzymes, plasma globulin, creatine kinase (CK) and calcium. Hemogram revealed anemia and leukocytosis; left humerus image analysis revealed an osteolytic lesion and cytology revealed a suppurative periostitis. Differential diagnosis was a nonspecific infectious inflammatory process or osteosarcoma. Since it was not possible to achieve a definitive diagnosis and there was a highly suspicious for an infectious agent, an agarose cell block of the bone marrow fine-needle aspiration was made. The cytological examination of cell block presented similar findings as described previously. However, additional stains including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were positive for fungal hyphae, which rendered a diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus spp. This case report illustrates an uncommon cause of osteomyelitis for breed that was diagnosed by an underused method in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.S. Zanoni
- Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil,Corresponding Author: Diogo S. Zanoni, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. ZIP Code: 18618-970. Tel./Fax: +55 14 3811 6293. E-mail:
| | - F. Grandi
- Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
| | - D.Q. Cagnini
- Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
| | - S.M.G. Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNEP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - N.S. Rocha
- Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP. Botucatu, Brazil
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11
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Passalacqua S, Staffolani E, Brescia P, Loschiavo C, Mancini E, Monaci G, Russo GE, Ramunni A, Granger Vallee A, Chenine L, Leray-Moragues H, Gontier-Picard A, Rodriguez A, Chalabi L, Canaud B, Lantz B, Kapke A, Pearson J, Vanholder R, Tomo T, Robinson B, Port F, Daugirdas J, Ramirez S, Akonur A, Agar BU, Culleton BF, Gellens ME, Leypoldt JK, Agar BU, Troidle L, Finkelstein FO, Kohn OF, Akonur A, Leypoldt JK, Basile C, Libutti P, Di Turo AL, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Teutonico A, Vernaglione L, Lomonte C, Basile C, Libutti P, Vernaglione L, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Teutonico A, Lomonte C, Umimoto K, Nata Y, Shimamoto Y, Miyata M, Krisp C, Gmerek A, Wagner J, Wolters D, Pedrini LA, Kopec J, Sulowicz W, Falkenhagen D, Thijssen S, Brandl M, Hartmann J, Strobl K, Wallner M, Mahieu E, Verhamme P, Op De Beeck K, Kuypers D, Claes K, Vitale C, Bagnis C, Berutti S, Soragna G, Gabella P, Fruttero C, Marangella M, Khadzhynov D, Baumann C, Lieker I, Slowinski T, Neumayer HH, Peters H, Bibiano L, Freddi P, Ricciatti A, Sagripanti S, Manarini G, Frasca GM, Hwang KS, Park JS, Lee CH, Kang CM, Kim GH, Urabe S, Kokubo K, Tsukao H, Shimbo T, Hirose M, Kobayashi H, Itoh Y, Kikuchi K, Murakami K, Tsuruta Y, Niwa T, Masakane I, Esashi S, Igarashi H, Djogan M, Boltina I, Dudar I, Pastori G, Favaro E, Ferraro A, Marcon R, Guizzo M, Lazzarin R, Conte F, Nichelatti M, Limido A, Zhu F, Liu L, Kaysen GA, Abbas SR, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Debska-Slizien A, Malgorzewicz S, Dudziak M, Rutkowski B, Svojanovsky J, Dob ak P, Nedbalkova M, Reichertova A, Soucek M, Kirmizis D, Kougioumtzidou O, Vakianis P, Papagianni A, Mancini E, Sestigiani E, Gissara Z, Palladino G, Santoro A, Schneditz D, Stockinger J, Ribitsch W, Branco P, Figueiredo S, Santana S, Rocha C, Carvalho L, Borges S, Marques D, Barata D, Tomo T, Matsuyama M, Matsuyama K, Matsuyama I, Minakuchi J, Schiffl H, Fischer R, Lang S, de los Santos CA, Antonello IC, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, d'Avila D, Abbas SR, Zhu F, Liu L, Rosales L, Ulloa D, Carter M, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Murakami K, Kokubo K, Tsukao H, Shimbo T, Hirose M, Kobayashi H, Kokubo K, Umehara S, Tsukao H, Shimbo T, Hirose M, Sakai K, Kobayashi H, Krieter DH, Seidel S, Merget K, Lemke HD, Morgenroth A, Wanner C, Onogi T, Nishida Y, Ueno J, Taoka M, Sato T, Sakurai K, Saito T, Yamauchi F, Asahi D, Hosoya H, Maruyama N, Suzuki A, Kokubo K, Alain R, Christian D, Romano JM, Printz J, Philippe B, Micha T, Hadjiyannakos D, Pani I, Sonikian M, Karatzas I, Vlassopoulos D, Kanaki A, Caprioli R, Lippi A, Donadio C, Malliekal S, Kubey W, Bernardo AA, Canaud B, Katzarski K, Galach M, Waniewski J, Sambale S, Reising A, Donnerstag F, Hafer C, Schmidt B, Kielstein JT, Ervo R, Angeletti S, Turrini Dertenois L, Cavatorta F, Gondouin B, Bevins A, Cockwell P, Hutchison CA, Doria M, Genovesi S, Biagi F, Grandi F, Frontini A, Stella A, Santoro A, Cases A, Fort J, Maduell F, Comas J, Arcos E, Deulofeu R, Rroji (Molla) M, Seferi S, Barbullushi M, Spahia N, Likaj E, Thereska N, Morena M, Rodriguez A, Jaussent I, Chenine L, Bargnoux AS, Dupuy AM, Leray-Moragues H, Cristol JP, Canaud B, Gondouin B, Hutchison CA, Hammer F, Scherberich JE, Pizzarelli F, Ferro G, Amidone M, Dattolo P, Gauly A, Golla P, Hafer C, Clajus C, Beutel G, Haller H, Schmidt BMW, Kielstein J, Nakazawa R, Shimizu Y, Uemura Y, Kashiwabara H, Watanabe D, Kato T, Fuse M, Azuma N, Nakanishi N, Kabayama S, Alquist Hegbrant M, Bosch JP, Righetti M, Ferrario G, Serbelloni P, Milani S, Lisi L, Tommasi A, Leypoldt JK, Agar BU, Akonur A, Gellens ME, Culleton BF, Santoro A, Mancini E, Mambelli E, Bolasco PG, Scotto P, Savoldi S, Serra A, Limido A, Corazza L, Sakurai K, Saito T, Yamauchi F, Asahi D, Hosoya H, Tomisawa N, Jinbo Y, Umimoto K, Shimamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Miyata M, Tsukao H, Kokubo K, Kawakubo Y, Sakurasawa T, Shimbo T, Hirose M, Kobayashi H. Extracorporeal dialysis: techniques and adequacy. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bilgic A, Sezer S, Ozdemir N, Kurita N, Hosokawa N, Nomura S, Maeda Y, Uchihara H, Fukuhara S, Gascon LD, Karohl C, Smith AL, Wilson RO, Raggi P, Ignace S, Loignon RC, Couture V, Marquis K, Utescu M, Lariviere R, Agharazii M, Zahalkova J, Marsova M, Nikorjakova I, vestak M, amboch K, Bellasi A, Gamboa C, Ferramosca E, Ratti C, Block G, Muntner P, Raggi P, Makino J, Makino K, Ito T, Kato S, Yuzawa Y, Yasuda Y, Tsuruta Y, Itoh A, Maruyama S, Karasavvidou D, Kalaitzidis R, Spanos G, Pappas K, Pappas E, Kountouris S, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, Staffolani E, Galli D, Nicolais R, Magliano G, Forleo GB, Santini L, Romano V, Sgueglia M, Romeo F, Di Daniele N, Freercks R, Swanepoel C, Carrara H, Raggi P, Rayner B, Freercks R, Swanepoel C, Carrara H, Raggi P, Rayner B, Fedak D, Kuzniewski M, Galicka-Latala D, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Dumnicka P, Pasowicz M, Solnica B, Sulowicz W, Kuzniewski M, Fedak D, Kapusta M, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Janda K, Pasowicz M, Solnica B, Sulowicz W, Ozcan M, Calayoglu R, Sengul S, Ensari A, Hazinedaroglu S, Tuzuner A, Nergizoglu G, Erbay B, Keven K, Gross T, Floege J, Leon S, Markus K, Vincent B, Ulrich G, Zitt E, Koenig M, Vychytil A, Auinger M, Wallner M, Lingenhel G, Schilcher G, Lhotta K, Csiky B, Toth G, Sulyok E, Melegh B, Vas T, Wittmann I, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Awiszus F, Bode-Boger SM, Staffolani E, Nicolais R, Miani N, Galli D, Borzacchi MS, Cipriani S, Sturniolo A, Di Daniele N, Abouseif K, Bichari W, Elewa U, Buimistriuc LD, Badarau S, Stefan A, Leanca E, Covic A, Kimura H, Mukai H, Miura S, Maeda A, Takeda K, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Selim G, Amitov V, Dzekova P, Gelev S, Severova G, Trajceski T, Abe Y, Watanabe M, Ito K, Ogahara S, Nakashima H, Saito T, Oleniuc M, Secara IF, Nistor I, Onofriescu M, Covic A, Papagianni A, Kasimatis E, Stavrinou E, Pliakos K, Spartalis M, Dimitriadis C, Belechri AM, Giamalis P, Economidou D, Efstratiadis G, Memmos D, Chen R, Xing C, Bi G, Ito S, Oyake N, Tanabe K, Shimada T, Capurro F, De Mauri A, Brustia M, Navino C, David P, De Leo M, Usvyat L, Bayh I, Etter M, Lam M, Levin NW, Marcelli D, Raimann JG, Schuh E, Thijssen S, Kotanko P, Sipahioglu M, Unal A, Kocyigit I, Karakurt M, Oguzhan N, Cilan H, Kavuncu F, Tokgoz B, Oymak O, Utas C, Canas L, Galan A, Ferrer E, Filella A, Fernandez M, Bayes B, Bonet J, Bonal J, Romero R, Amore A, Puccinelli MP, Petrillo G, Albiani R, Bonaudo R, Camilla R, Steckiph D, Grandi F, Bracco G, Coppo R, Chen X, Zhu P, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen N, Tatar E, Kircelli F, Asci G, Carrero JJ, Gungor O, Demirci MS, Ozkahya M, Toz H, Ok E, Buzdugan E, Condor A, Crisan S, Radulescu D, Lucaciu D, Hakemi MS, Nassiri AA, Asadzadeh R, Faizei AM, Molsted S, Andersen JL, Eidemak I, Harrison AP, Rodriguez Gomez MA, Fernandez-Reyes Luis MJ, Molina Ordas A, Heras Benito M, Sanchez Hernandez R, Mortazavi Najafabadi M, Moinzadeh F, Saadatnia SM, Shahidi S, Davarpanah A, Farajzadegan Z, Rodriguez-Reimundes E, Rognant N, Jolivot A, Abdeljaouad A, Pelletier S, Juillard L, Laville M, Fouque D, Santoro A, Zuccala A, Cagnoli L, Bolasco PG, Panzetta O, Mercadal L, Fessy H, London G, Severi S, Domini R, Grandi F, Corsi C. Cardiovascular complications in CKD 5D (2). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sipriani TM, Grandi F, da Silva LCG, Maiorka PC, Vannucchi CI. Pulmonary maturation in canine foetuses from early pregnancy to parturition. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 44 Suppl 2:137-40. [PMID: 19754553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of the foetal respiratory system includes both pulmonary growth and maturation. In human medicine, a higher incidence of respiratory distress is reported in newborn males. This study aimed to identify different phases of canine foetal lung maturation throughout pregnancy, to determine the stage of pregnancy in which surfactant production begins and to compare pulmonary development of male and female foetuses. Pregnant bitches (34) were subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy and allocated into four groups, according to the stage of pregnancy: 30-40 days of pregnancy (n = 10), 41-50 days (n = 10), 51-60 days (n = 10) and bitches in the first stage