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Zaltron E, Vianello F, Ruzza A, Palazzo A, Brillo V, Celotti I, Scavezzon M, Rossin F, Leanza L, Severin F. The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2797. [PMID: 38474044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed and well characterized member of the transglutaminase family. It is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme implicated in the regulation of several cellular pathways that support the survival, death, and general homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. Due to its multiple localizations both inside and outside the cell, TG2 participates in the regulation of many crucial intracellular signaling cascades in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, making this enzyme an important player in disease development and progression. Moreover, TG2 is capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment, a process of dynamic tissue remodeling and biomechanical events, resulting in changes which influence tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Even if generally related to the Ca2+-dependent post-translational modification of proteins, a number of different biological functions have been ascribed to TG2, like those of a peptide isomerase, protein kinase, guanine nucleotide binder, and cytosolic-nuclear translocator. With respect to cancer, TG2's role is controversial and highly debated; it has been described both as an anti- and pro-apoptotic factor and is linked to all the processes of tumorigenesis. However, numerous pieces of evidence support a tissue-specific role of TG2 so that it can assume both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessia Ruzza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberta Palazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Celotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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2
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Muccioli S, Brillo V, Varanita T, Rossin F, Zaltron E, Velle A, Alessio G, Angi B, Severin F, Tosi A, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Falasca L, Checchetto V, Ciaccio R, Fascì A, Chieregato L, Rebelo AP, Giacomello M, Rosato A, Szabò I, Romualdi C, Piacentini M, Leanza L. Transglutaminase Type 2-MITF axis regulates phenotype switching in skin cutaneous melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:704. [PMID: 37898636 PMCID: PMC10613311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its high heterogeneity that drives tumor aggressiveness. Melanoma plasticity consists of two distinct phenotypic states that co-exist in the tumor niche, the proliferative and the invasive, respectively associated with a high and low expression of MITF, the master regulator of melanocyte lineage. However, despite efforts, melanoma research is still far from exhaustively dissecting this phenomenon. Here, we discovered a key function of Transglutaminase Type-2 (TG2) in regulating melanogenesis by modulating MITF transcription factor expression and its transcriptional activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that TG2 expression affects melanoma invasiveness, highlighting its positive value in SKCM. These results suggest that TG2 may have implications in the regulation of the phenotype switching by promoting melanoma differentiation and impairing its metastatic potential. Our findings offer potential perspectives to unravel melanoma vulnerabilities via tuning intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Fascì
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Severin F, Mouawad N, Ruggeri E, Visentin A, Martinello L, Pagnin E, Trimarco V, Pravato S, Angotzi F, Facco M, Trentin L, Frezzato F. Focal adhesion kinase activation by calcium-dependent calpain is involved in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell aggressiveness. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:224-236. [PMID: 37495265 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Signalling events downstream the B-cell receptor (BCR) are central for the survival and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), regulated through calpain, interacts with molecules of BCR signalling, cytoskeletal modelling and disease progression, such as Src/Lyn, cortactin and HS1. Hypothesizing that FAK might play a key role in CLL pathogenesis, we observed a down-modulation of FAK whole form, associated with FAK cleavage due to calpain activity upon BCR stimulation. Patients, whose cells were able to release Ca++ after BCR stimulation, had less amount of full-length FAK, which translated into a higher presence of cleaved/activated form of the protein phosphorylated at Y397, these features being mostly shown by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV)-unmutated poor-prognosis patients. Moreover, we found that cortactin and HS1 proteins were overexpressed in those cells, suggesting a possible interplay with FAK. Treatment with the FAK inhibitor Defactinib was able to induce apoptosis in CLL cells. In conclusion, the malignant phenotype in unfavourable-prognosis patients seems to be encouraged by the overexpression of cortactin and HS1, that, together with FAK, may be involved in a druggable pathogenetic pathway in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Severin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martinello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Pravato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Angotzi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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4
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Mouawad N, Capasso G, Ruggeri E, Martinello L, Severin F, Visentin A, Facco M, Trentin L, Frezzato F. Is It Still Possible to Think about HSP70 as a Therapeutic Target in Onco-Hematological Diseases? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040604. [PMID: 37189352 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for molecules to be targeted that are involved in apoptosis resistance/increased survival and pathogenesis of onco-hematological malignancies is ongoing since these diseases are still not completely understood. Over the years, a good candidate has been identified in the Heat Shock Protein of 70kDa (HSP70), a molecule defined as “the most cytoprotective protein ever been described”. HSP70 is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults, allowing cells to survive lethal conditions. This molecular chaperone has been detected and studied in almost all the onco-hematological diseases and is also correlated to poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. In this review, we give an overview of the discoveries that have led us to consider HSP70 as a therapeutic target for mono- or combination-therapies in acute and chronic leukemias, multiple myeloma and different types of lymphomas. In this excursus, we will also consider HSP70 partners, such as its transcription factor HSF1 or its co-chaperones whose druggability could indirectly affect HSP70. Finally, we will try to answer the question asked in the title of this review considering that, despite the effort made by research in this field, HSP70 inhibitors never reached the clinic.
