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Stríkis NM, Buarque PFSM, Cruz FW, Bernal JP, Vuille M, Tejedor E, Santos MS, Shimizu MH, Ampuero A, Du W, Sampaio G, Sales HDR, Campos JL, Kayano MT, Apaèstegui J, Fu RR, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Mayta VC, Francischini DDS, Arruda MAZ, Novello VF. Modern anthropogenic drought in Central Brazil unprecedented during last 700 years. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1728. [PMID: 38409095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the relative roles of internal climate variability and external contributions, from both natural (solar, volcanic) and anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing, is important to better project future hydrologic changes. Changes in the evaporative demand play a central role in this context, particularly in tropical areas characterized by high precipitation seasonality, such as the tropical savannah and semi-desertic biomes. Here we present a set of geochemical proxies in speleothems from a well-ventilated cave located in central-eastern Brazil which shows that the evaporative demand is no longer being met by precipitation, leading to a hydrological deficit. A marked change in the hydrologic balance in central-eastern Brazil, caused by a severe warming trend, can be identified, starting in the 1970s. Our findings show that the current aridity has no analog over the last 720 years. A detection and attribution study indicates that this trend is mostly driven by anthropogenic forcing and cannot be explained by natural factors alone. These results reinforce the premise of a severe long-term drought in the subtropics of eastern South America that will likely be further exacerbated in the future given its apparent connection to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Misailidis Stríkis
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Plácido Fabrício Silva Melo Buarque
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Goias (UEG), Iporá, Goiás-GO, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres, Goiás-GO, Brazil
| | - Francisco William Cruz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Pablo Bernal
- Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Mathias Vuille
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Tejedor
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-Spanish National Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matheus Simões Santos
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Marília Harumi Shimizu
- General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Ampuero
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Wenjing Du
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Dos Reis Sales
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Januária, Brazil
| | - José Leandro Campos
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Mary Toshie Kayano
- General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Apaèstegui
- Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Programa de Maestria en Recursos Hídricos, Lima, Peru
| | - Roger R Fu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hai Cheng
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - R Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Victor Chavez Mayta
- Department of Climate and Space Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ruv Lemes M, Sampaio G, Garcia-Carreras L, Fisch G, Alves LM, Bassett R, Betts R, Maksic J, Shimizu MH, Torres RR, Guatura M, Basso LS, Bispo PDC. Impacts on South America moisture transport under Amazon deforestation and 2 °C global warming. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167407. [PMID: 37777132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The increase in greenhouse gasses (GHG) anthropogenic emissions and deforestation over the last decades have led to many chemical and physical changes in the climate system, affecting the atmosphere's energy and water balance. A process that could be affected is the Amazonian moisture transport in the South American continent (including La Plata basin), which is crucial to the southeast Brazilian water regime. The focus of our research is on evaluating how local (i.e. Amazon deforestation) and global forcings (increase of atmospheric GHG concentration) may modify this moisture transport under climate change scenarios. We used two coupled land-atmosphere models forced by CMIP6 sea surface temperatures to simulate these processes for two scenarios: i) increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) - RCP8.5 atmospheric levels (00DEF), and ii) total Amazon deforestation simultaneous with atmospheric CO2 levels increased (100DEF). These scenarios were compared with a control simulation, set with a constant CO2 of 388 ppm and present-day Amazon Forest cover. The 30-year Specific Warming Level 2 (SWL2) index evaluated from the simulations is set to be reached 2 years earlier due to Amazon deforestation. A reduction in precipitation was observed in the Amazon basin (-3.1 mm·day-1) as well as in La Plata Basin (-0.5 mm·day-1) due to reductions in the Amazon evapotranspiration (-0.9 mm·day-1) through a stomatal conductance decrease (00DEF) and land cover change (100DEF). In addition, the income moisture transport decreased (22 %) in the northern La Plata basin in both scenarios and model experiments. Our results indicated a worse scenario than previously found in the region. Both Amazon and La Plata hydrological regimes are connected (moisture and energy transport), indicating that a large-scale Amazon deforestation will have additional climate, economic and social implications for South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Ruv Lemes
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; University of Manchester (UoM), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Garcia-Carreras
- University of Manchester (UoM), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Fisch
- University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Agronomy Department, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Muniz Alves
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Bassett
- University of Manchester (UoM), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jelena Maksic
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Harumi Shimizu
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Guatura
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Polyanna da C Bispo
- University of Manchester (UoM), Geography Department, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nobre P, Veiga SF, Giarolla E, Marquez AL, da Silva MB, Capistrano VB, Malagutti M, Fernandez JPR, Soares HC, Bottino MJ, Kubota PY, Figueroa SN, Bonatti JP, Sampaio G, Casagrande F, Costa MC, Nobre CA. AMOC decline and recovery in a warmer climate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15928. [PMID: 37741891 PMCID: PMC10517999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents novel insight into the mechanisms of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) reduction and its recovery under a warmer climate scenario. An one-thousand-year-long numerical simulation of a global coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere climate model, subjected to a stationary atmospheric radiative forcing, depict a coherent picture of the Arctic sea ice melting as a trigger for the initial AMOC reduction, along with decreases in the northward fluxes of salt and heat. Further atmospheric-driven ocean processes contribute to an erosion of the stable stratification of the fresher, yet colder waters in the surface layers of the North Atlantic, contributing to the recovery of a permanently altered AMOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Nobre
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil.
