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Albuquerque MTD, Antunes IMHR, Oliveira NP, Pelletier G. Impact of sewage effluent discharges prediction using QUAL2Kw in a sensitive protected area: Portugal. SN Appl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Besnier E, Clavier T, Tonon MC, Pelletier G, Dureuil B, Castel H, Compère V. Anesthetic drugs modulate feeding behavior and hypothalamic expression of the POMC polypeptide precursor and the NPY neuropeptide. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:96. [PMID: 30053804 PMCID: PMC6064126 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several hypnotic drugs have been previously identified as modulators of food intake, but exact mechanisms remain unknown. Feeding behavior implicates several neuronal populations in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus including orexigenic neuropeptide Y and anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin producing neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate in mice the impact of different hypnotic drugs on food consumption and neuropeptide Y or pro-opiomelanocortine mRNA expression level in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Methods Saline control, isoflurane, thiopental, midazolam or propofol were administered to C57Bl/6 mice. Feeding behavior was evaluated during 6 h. In situ hybridization of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortine mRNAs in the hypothalamus brain region was also performed. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test and analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results Midazolam, thiopental and propofol induced feeding behavior. Midazolam and thiopental increased neuropeptide Y mRNA level (respectively by 106 and 125%, p < 0.001) compared with control. Propofol and midazolam decreased pro-opiomelanocortine mRNA level by 31% (p < 0,01) compared with control. Isoflurane increased pro-opiomelanocortine mRNA level by 40% compared with control. Conclusion In our murine model, most hypnotics induced food consumption. The hypnotic-induced regulation of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortine hypothalamic peptides is associated with this finding. Our data suggest that administration of some hypnotic drugs may affect hypothalamic peptide precursor and neuropeptide expression and concomittantly modulate food intake. Thus, this questions the choice of anesthetics for better care management of patients undergoing major surgery or at risk of undernutrition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-018-0557-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Besnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France. .,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, EnVi, 76000, Rouen, France. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - T Clavier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - M C Tonon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - G Pelletier
- Research Center in Molecular Endocrinology, Oncology and Genetics, Laval University Hospital Center, Quebec, G1V4G2,, Canada
| | - B Dureuil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - H Castel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - V Compère
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Arakawa M, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Büchele M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Caroff S, Carosi A, Carr J, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Colafrancesco S, Condon B, Conrad J, Davids ID, Decock J, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Dirson L, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dutson K, Dyks J, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Emery G, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gaté F, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Hahn J, Haupt M, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Iwasaki H, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katsuragawa M, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, López-Coto R, Lypova I, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima S, de Naurois M, Ndiyavala H, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Saito S, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schandri M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Shiningayamwe K, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spir-Jacob M, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Sushch I, Takahashi T, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tiziani D, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zanin R, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Żywucka N. Search for γ-Ray Line Signals from Dark Matter Annihilations in the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:201101. [PMID: 29864326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral lines are among the most powerful signatures for dark matter (DM) annihilation searches in very-high-energy γ rays. The central region of the Milky Way halo is one of the most promising targets given its large amount of DM and proximity to Earth. We report on a search for a monoenergetic spectral line from self-annihilations of DM particles in the energy range from 300 GeV to 70 TeV using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood method taking advantage of both the spectral and spatial features of the signal versus background. The analysis makes use of Galactic center observations accumulated over ten years (2004-2014) with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess above the background is found. We derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩ for monoenergetic DM lines at the level of 4×10^{-28} cm^{3} s^{-1} at 1 TeV, assuming an Einasto DM profile for the Milky Way halo. For a DM mass of 1 TeV, they improve over the previous ones by a factor of 6. The present constraints are the strongest obtained so far for DM particles in the mass range 300 GeV-70 TeV. Ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to explore relevant velocity-averaged cross sections for DM annihilation into two γ-ray photons at the level expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - P Bordas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Büchele
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Carosi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - J Decock
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - L Dirson
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Emery
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Gaté
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Glawion
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Haupt
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Iwasaki
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M Katsuragawa
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mohrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Nakashima
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Ndiyavala
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Odaka
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Q Piel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - H Prokoph
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Rauth
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Rinchiuso
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Saito
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schandri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Settimo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Shiningayamwe
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Spir-Jacob
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T Takahashi
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - J-P Tavernet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Tiziani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Rensburg
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R Zanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Zorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Abdalla H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Andersson T, Angüner EO, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Öttl S, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Żywucka N. H.E.S.S. Limits on Linelike Dark Matter Signatures in the 100 GeV to 2 TeV Energy Range Close to the Galactic Center. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:151302. [PMID: 27768338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l=-1.5°, b=0° and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. RESULTS No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdalla
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - T Andersson
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - E O Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Chrétien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Goyal
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M-H Grondin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - T Jogler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Lefranc
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Murach
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
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| | - H Odaka
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| | - S Ohm
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| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Öttl
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
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| | - R D Parsons
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| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Poon
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| | - D Prokhorov
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| | - H Prokoph
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| | - G Pühlhofer
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| | - M Punch
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- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
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| | - A Reimer
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| | - O Reimer
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| | - M Renaud
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| | - R de Los Reyes
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| | - C Romoli
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| | - S Rosier-Lees
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| | - G Rowell
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| | - B Rudak
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| | - C B Rulten
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| | - V Sahakian
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| | - D Salek
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| | - D A Sanchez
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| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
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| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
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| | - S Schwemmer
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| | - M Settimo
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| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
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| | - R Simoni
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| | - H Sol
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| | - G Spengler
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| | - F Spies
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ł Stawarz
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| | - K Stycz
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| | - I Sushch
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| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
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| | - M Tluczykont
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| | - C Trichard
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| | - R Tuffs
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| | - J van der Walt
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| | - C van Eldik
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| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
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| | - J Veh
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| | - C Venter
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| | - A Viana
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| | - P Vincent
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| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
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| | - H J Völk
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| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
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| | - R White
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| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
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| | - D Wouters
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| | - R Yang
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| | - V Zabalza
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Zaborov
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| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner E, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lui R, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Öttl S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spieß F, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Żywucka N. Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:111301. [PMID: 27661677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using γ-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant γ-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 6×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the W^{+}W^{-} channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the τ^{+}τ^{-} channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Chrétien
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Universié, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Aix Marseille Universié, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Füßling
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Goyal
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Holler
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - T Jogler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ulica Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Lefranc
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Lui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - U Menzler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Murach
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Niederwanger
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Odaka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Öttl
