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Prelog M, Jeske SD, Asam C, Fuchs A, Wieser A, Gall C, Wytopil M, Mueller-Schmucker SM, Beileke S, Goekkaya M, Kling E, Geldmacher C, Rubio-Acero R, Plank M, Christa C, Willmann A, Vu M, Einhauser S, Weps M, Lampl BMJ, Almanzar G, Kousha K, Schwägerl V, Liebl B, Weber B, Drescher J, Scheidt J, Gefeller O, Messmann H, Protzer U, Liese J, Hoelscher M, Wagner R, Überla K, Steininger P. Clinical and immunological benefits of full primary COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: A prospective cohort study in non-hospitalized adults. J Clin Virol 2024; 170:105622. [PMID: 38091664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) may result in breakthrough infections (BTIs) in vaccinated individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of full primary (two-dose) COVID-19 vaccination with wild-type-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptoms and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 VOC BTIs. METHODS In a longitudinal multicenter controlled cohort study in Bavaria, Germany, COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated non-hospitalized individuals were prospectively enrolled within 14 days of a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals were visited weekly up to 4 times, performing a structured record of medical data and viral load assessment. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response was characterized by anti-spike-(S)- and anti-nucleocapsid-(N)-antibody concentrations, anti-S-IgG avidity and neutralization capacity. RESULTS A total of 300 individuals (212 BTIs, 88 non-BTIs) were included with VOC Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections. Full primary COVID-19 vaccination provided a significant effectiveness against five symptoms (relative risk reduction): fever (33 %), cough (21 %), dysgeusia (22 %), dizziness (52 %) and nausea/vomiting (48 %). Full primary vaccinated individuals showed significantly higher 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals at week 1 (269 vs. 56, respectively), and weeks 5-7 (1,917 vs. 932, respectively) with significantly higher relative anti-S-IgG avidity (78% vs. 27 % at week 4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Full primary COVID-19 vaccination reduced symptom frequencies in non-hospitalized individuals with BTIs and elicited a more rapid and longer lasting neutralization capacity against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals. These results support the recommendation to offer at least full primary vaccination to all adults to reduce disease severity caused by immune escape-variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D Jeske
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Asam
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andre Fuchs
- Internal Medicine III - Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Gall
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Wytopil
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra M Mueller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Goekkaya
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Institute of Environmental Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kling
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Willmann
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Vu
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Weps
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt M J Lampl
- Regensburg Department of Public Health, Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kimia Kousha
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Schwägerl
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Beatrix Weber
- Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, Hof, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Scheidt
- Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, Hof, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- Internal Medicine III - Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research, Munich partner site
| | - Johannes Liese
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Riekert M, Almanzar G, Schmalzing M, Schütze N, Jakob F, Prelog M. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate IL-17 and IL-9 production induced by Th17-inducing cytokine conditions in autoimmune arthritis: an explorative analysis. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:37. [PMID: 37525265 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of proinflammatory T-cells and their cytokine production in patients with autoimmune arthritis has been widely described. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have come into focus as a potential therapeutic concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MSCs on the phenotype, cytokine profile, and functionality of naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells from healthy donors (HD) and patients with autoimmune arthritis under Th17-cytokine polarizing conditions in an explorative way using a transwell system prohibiting any cell-cell-contact. METHODS Magnetically isolated naive and non-naive CD4+ T-cells were stimulated under Th17-polarizing proinflammatory cytokine conditions in presence and absence of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). After an incubation period of 6 days, the proportions of the T-cell subpopulations TEMRA (CD45RA+CD27-), memory (CD45RA-CD27+), effector (CD45RA-CD27-) and naive cells (CD45RA+CD27+) were determined. Quantitative immunofluorescence intensity was used as a measure for IL-9, IL-17 and IFN-γ production in each subpopulation. RESULTS In isolated naive CD4+ T-cells from HD and patients, MSCs suppressed the differentiation of naive towards an effector phenotype while memory and naive cells showed higher percentages in culture with MSCs. In patients, MSCs significantly decreased the proportion of IL-9 and IL-17 producing effector T-cells. MSCs also reduced IFN-γ production in the naive and memory phenotype from HD. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicate significant immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, as under Th17-polarizing conditions MSCs are still able to control T-cell differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production in both HD and patients with autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Riekert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Clinic, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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3