of parturition (n = 4). Foetal lungs were histologically processed and evaluated by optical microscopy. The pseudoglandular phase was identified between the 35th day and 46th day of gestation; the onset of canalicular and saccular periods was observed, respectively, from the 48th day and 60th day of pregnancy. Lungs from foetuses at term were in the saccular phase; thus, the development into the alveolar period occurs in the neonatal period. The histological analyses revealed that respiratory tract development is centrifugal, from upper to lower airways. Therefore, it is possible to identify distinct development periods in different portions of the same organ. In conclusion, the saccular phase of lung development begins around 57 and 60 days of pregnancy, the period in which surfactant production is believed to occur. Male and female foetuses present similar pulmonary development from early pregnancy until parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Sipriani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Riva E, Grandi F, Massetto N, Radaelli G, Giovannini M, Zetterström R, Agostoni C. Poly chlorinated biphenyls in colostral milk and visual function at 12 months of life. Acta Paediatr 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Santoro A, Mancini E, Gaggi R, Cavalcanti S, Severi S, Cagnoli L, Badiali F, Perrone B, London G, Fessy H, Mercadal L, Grandi F. Electrophysiological Response to Dialysis: The Role of Dialysate Potassium Content and Profiling. CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2005; 149:295-305. [PMID: 15876853 DOI: 10.1159/000085691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The task of dialysis therapy is, amongst other things, to remove excess potassium (K+) from the body. The need to achieve an adequate K+ removal with the risk of cardiac arrhythmias due to sudden intra-extracellular K+ gradient advises the distribution of the removal throughout the dialysis session instead of just in the first half. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrical behavior of two different K+ removal rates on myocardial cells (risk of arrhythmia and ECG alterations). Constant acetate-free biofiltration (AFB) and profiled K+ (decreasing during the treatment) AFB (AFBK) were used in a patient sample to understand, first of all, the effect on premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and on repolarization indices [QT dispersion (QTd) and principal component analysis (PCA)]. The study was divided into two phases: phase 1 was a pilot study to evaluate K+ kinetics and to test the effect on the electrophysiological response of the two procedures. The second phase was set up as an extended cross-over multicenter trial in patient subsets prone to arrhythmias during dialysis. Phase 1: PVC increased during both AFB and AFBK but less in the latter in the middle of dialysis (298 in AFB vs. 200 in AFBK). The PVC/h in a subset of arrhythmic patients was 404 +/- 145 in AFB and 309 +/- 116 in AFBK (p = 0.0028). QT interval (QTc) prolongation was less pronounced in AFBK than in AFB. Phase 2: The PVC again increased in both AFB and AFBK but less in the latter mid-way through dialysis (79 +/- 19 AFB vs. 53 +/- 13 AFBK). Moreover, in the most arrhythmic patients the benefit accruing from the smooth K+ removal rate was more pronounced (103 +/- 19 in AFB vs. 78 +/- 13 in AFBK). CONCLUSION It is not the K+ dialysis removal alone that can be destabilizing from an electrophysiological standpoint, but rather its removal dynamics. This is all the more evident in patients with arrhythmias who benefit from the K+ profiling during their dialysis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santoro
- Malpighi Nephrology Division, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Guarnieri F, Grandi F. [Acetate free biofiltration (AFB) and ionic dialysance]. G Ital Nefrol 2005; 22 Suppl 31:S117-9. [PMID: 15786383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Among various methods and models to evaluate the dialysis dose, the on-line measure of ionic dialysance gives good results. Compared to measured KT/V, ionic dialysance does not require blood sampling and, consequently, it reduces the risks and the costs. Functional evaluations during acetate free biofiltration (AFB treatments) confirm the usefulness of the on-line continuous measure by biosensors, especially when they are integrated in the dialysis machinery.