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - B Peyaud
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - H Prokoph
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D Salek
- GRAPPA, Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Spengler
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Spieß
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - F Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Stycz
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J-P Tavernet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zabalza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Marcowith A, Bret A, Bykov A, Dieckman ME, Drury LO, Lembège B, Lemoine M, Morlino G, Murphy G, Pelletier G, Plotnikov I, Reville B, Riquelme M, Sironi L, Novo AS. The microphysics of collisionless shock waves. Rep Prog Phys 2016; 79:046901. [PMID: 27007555 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/4/046901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Collisionless shocks, that is shocks mediated by electromagnetic processes, are customary in space physics and in astrophysics. They are to be found in a great variety of objects and environments: magnetospheric and heliospheric shocks, supernova remnants, pulsar winds and their nebulæ, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts and clusters of galaxies shock waves. Collisionless shock microphysics enters at different stages of shock formation, shock dynamics and particle energization and/or acceleration. It turns out that the shock phenomenon is a multi-scale non-linear problem in time and space. It is complexified by the impact due to high-energy cosmic rays in astrophysical environments. This review adresses the physics of shock formation, shock dynamics and particle acceleration based on a close examination of available multi-wavelength or in situ observations, analytical and numerical developments. A particular emphasis is made on the different instabilities triggered during the shock formation and in association with particle acceleration processes with regards to the properties of the background upstream medium. It appears that among the most important parameters the background magnetic field through the magnetization and its obliquity is the dominant one. The shock velocity that can reach relativistic speeds has also a strong impact over the development of the micro-instabilities and the fate of particle acceleration. Recent developments of laboratory shock experiments has started to bring some new insights in the physics of space plasma and astrophysical shock waves. A special section is dedicated to new laser plasma experiments probing shock physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier CNRS/Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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7
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Iannino N, de Denus S, Nasri A, Räkel A, Carrier M, Ducharme A, Lachance K, Racine N, Pelletier G, Fortier A, White M. Temporal Changes on the Risk of New Onset Diabetes Following Cardiac Transplantation Over 30 Years. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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Nguyen A, Vistarini N, Pellerin M, Perrault L, Bouchard D, Demers P, White M, Ducharme A, Racine N, Pelletier G, Carrier M. CANADIAN EXPERIENCE WITH THE SYNCARDIA TEMPORARY TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART AS BRIDGE TO TRANSPLANTATION. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner EO, Backes M, Balenderan S, Balzer A, Barnacka A, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Biteau J, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Chadwick PM, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fernandez D, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Häffner S, Hahn J, Harris J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, McComb TJL, Méhault J, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reichardt I, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Valerius K, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorster M, Vuillaume T, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, Ward M, Weidinger M, Weitzel Q, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Constraints on an annihilation signal from a core of constant dark matter density around the milky way center with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:081301. [PMID: 25768750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An annihilation signal of dark matter is searched for from the central region of the Milky Way. Data acquired in dedicated on-off observations of the Galactic center region with H.E.S.S. are analyzed for this purpose. No significant signal is found in a total of ∼9 h of on-off observations. Upper limits on the velocity averaged cross section, ⟨σv⟩, for the annihilation of dark matter particles with masses in the range of ∼300 GeV to ∼10 TeV are derived. In contrast to previous constraints derived from observations of the Galactic center region, the constraints that are derived here apply also under the assumption of a central core of constant dark matter density around the center of the Galaxy. Values of ⟨σv⟩ that are larger than 3×10^{-24} cm^{3}/s are excluded for dark matter particles with masses between ∼1 and ∼4 TeV at 95% C.L. if the radius of the central dark matter density core does not exceed 500 pc. This is the strongest constraint that is derived on ⟨σv⟩ for annihilating TeV mass dark matter without the assumption of a centrally cusped dark matter density distribution in the search region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E O Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - S Balenderan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Barnacka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- Now at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, MS-20, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
- Now at Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P M Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Chrétien
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Espigat
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Feinstein
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Fernandez
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Häffner
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Harris
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - C Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - V Lefranc
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lopatin
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C-C Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T J L McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - J Méhault
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - U Menzler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Murach
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S J Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Odaka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - B Opitz
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Reichardt
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D Salek
- GRAPPA, Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Spengler
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Spies
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - F Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Stycz
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J-P Tavernet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K Valerius
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Vorster
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T Vuillaume
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M Weidinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q Weitzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zabalza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - H-S Zechlin
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Chaar D, Vitiello D, Neagoe P, Ducharme A, Carrier M, Pelletier G, Racine N, Lizkowski M, Sirois M, White M. DECREASED CIRCULATING AND NEUTROPHIL MEDIATED VEGF RELEASE IN STABLE LONG-TERM CARDIAC TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Labrie F, Belanger A, Dupont A, Pelletier G, Luuthe V, Simard J, Cusan L, Labrie C, Lachance Y, Poulin R. Synthèse périphérique des androgènes chez l'homme. Génétique moléculaire du système et sa prise en compte dans le traitement du cancer de la prostate. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Andersen AC, Danger JM, Netitaïlo P, Pelletier G, Cantin M, Eberlé AN, Vaudry H. Localisation immunohistochimique de 3 neuropeptides (NPY ANF MCH) dans le complexe neurointermédiaire de l'hypophyse de grenouille. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abramowski A, Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Balenderan S, Balzer A, Barnacka A, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Biteau J, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bulik T, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chadwick PM, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Conrad J, Couturier C, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Fallon L, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fernandez D, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füßling M, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gast H, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Göring D, Grondin MH, Häffner S, Hague JD, Hahn J, Hampf D, Harris J, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Holler M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Jung I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lefaucheur J, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lennarz D, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Menzler U, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Moulin E, Naumann CL, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nguyen N, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perez J, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raue M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Sheidaei F, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spengler G, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Szostek A, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Valerius K, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorobiov S, Vorster M, Wagner SJ, Ward M, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wouters D, Zacharias M, Zajczyk A, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Search for photon-linelike signatures from dark matter annihilations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:041301. [PMID: 25166149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-ray line signatures can be expected in the very-high-energy (E(γ)>100 GeV) domain due to self-annihilation or decay of dark matter (DM) particles in space. Such a signal would be readily distinguishable from astrophysical γ-ray sources that in most cases produce continuous spectra that span over several orders of magnitude in energy. Using data collected with the H.E.S.S. γ-ray instrument, upper limits on linelike emission are obtained in the energy range between ∼ 500 GeV and ∼ 25 TeV for the central part of the Milky Way halo and for extragalactic observations, complementing recent limits obtained with the Fermi-LAT instrument at lower energies. No statistically significant signal could be found. For monochromatic γ-ray line emission, flux limits of (2 × 10(-7) -2 × 10(-5)) m(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) and (1 × 10(-8) -2 × 10(-6)) m(-2) s(-1)sr(-1) are obtained for the central part of the Milky Way halo and extragalactic observations, respectively. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, limits on the velocity-averaged DM annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩(χχ → γγ) reach ∼ 10(-27) cm(3)s(-1), based on the Einasto parametrization of the Galactic DM halo density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Acero
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland and National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan and Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G Anton
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Balenderan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Balzer
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany and Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Barnacka
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y Becherini
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France, and Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Bochow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Brucker
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Brun
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Brun
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Cerruti
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P M Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R C G Chaves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Cheesebrough
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Dalton
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany and Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - M K Daniel
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Dickinson
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Eger
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Espigat
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Fallon
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Feinstein
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Fernandez
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Füßling
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - H Gast
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - B Glück
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Göring
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Häffner
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J D Hague
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hampf
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Harris
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Heinz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - C Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Jung
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ulica Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Kneiske
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu Komin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K Kosack
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Lennarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lopatin
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C-C Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Masbou
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T J L McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M C Medina
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Méhault