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5
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Severin F, Urbani A, Varanita T, Bachmann M, Azzolini M, Martini V, Pizzi M, Tos APD, Frezzato F, Mattarei A, Ghia P, Bertilaccio MTS, Gulbins E, Paradisi C, Zoratti M, Semenzato GC, Leanza L, Trentin L, Szabò I. Pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 potassium channel selectively triggers pathological B lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo in a genetic CLL model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:64. [PMID: 35172855 PMCID: PMC8848658 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels are emerging as promising oncological targets. The potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa are highly expressed in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, compared to healthy lymphocytes. In vitro, inhibition of mitoKv1.3 by PAPTP was shown to kill ex vivo primary human CLL cells, while targeting IKCa with TRAM-34 decreased CLL cell proliferation. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of the above drugs in CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients and in combination with Venetoclax, two drugs used in the clinical practice. The effects of the drugs were tested also in the Eμ-TCL1 genetic CLL murine model, characterized by a lympho-proliferative disease reminiscent of aggressive human CLL. Eμ-TCL1 mice showing overt disease state were treated with intraperitoneal injections of non-toxic 5 nmol/g PAPTP or 10 nmol/g TRAM-34 once a day and the number and percentage of pathological B cells (CD19+CD5+) in different, pathologically relevant body districts were determined. RESULTS We show that Kv1.3 expression correlates with sensitivity of the human and mouse neoplastic cells to PAPTP. Primary CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients could be killed with PAPTP and this drug enhanced the effect of Venetoclax, by acting on mitoKv1.3 of the inner mitochondrial membrane and triggering rapid mitochondrial changes and cytochrome c release. In vivo, after 2 week- therapy of Eμ-TCL1 mice harboring distinct CLL clones, leukemia burden was reduced by more than 85%: the number and percentage of CLL B cells fall in the spleen and peritoneal cavity and in the peripheral blood, without signs of toxicity. Notably, CLL infiltration into liver and spleen and splenomegaly were also drastically reduced upon PAPTP treatment. In contrast, TRAM-34 did not exert any beneficial effect when administered in vivo to Eμ-TCL1 mice at non-toxic concentration. CONCLUSION Altogether, by comparing vehicle versus compound effect in different Eμ-TCL1 animals bearing unique clones similarly to CLL patients, we conclude that PAPTP significantly reduced leukemia burden in CLL-relevant districts, even in animals with advanced stage of the disease. Our results thus identify PAPTP as a very promising drug for CLL treatment, even for the chemoresistant forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Carlo Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy.