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Riva E, Grandi F, Massetto N, Radaelli G, Giovannini M, Zetterström R, Agostoni C. Polychlorinated biphenyls in colostral milk and visual function at 12 months of life. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:1103-7. [PMID: 15456203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Environmental contaminants such as persistent organic chlorines and heavy metals, which are supplied to the foetus by transplacental transfer and to breastfed infants by the milk, may impair cognitive functions. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to enhance development during foetal life and early infancy, may counteract the toxic effect of environmental contaminants. In this study, we have investigated whether polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) impair early development of vision, and whether such impairment can be modulated by essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. MATERIAL Healthy term infants born in Milan and its surroundings, and who were exclusively breastfed for at least 4 mo, were prospectively examined up to the age of 12 mo. METHODS Samples from colostrums, the first 2 d after delivery, and of mature breast-milk after 1 and 3 mo were collected. The samples were analyzed for PCB 105, 118, 138, 153, 156 and 180 and for DDT and DDE. In all infants, the plasma levels of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3 and C22:6 n-3 were analysed within the first three postnatal days. The PCB levels in colostral milk, as well as of LC-PUFAs in plasma, were considered to mirror perinatal supply. Visual function was evaluated by P100 with latency evoked potentials (VEPs) at 12 mo of age. Statistical analysis was based on simple and partial correlation coefficients (p < 0.05). RESULTS On bivariate analysis, wave latency VEP at 15 min was significantly related to the colostral levels of DDT, DDE and all examined PCBs except PCB 105 (with correlation coefficient r = 0.401 to 0.618), whereas P100 wave latency VEP at 60 min was related to DDT (r = 0.513) and PCB 180 (r = 0.504). Infant plasma levels of C22:6 n-3 were inversely associated with P100 wave latency at 60 min (r = -0.418) and at 1Hz-2J (r = -0.466). After controlling for C22:6 n-3, the partial correlation coefficient of P100 wave latency VEP at 15 min to the colostral level of PCB 180 was 0.403 (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Within the population of this study, a weak relation was found between impaired visual function at 12 mo of age of healthy infants and the levels of PCBs, DDT and DDE in colostral milk. The effect of impairment was no longer evident after controlling for the plasma level of LC-PUFAs as found in the infant a few days after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Riva
- Department of Paediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Agostoni C, Marangoni F, Grandi F, Lammardo AM, Giovannini M, Riva E, Galli C. Earlier smoking habits are associated with higher serum lipids and lower milk fat and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the first 6 months of lactation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:1466-72. [PMID: 14576760 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between maternal smoking habits, plasma lipids and milk fatty acid (FA) content and composition. DESIGN Breastfeeding mothers who gave birth to healthy, full-term infants were recruited. Mothers were interviewed on smoking habits, being defined smokers (S) when usually smoking at least five cigarettes per day before pregnancy. SETTING Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. SUBJECTS In total, 92 mothers: 61 non-S (NS) and 31 S. INTERVENTIONS Pooled hindmilk was collected at the first raise of milk (colostrum stage), 1, 3 and 6 months, and total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated. Maternal dietary habits were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Two subsamples (16 NS, 6 S) were investigated after delivery and at 3 months for serum lipids and FA status. At 6 months after delivery, the number of mothers still breastfeeding decreased to 30. Variables were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS In smoking mothers serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins were higher, while those of high-density lipoproteins were lower. TL content in breast milk was similar in the two groups just after delivery but higher in milk from NS at 1 month. TL content and FA absolute amounts of linoleic, arachidonic, alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid in breast milk were lower in S vs NS 1 month after delivery. Also 3 months after delivery, the breast milk of smoking mothers contained less DHA than the breast milk of nonsmoking mothers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal cigarette smoking in early pregnancy is associated with higher plasma lipid levels and lower milk TL and DHA content in the first months of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agostoni