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - U Menzler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Moulin
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C L Naumann
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Naumann-Godo
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Nedbal
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D Nekrassov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Nguyen
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S J Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Ohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E de Oña Wilhelmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Opitz
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - J Perez
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P-O Petrucci
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - B Peyaud
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Raue
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ripken
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Rob
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan and Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D A Sanchez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sheidaei
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France, and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J L Skilton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Spengler
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany and Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Stycz
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Szostek
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - J-P Tavernet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K Valerius
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Venter
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Vincent
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Vorster
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Wouters
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Zajczyk
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - H-S Zechlin
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Maruejouls T, Vanrolleghem PA, Pelletier G, Lessard P. A phenomenological retention tank model using settling velocity distributions. Water Res 2012; 46:6857-6867. [PMID: 22196044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many authors have observed the influence of the settling velocity distribution on the sedimentation process in retention tanks. However, the pollutants' behaviour in such tanks is not well characterized, especially with respect to their settling velocity distribution. This paper presents a phenomenological modelling study dealing with the way by which the settling velocity distribution of particles in combined sewage changes between entering and leaving an off-line retention tank. The work starts from a previously published model (Lessard and Beck, 1991) which is first implemented in a wastewater management modelling software, to be then tested with full-scale field data for the first time. Next, its performance is improved by integrating the particle settling velocity distribution and adding a description of the resuspension due to pumping for emptying the tank. Finally, the potential of the improved model is demonstrated by comparing the results for one more rain event.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maruejouls
- Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Chevre AM, Eber F, Margale E, Kerlan MC, Primard C, Vedel F, Delseny M, Pelletier G. Comparison of somatic and sexual Brassica napus - Sinapis alba hybrids and their progeny by cytogenetic studies and molecular characterization. Genome 2012; 37:367-74. [PMID: 18470081 DOI: 10.1139/g94-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal crosses were performed between Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38) cv. Brutor and Sinapis alba (SalSal, 2n = 24) cv. Carine. Using fertilized ovary culture, 2.2 and 1.9% of interspecific hybrids were produced when white mustard was the female and the male parent, respectively. On S. alba cytoplasm, three plants with a BC1-like structure (SalSalAC, 2n = 43) were obtained and ACSal (2n = 31) and AACCSal (2n = 50) hybrids on reciprocal crosses. At the same ploidy level, no differences in meiotic behavior were observed. The amphidiploids (AACCSalSal, 2n = 62), produced after colchicine treatment of ACSal hybrids, were compared with the somatic hybrids previously obtained from the same parental varieties. Only two somatic hybrids differed and one of them lost Idh-2 rapeseed isozymes, whereas all the plants presented an hybrid pattern for all the other molecular markers. The plants with 50 chromosomes (AACCSal) from sexual hybrids were similar whatever their origins. Their comparison with back-cross progeny of somatic hybrids revealed that the latter one differed either by chromosome number, ranging from 42 to 54, or by the percentage of cells with less than 12 univalents and with multivalents. From our results, the efficiency of protoplast fusion compared with sexual crosses as a tool to introduce new traits in a crop is discussed.
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Desaulniers D, Leingartner K, Pelletier G, Xiao GH, Bowers WJ. Effects of Developmental Exposure to Mixtures of Environmental Contaminants on the Hepatic Metabolism of Estradiol-17β in Immature Female Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:454-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581812457431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants induces the activation of cytochrome P450s (CYP) which lead to the hydroxylation of contaminants and endogenous hormones such as estrogens. The hydroxylation of estrogens forms catecholestrogens (CEs), one of them being the mutagenic 4-hydroxyestradiol-17β (4−OH−E2). Catecholestrogens are transformed by catechol -o-methyltransferases (COMTs) into nonreactive methoxyestrogens. To investigate the hepatic metabolism of estradiol-17β in female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 21, pregnant rats were dosed daily from gestation day 1 until PND 21 with 2 dose levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; 0.019 or 1.9 mg/kg per d), methylmercury (MeHg; 0.02 or 2 mg/kg per d), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; 0.011 or 1.1 mg/kg per d), or a mixture (M; 0.05 or 5 mg/kg per d) including all 3 groups of chemicals. Concentrations of organochlorines in the mixture M were based on their proportions in serum of the Canadian Arctic population. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of CYP and COMT were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). High-performance thin layer chromatography and phosphor imaging were used to measure the transformation of 14C substrates into estrogen metabolites. The low-dose treatments or the MeHg groups had no effect. The high-dose OCP, PCB, and M group increased the production of 2-OH-E2 and 6α-OH-E2, while only the PCB and M groups increased the 2-OH-CE/methoxyestrogen ratio. In all groups, the cytosolic COMT activity exceeded the microsomal production rate of 4-OH-E2. Although the M treatment included the PCB and OCP mixtures, it did not modify the estrogen metabolism more than did the PCB mixture alone. This endocrine disruption information contributes to our understanding of chemical interactions in the toxicology of chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Hazard Identification Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Leingartner
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Hazard Identification Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Pelletier
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Hazard Identification Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - G.-H. Xiao
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Hazard Identification Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - W. J. Bowers
- Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Hazard Identification Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jung H, Wu J, Murray A, Enns B, Pelletier G, Hagen N. Development and Early Experience with a New Integrated Palliative Oncology Clinic for Multidisciplinary Management of Patients with Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abramowski A, Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barnacka A, de Almeida UB, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Becker J, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bulik T, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Conrad J, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Fallon L, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füssling M, Gallant YA, Gast H, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hague JD, Hampf D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Jung I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Keogh D, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lennarz D, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, Maxted N, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann CL, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nguyen N, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de los Reyes R, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Ryde F, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schönwald A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spengler G, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Sushch I, Szostek A, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, Valerius K, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Viana A, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorobiov S, Vorster M, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Wierzcholska A, Zajczyk A, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Search for a dark matter annihilation signal from the galactic center halo with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:161301. [PMID: 21599352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A search for a very-high-energy (VHE; ≥100 GeV) γ-ray signal from self-annihilating particle dark matter (DM) is performed towards a region of projected distance r∼45-150 pc from the Galactic center. The background-subtracted γ-ray spectrum measured with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) γ-ray instrument in the energy range between 300 GeV and 30 TeV shows no hint of a residual γ-ray flux. Assuming conventional Navarro-Frenk-White and Einasto density profiles, limits are derived on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section (σv) as a function of the DM particle mass. These are among the best reported so far for this energy range and in particular differ only little between the chosen density profile parametrizations. In particular, for the DM particle mass of ∼1 TeV, values for (σv) above 3×10(-25) cm(3) s(-1) are excluded for the Einasto density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
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Maruejouls T, Lessard P, Wipliez B, Pelletier G, Vanrolleghem PA. Characterization of the potential impact of retention tank emptying on wastewater primary treatment: a new element for CSO management. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:1898-1905. [PMID: 22020485 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies have shown that discharges from retention tanks could have a negative impact on the WWTP's (Wastewater Treatment Plant) effluent. Characterization of such discharges is necessary to better understand these impacts. This study aims at: (1) characterizing water quality during emptying of a tank; and (2) characterizing the temporal variation of settling velocities of the waters released to the WWTP. Two full-scale sampling campaigns (18 rain events) have been realized in Quebec City and laboratory analyses have shown a wide variability of total suspended solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations in the water released from the tank. Suspended solids seem to settle quickly because they are only found in large amounts during the first 15 min of pumping to the WWTP. These solids are hypothesized to come from the pumping in which solids remained after a previous event. When these solids are evacuated, low TSS containing waters are pumped from the retention tank. A second concentration peak occurs at the end of the emptying period when the tank is cleaned with wash water. Finally, settling velocity studies allowed characterizing combined sewer wastewaters by separating three main fractions of pollutants which correspond to the beginning, middle and end of emptying. In most cases, it is noticed that particle settling velocities increase as the pollutant load increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maruejouls
- Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6
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Song D, Gao L, Cui M, Han B, Zhao G, Fu T, Li P, Ye F, Fan MZ, Pelletier G, Zhang DY. Abstract P6-05-05: Signaling Pathways Activated in Her 2 and ER Negative Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p6-05-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women (192,370 new cases in 2009) and the second leading cause of cancer death (40,000) among women in USA. Current multimodality treatment of breast cancer is based on the level of ER expression and Her 2 gene amplification. However, no effective treatment is currently available for breast cancers with low level expression of ER and no amplification of Her 2 gene. The aim of this study is to identify protein pathways activated in the breast cancer with negative expression of ER and Her 2. Method: Protein Pathway Array was used to assess the level of protein expression and phosphorylation in 71 paired fresh frozen breast samples (tumor and adjacent benign tissue). A total 159 antibodies were evaluated which represent most important signal transduction pathways involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Several potential therapeutic kinase proteins were also assessed. Results: A total 20 proteins (PCNA, phospho-PTEN, cyclin B1 cyclin E1, CDK6, E-cadherin, NFkB, ect) were differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues based on the statistical analysis. In Her 2 negative tumors (n=37), 3 proteins were differentially expressed and among them, 2 were up-regulated (CDK6 and HSD1) and 1 was down-regulated (IGF). In ER negative tumors (n=18), 4 proteins (HSD, SK, TDP and Slug) was up-regulated and 1 proteins were down-regulated (E-cadherin). In triple negative tumors (n=13), one protein (E-cadherin) down-regulated and 2 proteins (TDP and HSD) were up-regulated. Furthermore, based on the expression pattern of these proteins, tumors negative for both ER and Her 2 (n=15) can be clustered into 3 groups
Figure 1: Subclassification of breast cancers negative for ER and Her-2 based protein pattern.