| | - Ildiko Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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6
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Visentin A, Frezzato F, Severin F, Imbergamo S, Pravato S, Romano Gargarella L, Manni S, Pizzo S, Ruggieri E, Facco M, Brunati AM, Semenzato G, Piazza F, Trentin L. Lights and Shade of Next-Generation Pi3k Inhibitors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9679-9688. [PMID: 33061448 PMCID: PMC7532889 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment (i.e. therapy and management) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (i.e. the disease) has been improved thanks to the introduction (i.e. approval) of kinase inhibitors during the last years. PI3K is one of the most important kinases at the crossroad to the B-cell receptor and cytokine receptor which play a key role in CLL cell survival, proliferation and migration. Idelalisib is the first in class PI3Kδ inhibitor approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory CLL in combination with rituximab. Idelalisib activity in heavily treated patients is balanced by recurrent adverse events which limit its long-term use. These limitations prompt the investigation on novel PI3K inhibitors, also targeting different protein isoforms, and alternative schedule strategies. In this regard, duvelisib is the only PI3K γ and δ inhibitor approved as single agent for relapsed CLL. In this review, we will address novel insights on PI3K structure, isoforms, regulating signaling and the most updated data of next-generation PI3K inhibitors in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Imbergamo
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Pravato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leila Romano Gargarella
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Serena Pizzo
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ruggieri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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7
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Frezzato F, Raggi F, Martini V, Severin F, Trimarco V, Visentin A, Scomazzon E, Accordi B, Bresolin S, Piazza F, Facco M, Basso G, Semenzato G, Trentin L. HSP70/HSF1 axis, regulated via a PI3K/AKT pathway, is a druggable target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3089-3100. [PMID: 31044428 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the role played by the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (HSP70) in cancer, we characterized this protein and its major regulator, the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We found both HSP70 and HSF1 overexpressed in CLL patients, correlated to poor prognosis and abnormally localized in the nucleus of leukemic B cells. The two proteins were strictly correlated each other and their levels decreased consensually in those patients responding to in vivo therapeutic regimens. HSP70 and HSF1 inhibition was proved to be effective in inducing a dose-dependent in vitro apoptosis of CLL B cells. Considering that HSF1 is finely regulated by kinases belonging to pathways triggered by rat sarcoma (RAS), we benefited from a previous proteomic study performed in CLL patients aiming to assess the activation/expression of key signaling proteins. We found that patients showing high levels of HSP70 also expressed high Akt-Ser473, thus activating HSF1. Inhibition of PI3K, which activates AKT, reduced the expression of HSF1 and HSP70. By contrast, HSP70-low patients displayed high activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, known to negatively regulate HSF1. These data demonstrate that the HSP70 expression is regulated by the modulation of HSF1 activity through the activation of RAS-regulated pathways and suggest the HSP70/HSF1 interplay as an interesting target for antileukemic therapies. Finally, inhibition of PI3K, that activates AKT, reduced the expression of HSF1 and HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Flavia Raggi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scomazzon
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
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8
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Visentin A, Facco M, Gurrieri C, Pagnin E, Martini V, Imbergamo S, Frezzato F, Trimarco V, Severin F, Raggi F, Scomazzon E, Pravato S, Piazza F, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Prognostic and Predictive Effect of IGHV Mutational Status and Load in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Focus on FCR and BR Treatments. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2019; 19:678-685.e4. [PMID: 31371221 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most important markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are TP53 abnormalities, including mutations and deletions, and the mutational status of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes. However, some recent publications suggest that the IGHV mutational load could have a prognostic effect on CLL patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective study on 459 patients with productive rearrangement of the B-cell receptor to evaluate the prognostic and predictive role of IGHV mutational status and burden within the germline sequence. In particular we focused on FCR (fludarabine with cyclophosphamide, and rituximab)- (64 naive and 30 relapsed) and BR (bendamustine with rituximab)-treated patients (17 naive and 61 relapsed). A cutoff value of 2% of difference within the IGHV germline was used to define the IGHV mutational status. RESULTS We reported that unmutated IGHV (U-IGHV) patients were characterized by a significant shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (P < .0001) compared with mutated IGHV (M-IGHV) patients. Moreover, treatment-naive M-IGHV patients experienced a long-term disease control after FCR or BR, with PFS reaching a plateau regardless of mutational load. In our series the extent of IGHV gene mutation did not provide further relevant prognostic data over the mutational status. Relapsed patients showed dismal outcome with chemoimmunotherapy regardless of IGHV status or load. CONCLUSION Our data, together with from those from the literature, confirmed the cutoff value of 2% to define the mutational status of IGHV gene and suggest that FCR/BR are good first-line treatment strategies for M-IGHV patients, whereas U-IGHV patients should be managed with B-cell receptor and/or B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Imbergamo
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavia Raggi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scomazzon
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Pravato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy.