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Agostoni C, Grandi F, Scaglioni S, Giannì ML, Torcoletti M, Radaelli G, Fiocchi A, Riva E. Growth pattern of breastfed and nonbreastfed infants with atopic dermatitis in the first year of life. Pediatrics 2000; 106:E73. [PMID: 11061810 DOI: 10.1542/peds.106.5.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growth of infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated based on the early type of feeding. The aim of this study was to assess the growth pattern of AD infants during the first 12 months of life in comparison to healthy infants, according to the early type of feeding (breastfed or nonbreastfed). METHODS Fifty-five term AD infants (36 breastfed and 19 nonbreastfed) and 114 term healthy infants (58 breastfed and 56 nonbreastfed) were evaluated by standardized growth indices (z scores; National Center for Health Statistics-World Health Organization data) through the first 12 months of life. RESULTS No difference was found between AD and healthy groups at birth. In AD infants, weight (WA) and length (LA) z scores decreased with age and were significantly lower, compared with healthy infants from the second month of age onward. The difference of mean z scores between AD and healthy infants at 12 months of age was -.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.00 to -.38) for WA and -.67 (95% CI: -.98 to -.36) for LA. The growth pattern of AD infants was not influenced by the early type of feeding, whereas in the 6- to 12-month period, the delay in growth was more pronounced in patients with more severe dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS In the first year of life, AD infants show a progressive impairment in growth irrespective of the early type of feeding. The severity of disease may be an independent factor negatively influencing growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agostoni
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Agostoni C, Grandi F, Giannì ML, Silano M, Torcoletti M, Giovannini M, Riva E. Growth patterns of breast fed and formula fed infants in the first 12 months of life: an Italian study. Arch Dis Child 1999; 81:395-9. [PMID: 10519710 PMCID: PMC1718130 DOI: 10.1136/adc.81.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the growth patterns of breast fed and formula fed Italian infants in the first 12 months of life using World Health Organisation (WHO) reference data. METHODS The growth patterns of 73 breast fed infants (36 male, 37 female) and 65 formula fed infants (35 male, 30 female) were compared. Solid foods were introduced with the same weaning schedules from the 5th month in both groups. The weight for age (WA), length for age (LA), and weight for length (WL) z scores (National Center for Health Statistics-WHO data) were calculated at birth, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS Breast fed infants had the highest z scores (WA, WL) at birth. Breast fed groups had significantly higher growth indices at 1 month (WA, LA), 2 months (WA) and 3 months (WA, LA) of age. Compared to breast fed groups, formula fed infants showed significantly higher WA z score changes in the 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-6 month intervals. LA z score changes were higher for breast fed infants at 0-1 month and for the formula fed infants at 4-6 months. In the 6-12 month interval growth indices progressively increased for the formula fed infants and declined for infants breast fed for longer (12 months). The 0-12 month changes in WA, LA, and WL z scores were positive for formula fed infants and negative for the 12 month breast fed group. Nevertheless, the 12 month breast fed group showed an absolute WA z score just below 0 (mean (SEM) -0.04 (0.26)) at 12 months. CONCLUSION The growth pattern of breast fed and formula fed Italian infants differs in the first 12 months of life. This questions the validity of current reference values for monitoring the growth of breast fed infants. Growth indices in breast fed groups, high at birth and closer than expected to the reference at 12 months, may reflect differences in genetic factors, intrauterine conditions, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agostoni
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 8 Via A di Rudinì, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Blanzieri E, Grandi F, Maio D. High-order behaviour in learning gate networks with lateral inhibition. Biol Cybern 1996; 74:73-83. [PMID: 8573655 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a neural network model incorporating activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation with multidimensional inputs. The processing unit used is based on a slightly simplified version of the Learning Gate Model proposed by Ciaccia et al. (1992). The network topology integrates a well-known biological neural circuit with a lateral inhibition connection subnet. By means of simulation experiments, we show that the proposed networks exhibit basic and high-order features of associative learning. In particular, overshadowing and blocking are reproduced in the presence of both noise-free and noisy inputs. The role of noise in the development of high-order learning capabilities is also discussed.
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22