Hierarchical clustering analysis of 20 differentially expressed proteins in
15 ER/Her-2 negative breast cancers. The cancers can be separated into 3 subtypes. Red indicates overexpression, green underexpression, black no change, and gray no expression. Each column represents a protein. Each row represents a sample.
Conclusion: Our study showed that distinct sets of signaling pathways activated in ER and Her 2 negative breast cancers. The increased expression of cell cycle progression proteins in Her 2 negative tumors suggests activation of cell proliferation via different growth promotion pathway. Similarly, different cell proliferation pathways are also activated in ER negative tumors. This finding may be used to design future clinical trial based on the activation of different signaling pathways.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Song
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Gao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Cui
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Han
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Fu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Ye
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - MZ Fan
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Pelletier
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - DY. Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; New York University of Medical School, NY; The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; Laval University Hospital Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Compère V, Lanfray D, Castel H, Morin F, Leprince J, Dureuil B, Vaudry H, Pelletier G, Tonon MC. Acute food deprivation reduces expression of diazepam-binding inhibitor, the precursor of the anorexigenic octadecaneuropeptide ODN, in mouse glial cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2010; 44:295-9. [PMID: 20219854 DOI: 10.1677/jme-09-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system of mammals, the gene encoding diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) is exclusively expressed in glial cells. Previous studies have shown that central administration of a DBI processing product, the octadecaneuropeptide ODN, causes a marked inhibition of food consumption in rodents. Paradoxically, however, the effect of food restriction on DBI gene expression has never been investigated. Here, we show that in mice, acute fasting dramatically reduces DBI mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and the ependyma bordering the third and lateral ventricles. I.p. injection of insulin, but not of leptin, selectively stimulated DBI expression in the lateral ventricle area. These data support the notion that glial cells, through the production of endozepines, may relay peripheral signals to neurons involved in the central regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Compère
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation University of Rouen, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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23
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Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy. Science 2009; 326:1080-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Acero
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G. Anton
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Y. Becherini
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - B. Behera
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Bochow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - V. Borrel
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J. Brucker
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Brun
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P. Brun
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - R. Bühler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I. Büsching
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T. Boutelier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. C. G. Chaves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Cheesebrough
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. C. Clapson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Coignet
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Dalton
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. K. Daniel
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - I. D. Davids
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B. Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C. Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - W. Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L. O’C. Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F. Dubois
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Dubus
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Egberts
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - C. Farnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F. Feinstein
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Fiasson
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A. Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. Füßling
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Gabici
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - L. Gérard
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - D. Gerbig
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - B. Glück
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - D. Göring
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Heinz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C. Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. Jung
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. Katarzyński
- Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U. Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Kerschhaggl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Khangulyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Keogh
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - D. Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kneiske
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - K. Kosack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Lamanna
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J.-P. Lenain
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - T. Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Marandon
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Marcowith
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Masbou
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D. Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. C. Medina
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Méhault
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Moulin
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - M. Naumann-Godo
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. de Naurois
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D. Nedbal
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Nekrassov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Nicholas
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J. Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S. J. Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S. Ohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-F. Olive
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - E. de Oña Wilhelmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pedaletti
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P.-O. Petrucci
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - S. Pita
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - A. Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S. M. Rayner
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - O. Reimer
- Institut für Astro und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- KIPAC Kavli Institute for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Renaud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - F. Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Ripken
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B. Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. B. Rulten
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - J. Ruppel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A. Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F. M. Schöck
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Shalchi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Sikora
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. L. Skilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H. Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Ł. Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R. Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C. Stegmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Superina
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. Szostek
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P. H. Tam
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Terrier
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Tibolla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C. Venter
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - L. Venter
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. P. Vialle
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. Vincent
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M. Vivier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. A. Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
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Farmer C, Petitclerc D, Pelletier G, Gaudreau P, Brazeau P. Carcass Composition and Resistance to Fasting in Neonatal Piglets Born of Sows Immunized against Somatostatin and/or Receiving Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Injections during Gestation. Neonatology 2009; 61:110-7. [PMID: 1348959 DOI: 10.1159/000243538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight gestating sows were either immunized against somatostatin (SRIF) and/or injected with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Treatment effects on carcass composition and resistance of newborn piglets to a 60-hour fast were investigated. Protein content of carcasses at birth was increased in piglets of sows receiving GRF or immunized against SRIF, however, when sows received both treatments there was a reduction in carcass protein content (p = 0.01). Other carcass components were unaltered by treatments, and none of the treatments affected metabolic or endocrine profiles of piglets at birth. Concentrations of GH, IGF-I (p less than 0.01), glucagon and cortisol (p less than 0.05) increased linearly with duration of fast, whereas glucose values decreased. Resistance to fasting was unaltered in piglets from any treatment thereby suggesting that exogenous GRF and/or SRIF immunization of sows during gestation are unlikely to improve survival of newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farmer
- Agriculture Canada, Lennoxville Research Station, Quebec
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25
