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Rabaan AA, Bakhrebah MA, Alotaibi J, Natto ZS, Alkhaibari RS, Alawad E, Alshammari HM, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Almogbel MS, Aljohani MH, Alofi FS, Alharbi N, Al-Adsani W, Alsulaiman AM, Aldali J, Ibrahim FA, Almaghrabi RS, Al-Omari A, Garout M. Unleashing the power of artificial intelligence for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases: A comprehensive review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1837-1847. [PMID: 37769584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases present a global challenge, requiring accurate diagnosis, effective treatments, and preventive measures. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for analysing complex molecular data and improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. Computer-aided detection (CAD) using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has gained prominence for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and other infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, and viral pneumonia. The review discusses the challenges and limitations associated with AI in this field and explores various machine-learning models and AI-based approaches. Artificial neural networks (ANN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), support vector machines (SVM), multilayer neural networks (MLNN), CNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), and random forests (RF) are among the models discussed. The review emphasizes the potential of AI to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases, highlighting the need for further research and development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammed A Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alotaibi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf S Alkhaibari
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alawad
- Adult Infectious Diseases Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alshammari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 9280, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almogbel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 4030, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H Aljohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alharbi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wasl Al-Adsani
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City 63537, Kuwait; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hampton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hampton, VA 23667, USA
| | | | - Jehad Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al Ibrahim
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
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Shuaib M, Adroub S, Mourier T, Mfarrej S, Zhang H, Esau L, Alsomali A, Alofi FS, Ahmad AN, Shamsan A, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Hala S, Pain A. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid 203K/204R mutations on the inflammatory immune response in COVID-19 severity. Genome Med 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 37475040 PMCID: PMC10360309 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive inflammatory responses provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical factors affecting the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Previous work found that two adjacent co-occurring mutations R203K and G204R (KR) on the nucleocapsid (N) protein correlate with increased disease severity in COVID-19 patients. However, links with the host immune response remain unclear. METHODS Here, we grouped nasopharyngeal swab samples of COVID-19 patients into two cohorts based on the presence and absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid KR mutations. We performed nasopharyngeal transcriptome analysis of age, gender, and ethnicity-matched COVID-19 patients infected with either SARS-CoV-2 with KR mutations in the N protein (KR patients n = 39) or with the wild-type N protein (RG patients n = 39) and compared to healthy controls (n = 34). The impact of KR mutation on immune response was further characterized experimentally by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of virus-like-particle (VLP) incubated cells. RESULTS We observed markedly elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferon-stimulated (ISGs) genes in the KR patients compared to RG patients. Using nasopharyngeal transcriptome data, we found significantly higher levels of neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio in KR patients than in the RG patients. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of VLP incubated cells confirmed a similar hyper-inflammatory response mediated by the KR variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate an unforeseen connection between nucleocapsid KR mutations and augmented inflammatory immune response in severe COVID-19 patients. These findings provide insights into how mutations in SARS-CoV-2 modulate host immune output and pathogenesis and may contribute to more efficient therapeutics and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuaib
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabir Adroub
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Esau
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Nazir Ahmad
- KAUST Health - Fakeeh Care, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Shamsan