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Grandi F, Avanzolini G, Cappello A. Analytic solution of the Variable-Volume Double-Pool urea kinetics model applied to parameter estimation in hemodialysis. Comput Biol Med 1995; 25:505-18. [PMID: 8665796 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(95)00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An analytic solution of the Variable-Volume Double-Pool urea kinetics model and its application to the estimation of clinically relevant parameters of the patient-machine system, are presented. These include the urea distribution volume and generation rate and the mean dialyzer clearance. The estimation of these parameters is based on the assumption of constant values for the diffusion coefficient between the two pools and the intra-extracellular volume ratio. Results obtained by computer simulations show that the effect of a +/- 50% variation of these parameters influences the estimates less than standard measurement errors. Starting from these results, four methods to in vivo estimate the urea distribution volume and generation rate from blood samples are compared. Two methods are based on the analytic solution of the double-pool model using seven samples (reference method) or three samples (new clinical method). The remaining methods are based on urea mass-balance and are largely used in the clinical practice. These last techniques differ from each other for the blood sample taken at the end of the treatment or 30 min later. The results obtained from hemofiltration sessions show that the urea generation rate is accurately estimated by all methods. The total distribution volume is still accurately estimated by the new clinical method while it is systematically underestimated by the urea mass-balance when the blood sample at the end of dialysis is used. Instead, a high overcompensation results using the blood sample taken 30 min after the end of dialysis. Finally, the new clinical method also provides reliable estimates for the dialyzer clearance starting from only three blood samples all taken during dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grandi
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and System Science, University of Bologna, Italy
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23
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Comai G, Cappello A, Grandi F, Avanzolini G. On-line estimation and prediction of urea kinetics during hemodialysis: a simulation approach. Int J Artif Organs 1995; 18:245-53. [PMID: 8567100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the on-line estimation of urea kinetic parameters from blood urea concentration (BUN) continuously measured during a dialysis session is proposed. The method, based on the variable-volume double-pool model, is evaluated through a simulation approach in order to easily consider a large set of well-controlled test conditions. The model is characterized by six parameters, knowledge of which enables early prediction of the end dialysis urea concentration and the dose of dialysis. The sensitivity of the model predicted BUN with respect to the parameters was first analyzed to investigate which can be reliably estimated from blood urea measurements taken at a suitable rate. This analysis showed that the model predicted BUN is highly sensitive to the initial blood urea concentration and to the dialyzer clearance, normalized with respect to the total initial distribution volume, while it is scarcely influenced by the normalized ultrafiltration and urea generation rates. The new on-line estimation technique keeps these two last parameters constant and takes advantage of an original analytic solution of the second order urea kinetics. The results of the estimation process on realistic simulated data showed that the proposed method provides early and reliable estimates of the normalized clearance and of the end dialysis concentration. The transcellular mass transfer coefficient and the intra-extra cellular volume ratio can also be estimated, although with less accuracy. Moreover, it was shown that the use of the single-pool model, instead of the double-pool one, provides systematic errors on the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Comai
- Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
In this paper a time-varying volume, double-pool urea kinetics model is considered and a sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine those patient parameters that have greater influence on the time course of blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN) during and between dialysis treatment. The model parameters include the urea generation rate, the initial distribution volume of the urea, the ratio between intracellular and extracellular volumes, and the mass transfer coefficient between the two pools. The analysis demonstrates that BUN is highly sensitive to the urea generation rate and total distribution volume whereas it is influenced by the remaining parameters to a much lesser extent. In addition, the location of the absolute maxima of BUN sensitivity functions suggests the rational placement of a reduced number of blood samples that may still allow sufficiently accurate estimates for the parameters of clinical interest, such as the urea generation rate, total distribution volume, and the ratio between intracellular and extracellular volumes. This conclusion has been confirmed by simulation studies where parameter estimation has been performed with a varying number of observation points.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica Informatica e Sistemistica, University of Bologna, Italy