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Poisson Paré D, Song D, Luu-The V, Han B, Li S, Liu G, Labrie F, Pelletier G. Expression of Estrogen Sulfotransferase 1E1 and Steroid Sulfatase in Breast Cancer: A Immunohistochemical Study. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2009; 3:9-21. [PMID: 21556246 PMCID: PMC3086308 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the steroid sulfatase (STS) and the estrogen sulfotransferase (EST1E1) are commonly expressed in human breast carcinomas. STS and EST1E1 combined action could maintain the equilibrium between sulfated (inactive) and unconjugated (active) estrogens, which might have effects on development of hormone dependent breast cancer. We studied the expression of the STS and EST1E1 in 88 breast carcinomas and 57 adjacent non-malignant tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with the tumor expression of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and β (ER-β), progesterone receptor A (PR-A) and B (PR-B) and the proliferation marker CDC47, the tumoral type and stage and the age at surgery. STS expression was higher in carcinoma specimens than in adjacent normal tissues, although not to a significant level (p = 0.064) and it was positively associated with CDC47 expression (p < 0.05). These observations support the hypothesis that STS is overexpressed in breast cancer and associated with a worse prognosis. EST1E1 was observed for the first time in the nuclei of epithelial and tumoral cells. Tumor expression of EST1E1 was positively correlated with ER-β (p < 0.01) and PR-B (p < 0.05), two steroid receptors already associated with an improve prognosis for breast cancer. Controlling the STS overexpression in carcinomas could be a way to inhibit cancer growth. The significance of the association between EST1E1 and ER-β or PR-B should be further studied since these two receptors are transcription activators and may regulate the expression of protective enzymes like EST1E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poisson Paré
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Hospital Research Center, 2705 Laurier blvd, Quebec City, Qc, Canada, G1V 4G2
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Brucker R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Füsling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons at TeV energies. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:261104. [PMID: 19437632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.261104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The very large collection area of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes gives them a substantial advantage over balloon or satellite based instruments in the detection of very-high-energy (>600 GeV) cosmic-ray electrons. Here we present the electron spectrum derived from data taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In this measurement, the first of this type, we are able to extend the measurement of the electron spectrum beyond the range accessible to direct measurements. We find evidence for a substantial steepening in the energy spectrum above 600 GeV compared to lower energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Han B, Li S, Song D, Poisson-Paré D, Liu G, Luu-The V, Ouellet J, Li S, Labrie F, Pelletier G. Expression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and type 5 in breast cancer and adjacent non-malignant tissue: a correlation to clinicopathological parameters. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 112:194-200. [PMID: 18996480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) type 2 and type 5 are involved in sex steroid metabolism. 17beta-HSD type 2 converts estradiol to estrone while 17beta-HSD type 5 converts androstenedione to testosterone. Using immunocytochemistry, we have studied the expression of 17beta-HSD type 2 and type 5 in 50 specimens of breast carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues. The results were correlated with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta), progesterone receptor A (PRA) and B (PRB), androgen receptor and CDC47 and with the tumor stage, tumor size, nodal status and menopausal status. 17beta-HSD type 2 was expressed in 20% and 17beta-HSD type 5 in 56% of breast cancer specimens. In adjacent normal tissues, both enzymes were highly expressed in almost all the patients. No significant association could be found between the expression of 17beta-HSD type 2 and 17beta-HSD type 5 and between the expression of each enzyme and the clinicopathological parameters studied. The decrease in 17beta-HSD type 2 and 17beta-HSD type 5 expressions in breast cancer may play a predominant role in the development and/or progression of the cancer by modifying the intratumoral levels of estrogens and androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Han
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Hospital Research Center, 2705 Laurier blvd, Quebec City, Qc, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Limits on an energy dependence of the speed of light from a flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:170402. [PMID: 18999724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several models have predicted an energy dependence of the speed of light in the context of quantum gravity. For cosmological sources such as active galaxies, this minuscule effect can add up to measurable photon-energy dependent time lags. In this Letter a search for such time lags during the High Energy Stereoscopic System observations of the exceptional very high energy flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304 on 28 July 2006 is presented. Since no significant time lag is found, lower limits on the energy scale of speed of light modifications are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pelletier G. Science, technology and the political response. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 1:89-103. [PMID: 5212142 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719848.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dhalluin-Venier V, Fabre M, Jacquemin E, Rangheard AS, Pelletier G, Buffet C. Liver cell adenomas and portosystemic shunt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 32:164-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pelletier G, Labrie C, Martel C, Labrie F. Chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to female monkey and rat has no effect on mammary gland histology. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 108:102-8. [PMID: 17933518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the major steroid precursor of androgens and estrogens produced in peripheral tissues in primates, has been shown to exert chemopreventive effect on the development of carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors. Since little is known on the effect of DHEA administration on mammary gland physiology and histology, we have studied the effect of long-term administration of DHEA to normal female monkey and rat on mammary gland histology as well as on serum DHEA, DHEA sulphate (DHEA-S), testosterone and estradiol levels. In monkeys, DHEA treatment (2 or 10 mg/(kg b.w.day)) induced a dose-related increase in serum DHEA and DHEA-S (above 20-fold) levels. At the highest dose of DHEA, serum testosterone levels were significantly increased (three- to fourfold), while serum estradiol concentration was not modified. DHEA treatment did not modify the histological characteristics of monkey mammary glands. In the rat, following DHEA administration (10 or 100 mg/(kg b.w.day)), a dose-related marked increase in serum DHEA and DHEA-S was observed. Serum testosterone was also increased in DHEA-treated animals, while no significant changes in serum estradiol levels were detected. As in the monkey, the histology of the female rat mammary gland remained unchanged following long-term treatment with any of the two doses of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelletier
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Pelletier G, Li S, Luu-The V, Labrie F. Oestrogenic regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin-releasing hormone mRNAs in mouse hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:426-31. [PMID: 17388940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that oestrogen suppresses food intake by an action at the hypothalamic level. Using in situ hybridisation, we studied the effect of castration (CX) and short-term administration of oestradiol (E2) in CX female mice for three neuropeptides involved in feeding behaviour: two anorexigenic peptides, (i) the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and (ii) corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), and the orexigenic peptide, (iii) neuropeptide Y (NPY). POMC-expressing neurones were mostly laterally located in the arcuate nucleus. POMC mRNA expression was decreased following CX and a single injection of E2 induced an increase in mRNA levels at 12- and 24-h time intervals. In the parvocellular area of the paraventricular nucleus, CRH mRNA levels were similarly decreased after CX and completely restored to normal levels at 12 and 24 h following E2 injection. On the other hand, the levels of NPY mRNA expressed in neurones located in the inner zone of the arcuate nucleus were increased by CX and decreased to the levels observed in intact animals by E2 injection (3-24 h). The present data suggest that oestrogen might exert an anorexigenic action by stimulating POMC and CRH mRNA expression and decreasing NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelletier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CRCHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Takase Y, Luu-The V, Poisson-Paré D, Labrie F, Pelletier G. Expression of sulfotransferase 1E1 in human prostate as studied by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Prostate 2007; 67:405-9. [PMID: 17187396 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen is recognized to play a role in the development and function of the prostate. Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) 1E1 catalyzes the sulfoconjugation of estrogen and is thus involved in the metabolism of estrogen. We have recently shown that EST 1E1 is highly expressed in male mouse reproductive organs, including prostate. It appeared of interest to study the expression of EST 1E1 in human prostate. METHODS EST 1E1 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, respectively. RESULTS EST 1E1 mRNA and protein were found to be expressed in epithelial cells bordering alveola lumen (luminal cells) as well as stroma cells. CONCLUSION The enzyme EST may play a physiological role in regulating local estrogen levels in human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takase
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, CHUL Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Pelletier G, Luu-The V, Li S, Bujold G, Labrie F. Localization and glucocorticoid regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in the male mouse forebrain. Neuroscience 2007; 145:110-5. [PMID: 17207581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) converts the inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone into the active glucocorticoid corticosterone. There is accumulating evidence indicating widespread expression of 11beta-HSD1 in the brain. However, there is little information about regulation of 11beta-HSD1 expression in this tissue. Using in situ hybridization involving use of 35S-labeled cRNA probe, we have studied the distribution of cells expressing 11beta-HSD1 mRNA in the male mouse forebrain as well as the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and acute administration of corticosterone (3 and 24 h) on 11beta-HSD1 mRNA levels. Cells expressing 11beta-HSD1 mRNA were mostly detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and medial preoptic area, with the highest expression in the cerebral cortex (retrosplenial granular area) and hippocampus (CA3 and granular layer of the gyrus dentatus). Seven days following ADX, 11beta-HSD mRNA levels were increased by 50% in the gyrus dentatus, by 100% in the CA3 area, and 105% in the cerebral cortex. Administration of corticosterone to ADX mice induced a significant decrease in mRNA, in both the hippocampus and cerebral cortex so that, at the 24 h time interval, the levels were similar to those observed in intact mice. These results clearly indicate that circulating corticosterone is downregulating the expression of 11beta-HSD1 mRNA in the two forebrain areas studied. This downregulation might contribute to maintain low intracellular corticosterone levels in central regions and then prevent the deleterious effects induced by high glucocorticoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelletier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2.