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9
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Martini V, Frezzato F, Severin F, Raggi F, Trimarco V, Martinello L, Molfetta R, Visentin A, Facco M, Semenzato G, Paolini R, Trentin L. Abnormal regulation of BCR signalling by c-Cbl in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32219-32231. [PMID: 30181811 PMCID: PMC6114956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of molecules involved in signal transduction pathways are connected to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and a critical role has been already ascribed to B-Cell Receptor (BCR)-Lyn axis. E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, working together with adapter protein CIN85, controls the degradation of protein kinases involved in BCR signaling. To investigate cell homeostasis in CLL, we studied c-Cbl since in normal B cells it is involved in the ubiquitin-dependent Lyn degradation and in the down-regulation of BCR signaling. We found that c-Cbl is overexpressed and not ubiquitinated after BCR engagement. We observed that c-Cbl did not associate to CIN85 in CLL with respect to normal B cells at steady state, nor following BCR engagement. c-Cbl association to Lyn was not detectable in CLL after BCR stimulation, as it happens in normal B cells. In some CLL patients, c-Cbl is constitutively phosphorylated at Y731 and in the same subjects, it associated to regulatory subunit p85 of PI3K. Moreover, c-Cbl is constitutive associated to Cortactin in those CLL patients presenting Cortactin overexpression and bad prognosis. These results support the hypothesis that c-Cbl, rather than E3 ligase activity, could have an adaptor function in turn influencing cell homeostasis in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavia Raggi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martinello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padua, Italy
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10
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Martini V, Gattazzo C, Frezzato F, Trimarco V, Pizzi M, Chiodin G, Severin F, Scomazzon E, Guzzardo V, Saraggi D, Raggi F, Martinello L, Facco M, Visentin A, Piazza F, Brunati AM, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Cortactin, a Lyn substrate, is a checkpoint molecule at the intersection of BCR and CXCR4 signalling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:81-93. [PMID: 28419476 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is a substrate of the Src kinase Lyn that is known to play an actin cytoskeletal regulatory role involved in cell migration and cancer progression following its phosphorylation at Y421. We recently demonstrated that Cortactin is overexpressed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This work was aimed at defining the functional role of Cortactin in these patients. We found that Cortactin is variably expressed in CLL patients both in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes and that its expression correlates with the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the motility of neoplastic cells. Cortactin knockdown, by siRNA, induced a reduction in MMP-9 release as well as a decrease of migration capability of leukaemic B cells in vitro, also after chemotactic stimulus. Furthermore, Cortactin phosphorylation was lowered by the Src kinase-inhibitor PP2 with a consequent decrease of MMP-9 release in culture medium. An impaired migration, as compared to control experiments without Cortactin knockdown, was observed following CXCL12 triggering. Reduced Cortactin expression and phosphorylation were also detected both in vivo and in vitro after treatment with Ibrutinib, a Btk inhibitor. Our results highlight the role of Cortactin in CLL as a check-point molecule between the BCR and CXCR4 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Gattazzo
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chiodin
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scomazzon
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Saraggi
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Flavia Raggi
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martinello
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Leanza L, Romio M, Becker KA, Azzolini M, Trentin L, Managò A, Venturini E, Zaccagnino A, Mattarei A, Carraretto L, Urbani A, Kadow S, Biasutto L, Martini V, Severin F, Peruzzo R, Trimarco V, Egberts JH, Hauser C, Visentin A, Semenzato G, Kalthoff H, Zoratti M, Gulbins E, Paradisi C, Szabo I. Direct Pharmacological Targeting of a Mitochondrial Ion Channel Selectively Kills Tumor Cells In Vivo. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:516-531.e10. [PMID: 28399409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potassium channel Kv1.3 is highly expressed in the mitochondria of various cancerous cells. Here we show that direct inhibition of Kv1.3 using two mitochondria-targeted inhibitors alters mitochondrial function and leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated death of even chemoresistant cells independently of p53 status. These inhibitors killed 98% of ex vivo primary chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia tumor cells while sparing healthy B cells. In orthotopic mouse models of melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the compounds reduced tumor size by more than 90% and 60%, respectively, while sparing immune and cardiac functions. Our work provides direct evidence that specific pharmacological targeting of a mitochondrial potassium channel can lead to ROS-mediated selective apoptosis of cancer cells in vivo, without causing significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Romio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Managò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Venturini
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Zaccagnino
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, CAU, Kiel, and Department of Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3 (Haus 17), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Carraretto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stephanie Kadow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, CAU, Kiel, and Department of Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3 (Haus 17), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, CAU, Kiel, and Department of Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3 (Haus 17), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Immunological Branch, University of Padova, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, CAU, Kiel, and Department of Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3 (Haus 17), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA.