- Dr. Suliman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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Khateb AM, Alofi FS, Almutairi AZ. Increased prevalence of fungemia in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Front Epidemiol 2023; 3:1180331. [PMID: 38455891 PMCID: PMC10910952 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1180331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of fungal infection is increasing globally due to an increase in the immunocompromised and aging population. We investigated epidemiological changes in fungemia in one of the major centers in Medina over seven years period with 87,447 admissions. Methods Retrospective search of records for causative agents of fungemia in inpatients at King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in 2013-2019. Fungal-positive blood cultures, demographic, and treatment data were extracted. Results A total of 331 fungemia episodes proven by blood culture were identified in 46 patients. The annual prevalence of fungemia increased from 0.072 in 2013 to 1.546 patients per 1,000 in 2019. The mean age of fungemia episodes was 56 years, and 62% of episodes occurred in females. Samples from central blood incubated aerobically yielded the highest fungemia rate, accounting for 55% (n = 182). Among yeast species, Candida parapsilosis was responsible for the highest number of episodes 37% (n = 122), followed by Candida glabrata (32%; n = 107), Candid albicans (29%; n = 94), and Cryptococcus neoformans (1%; n = 4). Among molds, Lichtheimia (Absidia) species was the most common (1%; n = 3). Yeast-like fungi Trichosporion mucoides accounted for (0.003% n = 1). The use of antifungal treatment has increased (96%) over the years (2013-2019). An increase in resistance rate of 2% was found in C. albicans and C. glabrata. The most prevalent comorbidity was renal disease (24.2%). Conclusions C. parapsilosis was the leading cause of fungemia. The association of renal disease with increased candidemia was alarming. This study is a fundamental resource to establish management policies for fungal infection in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiah M. Khateb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Collage of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Beaudoin CA, Petsolari E, Hamaia SW, Hala S, Alofi FS, Pandurangan AP, Blundell TL, Chaitanya Vedithi S, Huang CLH, Jackson AP. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant spike N405 unlikely to rapidly deamidate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:61-67. [PMID: 37178506 PMCID: PMC10152834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The RGD motif on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been suggested to interact with RGD-binding integrins αVβ3 and α5β1 to enhance viral cell entry and alter downstream signaling cascades. The D405N mutation on the Omicron subvariant spike proteins, resulting in an RGN motif, has recently been shown to inhibit binding to integrin αVβ3. Deamidation of asparagines in protein ligand RGN motifs has been demonstrated to generate RGD and RGisoD motifs that permit binding to RGD-binding integrins. Two asparagines, N481 and N501, on the Wild-type spike receptor-binding domain have been previously shown to have deamidation half-lives of 16.5 and 123 days, respectively, which may occur during the viral life cycle. Deamidation of Omicron subvariant N405 may recover the ability to interact with RGD-binding integrins. Thus, herein, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the Wild-type and Omicron subvariant spike protein receptor-binding domains were conducted to investigate the potential for asparagines, the Omicron subvariant N405 in particular, to assume the optimized geometry for deamidation to occur. In summary, the Omicron subvariant N405 was primarily found to be stabilized in a state unfavourable for deamidation after hydrogen bonding with downstream E406. Nevertheless, a small number of RGD or RGisoD motifs on the Omicron subvariant spike proteins may restore the ability to interact with RGD-binding integrins. The simulations also provided structural clarification regarding the deamidation rates of Wild-type N481 and N501 and highlighted the utility of tertiary structure dynamics information in predicting asparagine deamidation. Further work is needed to characterize the effects of deamidation on spike-integrin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Beaudoin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom.
| | - Emmanouela Petsolari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Samir W Hamaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sharif Hala
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun P Pandurangan
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Sundeep Chaitanya Vedithi
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Antony P Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom.
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Rabaan AA, Alfaraj AH, Alshengeti A, Alawfi A, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Al-Najjar AH, Al Fares MA, Najim MA, Almuthree SA, AlShurbaji ST, Alofi FS, AlShehail BM, AlYuosof B, Alynbiawi A, Alzayer SA, Al Kaabi N, Abduljabbar WA, Bukhary ZA, Bueid AS. Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030671. [PMID: 36985244 PMCID: PMC10051215 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that some mAbs are antifungal suggests that antibody immunity may play a key role in the defense of the host against mycotic infections. The discovery of antibodies that guard against fungi is a significant advancement because it gives rise to the possibility of developing vaccinations that trigger protective antibody immunity. These vaccines might work by inducing antibody opsonins that improve the function of non-specific (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells) and specific (such as lymphocyte) cell-mediated immunity and stop or aid in eradicating fungus infections. The ability of antibodies to defend against fungi has been demonstrated by using monoclonal antibody technology to reconsider the function of antibody immunity. The next step is to develop vaccines that induce protective antibody immunity and to comprehend the mechanisms through which antibodies mediate protective effects against fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alawfi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Al-Najjar
- Drug & Poison Information Center, Pharmacy Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A. Najim
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souad A. Almuthree
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 43442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan T. AlShurbaji
- Outpatient Pharmacy, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh 91877, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M. AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthina AlYuosof
- Directorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alynbiawi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha A. Alzayer
- Parasitology Laboratory Department, Qatif Comprehensive Inspection Center, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Al Kaabi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesam A. Abduljabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakiyah A. Bukhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Bueid
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Taha I, Abdou Y, Hammad I, Nady O, Hassan G, Farid MF, Alofi FS, Alharbi N, Salamah E, Aldeeb N, Elmehallawy G, Alruwathi R, Sarah E, Rashad A, Rammah O, Shoaib H, Omar ME, Elmehallawy Y, Kassim S. Utilization of Antibiotics for Hospitalized Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7401-7411. [DOI: 10.2147/idr.s386162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Bi C, Ramos-Mandujano G, Tian Y, Hala S, Xu J, Mfarrej S, Esteban CR, Delicado EN, Alofi FS, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Pain A, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Li M. Simultaneous detection and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple respiratory viruses by rapid field-deployable sequencing. Med 2021; 2:689-700.e4. [PMID: 33821249 PMCID: PMC8011639 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies for monitoring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are crucial for combating the pandemic. Detection and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses require separate and complex workflows that rely on highly specialized facilities, personnel, and reagents. To date, no method can rapidly diagnose multiple viral infections and determine variants in a high-throughput manner. METHODS We describe a method for multiplex isothermal amplification-based sequencing and real-time analysis of multiple viral genomes, termed nanopore sequencing of isothermal rapid viral amplification for near real-time analysis (NIRVANA). It can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, human adenovirus, and human coronavirus and monitor mutations for up to 96 samples in real time. FINDINGS NIRVANA showed high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in 70 clinical samples with a detection limit of 20 viral RNA copies per μL of extracted nucleic acid. It also detected the influenza A co-infection in two samples. The variant analysis results of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples mirror the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, NIRVANA could simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) (an omnipresent virus and water-quality indicator) in municipal wastewater samples. CONCLUSIONS NIRVANA provides high-confidence detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 on the fly. We expect it to offer a promising solution for rapid field-deployable detection and mutational surveillance of pandemic viruses. FUNDING M.L. is supported by KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (BAS/1/1080-01). This work is supported by KAUST Competitive Research Grant (URF/1/3412-01-01; M.L. and J.C.I.B.) and Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia (J.C.I.B.). A.M.H. is supported by Saudi Ministry of Education (project 436).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Bi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeteng Tian
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinna Xu
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, No. 135 12, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ramos‐Mandujano G, Salunke R, Mfarrej S, Rachmadi AT, Hala S, Xu J, Alofi FS, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Alsomali A, Shinde DB, Hamdan S, Hong P, Pain A, Li M. A Robust, Safe, and Scalable Magnetic Nanoparticle Workflow for RNA Extraction of Pathogens from Clinical and Wastewater Samples. Glob Chall 2021; 5:2000068. [PMID: 33786197 PMCID: PMC7995109 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis and surveillance of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depend on nucleic acid isolation. Pandemics at the scale of COVID-19 can cause a global shortage of proprietary commercial reagents and BSL-2 laboratories to safely perform testing. Therefore, alternative solutions are urgently needed to address these challenges. An open-source method, magnetic-nanoparticle-aided viral RNA isolation from contagious samples (MAVRICS), built upon readily available reagents, and easily assembled in any basically equipped laboratory, is thus developed. The performance of MAVRICS is evaluated using validated pathogen detection assays and real-world and contrived samples. Unlike conventional methods, MAVRICS works directly in samples inactivated in phenol-chloroform (e.g., TRIzol), thus allowing infectious samples to be handled safely without biocontainment facilities. MAVRICS allows wastewater biomass immobilized on membranes to be directly inactivated and lysed in TRIzol followed by RNA extraction by magnetic nanoparticles, thereby greatly reducing biohazard risk and simplifying processing procedures. Using 39 COVID-19 patient samples and two wastewater samples, it is shown that MAVRICS rivals commercial kits in detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. Therefore, MAVRICS is safe, fast, and scalable. It is field-deployable with minimal equipment requirements and could become an enabling technology for widespread testing and wastewater monitoring of diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramos‐Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andri Taruna Rachmadi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CentreKing Saud University for Health SciencesMinistry of National Guard Health AffairsJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinna Xu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentKing Fahad HospitalAlmadinah Almunwarah11525Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research DepartmentGeneral Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah RegionMinistry of HealthMecca11176Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy UnitKing Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFaculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityAlmadinah Almunwarah71491Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited DiseasesTaibah UniversityAlmadinah Almunwarah71491Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentKing Abdullah Medical ComplexJeddah24246Saudi Arabia