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Villez K, Pelletier G, Rosén C, Anctil F, Duchesne C, Vanrolleghem PA. Comparison of two wavelet-based tools for data mining of urban water networks time series. Water Sci Technol 2007; 56:57-64. [PMID: 17898444 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two approaches to data mining of time series have been tested and compared. Both methods are based on the wavelet decomposition of data series and allow the localization of important characteristics of a time series in both the time and frequency domain. The first method is a common method based on the analysis of wavelet power spectra. The second approach is new to the applied field of urban water networks and provides a qualitative description of the data series based on the cubic spline wavelet decomposition of the data. It is shown that wavelet power spectra indicate important and basic characteristics of the data but fail to provide detailed information of the underlying phenomena. In contrast, the second method allows the extraction of more and more detailed information that is important in a context of process monitoring and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Villez
- BIOMATH, Department of Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Coignet G, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Füßling M, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, Maurin G, McComb TJL, Moulin E, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Ranchon S, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. Fast Variability of TeraElectron Volt γ Rays from the Radio Galaxy M87. Science 2006; 314:1424-7. [PMID: 17068224 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Beilicke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Benbow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Berge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Bolz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Borrel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Braun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. M. Brown
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Bühler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Büsching
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Coignet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Cornils
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Costamante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Degrange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. O'C. Drury
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Dubus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Egberts
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Feinstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Ferrero
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Fiasson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seb. Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Füßling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Hadjichristidis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Holleran
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Kendziorra
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kerschhaggl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Konopelko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Kosack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Lamanna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. J. Latham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Le Gallou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Lemière
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-P. Lenain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Lohse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. M. Martin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Marcowith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Masterson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Maurin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Moulin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. de Naurois
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Nedbal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. J. Nolan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Noutsos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. L. Osborne
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Ouchrif
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Pita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Ranchon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. M. Rayner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Ripken
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Rolland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Rosier-Lees
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Rowell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Santangelo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Saugé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schlenker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Schröder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwarzburg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwemmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Shalchi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Sol
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Spangler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Spanier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Steenkamp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Stegmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Superina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. H. Tam
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Terrier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Venter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. P. Vialle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Vincent
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Ward
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schwanke U, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. HESS observations of the galactic center region and their possible dark matter interpretation. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:221102. [PMID: 17155788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gamma rays from the source HESS J1745-290 in the Galactic Center (GC) region with the High Energy Spectroscopic System (HESS) array of Cherenkov telescopes in 2004 is presented. After subtraction of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the GC ridge, the source is compatible with a point source with spatial extent less than 1.2;{'}(stat) (95% C.L.). The measured energy spectrum above 160 GeV is compatible with a power law with photon index of 2.25+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.10(syst) and no significant flux variation is detected. It is finally found that the bulk of the very high energy emission must have non-dark-matter origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Song D, Liu G, Luu-The V, Zhao D, Wang L, Zhang H, Xueling G, Li S, Désy L, Labrie F, Pelletier G. Expression of aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1, 7 and 12 in breast cancer. An immunocytochemical study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 101:136-44. [PMID: 16930994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is known that there is a local biosynthesis of estradiol (E2) in breast carcinoma. The steroidogenic enzymes involved in E2 formation are aromatase which transforms testosterone into E2 and androstenedione into estrone (E1) and reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) which convert E1 into E2. Using immunocytochemistry, we have studied the expression of aromatase and the three reductive 17beta-HSDs 17beta-HSD types 1, 7 and 12 in 41 specimens of female human breast carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues. These results were correlated with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta), progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, CDC47 and c-erb B-2 expressions and with the tumor stages. Aromatase was found in 58%, 17beta-HSD type 7 in 47% and 17beta-HSD type 12 in 83% of the breast cancer specimens. The 17beta-HSD type 1 could be detected in only one tumor. A significant correlation was observed between the aromatase, 17beta-HSD type 7 and 17beta-HSD type 12 expression, as well as between each of the two enzymes 17beta-types 7 and 12 and the ERbeta expression. The expression of 17beta-HSD type 12 was significantly higher in breast carcinoma specimens than in normal tissue. There was also a significant association of CDC 47 expression with ERbeta, AR and 17beta-HSD type 12. The results indicate that aromatase, 17beta-HSD type 7 and 17beta-HSD type 12, but not 17beta-HSD type 1, are commonly expressed in human breast cancer. Moreover, the high expression of both 17beta-HSD type 12 and ERbeta in breast carcinoma cells may play a role in the development and/or progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Song
- First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
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Compère V, Ouellet J, Luu-The V, Dureuil B, Tonon MC, Vaudry H, Labrie F, Pelletier G. Role of androgens and glucocorticoids in the regulation of diazepam-binding inhibitor mRNA levels in male mouse hypothalamus. Brain Res 2006; 1119:50-7. [PMID: 16963002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral organs, gonadal and adrenal steroids regulate diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) mRNA expression. In order to further investigate the involvement of peripheral steroid hormones in the modulation of brain DBI mRNA expression, we studied by semiquantitative in situ hybridization the effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) and castration (CX) and short-term replacement therapy on DBI mRNA levels in the male mouse hypothalamus. Cells expressing DBI mRNA were mostly observed in the arcuate nucleus, the median eminence and the ependyma bordering the third ventricle. In the median eminence and the ependyma bordering the third ventricule, the DBI gene expression was decreased in ADX rats and a single injection of corticosterone to ADX rats induced a significant increase in DBI gene expression at 3 and 12 h time intervals without completely restoring the basal DBI mRNA expression observed in intact mice. In the arcuate nucleus, ADX and corticosterone administration did not modify DBI mRNA expression. CX down-regulated DBI gene expression in the ependyma bordering the third ventricle. The administration of dihydrotestosterone (3-24 h) completely reversed the inhibitory effect of CX. In the median eminence and arcuate nucleus, neither CX or dihydrotestosterone administration modified DBI mRNA levels. These results suggest that the effects of glucocorticoids on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and androgens on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis are mediated by DBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Compère
- European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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41