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Haake M, Haack B, Schäfer T, Harter PN, Mattavelli G, Eiring P, Vashist N, Wedekink F, Genssler S, Fischer B, Dahlhoff J, Mokhtari F, Kuzkina A, Welters MJP, Benz TM, Sorger L, Thiemann V, Almanzar G, Selle M, Thein K, Späth J, Gonzalez MC, Reitinger C, Ipsen-Escobedo A, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Eichler K, Filipski K, Zeiner PS, Beschorner R, Goedemans R, Gogolla FH, Hackl H, Rooswinkel RW, Thiem A, Roche PR, Joshi H, Pühringer D, Wöckel A, Diessner JE, Rüdiger M, Leo E, Cheng PF, Levesque MP, Goebeler M, Sauer M, Nimmerjahn F, Schuberth-Wagner C, von Felten S, Mittelbronn M, Mehling M, Beilhack A, van der Burg SH, Riedel A, Weide B, Dummer R, Wischhusen J. Tumor-derived GDF-15 blocks LFA-1 dependent T cell recruitment and suppresses responses to anti-PD-1 treatment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4253. [PMID: 37474523 PMCID: PMC10359308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is beneficial and even curative for some cancer patients. However, the majority don't respond to immune therapy. Across different tumor types, pre-existing T cell infiltrates predict response to checkpoint-based immunotherapy. Based on in vitro pharmacological studies, mouse models and analyses of human melanoma patients, we show that the cytokine GDF-15 impairs LFA-1/β2-integrin-mediated adhesion of T cells to activated endothelial cells, which is a pre-requisite of T cell extravasation. In melanoma patients, GDF-15 serum levels strongly correlate with failure of PD-1-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Neutralization of GDF-15 improves both T cell trafficking and therapy efficiency in murine tumor models. Thus GDF-15, beside its known role in cancer-related anorexia and cachexia, emerges as a regulator of T cell extravasation into the tumor microenvironment, which provides an even stronger rationale for therapeutic anti-GDF-15 antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haake
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Haack
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Greta Mattavelli
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neha Vashist
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Wedekink
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgitt Fischer
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlhoff
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Mokhtari
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kuzkina
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marij J P Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara M Benz
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Sorger
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Thiemann
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Selle
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klara Thein
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Späth
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Reitinger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ipsen-Escobedo
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Eichler
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Filipski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rudi Beschorner
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renske Goedemans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Falk Hagen Gogolla
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Thiem
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paula Romer Roche
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Dirk Pühringer
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim E Diessner
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Leo
- CatalYm GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie von Felten
- oikostat GmbH, Statistical Analyses and Consulting, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias Mehling
- Department of Biomedicine and Neurology Department, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Riedel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Huth L, Schäfer L, Almanzar G, Lupoli G, Bischof M, Wratil PR, Stövesand T, Drechsler C, Keppler OT, Prelog M. Immunologic Effect of Bivalent mRNA Booster in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:950-952. [PMID: 36791308 PMCID: PMC9944762 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2216309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Huth
- University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gaia Lupoli
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Torsten Stövesand
- Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
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5
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Wagenhäuser I, Reusch J, Gabel A, Höhn A, Lâm TT, Almanzar G, Prelog M, Krone LB, Frey A, Schubert-Unkmeir A, Dölken L, Frantz S, Kurzai O, Vogel U, Petri N, Krone M. Immunogenicity and safety of coadministration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:13993003.01390-2022. [PMID: 36549716 PMCID: PMC9773493 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01390-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination is established as important infection prevention measure, especially among highly exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) [1]. Coadministration with the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine could be an efficient strategy protecting HCWs from two major viral respiratory infections [2–4]. To date, the humoral immunogenicity and side-effects of a coadministered third COVID-19 and a seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine are still unclear, and the available data is limited in transferability to the general public [5–7]. This preference-based non-randomised controlled study examines the antibody-mediated immunogenicity and vaccine-related side-effects of mRNA-based COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccine coadministration in HCWs. Coadministration of seasonal quadrivalent influenza and COVID-19 booster vaccination is safe and does not increase vaccine-related side-effects, but may limit anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody formation https://bit.ly/3uKFUie