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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12
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Visentin A, Imbergamo S, Gurrieri C, Frezzato F, Trimarco V, Martini V, Severin F, Raggi F, Scomazzon E, Facco M, Piazza F, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Major infections, secondary cancers and autoimmune diseases occur in different clinical subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Eur J Cancer 2016; 72:103-111. [PMID: 28027513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major infections (MIs), secondary cancers (SCs) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) are the most common and relevant complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. METHODS We performed a single-centre retrospective study to investigate the prevalence of the above quoted complications, the association with most important prognostic markers and their impact on survival (n = 795). RESULTS Almost one out of three patients experienced at least one complication and only 0.9% of the cohort developed all three complications. One hundred and twenty (20%) subjects developed SC, 98 MI (12%) and 80 AD (10%); these complications seem to occur in a mutually exclusive manner. By Kaplan-Meier analysis we estimated that after 20 years from the diagnosis SC, MI and AD occurred in 48%, 42% and 29% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, we showed that some clinical and biological markers are skewed among patients with different complications and that subjects with MI and SC had a worse prognosis than those with AD and all other patients (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the existence of different clinical subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients characterised by an increased and different risk for developing specifically MI, SC and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Silvia Imbergamo
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Flavia Raggi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scomazzon
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy.
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Italy.
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13
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Trimarco V, Ave E, Facco M, Chiodin G, Frezzato F, Martini V, Gattazzo C, Lessi F, Giorgi CA, Visentin A, Castelli M, Severin F, Zambello R, Piazza F, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Cross-talk between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) tumor B cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs): implications for neoplastic cell survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42130-49. [PMID: 26517523 PMCID: PMC4747215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients interact with stromal cells of the surrounding microenvironment. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) represent the main population in CLL marrow stroma, which may play a key role for disease support and progression. In this study we evaluated whether MSCs influence in vitro CLL cell survival. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of 46 CLL patients and were characterized by flow cytometry analysis. Following co-culture of MSCs and leukemic B cells, we demonstrated that MSCs were able to improve leukemic B cell viability, this latter being differently dependent from the signals coming from MSCs. In addition, we found that the co-culture of MSCs with leukemic B cells induced an increased production of IL-8, CCL4, CCL11, and CXCL10 chemokines. As far as drug resistance is concerned, MSCs counteract the cytotoxic effect of Fludarabine/Cyclophosphamide administration in vivo, whereas they do not protect CLL cells from the apoptosis induced by the kinase inhibitors Bafetinib and Ibrutinib. The evidence that leukemic clones are conditioned by environmental stimuli suggest new putative targets for therapy in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Ave
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chiodin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Gattazzo
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Lessi
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Giorgi
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Castelli
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
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14
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Frezzato F, Accordi B, Trimarco V, Gattazzo C, Martini V, Milani G, Bresolin S, Severin F, Visentin A, Basso G, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Profiling B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia by reverse phase protein array: Focus on apoptotic proteins. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1061-1070. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0715-301r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Visentin A, Facco M, Frezzato F, Castelli M, Trimarco V, Martini V, Gattazzo C, Severin F, Chiodin G, Martines A, Bonaldi L, Gianesello I, Pagnin E, Boscaro E, Piazza F, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Integrated CLL Scoring System, a New and Simple Index to Predict Time to Treatment and Overall Survival in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2015; 15:612-20.e1-5. [PMID: 26233718 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several prognostic factors have been identified to predict the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but only a few studies analyzed more markers together. PATIENTS AND METHODS Taking advantage of a population of 608 patients, we identified the strongest prognostic markers of survival and, subsequently, in a cohort of 212 patients we integrated data of cytogenetic lesions, IGHV mutational status, and CD38 expression in a new and easy scoring system we called the integrated CLL scoring system (ICSS). ICSS defines 3 groups of risk: (1) low risk (patients with 13q(-) or normal fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis results, mutated IGHV, and CD38) (2) high risk (all 11q(-) or 17p(-) patients and/or all unmutated IGHV and CD38(+) patients); and (3) intermediate risk (all remaining patients). RESULTS Using only these 3 already available prognostic factors, we were able to properly redefine patients and better predict the clinical course of the disease. CONCLUSION ICSS could become a useful tool for CLL patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Monica Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Cristina Gattazzo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chiodin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bonaldi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, IOV-IRCSS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gianesello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Boscaro
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy.