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Fontaine G, Fuchs Y, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Gillessen S, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Klages S, Komin N, Konopelko A, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Leroy N, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Raux J, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schuster C, Schwanke U, Siewert M, Sol H, Spangler D, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ. A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by γ-rays from blazars. Nature 2006; 440:1018-21. [PMID: 16625189 DOI: 10.1038/nature04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The diffuse extragalactic background light consists of the sum of the starlight emitted by galaxies through the history of the Universe, and it could also have an important contribution from the 'first stars', which may have formed before galaxy formation began. Direct measurements are difficult and not yet conclusive, owing to the large uncertainties caused by the bright foreground emission associated with zodiacal light. An alternative approach is to study the absorption features imprinted on the gamma-ray spectra of distant extragalactic objects by interactions of those photons with the background light photons. Here we report the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the blazars H 2356 - 309 and 1ES 1101 - 232, at redshifts z = 0.165 and z = 0.186, respectively. Their unexpectedly hard spectra provide an upper limit on the background light at optical/near-infrared wavelengths that appears to be very close to the lower limit given by the integrated light of resolved galaxies. The background flux at these wavelengths accordingly seems to be strongly dominated by the direct starlight from galaxies, thus excluding a large contribution from other sources-in particular from the first stars formed. This result also indicates that intergalactic space is more transparent to gamma-rays than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, PO Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Fontaine G, Fuchs Y, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Gillessen S, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Klages S, Komin N, Konopelko A, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Leroy N, Lohse T, Marcowith A, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Raux J, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schuster C, Schwanke U, Siewert M, Sol H, Spangler D, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ. Discovery of very-high-energy γ-rays from the Galactic Centre ridge. Nature 2006; 439:695-8. [PMID: 16467831 DOI: 10.1038/nature04467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The source of Galactic cosmic rays (with energies up to 10(15) eV) remains unclear, although it is widely believed that they originate in the shock waves of expanding supernova remnants. At present the best way to investigate their acceleration and propagation is by observing the gamma-rays produced when cosmic rays interact with interstellar gas. Here we report observations of an extended region of very-high-energy (> 10(11) eV) gamma-ray emission correlated spatially with a complex of giant molecular clouds in the central 200 parsecs of the Milky Way. The hardness of the gamma-ray spectrum and the conditions in those molecular clouds indicate that the cosmic rays giving rise to the gamma-rays are likely to be protons and nuclei rather than electrons. The energy associated with the cosmic rays could have come from a single supernova explosion around 10(4) years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, PO Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bohnen JM, Christou NV, Maclean LD, Meakins JL, Pollock AV, Almgren B, Watkins RM, Watkin EM, Mansfield AO, Bradley JWP, Cooperberg P, Stoller JL, McKay AJ, Macfarlane IA, Howat JMT, Hodgson WJB, Nicholls RJ, Poston GJ, Pickering BN, Rahamim J, Millar AW, Brennan SS, Smith GMR, Evans M, Rampen FHJ, Everett WG, Jurewicz WA, Buffet C, Turner K, Pelletier G, Etienne JP, Keohane PP, Silk DBA, Mitchell A, Kettlewell MGW, McMahon MJ, Collins REC, Spittlehourse K. Correspondence. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Bohnen
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - N V Christou
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - L D Maclean
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - J L Meakins
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - A V Pollock
- Scarborough Hospital, North Yorkshire YO12 6QL
| | - B Almgren
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S-752 14 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R M Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU
| | - E M Watkin
- Department of Radiology, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester
| | | | | | - P Cooperberg
- Depts of Radiology and Suergery, University of British Columbia, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z IM9
| | - J L Stoller
- Depts of Radiology and Suergery, University of British Columbia, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z IM9
| | - A J McKay
- Level 5, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow
| | - I A Macfarlane
- The Diabetic Clinic, The General Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B46 NH
| | - J M T Howat
- The Diabetic Clinic, The General Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B46 NH
| | - W J B Hodgson
- New York Medical College, Munager Pavilion, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | | | - G J Poston
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH
| | - B N Pickering
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH
| | - J Rahamim
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH
| | - A W Millar
- Surgical SHO, Derby City Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE3 3NE
| | - S S Brennan
- Department of Surgery, North Manchester General Hospital, Crumpsall, Manchester M8 6RB
| | - G M R Smith
- Scarborough Hospital, North Yorkshire YO12 6QL
| | - Mary Evans
- Scarborough Hospital, North Yorkshire YO12 6QL
| | - F H J Rampen
- Department of Dermatology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - C Buffet
- Service des Maladies du Foie et de l'Appareil Digestif, 78 Avenue du General Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - K Turner
- Service des Maladies du Foie et de l'Appareil Digestif, 78 Avenue du General Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - G Pelletier
- Service des Maladies du Foie et de l'Appareil Digestif, 78 Avenue du General Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - J P Etienne
- Service des Maladies du Foie et de l'Appareil Digestif, 78 Avenue du General Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - P P Keohane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Central Middlesex Hospital, Acton Lane, London NW10 7NS
| | - D B A Silk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Central Middlesex Hospital, Acton Lane, London NW10 7NS
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU
| | | | - M J McMahon
- University Department of Surgery, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX
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Compère V, Li S, Leprince J, Tonon MC, Vaudry H, Pelletier G. In vivo action of a new octadecaneuropeptide antagonist on neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 141:156-60. [PMID: 16154662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that several of the effects induced by an octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), derived from an 86-amino-acid polypeptide termed diazepam-binding inhibitor, could be mediated by activation of a metabotropic receptor. In order to investigate the role and mechanism of action of ODN in the regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus, respectively, we studied the effects of the acute intracerebroventricular administration of ODN (2 microg/rat) and the ODN antagonist to metabotropic receptor, cyclo(1-8)[Dleu5]OP (20 microg/rat), on the gene expression of the two neuropeptides in castrated male rat. ODN administration resulted in a 45% increase in CRH mRNA expression, an effect which was reversed by cyclo(1-8)[Dleu5]OP. When cyclo(1-8)[Dleu5]OP was administered alone, it induced a 19% decrease in CRH mRNA levels. ODN administration induced a 17% decrease in NPY mRNA expression while cyclo(1-8)[Dleu5]OP increased by 21% the hybridization signal. The administration of both ODN and ODN antagonist completely abolished the depressing effect of ODN on NPY mRNA. These data suggest that the effects of ODN on CRH and NPY mRNA might be mediated by interaction with metabotropic receptors. Moreover, since cyclo(1-8)[Dleu5]OP can by itself influence the expression of two peptide mRNAs, it might be suggested that ODN is exerting a tonic influence on NPY and CRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Compère
- European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is not a hormone but it is a very important prohormone secreted in large amounts by the adrenals in humans and other primates, but not in lower species. It is secreted in larger quantities than cortisol and is present in the blood at concentrations only second to cholesterol. All the enzymes required to transform DHEA into androgens and/or estrogens are expressed in a cell-specific manner in a large series of peripheral target tissues, thus permitting all androgen-sensitive and estrogen-sensitive tissues to make locally and control the intracellular levels of sex steroids according to local needs. This new field of endocrinology has been called intracrinology. In women, after menopause, all estrogens and almost all androgens are made locally in peripheral tissues from DHEA which indirectly exerts effects, among others, on bone formation, adiposity, muscle, insulin and glucose metabolism, skin, libido and well-being. In men, where the secretion of androgens by the testicles continues for life, the contribution of DHEA to androgens has been best evaluated in the prostate where about 50% of androgens are made locally from DHEA. Such knowledge has led to the development of combined androgen blockade (CAB), a treatment which adds a pure anti-androgen to medical (GnRH agonist) or surgical castration in order to block the access of the androgens made locally to the androgen receptor. In fact, CAB has been the first treatment demonstrated to prolong life in advanced prostate cancer while recent data indicate that it can permit long-term control and probably cure in at least 90% of cases of localized prostate cancer. The new field of intracrinology or local formation of sex steroids from DHEA in target tissues has permitted major advances in the treatment of the two most frequent cancers, namely breast and prostate cancer, while its potential use as a physiological HRT could well provide a physiological balance of androgens and estrogens, thus offering exciting possibilities for women's health at menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Labrie
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Laval University Hospital Research Center (CRCHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.
