Cytogenetic features of buccal epithelium under exposure to harmful factors of metallurgical production

At the present stage of development of society, the issues of preserving and strengthening the most important productive force that determine the economic development and national security of the country remain relevant. Metallurgy is one of the basic industries in Russia, which forms up to 20% of GDP. This study assesses the condition of the oral mucosa in workers in the industry. To evaluate the formation of micronuclei in buccal cells as an early biomarker of health disorders as a result of occupational exposure to production factors of a metallurgical plant. Hygienic and clinical laboratory tests were carried out for workers of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological studies of the buccal epithelium were performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied programs IBM, SPSS, Statistics, Microsoft Excel. The general assessment of working conditions in accordance with the criteria of R.2.2.2006-05 for workers of the metallurgical plant was established as 3.2-3.3. Analysis of the buccal epithelium revealed the occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders in the workers of the main group. Cells with atypical nuclei were identified in workers with a duration of contact with unfavorable factors of production for more than ten years. Signs of nuclear destruction were revealed, characterizing an increase in apoptotic activity in workers with prolonged contact times. Studies have shown that with more than 10 years of work experience, proliferation processes prevail over differentiation processes. The results obtained can be used as diagnostic methods that expand the prospects for identifying pre-pathological and pathological conditions.

Production and genetic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among petrochemical industry workers

AIM

To study the production and genetic factors affecting the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the petrochemical industry workers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

There was carried out an assessment of the working conditions and the state of health of 860 workers of petrochemical plants males, including 548 apparatchiks (main group) and 312 fitters of instrumentation and automation (comparison group). The main risk factors with subsequent assessment of cardiovascular risk (SSR) on the scale SCORE (Sistematic COronary Risk Evaluation) were studied. The analysis of the frequency distribution of deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 glutathione among the workers of the basic trades involving patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and practically healthy workers.

RESULTS

The development and progression of CVD in petrochemical production workers affects a complex working environment hazards and the labor process, corresponding, according to R2.2.2006-05, classes, working conditions 3.1-3.3 Labor intensity. The most common form of cardiovascular nosology was hypertonic disease (HD), identified in 46,9% of apparatchiks and 29,2% of fitters of instrumentation and automation. Determination of the relative risk etiological share of the working environment factors in the development of HD showed high degree of professional conditioning of the disease in a group of apparatchiks (RR=1,58, and EF=36,7%). Molecular genetic factor predisposing to the development of CVD, is the deletion of the GSTM1 gene. This genetic marker could be used as a predictor of individual risk criterion CVD.

CONCLUSION

A comprehensive assessment of working conditions of workers of petrochemical plants showed that the priority factors of occupational risk for apparatchiks are air pollution of the working area with harmful substances (class 3.1-3.2), noise (class 3.1) and labor intensity (class 3.1). It has been established that in the formation of cardiovascular diseases under the influence of production factors, genetic factors can participate.

[Structure and dynamics of occupational morbidity in Bashkortostan Republic]

The authors represent data on analysis of dinamics and structure of occupational incidence in Bashkortostan Republic, according to archive documents of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, on occupational morbidity dynamics over 2008-2014, on its regional peculiarities.

[THE CHOLINESTERASE OF BLOOD SERUM IN WORKERS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE]

The biochemical study of activity of serum cholinesterase in workers of industrial enterprise was carried out on the example of petrochemical industry. The indicators of average activity of enzyme and prevalence of indicators going beyond limits of reference values were analyzed depending on manufacturing-labor experience, profession and diseases established in workers. The main diseases, professional and labor experience groups were identified where activity of cholinesterase significantly changes. The impact of labor experience and profession on level of activity ofenzyme in blood serum is demonstrated.

[Specificities of intracellular metabolism in agricultural workers]

The purpose of the study was to identify and assess specific features of intracellular metabolism under the conditions of combined impact of biological and chemical work environment factors in agricultural workers. We have detected an activation of energetic and hydrolytic processes, suppression of antioxidant protection mechanisms in blood cells in workers of basic occupations. A most marked disorder of intracellular metabolism has been identified in poultry female workers. More significant activity deviations of acid phosphatase and glycogen in neutrophils and lymphocytes, myeloperoxidase in neutrophils have diagnosed in these workers.

[Occupational morbidity in oil production industry of Bashkortostan Republic]

The authors studied occupational morbidity accumulated over 35 years in oil industry workers of Bashkortostan Republic. Leading place in morbidity structure is occupied by diseases caused by physical overload and certain organs and systems overstrain (81.5%), by physical factors (10.6%). Occupational respiratory diseases cover 6.4%, oil products intoxications--3.1%, skin diseases--0.6%.

[Social and hygienic factors influencing health state of oil workers in Bashkortostan]

Requirements for oil workers' health care and necessary measures to meet the requirements were evaluated through anonymous questionnaire suggested by WHO experts. The obtained data prove high motivation and stable attention of Bashkortostan oil workers to their health care, healthy lifestyle.

[Occupational health risks in workers engaged into oil processing]

Based on complex hygienic, clinical and medical statistic studies, the authors characterized structure and degree of occupational risks in oil processing.

[Main results of scientific researches in oil industry]

Clinical and hygienic research was carried out in major oil extracting, oil processing and petrochemical enterpirses. Complex of industrial hazards results in occupational diseases of mild and medium severity, in increase of occupationally mediated diseases. The article covers sanitary and epidemiologic evaluation of oil processing and petrochemical products, technical documentation certificates for these products are obtained.

[Complex evaluation of work conditions and health state of oil industry workers]

The authors studied influence of occupational environment and work process factors on health of workers engaged into oil extraction. Analysis covered 7487 oil industry workers. Locomotory system and peripheral nervous system diseases, arterial hypertension, ENT diseases, gastro-intestinal disorders appeared to play leading role in the morbidity structure revealed. The studies helped to specify measures to preserve the oil workers health.

[Gene polymorphism of xenobiotics in workers of petroleum and chemical industry]

Increasing use of aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, known mutagens and carcinogens, in petrochemistry leads to higher number of workers having occupational contact with those chemicals. Most alien chemicals (xenobiotics) incorporated into human body do not demonstrate direct biological effects but undergo various biologic transformations. Humans proved to have genetic control over metabolism of xenobiotics entering the body, so various individuals depending on genetic features could be resistant or otherwise be extremely sensitive to chemical agents.

[Evaluation of health status among workers in the oil mining industry and problems of primary prophylaxis]

Thorough medical examination covered 1,400 individuals who work with oil and gas extraction devices, are aged 20 to 58 and have length of service 5 to 30 years. Findings are high prevalence of locomotory disorders, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, signs of ear exposure to noise. The authors justified complex of primary prophylactic measures including work optimization, meticulous occupational selection, qualified medical control and sanative measures.

[Specific oncological skin lesions in glass fibre production]

During 1986-1999 a total of 49 patients having occupational skin diseases are followed up in Occupational Diseases Center of Bashkortostan Republic. These diseases tend to increase, especially in glass fibre production. As occupational hyperkeratosis and skin cancer increase in workers engaged into glass fibre production, such industry could be considered as oncologically risky.