| | - Sandro F Veiga
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Emanuel Giarolla
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - André L Marquez
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel B da Silva
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B Capistrano
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Malagutti
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Julio P R Fernandez
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Helena C Soares
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus J Bottino
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Y Kubota
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Silvio N Figueroa
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - José P Bonatti
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Casagrande
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Mabel C Costa
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Nobre
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-050, Brazil
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Souza L, Gurgel-Giannetti J, Sampaio G, Wang J, Scliar M, Zatz M, Vainzof M. LIMB GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Wu H, Zou Y, Alves LM, Macau EEN, Sampaio G, Marengo JA. Uncovering episodic influence of oceans on extreme drought events in Northeast Brazil by ordinal partition network approaches. Chaos 2020; 30:053104. [PMID: 32491908 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since 2012, the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) has been experiencing a continuous dry condition imposing significant social impacts and economic losses. Characterizing the recent extreme drought events and uncovering the influence from the surrounding oceans remain to be big challenges. The physical mechanisms of extreme drought events in the NEB are due to varying interacting time scales from the surrounding tropical oceans (Pacific and Atlantic). From time series observations, we propose a three-step strategy to establish the episodic coupling directions on intraseasonal time scales from the ocean to the precipitation patterns in the NEB, focusing on the distinctive roles of the oceans during the recent extreme drought events of 2012-2013 and 2015-2016. Our algorithm involves the following: (i) computing drought period length from daily precipitation anomalies to capture extreme drought events; (ii) characterizing the episodic coupling delays from the surrounding oceans to the precipitation by applying the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) of complexity measure, which is based on ordinal partition transition network representation of time series; and (iii) calculating the ratio of high temperature in the ocean during the extreme drought events with proper time lags that are identified by KLD measures. From the viewpoint of climatology, our analysis provides data-based evidence of showing significant influence from the North Atlantic in 2012-2013 to the NEB, but in 2015-2016, the Pacific played a dominant role than that of the Atlantic. The episodic intraseasonal time scale properties are potential for monitoring and forecasting droughts in the NEB in order to propose strategies for drought impacts reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yong Zou
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lincoln M Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12246-021, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elbert E N Macau
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12246-021, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista 12.630-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose A Marengo
- CEMADEN, Brazilian National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos 12245-320, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Abstract
Summary Introduction. The incidence of food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is increasing in young children. Although the commonest culprits are cow's milk and egg, FIA to tree nuts (TNs) have been increasing. Objective. Characterization of children referred to our allergy department due to TNs-induced anaphylaxis (TNs-FIA) during preschool age. Materials and methods. We have retrospectively included 25 children with clinical history of preschool TNs-FIA, proven by allergological work-up. TNs sensitization was assessed by skin prick tests and/or specific IgE. Results. The mean age of the first anaphylactic episode was 3.1±1.2 years. The majority (92%) had an allergic disease (52% asthma). The implicated TNs were cashew (11 children), walnut (8), pine nut (5), hazelnut (2) and almond (1). The reaction occurred after the first known ingestion in 68%. In 92%, symptoms appeared within 30 minutes after exposure. The most frequent clinical symptoms were mucocutaneous (96%), respiratory (80%) and gastrointestinal (52%). Twenty-one children were admitted to the emergency department, although only 48% were treated with epinephrine. An underneath IgE-mediated mechanism was proven in all cases. Immunologic cross-reactivity with other TNs was identified in 84%, and with peanut in 36%. Overall, in our center, TNs-FIA represents 18% of all causes of FIA. Conclusions. In preschool age children with TNs-FIA, cashew and walnut were the commonest implicated nuts. Most reactions occurred briefly after exposure to minimal amounts of TNs, demonstrating the high potency of these allergens. About one-third also had peanut sensitization. Potentially life-threatening TNs allergy can occur early in childhood and adequate management should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matias
- Pediatric Department, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada, Portugal
| | - A Gaspar
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L M Borrego
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Immunology, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Piedade
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Pires
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Arede
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Sampaio
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Morais Almeida