| | - Digambar B. Shinde
- Division of Physical Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Hamdan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei‐Ying Hong
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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Takahashi M, Tehseen M, Salunke R, Takahashi E, Mfarrej S, Sobhy MA, Alhamlan FS, Hala S, Ramos-Mandujano G, Al-Qahtani AA, Alofi FS, Alsomali A, Hashem AM, Khogeer A, Almontashiri NAM, Lee JM, Mon H, Sakashita K, Li M, Kusakabe T, Pain A, Hamdan SM. Quick and Easy Assembly of a One-Step qRT-PCR Kit for COVID-19 Diagnostics Using In-House Enzymes. ACS Omega 2021; 6:7374-7386. [PMID: 33778250 PMCID: PMC7986002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One-step reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most widely applied method for COVID-19 diagnostics. Notwithstanding the facts that one-step qRT-PCR is well suited for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and that there are many commercially available one-step qRT-PCR kits in the market, their high cost and unavailability due to airport closures and shipment restriction became a major bottleneck that had driven the desire to produce the key components of such kits locally. Here, we provide a simple, economical, and powerful one-step qRT-PCR kit based on patent-free, specifically tailored versions of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and termed R3T (Rapid Research Response Team) one-step qRT-PCR. We also demonstrate the robustness of our enzyme production strategies and provide the optimal reaction conditions for their efficient augmentation in a one-step approach. Our kit was routinely able to reliably detect as low as 10 copies of the synthetic RNAs of SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, our kit successfully detected COVID-19 in clinical samples of broad viral titers with similar reliability and selectivity to that of the Invitrogen SuperScript III Platinum One-step qRT-PCR and TaqPath one-step RT-qPCR kits. Overall, our kit has shown robust performance in both laboratory settings and the Saudi Ministry of Health-approved testing facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Takahashi
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etsuko Takahashi
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Sobhy
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King
Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Makkah, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Makkah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Stem
Cell
and Regenration Laboratory. Biological and Environmental Sciences
and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious
Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 3177, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- King
Abdullah Medical Complex (KAMC), Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines
and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate
of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH Mecca 24321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah
University, Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakashita
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital
and Research Centre, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Stem
Cell
and Regenration Laboratory. Biological and Environmental Sciences
and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M. Hamdan
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Hashem AM, Alhabbab RY, Algaissi A, Alfaleh MA, Hala S, Abujamel TS, ElAssouli MZ, AL-Somali AA, Alofi FS, Khogeer AA, Alkayyal AA, Mahmoud AB, Almontashiri NAM, Pain A. Performance of Commercially Available Rapid Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121067. [PMID: 33352788 PMCID: PMC7767212 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread globally. Although several rapid commercial serological assays have been developed, little is known about their performance and accuracy in detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patient samples. Here, we have evaluated the performance of seven commercially available rapid lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) obtained from different manufacturers, and compared them to in-house developed and validated ELISA assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. While all evaluated LFIA assays showed high specificity, our data showed a significant variation in sensitivity of these assays, which ranged from 0% to 54% for samples collected early during infection (3–7 days post symptoms onset) and from 54% to 88% for samples collected at later time points during infection (8–27 days post symptoms onset). Therefore, we recommend prior evaluation and validation of these assays before being routinely used to detect IgM and IgG in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, our findings suggest the use of LFIA assays in combination with other standard methods, and not as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (M.-Z.E.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(12)-6400000 (ext. 21033)
| | - Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (M.-Z.E.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (M.-Z.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (A.P.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (M.-Z.E.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - M-Zaki ElAssouli
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia; (R.Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (M.-Z.E.)
| | - Afrah A. AL-Somali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunwarah 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asim A. Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health, Makkah 11176, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.M.); (N.A.M.A.)
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.M.); (N.A.M.A.)
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (A.P.)