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Wagenhäuser
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Reusch
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gabel
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Höhn
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thiên-Trí Lâm
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Paediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Paediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas B Krone
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Petri
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manuel Krone
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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6
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Sonnleitner ST, Prelog M, Sonnleitner S, Hinterbichler E, Halbfurter H, Kopecky DBC, Almanzar G, Koblmüller S, Sturmbauer C, Feist L, Horres R, Posch W, Walder G. Cumulative SARS-CoV-2 mutations and corresponding changes in immunity in an immunocompromised patient indicate viral evolution within the host. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2560. [PMID: 35538074 PMCID: PMC9090742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different scenarios explaining the emergence of novel variants of concern (VOC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, including their evolution in scarcely monitored populations, in animals as alternative hosts, or in immunocompromised individuals. Here we report SARS-CoV-2 immune escape mutations over a period of seven months in an immunocompromised patient with prolonged viral shedding. Signs of infection, viral shedding and mutation events are periodically analyzed using RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing based on naso-pharyngeal swabs, with the results complemented by immunological diagnostics to determine humoral and T cell immune responses. Throughout the infection course, 17 non-synonymous intra-host mutations are noted, with 15 (88.2%) having been previously described as prominent immune escape mutations (S:E484K, S:D950N, S:P681H, S:N501Y, S:del(9), N:S235F and S:H655Y) in VOCs. The high frequency of these non-synonymous mutations is consistent with multiple events of convergent evolution. Thus, our results suggest that specific mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may represent positions with a fitness advantage, and may serve as targets in future vaccine and therapeutics development for COVID-19. Variants of concerns arise from SARS-CoV-2 mutations poise as severe public health threats. Here the authors chronicle SARS-CoV-2 mutations onset and immune parameters in an immunocompromised patient with continuous virus-shedding, thereby hinting potential intra-host viral evolution and escape facilitated by ineffective T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissy Therese Sonnleitner
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria. .,Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martina Prelog
- Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sonnleitner
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria
| | - Eva Hinterbichler
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria
| | - Hannah Halbfurter
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria
| | - Dominik B C Kopecky
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Leonard Feist
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhoeferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Horres
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhoeferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gernot Walder
- Infektiologie Tirol, Department of Virology, 9931, Unterwalden 30, Außervillgraten, Austria
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7
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Holzer MT, Almanzar G, Woidich R, Hügle B, Haas JP, Prelog M. Mitigated suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Treg) upon Th17-inducing cytokines in oligo- and polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 35410224 PMCID: PMC8996624 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasticity of T helper-17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells may be a clue to pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). It is still unclear, whether targeted suppression of Interleukin (IL)-17 is able to influence regulatory function of Treg to control pro-inflammatory effectors in JIA. This study aimed to assess the effect of a Th17-stimulating cytokine environment and of IL-17A-inhibition on phenotype plasticity and suppressive function of Treg derived from JIA patients. METHODS Th17 and Treg characteristics of CD4+ helper T cells were investigated in blood samples of JIA patients with oligo- and polyarticular pattern and healthy controls (HC). Isolated CD4+CD25+CD127- cells defined as Treg were cultivated with Th17-inducing cytokine environment as well as with IL-17A-inhibitors and analyzed for plasticity of phenotype by flow cytometry. Furthermore, inhibitory function of Treg on autologous effectors after cultivation with these stimuli was determined by suppression assays. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated significantly elevated proportions of Th17 and Th17-like Treg in JIA compared to HC. After incubation with Th17-inducing stimuli, increased FoxP3 expression in separated Treg in JIA and an impaired suppressive capacity in JIA and HC were found. Blockade of IL-17A resulted in adjustment of FoxP3-expression in JIA to proportions found in controls and in regular suppressive function. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an induction of FoxP3 expressing Treg by Th17-inducing cytokines with concomitant mitigated suppressive function. In contrast, specific IL-17A blockade maintains suppressive Treg function and adjusted FoxP3-expression in JIA to levels found in controls. These findings may help to provide experimental evidence for the successful clinical use of IL-17A inhibition in JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine III. (Nephrology and Rheumatology With Section Endocrinology), University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Woidich
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boris Hügle
- German Centre of Pediatric Rheumatology, Gehfeldstraße 24, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Haas