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Cappello A, Grandi F, Lamberti C, Santoro A. Comparative evaluation of different methods to estimate urea distribution volume and generation rate. Int J Artif Organs 1994; 17:322-30. [PMID: 7806417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Eight methods to estimate urea distribution volume and generation rate from blood urea samples measured in dialysis patients are reviewed. An analytical solution has been provided for a double-pool variable volume kinetic model to allow for faster and more accurate simulation and identification. The reliable parameter estimates provided by the double-pool kinetic model starting from seven samples, were assumed as references for the estimates obtained by the remaining methods. These include three kinetic models and four methods based on urea mass-balance. In particular, the estimation techniques differ in the number of compartments where urea is assumed distributed (double- and single-pool) or in the number of blood urea samples. Among the methods based on mass-balance, two techniques neglecting the weight loss or the urea generation during dialysis, were also analysed. The results obtained during hemofiltration sessions using three samples, usually available in clinical practice at the beginning and at the end of dialysis, demonstrate that a new method based on double-pool kinetics provides, on average, the most reliable estimates. Moreover, methods belonging to a single pool view and including both weight loss and urea generation during dialysis seem to underestimate by 1 divided by 2 liters the urea distribution volume. However, neglecting the weight loss or the urea generation can overcompensate this error, resulting in a significant overestimation of the distribution volume. Finally, it has been experimentally proved that the single-pool kinetic methods overestimate the urea production rate, while techniques based on mass balance provide more reliable values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cappello
- Department of Electronics, University of Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
This paper investigates pubertal development in 57 epileptic subjects, ranging in age from 6 to 15 years, under anti-epileptic therapy for at least 2 years. The results were compared with those from a control group of healthy volunteers. The onset of stage II puberty was significantly earlier in both male and female treated epileptics than in healthy control subjects: at this stage serum levels of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) were found to be significantly lower in treated epileptic females than in healthy control females and the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly lower in treated epileptic males than in control subjects. At stage III puberty, serum levels of FSH were significantly lower both in male and female treated epileptic than in healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nalin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Modena, Italy
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Marrama P, Baraghini GF, Carani C, Celani MF, Giovenco P, Grandi F, Montanini V. Further studies on the effects of pentoxifylline on sperm count and sperm motility in patients with idiopathic oligo-asthenozoospermia. Andrologia 1985; 17:612-6. [PMID: 4083550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1985.tb01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (trental) treatment in male infertility, we studied 22 young men (mean age 28.4 years) with "idiopathic" oligo-asthenozoospermia treated for 6 months with the drug (1200 mg daily orally). Sperm concentration and sperm motility were determined before therapy, as well as after 3 and 6 months of pentoxifylline administration. Moreover, fructose concentrations in seminal fluid and sperm ATP levels were assayed before and at the end of the treatment in five semen samples. Pentoxifylline therapy significantly increased both sperm concentration and sperm motility. Sperm concentration showed a 1.5-fold increase (p less than 0.01) at the 3rd month of therapy, and a 2.0-fold increase (p less than 0.001) at the 6th month, whereas sperm motility increased by 1.8-fold (p less than 0.001) and by 2.8-fold (p less than 0.001) respectively. At the end of the treatment, fructose concentrations in seminal fluid were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than pretreatment values; in contrast, sperm ATP levels showed a significant (p less than 0.05) fall. These results suggest that pentoxifylline, probably acting on the cAMP metabolism, may be an useful drug in the treatment of idiopathic oligo-asthenozoospermia.