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Avanzata, Italy.
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Sadler J, Shapoori K, Malyarenko E, Severin F, Maev RG. Locating an acoustic point source scattered by a skull phantom via time reversal matched filtering. J Acoust Soc Am 2010; 128:1812-1822. [PMID: 20968354 DOI: 10.1121/1.3479550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the utilization of the time reversal matched filtering method to resolve the location of an acoustic point source beneath a skull phantom (variable thickness layer), without the removal of this layer. This acoustical process is examined experimentally in a water tank immersion system containing an acoustic source, a custom-made skull phantom, and a receiving transducer in a pitch-catch arrangement. The phantom is designed to approximately model the acoustic properties of an average human skull bone (minus the diploe layer), while the variable thickness of the phantom introduces a variable time delay to the acoustic wave, relative to its entry point on the phantom. This variable delay is measured and corrected for, and a matched filtering time reversed process is used to determine the location of the point source. The results of the experiment are examined for various positions of the acoustic source behind the phantom and compared to the reference cases with no phantom present. The average distance between these two cases is found to be 4.36 mm, and within the expected deviation in results due to not accounting for the effects of refraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sadler
- Institute for Diagnostic Imaging Research, 688 University Avenue West, Windsor, Ontario N9A 5R5, Canada.
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17
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Bocharova N, Chave-Cox R, Sokolov S, Knorre D, Severin F. Protein aggregation and neurodegeneration: clues from a yeast model of Huntington's disease. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2009; 74:231-234. [PMID: 19267681 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by the appearance of intracellular protein aggregates. Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a mutation in a gene encoding huntingtin. The mutation causes the expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) domain and consequently polyQ-containing aggregates accumulate and neurons in the striatum die. The role of the aggregates is still not clear: they may be the cause of cytotoxicity or a manifestation of the cellular attempt to remove the misfolded proteins. There is accumulating evidence that the main cause of HD is the interaction of the mutated huntingtin with other polyQ-containing proteins and molecular chaperones and most studies based on a yeast model of HD support this point of view. Data obtained using yeasts suggest pathological consequences of polyQ-proteasomal interaction: proteasomal overload by polyQs may interfere with functions of the cell cycle-regulating proteins.
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Lebailly P, Devaux A, Pottier D, De Meo M, Andre V, Baldi I, Severin F, Bernaud J, Durand B, Henry-Amar M, Gauduchon P. Urine mutagenicity and lymphocyte DNA damage in fruit growers occupationally exposed to the fungicide captan. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:910-7. [PMID: 14634181 PMCID: PMC1740442 DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.12.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine haematological parameters, urine mutagenicity (on three Salmonella typhimurium strains), and DNA damage (using the comet assay) in mononuclear leucocytes of farmers before and after a one-day spraying period of pear and apple trees with the fungicide captan in usual conditions. METHODS Fruit growers were exposed to captan during the 1998 (n = 12) and/or the 2000 spraying seasons (n = 17). Biological samples were collected on the morning of the day of spraying (S1), the evening after spraying (S2), and the morning of the day after (S3). The UK Predictive Operator Exposure Model (UK-POEM) was used to quantify pesticide exposure intensity. RESULTS No effect was observed on haematological parameters for these two spraying seasons. Proportions of mutagenic urine samples did not significantly differ between S1 and S2/S3 sampling points. In contrast with strains TA97a and YG1041 mainly sensitive to frameshift mutations, a positive trend was observed between the difference (S3-S1) of mutagenic power on strain TA102 detecting base-pair mutations and the exposure predicted value given by UK-POEM, mainly due to parameters related to protective clothing. No significant variations in DNA damage levels were observed between S1 and S3, nor were correlations observed with parameters of pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS A one-day spraying period with captan and other pesticides does not significantly induce DNA damages in mononuclear leucocytes. In contrast, an inefficient protective clothing could correlate with an increase in urine mutagenicity as assessed by the TA102 tester strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lebailly
- GRECAN (EA-1772), Université de Caen, 14076 CAEN Cedex 5, France.