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Zemp DC, Schleussner CF, Barbosa HMJ, Hirota M, Montade V, Sampaio G, Staal A, Wang-Erlandsson L, Rammig A. Self-amplified Amazon forest loss due to vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14681. [PMID: 28287104 PMCID: PMC5355804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced rainfall increases the risk of forest dieback, while in return forest loss might intensify regional droughts. The consequences of this vegetation–atmosphere feedback for the stability of the Amazon forest are still unclear. Here we show that the risk of self-amplified Amazon forest loss increases nonlinearly with dry-season intensification. We apply a novel complex-network approach, in which Amazon forest patches are linked by observation-based atmospheric water fluxes. Our results suggest that the risk of self-amplified forest loss is reduced with increasing heterogeneity in the response of forest patches to reduced rainfall. Under dry-season Amazonian rainfall reductions, comparable to Last Glacial Maximum conditions, additional forest loss due to self-amplified effects occurs in 10–13% of the Amazon basin. Although our findings do not indicate that the projected rainfall changes for the end of the twenty-first century will lead to complete Amazon dieback, they suggest that frequent extreme drought events have the potential to destabilize large parts of the Amazon forest. Relatively little is understood about seasonal effect of climate change on the Amazon rainforest. Here, the authors show that Amazon forest loss in response to dry-season intensification during the last glacial period was likely self-amplified by regional vegetation-rainfall feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Clara Zemp
- Department of Geography, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carl-Friedrich Schleussner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany.,Climate Analytics, Ritterstr. 3, 10969 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrique M J Barbosa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC, Brazil.,Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 13083-862 Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Vincent Montade
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Rodovia Pres. Dutra, km 39, 12.630-000 Cachoeira Paulista SP, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lan Wang-Erlandsson
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.,Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anja Rammig
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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8
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Johnson MO, Galbraith D, Gloor M, De Deurwaerder H, Guimberteau M, Rammig A, Thonicke K, Verbeeck H, von Randow C, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Fauset S, Quesada CA, Christoffersen B, Ciais P, Sampaio G, Kruijt B, Meir P, Moorcroft P, Zhang K, Alvarez‐Davila E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo‐Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot R, Camargo J, Chave J, Cogollo A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Di Fiore A, Ferreira L, Higuchi N, Honorio EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Licona J, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon BH, Matos DCL, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Pardo G, Peña‐Claros M, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez‐Angulo H, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomao RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres‐Lezama A, van der Heijden GMF, Vasquez R, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Baker TR. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:3996-4013. [PMID: 27082541 PMCID: PMC6849555 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS6 2QTUK
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
| | - Matthieu Guimberteau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayF‐91191Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- UMR 7619 METISIPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE75252ParisFrance
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University MunichHans‐Carl‐von‐Carlowitz‐Platz 285354FreisingGermany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Telegrafenberg A62PO Box 60 12 03D‐14412PotsdamGermany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Telegrafenberg A62PO Box 60 12 03D‐14412PotsdamGermany
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
| | - Celso von Randow
- INPEAv. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. GranjaCEP: 12227‐010Sao Jose dos CamposSPBrazil
| | - Abel Monteagudo
- Jardín Botánico de MissouriProlongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6Oxapampa, PascoPeru
| | | | | | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterRennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS6 2QTUK
| | | | - Bradley Christoffersen
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Earth and Environmental Sciences DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryPO Box 1663Los AlamosNM 87545USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayF‐91191Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- INPEAv. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. GranjaCEP: 12227‐010Sao Jose dos CamposSPBrazil
| | - Bart Kruijt
- ALTERRAWageningen‐URPO Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT0200Australia
| | - Paul Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University26 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological StudiesUniversity of Oklahoma National Weather Center Suite 2100120 David L. Boren BlvdNormanOK73072USA
| | | | | | - Ieda Amaral
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragao
- Jardín Botánico de MissouriProlongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6Oxapampa, PascoPeru
| | - Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff MercadoUniversidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565Santa CruzBolivia
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff MercadoUniversidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565Santa CruzBolivia