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Battistini A, Grzincich GL, Grandi F, Ferrara D, Carchesio I, Pistocchi S. [Aerosol administration in antibiotic therapy of cystic fibrosis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1983; 5:161-9. [PMID: 6647076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the response to aerosol antibiotic therapy in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, who because of severe lung disease, were obligated to frequent hospitalizations to undergo intravenous antibiotic therapy. Ten patients, aged 2 to 20 years were submitted to 4 months cycles of aerosol antibiotic therapy for a total of 18 cycles. The daily treatment consisted of carbenicillin 1 g b.d. and gentamicin 80 mgs b.d. At the end of treatment there was a statistically significant improvement of the modified Huang score and of single clinical parameters such as body growth, apetite, physical activity, clinical thoracic evaluation, appearance of sputum. Almost all of the radiographic items remained unchanged: in only 4 cases there was an improvement of the atelectasis-broncopneumonia type lesions. Regarding lung function, there was a statistically significant increase of maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMEF) from 40% predicted before treatment to 50% predicted after. The reduction of residual volume (RV) from 270% predicted before 170% predicted after treatment was quantitatively more important. Furthermore, the treatment brought about a drastic reduction in number of hospitalizations: from an average of 1,7 hospitalizations/year before to an average of 0,3 hospitalizations/year during treatment. The increased number of isolations of isolations of candida albicans is the only report which favors possible adverse effects, in particular the possibility that this type of treatment favors lung mycosis.
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Grandi F, Baratella B. [Problems of adolescence as viewed by the pediatrician]. Minerva Med 1978; 69:3099-111. [PMID: 714289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Castello G, Grandi F, Munari S. Gamma radiolysis of branched chain hydrocarbons: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane. Radiat Res 1975; 62:323-36. [PMID: 1124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Grandi F. [The psychological requirements of hospitalized children in relation to environment, nutrition and therapy]. Minerva Pediatr 1971; 23:1674-8. [PMID: 5132350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cantagalli P, Grandi F, Pieri J. [Comparison of 2 methods for determination of the biodegradability of tensio-active]. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 1971; 22:96-107. [PMID: 5140589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Castello G, Grandi F, Munari S. Gamma radiolysis of branched chain hydrocarbons: 2,2-dimethylbutane. Radiat Res 1971; 45:399-419. [PMID: 5543523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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34
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Grandi F. [Value of Savioli's diffusing vaccine during 20 years of use and comparative tests at the Istituto Provinciale Infanzia e Maternita in Bologna]. Clin Pediatr (Bologna) 1970; 52:332-5. [PMID: 5315024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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35
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Grasso A, Grandi F, Bosco G. [Hygienic study of the piped water supply of the province of Siena. 3. Chemical contamination indices]. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 1970; 21:270-4. [PMID: 5518521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Grasso A, Grandi F, Bosco G. [Hygienic study of water conducted in the province of Siena. II. Chemical indices of mineralization]. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 1969; 20:130-4. [PMID: 5397369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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37
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Grandi F. [Tumors in the newborn]. Minerva Pediatr 1967; 19:158-62. [PMID: 4299167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Grandi F. [Hydrogen vectors and normal and neoplastic mitosis]. Minerva Med 1966; 57:4381-9. [PMID: 5958229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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39
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Grandi F, Buzzi F. [Observations of growth of the premature infant, done in the Premature Infant Institute of Bologna during the 5 year periods 1929-1933 and 1959-1963]. Minerva Pediatr 1965; 17:1253-8. [PMID: 5851491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Grandi F. [Comparison between growth in the first year of life of the child raised in the institute (I.P.I. of Bologna) and of the child in private practice, conducted on an equal dietologic and therapeutic basis]. Minerva Pediatr 1965; 17:1258-62. [PMID: 5851492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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