- German Centre of Pediatric Rheumatology, Gehfeldstraße 24, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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8
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Wratil PR, Stern M, Priller A, Willmann A, Almanzar G, Vogel E, Feuerherd M, Cheng CC, Yazici S, Christa C, Jeske S, Lupoli G, Vogt T, Albanese M, Mejías-Pérez E, Bauernfried S, Graf N, Mijocevic H, Vu M, Tinnefeld K, Wettengel J, Hoffmann D, Muenchhoff M, Daechert C, Mairhofer H, Krebs S, Fingerle V, Graf A, Steininger P, Blum H, Hornung V, Liebl B, Überla K, Prelog M, Knolle P, Keppler OT, Protzer U. Three exposures to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by either infection or vaccination elicit superior neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern. Nat Med 2022; 28:496-503. [PMID: 35090165 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection-neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination are an essential component of antiviral immunity. Antibody-mediated protection is challenged by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) with immune escape properties, such as omicron (B.1.1.529) that is rapidly spreading worldwide. Here, we report neutralizing antibody dynamics in a longitudinal cohort of COVID-19 convalescent and infection-naive individuals vaccinated with mRNA BNT162b2 by quantifying anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies and determining their avidity and neutralization capacity in serum. Using live-virus neutralization assays, we show that a superior infection-neutralizing capacity against all VoCs, including omicron, developed after either two vaccinations in convalescents or after a third vaccination or breakthrough infection of twice-vaccinated, naive individuals. These three consecutive spike antigen exposures resulted in an increasing neutralization capacity per anti-spike antibody unit and were paralleled by stepwise increases in antibody avidity. We conclude that an infection-plus-vaccination-induced hybrid immunity or a triple immunization can induce high-quality antibodies with superior neutralization capacity against VoCs, including omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Priller
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Willmann
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Vogel
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Cho-Chin Cheng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Yazici
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Jeske
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Vogt
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauernfried
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Graf
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijocevic
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Vu
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Tinnefeld
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Daechert
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Mairhofer
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Fingerle
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Liebl
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Pediatric Rheumatology / Special Immunology, Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Prelog M, Almanzar G, Stern R, Robrade K, Holzer MT, Winzig C, Kleines M, Stiasny K, Meyer T, Speth F, Haas JP. Humoral and cellular immune response to tick-borne-encephalitis (TBE) vaccination depends on booster doses in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Vaccine 2021; 39:5918-5927. [PMID: 34462165 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients living in areas with high prevalence of tick-borne-encephalitis-virus-(TBEV)-infection are recommended for administration of inactivated TBE-vaccination. However, there are serious concerns regarding protective vaccine-induced immune responses against TBEV in immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to analyze the humoral and cellular immune response to TBE-vaccination in previously TBE-vaccinated JIA patients compared to healthy controls (HC) including investigation of IgG-anti-TBEV avidity, neutralization capacity, cellular reactivity by IFNgamma-ELISPOT and cytokine secretion assays. Similar IgG-anti-TBEV antibody concentrations, neutralization titers and cellular reactivity were found between JIA and HC. The number and the early timing of booster vaccinations after primary vaccination had the most prominent effect on neutralizing antibodies in JIA and on IgG-anti-TBEV concentrations in both JIA and HC. Administration of booster vaccinations made it more likely for JIA patients to have IgG-anti-TBEV concentrations ≥165 VIEU/ml and avidities >60%. TNF-alpha inhibitors had a positive and MTX administration a negative effect on humoral immune responses. In conclusion, irrespective of having JIA or not, vaccinated children showed similar humoral and cellular immunity against TBEV several years after primary TBE-vaccination. However, in JIA, booster vaccinations mounted a significantly higher humoral immune response than in JIA without boosters. Our results highlight the need for timely administration of boosters particularly in JIA. Although immunosuppressive treatment at vaccinations in diagnosed JIA had a negative effect mainly on TBEV-specific cellular immunity, most JIA patients mounted a favorable humoral immune response which was maintained over time. Thus, successful TBE-vaccination seems highly feasible in JIA patients with immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - G Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - K Robrade
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M T Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Winzig
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Kleines
- Department of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Stiasny
- Department of Virology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Meyer
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - F Speth
- German Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Gehfeldstraße 24, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - J P Haas
- German Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Gehfeldstraße 24, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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10