| | - Gerardo A. Aymard
- UNELLEZ‐Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT)Mesa de CavacasEstado Portuguesa3350Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological SciencesInternational Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB)Florida International University112200 SW 8th Street, OE 167MiamiFL33199USA
| | - Jocely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do AcreCampus de Cruzeiro do SulRio BrancoBrazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAUMR 1137 “Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere”54280ChampenouxFrance
| | - Rene Boot
- Tropenbos InternationalPO Box 2326700 AEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jose Camargo
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRSUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologiquebâtiment 4R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe Calle 73 # 51 D 14 MedellínCartagenaColombia
| | | | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at AustinSAC Room 5.1502201 Speedway Stop C3200AustinTX78712USA
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPAAv. André Araújo, 2.936CEP 69067‐375Petrópolis, ManausAMBrazil
| | - Euridice N. Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía PeruanaAv. José Quiñones km 2.5IquitosPerú
| | | | - Susan G. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQld4878Australia
| | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityCairnsQld4878Australia
| | - Juan Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
| | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University (GMU)3351 Fairfax DriveArlingtonWashingtonDCVA 22201USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Bia Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoCampus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08CEP 78.690‐000Nova XavantinaMTBrazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoCampus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08CEP 78.690‐000Nova XavantinaMTBrazil
| | - Darley C. L. Matos
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR)Av. Final Atahuallpa s/nCasilla 447CochabambaBolivia
| | - David A. Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería AmbientalUniversidad Estatal AmazónicaPaso lateral km 2 1/2 via NapoPuyoPastazaEcuador
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autonoma del BeniCampus UniversitarioAv. Ejército Nacional, finalRiberaltaBeniBolivia
| | - Marielos Peña‐Claros
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Nigel C. A. Pitman
- Center for Tropical ConservationDuke UniversityBox 90381DurhamNC27708USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Hirma Ramirez‐Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development77 High Street KingstonGeorgetownGuyana
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Rafael P. Salomao
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376 ‐ São BrazCEP: 66040‐170BelémPABrazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu UniversitárioUniversidade Federal do AcreRio BrancoAC69910‐900Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health SciencesFederal University of AlagoasAv. Lourival Melo Mota s/nTabuleiro do Martins, MaceióAL 57072‐900Brazil
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterPO Box 95172300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical ConservationDuke UniversityBox 90381DurhamNC27708USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development77 High Street KingstonGeorgetownGuyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalC.P. 6201Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia
| | - Armando Torres‐Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | | | - Rodolfo Vasquez
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterRennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo ForestalUniversidad de Los AndesAvenida Principal Chorros de MillaCampus Universitario ForestalEdificio PrincipalMéridaVenezuela
| | - Vincent A. Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte AmazónicoC/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362Casilla 16RiberaltaBolivia
- Universidad Autónoma del BeniAvenida 6 de Agosto N° 64RiberaltaBolivia
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9
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Johnson MO, Galbraith D, Gloor M, De Deurwaerder H, Guimberteau M, Rammig A, Thonicke K, Verbeeck H, von Randow C, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Fauset S, Quesada CA, Christoffersen B, Ciais P, Sampaio G, Kruijt B, Meir P, Moorcroft P, Zhang K, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot R, Camargo J, Chave J, Cogollo A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Di Fiore A, Ferreira L, Higuchi N, Honorio EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Licona J, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon BH, Matos DCL, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Pardo G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomao RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van der Heijden GMF, Vasquez R, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Baker TR. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models. Glob Chang Biol 2016. [PMID: 27082541 DOI: 10.5521/forestplots.net/2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Guimberteau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR 7619 METIS, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg A62, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg A62, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Celso von Randow
- INPE, Av. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. Granja, CEP: 12227-010, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Abel Monteagudo
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | | | | | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bradley Christoffersen
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- INPE, Av. Dos Astronautas, 1.758, Jd. Granja, CEP: 12227-010, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bart Kruijt
