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Introducing Photo-Cross-Linkable Functionalities on P(VDF-co-TrFE) Ferroelectric Copolymer. Chempluschem 2024:e202400113. [PMID: 38471131 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectric polymers have emerged as crucial materials for the development of advanced organic electronic devices. Their recent high-end commercial applications as fingerprint sensors have only increased the amount of scientific interest around them. Despite an ever-larger body of studies focusing on optimizing the properties of ferroelectric polymers by physical means (e. g., annealing, stretching, blending or nano-structuring), post-polymerization chemical modification of such polymers has only recently become a field of active study with great promise in expanding the scope of those polymers. In this work, a solution-based post-polymerization modification method was developed for the safe and facile grafting of a plethora of functional groups to the backbone of commercially available Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene P(VDF-co-TrFE) ferroelectric polymers. To showcase the versatility of this approach, photosensitive groups were grafted onto the polymeric backbone, enabling them to undergo photo-cross-linking. Finally, these modified polymers were used as functional negative photoresists in a photolithographic process, highlighting the potential of this method to integrate ferroelectric fluorinated electroactive polymers into standard electronic microfabrication production lines.
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Improved Performance of Organic Thermoelectric Generators Through Interfacial Energetics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206954. [PMID: 37132565 PMCID: PMC10369274 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial energetics are known to play a crucial role in organic diodes, transistors, and sensors. Designing the metal-organic interface has been a tool to optimize the performance of organic (opto)electronic devices, but this is not reported for organic thermoelectrics. In this work, it is demonstrated that the electrical power of organic thermoelectric generators (OTEGs) is also strongly dependent on the metal-organic interfacial energetics. Without changing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of polythiophene-based conducting polymers, the generated power of an OTEG can vary by three orders of magnitude simply by tuning the work function of the metal contact to reach above 1000 µW cm-2 . The effective Seebeck coefficient (Seff ) of a metal/polymer/metal single leg OTEG includes an interfacial contribution (Vinter /ΔT) in addition to the intrinsic bulk Seebeck coefficient of the polythiophenes, such that Seff = S + Vinter /ΔT varies from 22.7 µV K-1 [9.4 µV K-1 ] with Al to 50.5 µV K-1 [26.3 µV K-1 ] with Pt for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):p-toluenesulfonate [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)]. Spectroscopic techniques are used to reveal a redox interfacial reaction affecting locally the doping level of the polymer at the vicinity of the metal-organic interface and conclude that the energetics at the metal-polymer interface provides a new strategy to enhance the performance of OTEGs.
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Non-destructive depth-dependent morphological characterization of ferroelectric:semiconducting polymer blend films. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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The versatile Co 2+/Co 3+ oxidation states in cobalt alumina spinel: how to design strong blue nanometric pigments for color electrophoretic display. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34125-34135. [PMID: 35529990 PMCID: PMC9074073 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue cobalt inorganic pigments with spinel-type structure have been revisited in order to understand the origin of blackening at low temperatures and to design strong blue nanosized materials. Starting from a sol–gel process, the so-called Pechini route, the correlation between the structural features (inversion rate, Co over-stoichiometry, Co valence states) of the spinel network and its thermal history under air up to high temperatures (T = 1400 °C) allows concluding that the stabilization of CoIII in octahedral sites is at the origin of the blackening of the pigment annealed at low and medium temperatures. EELS coupled with TEM analyses (occurrence of multiple phases with various Al/Co atomic ratios) lead to us to conclude definitively about the variation of Co valence states. A top-down (mechanical grinding) and a bottom-up approach lead to the definition of a synthesis route (co-precipitation in basic medium followed by annealing at medium temperatures under Ar) allowing the design of strong blue pure nano-sized pigments to be incorporated in inks. Hybrid blue positively charged particles were mixed with white negatively charged particles to formulate dual-colour inks. A dual-colour display was filled with the as-prepared inks and tested under ±150 V. Blue cobalt inorganic pigments with spinel-type structure have been revisited in order to understand the origin of blackening at low temperatures and to design strong blue nanosized materials.![]()
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Triaryl-1,4-diamine-based polysquaraines: effect of co-solvent and monomer insertion on optoelectronic properties. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emission of the synthesized polysquaraine (left) and CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram of the corresponding OLED (right).
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Carbazole-based π-conjugated polyazomethines: Effects of catenation and comonomer insertion on optoelectronic features. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of squaraine-based alternated π-conjugated copolymers: from conventional cross-coupling reactions to metal-free polycondensation. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low band-gap π-conjugated copolymers based on squaraine units can be synthesized through classical Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling reactions (in blue), or through a metal-free polycondensation (in green).