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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11
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Hashem AM, Algaissi A, Almahboub SA, Alfaleh MA, Abujamel TS, Alamri SS, Alluhaybi KA, Hobani HI, AlHarbi RH, Alsulaiman RM, ElAssouli MZ, Hala S, Alharbi NK, Alhabbab RY, AlSaieedi AA, Abdulaal WH, Bukhari A, AL-Somali AA, Alofi FS, Khogeer AA, Pain A, Alkayyal AA, Almontashiri NAM, Ahmad BM, Li X. Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2020; 12:E1390. [PMID: 33291713 PMCID: PMC7761967 DOI: 10.3390/v12121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Antigen-specific responses are of unquestionable value for clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the kinetics of IgM, IgG against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N) proteins and their neutralizing capabilities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different disease presentations (i.e., mild, moderate or severe), need for intensive care units (ICU) admission or outcomes (i.e., survival vs death). We show that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were readily detectable in almost all COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Interestingly, significantly higher levels of nAbs as well as anti-S1 and -N IgG and IgM antibodies were found in patients with more severe symptoms, patients requiring admission to ICU or those with fatal outcomes. More importantly, early after symptoms onset, we found that the levels of anti-N antibodies correlated strongly with disease severity. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the kinetics of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan S. Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid A. Alluhaybi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya I. Hobani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Rahaf H. AlHarbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Reem M. Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - M-Zaki ElAssouli
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Sharif Hala
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif K. Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab A. AlSaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (T.S.A.); (S.S.A.); (K.A.A.); (H.I.H.); (R.H.A.); (R.M.A.); (M-Z.E.); (R.Y.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrah A. AL-Somali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 24246, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunwarah 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asim A. Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health, Makkah 11176, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0030, Japan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabi;
- Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bakur Mahmoud Ahmad
- Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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12
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Hashem AM, Algaissi A, Almahboub SA, Alfaleh MA, Abujamel TS, Alamri SS, Alluhaybi KA, Hobani HI, AlHarbi RH, Alsulaiman RM, ElAssouli MZ, Hala S, Alharbi NK, Alhabbab RY, AlSaieedi AA, Abdulaal WH, Bukhari A, Al-Somali AA, Alofi FS, Khogeer AA, Pain A, Alkayyal AA, Almontashiri NAM, Ahmad BM, Li X. Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2020. [PMID: 33291713 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20198309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Antigen-specific responses are of unquestionable value for clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the kinetics of IgM, IgG against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N) proteins and their neutralizing capabilities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different disease presentations (i.e., mild, moderate or severe), need for intensive care units (ICU) admission or outcomes (i.e., survival vs death). We show that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were readily detectable in almost all COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Interestingly, significantly higher levels of nAbs as well as anti-S1 and -N IgG and IgM antibodies were found in patients with more severe symptoms, patients requiring admission to ICU or those with fatal outcomes. More importantly, early after symptoms onset, we found that the levels of anti-N antibodies correlated strongly with disease severity. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the kinetics of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan S Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alluhaybi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya I Hobani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf H AlHarbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M-Zaki ElAssouli
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif K Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Y Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab A AlSaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah A Al-Somali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunwarah 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim A Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health, Makkah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0030, Japan.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabi.,Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakur Mahmoud Ahmad
- Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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13
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Algaissi A, Alfaleh MA, Hala S, Abujamel TS, Alamri SS, Almahboub SA, Alluhaybi KA, Hobani HI, Alsulaiman RM, AlHarbi RH, ElAssouli MZA, Alhabbab RY, AlSaieedi AA, Abdulaal WH, Al-Somali AA, Alofi FS, Khogeer AA, Alkayyal AA, Mahmoud AB, Almontashiri NAM, Pain A, Hashem AM. SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N-based serological assays reveal rapid seroconversion and induction of specific antibody response in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16561. [PMID: 33024213 PMCID: PMC7538990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread rapidly around the world, there is a need for well validated serological assays that allow the detection of viral specific antibody responses in COVID-19 patients or recovered individuals. In this study, we established and used multiple indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based serological assays to study the antibody response in COVID-19 