- ALTERRA, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Paul Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, National Weather Center, Suite 2100, 120 David L. Boren Blvd, Norman, OK, 73072, USA
| | | | | | - Ieda Amaral
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragao
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- ALTERRA, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB), Florida International University, 112200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jocely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 "Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere", 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Rene Boot
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose Camargo
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Calle 73 # 51 D 14 Medellín, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, CEP 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Tim J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Susan G Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Juan Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University (GMU), 3351 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Washington, DC, VA 22201, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Bia Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Darley C L Matos
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Av. Final Atahuallpa s/n, Casilla 447, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - David A Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Paso lateral km 2 1/2 via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, final, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael P Salomao
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP: 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Rodolfo Vasquez
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Avenida Principal Chorros de Milla, Campus Universitario Forestal, Edificio Principal, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Avenida 6 de Agosto N° 64, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Timothy R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 2QT, UK
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Nobre CA, Sampaio G, Borma LS, Castilla-Rubio JC, Silva JS, Cardoso M. Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10759-68. [PMID: 27638214 PMCID: PMC5047175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605516113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For half a century, the process of economic integration of the Amazon has been based on intensive use of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources, which has brought significant basin-wide environmental alterations. The rural development in the Amazonia pushed the agricultural frontier swiftly, resulting in widespread land-cover change, but agriculture in the Amazon has been of low productivity and unsustainable. The loss of biodiversity and continued deforestation will lead to high risks of irreversible change of its tropical forests. It has been established by modeling studies that the Amazon may have two "tipping points," namely, temperature increase of 4 °C or deforestation exceeding 40% of the forest area. If transgressed, large-scale "savannization" of mostly southern and eastern Amazon may take place. The region has warmed about 1 °C over the last 60 y, and total deforestation is reaching 20% of the forested area. The recent significant reductions in deforestation-80% reduction in the Brazilian Amazon in the last decade-opens up opportunities for a novel sustainable development paradigm for the future of the Amazon. We argue for a new development paradigm-away from only attempting to reconcile maximizing conservation versus intensification of traditional agriculture and expansion of hydropower capacity-in which we research, develop, and scale a high-tech innovation approach that sees the Amazon as a global public good of biological assets that can enable the creation of innovative high-value products, services, and platforms through combining advanced digital, biological, and material technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Nobre
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos 12247-016, Brazil;
| | - Gilvan Sampaio
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research, Cachoeira Paulista 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Laura S Borma
- Center for Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
| | | | - José S Silva
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasilia DF CEP 70910900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Cardoso
- Center for Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
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11
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Gaspar Â, Santos N, Piedade S, Santa-Marta C, Pires G, Sampaio G, Arêde C, Borrego LM, Morais-Almeida M. One-year survey of paediatric anaphylaxis in an allergy department. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 47:197-205. [PMID: 26549337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the frequency of anaphylaxis in an allergy outpatient department, allowing a better understanding regarding aetiology, clinical manifestations and management, in children and adolescents. METHODS From among 3646 patients up to 18 years old observed during one-year period, we included those with history of anaphylaxis reported by allergists. RESULTS Sixty-four children had history of anaphylaxis (prevalence of 1.8%), with mean age 8.1±5.5 years, 61% being male. Median age of the first anaphylactic episode was 3 years (1 month-17 years). The majority of patients had food-induced anaphylaxis (84%): milk 22, egg 7, peanut 6, tree nuts 6, fresh fruits 6, crustaceans 4, fish 4 and wheat 2. Food-associated exercise-induced anaphylaxis was reported in 2 adolescents. Drug-induced anaphylaxis occurred in 8%: 4 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 1 amoxicillin. Three children had cold-induced anaphylaxis, one adolescent had anaphylaxis to latex and one child had anaphylaxis to insect sting. The majority (73%) had no previous diagnosis of the etiologic factor. Symptoms reported were mainly mucocutaneous (94%) and respiratory (84%), followed by gastrointestinal (42%) and cardiovascular (25%). Fifty-one patients were admitted to the emergency department, although only 33% were treated with epinephrine. Recurrence of anaphylaxis occurred in 26 patients (3 or more episodes in 14). CONCLUSIONS In our paediatric population, the main triggering agent of anaphylaxis was IgE-mediated food allergy. Epinephrine is underused, as reported by others. Often, children have several episodes before being assessed by an allergist. We stress the importance of systematic notification and improvement of educational programmes in order to achieve a better preventive and therapeutic management of this life-threatening entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Â Gaspar