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Severin F, Hyman AA, Piatti S. Correct spindle elongation at the metaphase/anaphase transition is an APC-dependent event in budding yeast. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:711-8. [PMID: 11724813 PMCID: PMC2150857 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200104096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Revised: 10/10/2001] [Accepted: 10/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At the metaphase to anaphase transition, chromosome segregation is initiated by the splitting of sister chromatids. Subsequently, spindles elongate, separating the sister chromosomes into two sets. Here, we investigate the cell cycle requirements for spindle elongation in budding yeast using mutants affecting sister chromatid cohesion or DNA replication. We show that separation of sister chromatids is not sufficient for proper spindle integrity during elongation. Rather, successful spindle elongation and stability require both sister chromatid separation and anaphase-promoting complex activation. Spindle integrity during elongation is dependent on proteolysis of the securin Pds1 but not on the activity of the separase Esp1. Our data suggest that stabilization of the elongating spindle at the metaphase to anaphase transition involves Pds1-dependent targets other than Esp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Severin
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nielsen
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 regulates membrane docking and fusion in the early endocytic pathway. Here we reveal a new role for Rab5 in the regulation of endosome interactions with the microtubule network. Using Rab5 fused to green fluorescent protein we show that Rab5-positive endosomes move on microtubules in vivo. In vitro, Rab5 stimulates both association of early endosomes with microtubules and early-endosome motility towards the minus ends of microtubules. Moreover, similarly to endosome membrane docking and fusion, Rab5-dependent endosome movement depends on the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase hVPS34. Thus, Rab5 functionally links regulation of membrane transport, motility and intracellular distribution of early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nielsen
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse, Dresden D-01307, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- F Severin
- Cell Biology Program, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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Müller-Reichert T, Chrétien D, Severin F, Hyman AA. Structural changes at microtubule ends accompanying GTP hydrolysis: information from a slowly hydrolyzable analogue of GTP, guanylyl (alpha,beta)methylenediphosphonate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3661-6. [PMID: 9520422 PMCID: PMC19892 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic polymers that interconvert between periods of slow growth and fast shrinkage. The energy driving this nonequilibrium behavior comes from the hydrolysis of GTP, which is required to destabilize the microtubule lattice. To understand the mechanism of this destabilization, cryo-electron microscopy was used to compare the structure of the ends of shrinking microtubules assembled in the presence of either GTP or the slowly hydrolyzable analogue guanylyl (alpha,beta)methylenediphosphonate (GMPCPP). Depolymerization was induced by cold or addition of calcium. With either nucleotide, we have observed curled oligomers at the ends of shrinking microtubules. However, GDP oligomers were consistently more curved than GMPCPP oligomers. This difference in curvature between depolymerizing GDP and GMPCPP protofilaments suggests that GTP hydrolysis is accompanied by an increase in curvature of the protofilaments, thereby destabilizing the lateral interactions between tubulin subunits in the microtubule lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller-Reichert
- Cell Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Postfach 1022.09, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tobiasch E, Rabreau M, Geletneky K, Laruë-Charlus S, Severin F, Becker N, Schlehofer JR. Detection of adeno-associated virus DNA in human genital tissue and in material from spontaneous abortion. J Med Virol 1994; 44:215-22. [PMID: 7852963 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890440218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The human helper virus-dependent parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has never been associated with disease in humans [Berns et al. (1987): Advances in Virus Research 32:243-306; Siegl et al. (1985): Intervirology 23:61-73]. However, in pregnant mice, infection with AAV induces early abortion [Botquin et al. (1993): Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 119:24]. We investigated whether this common human virus may be found in human genital tissue or in curettage material from spontaneous abortion. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) AAV type 2 DNA was amplified in histological sections of 19 of 30 biopsies of the uterine mucosa. In addition, AAV-2 DNA was detected in abortion material during the first trimester of pregnancy (12/30 cases were positive) but not in material of abortion from the second or third trimester (9 cases). Whereas in tissues from the uterus AAV DNA was found only by PCR, large amounts of viral DNA were detectable by Southern blot analysis in abortion material. In situ hybridization revealed DNA of AAV to be present in the villous moiety (trophoblast) of the placenta but not in the embryo or decidua. in the same cells, AAV proteins (including the replication-associated rep proteins) were detected by immunofluorescence analysis. These results suggest (1) that AAV infects the uterine mucosa (possibly persistently) and (2) that it can replicate in trophoblast cells. This might disturb placenta development and may play a role in early miscarriage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tobiasch
- F.S. Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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van der Brempt X, Derue G, Severin F, Colin L, Gilbeau JP, Heller F. Ludwig's angina and mediastinitis due to Streptococcus milleri: usefulness of computed tomography. Eur Respir J 1990; 3:728-31. [PMID: 2379578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive use of antibiotics, Ludwig's angina remains a potentially lethal infection because of the risk of upper airway obstruction and spread into the mediastinum. We present two patients who survived mediastinitis complicating Ludwig's angina due to Streptococcus milleri. Computed tomography performed early in the course of the disease detected pus collections and directed appropriate drainage procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- X van der Brempt
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Jolimont, Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium
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van der Brempt X, Derue G, Severin F, Colin L, Gilbeau JP, Heller F. Ludwig's angina and mediastinitis due to Streptococcus milleri: usefulness of computed tomography. Eur Respir J 1990. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.03060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive use of antibiotics, Ludwig's angina remains a potentially lethal infection because of the risk of upper airway obstruction and spread into the mediastinum. We present two patients who survived mediastinitis complicating Ludwig's angina due to Streptococcus milleri. Computed tomography performed early in the course of the disease detected pus collections and directed appropriate drainage procedures.
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Leroux R, Viau G, Hovasse E, Severin F, Sarfati A, Alexandre G, Leroy M, Godon J, Malassenet S, Desroches C. [Architecture and senile dementia]. Soins 1987:47-9. [PMID: 2956689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
In 144 healthy subjects tonic heat stimuli were applied with a contact thermode and systematically varied with respect to 3 parameters: temperature T, rate of temperature change RTC, and duration D. In addition, the stimulus temperature at which the first sensation of pain occurred was produced by some subjects. In both types of experiments, subjects compared heat intensity felt at the beginning and the end of the stimulus and then set stimulus temperature to correspond with their initial sensation. The direction of this temperature change (delta T) indicates whether the subject senses an augmentation or a diminution of heat intensity. There was a parallel occurrence of pain and sensitization to sustained heat. The average skin temperature of the point of transition from adaptation to sensitization was equal to the average pain threshold temperature. The temperature change response maintained individual differences of thermal and pain sensitivity and was highly consistent for each subject. Potential applications of the procedure in clinical and experimental pain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Severin
- Neurologische Poliklinik, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 8000 Munich 80 F.R.G
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Abstract
By means of experimentally induced heat pain, the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) was studied in 51 healthy volunteers. TNS produces an elevation of the lower range of sensitiveness to pain ("elevated pain threshold") and hence pain relief. The findings are compared with neurophysiological results from leads of polymodal human C-fibres and spinothalamic tract (dorsal horn) neurons. Their importance for clinical pain syndromes is discussed.
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Strian F, Severin F, Müller J, Montag N. [Diagnosis of painful diabetic small fiber neuropathy using temperature sense thresholds]. Nervenarzt 1984; 55:103-7. [PMID: 6700800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Maurach R, Severin F, Strian F. [Quantitative studies on stereoesthesia (author's transl)]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1982; 50:121-6. [PMID: 7095720 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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