patients. In order to validate the assays we determined the cut off values, sensitivity and specificity of the assays using sera collected from pre-pandemic healthy controls, COVID-19 patients at different time points after disease-onset, and seropositive sera to other human coronaviruses (CoVs). The developed SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N)-based ELISAs not only showed high specificity and sensitivity but also did not show any cross-reactivity with other CoVs. We also show that all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients tested in our study developed both virus specific IgM and IgG antibodies as early as week one after disease onset. Our data also suggest that the inclusion of both S1 and N in serological testing would capture as many potential SARS-CoV-2 positive cases as possible than using any of them alone. This is specifically important for tracing contacts and cases and conducting large-scale epidemiological studies to understand the true extent of virus spread in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Algaissi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan S Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alluhaybi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya I Hobani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf H AlHarbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M-Z Aki ElAssouli
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Y Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab A AlSaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah A Al-Somali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim A Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwa, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Ali Z, Aman R, Mahas A, Rao GS, Tehseen M, Marsic T, Salunke R, Subudhi AK, Hala SM, Hamdan SM, Pain A, Alofi FS, Alsomali A, Hashem AM, Khogeer A, Almontashiri NAM, Abedalthagafi M, Hassan N, Mahfouz MM. iSCAN: An RT-LAMP-coupled CRISPR-Cas12 module for rapid, sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Virus Res 2020; 288:198129. [PMID: 32822689 PMCID: PMC7434412 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects all aspects of human life. Detection platforms that are efficient, rapid, accurate, specific, sensitive, and user friendly are urgently needed to manage and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. RT-qPCR based methods are the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, these methods require trained personnel, sophisticated infrastructure, and a long turnaround time, thereby limiting their usefulness. Reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), a one-step nucleic acid amplification method conducted at a single temperature, has been used for colorimetric virus detection. CRISPR-Cas12 and CRISPR-Cas13 systems, which possess collateral activity against ssDNA and RNA, respectively, have also been harnessed for virus detection. Here, we built an efficient, rapid, specific, sensitive, user-friendly SARS-CoV-2 detection module that combines the robust virus amplification of RT-LAMP with the specific detection ability of SARS-CoV-2 by CRISPR-Cas12. Furthermore, we combined the RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12 module with lateral flow cells to enable highly efficient point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection. Our iSCAN SARS-CoV-2 detection module, which exhibits the critical features of a robust molecular diagnostic device, should facilitate the effective management and control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahas
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gundra Sivakrishna Rao
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tin Marsic
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit K Subudhi
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif M Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- King Abdullah Medical Complex (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences and Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norhan Hassan
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy M Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Alahmadi YM, Alharbi RH, Aljabri AK, Alofi FS, Alshaalani OA, Alssdi BH. Adherence to the guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in a Saudi tertiary care hospital. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:136-141. [PMID: 32368210 PMCID: PMC7184216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study evaluated the adherence to the guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in a Saudi tertiary care hospital. Methods The medical records of 707 patients from the surgical units over a selected 3-month period were selected. The data were reviewed and statistically analysed. Results Of the 707 respondents, 51.2% were women and most were older than 50 years. The most common surgical procedures involved orthopaedics (28.3%), followed by vascular surgery (15.1%). One hundred and thirty-eight (19.5%) patients received antibiotics according to the guidelines for surgical prophylaxis. More than half of the patients (399/56.4%) received antibiotics for more than 24 h and 129 (18.2%) received antibiotics for less than 24 h. Single dose antibiotic therapy was used in 179 (25.3%) patients. Two hundred and ninety-seven (42%) patients underwent clean surgery, 284 (40%) clean-contaminated and 128 (18%) contaminated surgery. A significant difference was evident between the antibiotics administered according to the recommended guidelines and the duration of antibiotic therapy (p = 0.001), duration (p = 0.001) and the type of surgical procedure (p = 0.00). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that healthcare professionals do not strictly adhere to the guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Physicians are therefore encouraged to follow the recommendations appropriately and to regularly implement surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis for patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser M Alahmadi
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Raed H Alharbi
- Pharmacy Department, Almadinah Almunawwarah General Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Ahmad K Aljabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Omimah A Alshaalani
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Baiaan H Alssdi
- Pharmacy Department, Almadinah Almunawwarah General Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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