- Immunoallergy Department CUF Descobertas Hospital 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal. E-mail:
| | - N Santos
- Immunoallergy Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Piedade
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Santa-Marta
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Pires
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Sampaio
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Arêde
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L M Borrego
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Morais-Almeida
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
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Gurgel-Giannetti J, Ribeiro B, Uliana L, Sampaio G, Giannetti A, Van der Linden V, Vainzof M. Steroid benefit in a laminopathy-congenital muscular dystrophy patient with dropped head syndrome: A 10-year follow-up. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marengo JA, Nobre CA, Seluchi ME, Cuartas A, Alves LM, Mendiondo EM, Obregón G, Sampaio G. A seca e a crise hídrica de 2014-2015 em São Paulo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i106p31-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A maior parte da estação chuvosa de 2014 transcorreu com valores de chuva inferiores à média histórica sobre a porção sudeste do país, incluindo o Sistema Cantareira. A causa principal para a grande falta de chuva foi a atuação de um intenso, persistente e anômalo sistema de alta pressão atmosférica que prejudicou o transporte de umidade da Amazônia, assim como a passagem/ desenvolvimento dos principais sistemas causadores de chuva, como a Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul e as frentes frias. Esse sistema, denominado de bloqueio atmosférico, teve uma duração de 45 dias, fato que resulta extremamente raro. A combinação dos baixos índices pluviométricos, o grande crescimento da demanda de água e o ineficiente gerenciamento desse recurso têm gerado uma “crise hídrica” durante os anos 2014 e 2015
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Sampaio G, Piedade S, Morais-Almeida M. Safety and efficacy of oral desensitization to swordfish in children with persistent and multiple fish allergy. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723825 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Piedade S, Sampaio G, Gaspar Â, Arêde C, Borrego LM, Santa-Marta C, Morais-Almeida M. Safety and efficacy of a sublingual-oral desensitization protocol in cow’s milk allergy treatment. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723920 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Santos N, Gaspar A, Livramento S, Sampaio G, Morais-Almeida M. Aspirin desensitization in a woman with inherited thrombophilia and recurrent miscarriage. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 44:256-257. [PMID: 23441445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Women with inherited thrombophilia and recurrent miscarriage might benefit from preconceptional antiagreggation with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), but concerns about severe adverse reactions may prevent physicians from performing this treatment in patients with ASA hypersensitivity. We report the first known case of ASA desensitization in a 41-year-old woman with inherited thrombophilia, who had homozygosity (4G/4G polymorphism) of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene and first trimester recurrent miscarriage, and had previously presented with anaphylaxis to ASA. Desensitization was completed despite one self-limited adverse reaction, and the patient has maintained a daily ASA intake of 100 mg with good tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santos
- Immunoallergy Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lapola DM, Oyama MD, Nobre CA, Sampaio G. A new world natural vegetation map for global change studies. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2008; 80:397-408. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652008000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new world natural vegetation map at 1 degree horizontal resolution for use in global climate models. We used the Dorman and Sellers vegetation classification with inclusion of a new biome: tropical seasonal forest, which refers to both deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. SSiB biogeophysical parameters values for this new biome type are presented. Under this new vegetation classification we obtained a consensus map between two global natural vegetation maps widely used in climate studies. We found that these two maps assign different biomes in ca. 1/3 of the continental grid points. To obtain a new global natural vegetation map, non-consensus areas were filled according to regional consensus based on more than 100 regional maps available on the internet. To minimize the risk of using poor quality information, the regional maps were obtained from reliable internet sources, and the filling procedure was based on the consensus among several regional maps obtained from independent sources. The new map was designed to reproduce accurately both the large-scale distribution of the main vegetation types (as it builds on two reliable global natural vegetation maps) and the regional details (as it is based on the consensus of regional maps).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sampaio