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Primard-Brisset C, Poupard JP, Horvais R, Eber F, Pelletier G, Renard M, Delourme R. A new recombined double low restorer line for the Ogu-INRA cms in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Theor Appl Genet 2005; 111:736-46. [PMID: 15965648 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-2059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A major objective of breeders using the Ogu-INRA cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) system in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is to obtain double low restorer lines with a shorter introgression and a good agronomic value. The development of low glucosinolate content (low GC) restorer lines often occurs through the deletion of a part of the introgression. One of these lines has lost the radish Pgi-2 allele expression, without recovering that of the rapeseed Pgi-2 allele. This line shows a defect in the meiotic transmission of the restorer gene Rfo and a very poor agronomic value. We initiated a programme to force non-spontaneous recombination between this Rfo-carrying introgression and the rapeseed homologous chromosome from a low GC B. napus line. Gamma ray irradiation was used to induce chromosome breakage just prior meiosis aiming at just such a recombination. Low GC cms plants were crossed with the pollen of irradiated plants that were heterozygous for this introgression. The F(2) families were scored for their vigour, transmission rate of Rfo and female fertility. One family of plants, R2000, showed an improved behaviour for these three traits. This family presented a unique combination of molecular markers when compared to other rapeseed restorers analysed, which suggests that the recombination event allowed the recovery of B. oleracea genetic information that was originally replaced by the radish introgression in the original restorers. This resulted in a duplicated region (originating from radish and B. oleracea) on the chromosome carrying the introgression in the R2000 family.
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Aye KM, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Berghaus P, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Gordo JB, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Fleury P, Fontaine G, Fuchs Y, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Gillessen S, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Leroy N, Lohse T, Marcowith A, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Raux J, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schuster C, Schwanke U, Siewert M, Sol H, Spangler D, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ. Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays Associated with an X-ray Binary. Science 2005; 309:746-9. [PMID: 16002580 DOI: 10.1126/science.1113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
X-ray binaries are composed of a normal star in orbit around a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole. Radio and x-ray observations have led to the presumption that some x-ray binaries called microquasars behave as scaled-down active galactic nuclei. Microquasars have resolved radio emission that is thought to arise from a relativistic outflow akin to active galactic nuclei jets, in which particles can be accelerated to large energies. Very high energy gamma-rays produced by the interactions of these particles have been observed from several active galactic nuclei. Using the High Energy Stereoscopic System, we find evidence for gamma-ray emission of >100 gigaelectron volts from a candidate microquasar, LS 5039, showing that particles are also accelerated to very high energies in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K.-M. Aye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Beilicke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Benbow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Berge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Berghaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Bolz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Borrel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. Braun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Breitling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. M. Brown
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Bussons Gordo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Cornils
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Costamante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Degrange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. O'C. Drury
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Dubus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Feinstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Fleury
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. Fuchs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Gillessen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Hadjichristidis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Holleran
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Konopelko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. J. Latham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Le Gallou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Lemière
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Leroy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Lohse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Marcowith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J.-M. Martin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Masterson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. de Naurois
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. J. Nolan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Noutsos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. L. Osborne
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Ouchrif
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Pita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Raux
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. M. Rayner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Ripken
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Rolland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Rowell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Saugé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Schlenker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Schuster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Siewert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Sol
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Spangler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Steenkamp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Stegmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Terrier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. G. Théoret
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Venter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Vincent
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
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48
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Pelletier G, Luu-The V, Li S, Labrie F. Localization of type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA in mouse tissues as studied by in situ hybridization. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:393-8. [PMID: 15846505 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mouse enzyme type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone and, to a lesser degree, the conversion of estrone to estradiol. In order to determine the exact sites of action of type 5 17beta-HSD, we studied the cellular localization of the mRNA of the enzyme in mouse tissues by using in situ hybridization. Specific hybridization signal was found in the liver, ovary, adrenal cortex, and kidney. In the liver of mice of both sexes, a strong signal was observed in all hepatocytes. In the ovary, specific labeling was detected in the granulosa and theca interna cells in growing follicles and in luteal cells. In the female adrenal cortex, intense labeling was restricted to the zona reticularis, whereas no type 5 17beta-HSD mRNA expression could be found in the male adrenal cortex. In the kidney of mice of both sexes, type 5 17beta-HSD mRNA was expressed in epithelial cells in both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The data indicate that androgens and estrogens are formed via the action of type 5 17beta-HSD in specific cell types in the liver, ovary, adrenal cortex, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelletier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Le Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705, Laurier Boulevard, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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49
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Aye KM, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Berghaus P, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borgmeier C, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Gordo JB, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Ergin T, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Fleury P, Fontaine G, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Gillessen S, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, de Jager OC, Jung I, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine M, Leroy N, Lohse T, Marcowith A, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Raux J, Rayner SM, Redondo I, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schuster C, Schwanke U, Siewert M, Sol H, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van der Walt DJ, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Visser B, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ. A new population of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the Milky Way. Science 2005; 307:1938-42. [PMID: 15790849 DOI: 10.1126/science.1108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Very high energy gamma-rays probe the long-standing mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. Produced in the interactions of accelerated particles in astrophysical objects, they can be used to image cosmic particle accelerators. A first sensitive survey of the inner part of the Milky Way with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) reveals a population of eight previously unknown firmly detected sources of very high energy gamma-rays. At least two have no known radio or x-ray counterpart and may be representative of a new class of "dark" nucleonic cosmic ray sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Pelletier G, Lihrmann I, Dubessy C, Luu-The V, Vaudry H, Labrie F. Androgenic down-regulation of urotensin II precursor, urotensin II-related peptide precursor and androgen receptor mRNA in the mouse spinal cord. Neuroscience 2005; 132:689-96. [PMID: 15837130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We had previously shown that in rat spinal cord motoneurons urotensin II (UII) precursor mRNA was down-regulated by androgens. Very recently, a gene encoding the precursor of a UII analog, termed UII-related peptide (URP), has been identified. Using in situ hybridization, we studied the localization of UII and URP precursor as well as androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in the male mouse thoracic spinal cord. We also evaluated the androgenic regulation of the two peptide precursor and AR mRNA expression in the ventral horn of the mouse thoracic spinal cord. The results revealed that URP precursor mRNA was localized in motoneurons and that the vast majority of the motoneurons expressed both peptide precursor as well as AR mRNA. Seven-day castration induced an increase in UII and URP precursor and AR mRNA levels. Short term (3-24 h) administration of dihydrotestosterone to castrated animals restored the three protein mRNA levels to the levels observed in intact animals. These results suggest that in the ventral horn of the mouse spinal cord both UII and URP precursor and AR mRNA are expressed by the same neurons and that circulating androgens are exerting a down-regulation of the three protein mRNA expression, possibly by a direct action on motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelletier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Canada GIV 4G2.
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