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Design of colored multilayered electrophoretic particles for electronic inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3602-3610. [PMID: 21866907 DOI: 10.1021/am200815a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of multilayered latex particles with surface functional groups suitable for use as electrophoretic particles in electronic inks has been studied. The particles are formed by dispersion polymerization and have a polystyrene core, slightly cross-linked with divinylbenzene (DVB), and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) shell. After grafting alkyl chains on their surface, the particles are negatively or positively charged and sterically stabilized against aggregation in nonpolar solvent. The particles were dyed by incorporation of Nigrosin during polymerization or by swelling in supercritical CO(2) in the presence of a dye. Particle size, morphology, incorporated dye content and zeta potential were determined. A dual-particle electronic ink based on a mixture of the colored multilayered particles and white hybrid TiO(2)-polymer particles was prepared and electro-optically tested.
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11
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Characterization of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices using advanced secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Encapsulation of TiO2 in poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-based cationic microparticles for electrophoretic inks. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Self-assembly of rod-coil block copolymers from weakly to moderately segregated regimes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2007; 24:379-384. [PMID: 18204811 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-assembly behaviour of two homologue series of rod-coil block copolymers in which, the rod, a pi -conjugated polymer, is maintained fixed in size and chemical structure, while the coil is allowed to vary both in molecular weight and chemical nature. This allows maintaining constant the liquid crystalline interactions, expressed by Maier-Saupe interactions, omega , while varying the tendency towards microphase separation, expressed by the product between the Flory-Huggins parameter and the total polymerization degree, chi N . Therefore, the systems presented here allow testing directly some of the theoretical predictions for the self-assembly of rod-coil block copolymers in a weakly segregated regime. The two rod-coil block copolymer systems investigated were poly(DEH-p-phenylenevinylene-b-styrene), whose self-assembly takes place in the very weakly segregated regime, and poly(DEH-p-phenylenevinylene-b-4vinylpyridine), for which the self-assembly behaviour occurs under increased tendency towards microphase separation, hereby referred to as moderately segregated regime. Experimental results for both systems are compared with predictions based on Landau expansion theories.
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Low-angle neutron scattering study of the lateral extension of chains in lamellar styrene isoprene block copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00230a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Scattering theory and properties of block copolymers with various architectures in the homogeneous bulk state. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00183a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Topological constraints and their influence on the properties of synthetic macromolecular systems. 2. Micelle formation of triblock copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00169a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Molecular weight dependence of lamellar structure in styrene isoprene two- and three-block copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00230a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Dilute solution characterization of cyclic polystyrene molecules and their zero-shear viscosity in the melt. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00169a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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The Free Surface of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Formation and Growth of Surface Relief Structures. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00126a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of dilute solutions of cyclic and linear polystyrenes. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00169a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Synthesis of Segmented (PB(PS-block-PB)n) and (PB(SAN-block-PB)n) Block Copolymers via Polymeric Thermal Iniferters. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00123a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Topological constraints and their influence on the properties of synthetic macromolecular systems. 1. Cyclic macromolecules. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00169a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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29
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30
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Topological constraints and their influence on the properties of synthetic macromolecular systems. 3. Triblock copolymers attached to a surface. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00169a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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32
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Polymer topology and diffusion: a comparison of diffusion in linear and cyclic macromolecules. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00041a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Scattering by linear, branched, and copolymer chain molecules for large scattering vectors. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00073a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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37
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38
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39
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“Living” Free Radical Photopolymerization Initiated from Surface-Grafted Iniferter Monolayers. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9910944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Amphiphile micelles formed by polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) heteroarm star copolymers in toluene. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Terminal Anhydride Functionalized Polystyrene by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Used for the Compatibilization of Nylon 6/PS Blends. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Direct View of Structural Regimes of End-Grafted Polymer Monolayers: A Scanning Force Microscopy Study. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Entropic Elasticity of Single Polymer Chains of Poly(methacrylic acid) Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981245n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Excimer luminescence from single crystals and films of a cyano-substituted phenylene–vinylene model compound. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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On the Interfacial Width in Triblock versus Diblock Copolymers: A Neutron Reflectivity Investigation. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980551y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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47
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Evolution of Block Copolymer Micellar Size and Structure Evidenced with Cryo Electron Microscopy. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971011o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Chemical contrast on a microphase-separated block copolymer surface observed by scanning force microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 1998; 10:452-456. [PMID: 21647975 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199804)10:6<452::aid-adma452>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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49
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50
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Optical properties of single crystals and vacuum-deposited thin films of a substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene). Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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