- Hospital Dona Estefânia, Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ribeiro RC, Sandrini F, Figueiredo B, Zambetti GP, Michalkiewicz E, Lafferty AR, DeLacerda L, Rabin M, Cadwell C, Sampaio G, Cat I, Stratakis CA, Sandrini R. An inherited p53 mutation that contributes in a tissue-specific manner to pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:9330-5. [PMID: 11481490 PMCID: PMC55420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.161479898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) in southern Brazil is 10-15 times higher than that of pediatric ACC worldwide. Because childhood ACC is associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, we examined the cancer history and p53 status of 36 Brazilian patients and their families. Remarkably, 35 of 36 patients had an identical germ-line point mutation of p53 encoding an R337H amino acid substitution. Differences within intragenic polymorphic markers demonstrated that at least some mutant alleles arose independently, thus eliminating a founder effect. In tumor cells, the wild-type allele was deleted, and mutant p53 protein accumulated within the nuclei. Although these features are consistent with Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated adrenal tumors, there was no history of increased cancer incidence among family members. Therefore, this inherited R337H p53 mutation represents a low-penetrance p53 allele that contributes in a tissue-specific manner to the development of pediatric ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ribeiro
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Abstract
Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are rare. In the USA, only about 25 new cases occur each year. In Southern Brazil, however, approximately 10 times that many cases are diagnosed each year. Most cases occur in the contiguous states of São Paulo and Paraná. The cause of this higher rate has not been identified. Familial genetic predisposition to cancer (p53 mutations) and selected genetic syndromes (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome) have been associated with childhood ACT in general but not with the Brazilian counterpart. Most of the affected children are young girls with classic endocrine syndromes (virilizing and/or Cushing). Levels of urinary 17-ketosteroids and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), which are abnormal in approximately 90% of the cases, provide the pivotal clue to a diagnosis of ACT. Typical imaging findings of pediatric ACT consist of a large, well-defined suprarenal tumor containing calcifications with a thin capsule and central necrosis or hemorrhage. The pathologic classification of pediatric ACT is troublesome. Even an experienced pathologist can find it difficult to differentiate carcinoma from adenoma. Surgery is the single most important procedure in the successful treatment of ACT. The role of chemotherapy in the management of childhood ACT has not been established although occasional tumors are responsive to mitotane or cisplatin-containing regimens. Because of the heterogeneity and rarity of the disease, prognostic factors have been difficult to establish in pediatric ACT. Patients with incomplete tumor resection or with metastatic disease at diagnosis have a dismal prognosis. In patients with localized and completely resected tumors, the size of the tumor has predictive value. Patients with large tumors have a much higher relapse rate than those with small tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ribeiro
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Noronha LD, Sampaio G, Bruck I, Reis-Filho JS, Montemór-Netto MR, Bleggi-Torres LF, Faoro LN, Gasparetto EL, Antoniuk S, Kasting G. [Krabbe s disease - case report]. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2000; 76:79-82. [PMID: 14647705 DOI: 10.2223/jped.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Report a case of Krabbés disease with necropsy. METHODS: Review of medical and necropsy records. RESULTS: An 8 months-old male patient developed tremors, swallowing difficulty and excessive salivation for 4 months prior to admission, evolving with vomiting and fever. Physical examination showed microcephaly and diffuse pigmentation of the retinae. Neurological examination showed flexion of upper limbs with spastic hyperthony, symmetrical global hyperreflexia, nystagmus and spontaneous spasms. EEG showed multifocal irritative activity. There was increase in both CSF protein and gamaglobulin. The patient evolved with transitory hyperthermia, vomiting and pneumopathy, dying on the 23rd day after admission. Post mortem studies revealed microcephaly with widening of brain sulci. Histological examination revealed several globoid cells in the deep portion of the white matter, reactive gliosis and demyelination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings were similar to those in the world literature, indicating a poor prognosis due to substantial brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Noronha
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Describe the morbidity associated with a rare disease due to an embryological defect. METHODS: Retrospective revision of medical and necropsy reports. Bibliographic research using MEDLINE, LILACS and Index Medicus databases. RESULTS: 1 year-old male patient, admitted with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, evolving to deep coma and death in a few hours. Necropsy showed diffuse leptomeningeal malignant melanoma in brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord and temporal lobe associated with a giant melanocytic nevus and satellite lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by the presence of large and/or multiple melanocytic nevi and pigmented tumors of the leptomeninges. It has a poor prognosis as demonstrated by the present report. It's physiopathology is believed to be due to a migration defect of the cells arising from the primitive neural crest. In these cases, an early diagnosis may improve the survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Noronha
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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