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Sonnleitner ST, Prelog M, Jansen B, Rodgarkia-Dara C, Gietl S, Schönegger CM, Koblmüller S, Sturmbauer C, Posch W, Almanzar G, Jury H, Loney T, Tichy A, Nowotny N, Walder G. Maintenance of neutralizing antibodies over ten months in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 afflicted patients. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1596-1605. [PMID: 33960696 PMCID: PMC8242897 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the level and duration of protective immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 after primary infection is of crucial importance for preventive approaches. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the persistence of specific antibodies. We investigated the generation and maintenance of neutralizing antibodies of convalescent SARS‐CoV‐2‐afflicted patients over a ten‐month period post‐primary infection using an immunofluorescence assay, a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay and an in‐house enzyme‐linked neutralization assay. We present the successful application of an improved version of the plaque‐reduction neutralization assay which can be analysed optometrically to simplify data interpretation. Based on the results of the enzyme‐linked neutralization assay, neutralizing antibodies were maintained in 77.4% of convalescent individuals without relevant decay over ten months. Furthermore, a positive correlation between severity of infection and antibody titre was observed. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2‐afflicted individuals have been proven to be able to develop and maintain neutralizing antibodies over a period of ten months after primary infection. Findings suggest long‐lasting presumably protective humoral immune responses after wild‐type infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissy Therese Sonnleitner
- Department of Virology, Medical Laboratory, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria.,Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Jansen
- Department of Virology, Medical Laboratory, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | | | - Sarah Gietl
- Department of Virology, Medical Laboratory, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | - Carmen Maria Schönegger
- Department of Virology, Medical Laboratory, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | | | | | - Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jury
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tom Loney
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walder
- Department of Virology, Medical Laboratory, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
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11
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Heim J, Almanzar G, Schmalzing M, Gernert M, Tony HP, Prelog M. Induction of IL-9 in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Healthy Donors by Th17-Inducing Cytokine Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668095. [PMID: 33995403 PMCID: PMC8117786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9-producing Th9 cells display a group of helper T cells with similarities to Th17 and Th2 T cells and have been shown to be involved in synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. So far, it is unclear which parameters drive Th9 differentiation in lymphocytes derived from RA patients compared to immunologically healthy individuals and whether autocrine mechanisms are able to enhance Th9 polarization. Further, parallel pathways of induction of IL-17-producing cells with Th9 phenotype have to be distinguished from exclusively Th9-inductive mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the parameters of Th9 induction by simulation in a standardized inflammatory cytokine milieu.Peripheral naive and non-naive T cells of RA patients and healthy donors (HD) were cultured under Th9 and Th17-driving conditions and phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometry and molecular analysis.Our findings indicate a similar differentiation pathway of Th9 and Th17 cells and similar distributions of IL-9+ T cells in RA and HD regardless of Th9- or Th17-promoting cytokine milieus. Whereas the magnitude and direction of Th9- or Th17-polarization was about the same in RA and HD, IL-17+ CD4+ T cells were significantly stimulated by Th17-inducing conditions in HD. In conclusion, the results indicate that Th9- and Th17-inducing cytokine conditions mimicking autoimmune inflammation in RA may have similar stimulatory effects regarding polarization of peripheral naive and non-naive T cells into Th9 or Th17 cells. The results suggest that the differentiation of Th9 cells may be also induced by Th17-driving conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Heim
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Medicine II, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gernert
- Department of Medicine II, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- Department of Medicine II, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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12
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Christoforou T, Almanzar G, Brauneiser F, Buschmann N, Feuchtenberger M, Schmalzing M, Tony HP, Goebeler M, Prelog M. AB0040 IMPAIRED REGULATORY T CELL FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS ARTHRITIS ELIGIBLE TO SWITCH TO ANTI-IL-17 TREATMENT. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:A dysbalance between Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) has been suggested for several T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. Inhibitors of IL-17 are successfully used for treatment of psoriasis arthritis (PsA). However, so far reconstitution of Treg functions has not been studied in detail in PsA eligible for switching to anti-IL-17 treatment.Objectives:The project aims to analyze the reconstitution and maintenance of regulatory T cell (Treg) function after inhibition of inflammatory Th17-inducing pathways mediated by IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and TNFalpha in a longitudinal manner.Methods:Therefore, Treg derived from 12 PsA patients switching to Th17 inhibition and healthy controls were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. Function was investigated by analysis of suppressive activity of Treg on proliferation of autologous effector T cells in vitro utilizing suppression assays.Results:First results at the time-point of switching to anti-IL-17 treatment demonstrated PsA to be an IL-17-driven T cell-mediated autoimmune disorder, as proportions of T cells with Th17 phenotype were increased in PsA compared to controls (CCR6+IL-17 + 4.9% vs. 0.8% of CD4+) and FoxP3+ Treg cells (CD25brightFoxP3 + 0.2% vs. 0.4% of CD4+) were decreased. Higher proportions of FoxP3+ T cells expressing the Th17-characteristic chemokine receptor CCR6 were found in PsA (4.8% vs. 2.7% of CD4+), as well as higher proportions of pro-apoptotic CD95-expressing FoxP3+ T cells (9.8% vs. 2.8% of CD4+). Less suppression of autologous effector T cells co-cultured with CD25+ Treg cells was found in PsA compared to controls (22.2% vs. 28.3% reduction of proliferative activity), whereas CD25- helper T cells did not contribute to the suppression of effectors in PsA and only minimally in controls. Intracellular IL-10 production in Tregs, a key cytokine of Treg-associated regulation of inflammation, was similar between PsA and controls, although a trend to lower CTLA-4 expression involved in inhibition of co-stimulation was found in PsA.Conclusion:The current results indicate a skewed T cell balance towards Th17 cells and Treg cells showing Th17-like features in samples of PsA unsuccessfully pre-treated with different biologics recommending them for a switch to a therapy with selective inhibition of IL-17. Longitudinal results regarding the reconstitution and maintenance of Treg function in those PsA patients have to be awaited.Disclosure of Interests:Timotheos Christoforou: None declared, Giovanni Almanzar Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Franziska Brauneiser: None declared, Nils Buschmann: None declared, Martin Feuchtenberger Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Chugai, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Jansen-Cilag, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Marc Schmalzing Consultant of: Paid consultant for Hexal AG, Hans-Peter Tony Consultant of: AbbVie, Astra-Zeneca, BMS, Chugai, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Matthias Goebeler: None declared, Martina Prelog Grant/research support from: Chugai, Sobi, Novartis, Pfizer, Baxter, Consultant of: GSK, Pfizer, Novartis, MSD, Baxter, Sobi, Johnson, Speakers bureau: GSK, Pfizer, Novartis, MSD, Baxter, Sobi, Johnson
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Almanzar G, Kienle F, Schmalzing M, Maas A, Tony HP, Prelog M. Tofacitinib modulates the VZV-specific CD4+ T cell immune response in vitro in lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:2051-2060. [PMID: 31106368 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RA is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and release of inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, increased the incidence rate of herpes zoster compared with conventional DMARDs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tofacitinib on the varicella-zoster-virus (VZV)-specific T cell immune response. METHODS The effect of tofacitinib on the VZV-specific T cell immune response was determined by evaluating the IFNγ production, the proliferative capacity, the VZV-induced differentiation into effector and memory T cells, the expression of activation marker CD69 and helper T cell type 1 (Th1)-characteristic chemokine receptors, such as CXCR3 and CCR5, as well as cytotoxic activity (perforin and granzyme B expression) of CD4+ T cells of patients with RA compared with healthy donors upon stimulation with VZV antigen in vitro. RESULTS Tofacitinib significantly reduced the IFNγ production, proliferation, activation, and CXCR3 expression of VZV-specific CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner in short- and long-term lymphocyte culture. No effect on the distribution of naive, effectors or memory, or on the expression of perforin or granzyme B by VZV-specific CD4+ T cells was observed. CONCLUSION This study showed that tofacitinib significantly modulated the Th1 response to VZV. The poor VZV-specific cellular immune response in patients with RA may be considered in recommendations regarding appropriate vaccination strategies for enhancing the VZV-specific Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Kienle
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Würzburg, Germany
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Köstner K, Prelog M, Almanzar G, Fesq H, Haas JP, Hügle B. Successful use of secukinumab in a 4-year-old patient with deficiency of interleukin-36 antagonist. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:936-938. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Köstner
- German Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Fesq
- Klinik Oberammergau, Oberammergau, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Haas
- German Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Boris Hügle
- German Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Ugor E, Simon D, Almanzar G, Pap R, Najbauer J, Németh P, Balogh P, Prelog M, Czirják L, Berki T. Increased proportions of functionally impaired regulatory T cell subsets in systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2017; 184:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Almanzar G, Klein M, Schmalzing M, Hilligardt D, El Hajj N, Kneitz H, Wild V, Rosenwald A, Benoit S, Hamm H, Tony HP, Haaf T, Goebeler M, Prelog M. Disease Manifestation and Inflammatory Activity as Modulators of Th17/Treg Balance and RORC/FoxP3 Methylation in Systemic Sclerosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:141-154. [DOI: 10.1159/000450949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Klein M, Schmalzing M, Almanzar G, Benoit S, Hamm H, Tony HP, Goebeler M, Prelog M. Contribution of CD8+ T cells to inflammatory cytokine production in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Autoimmunity 2016; 49:532-546. [PMID: 27560622 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1217997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Only limited attention has been paid to the role of CD8 + T cells in the etiopathogenesis and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc). CD8 + T cells may have autoantigen-specific and pro-inflammatory but also immunomodulatory properties. To investigate the differentiation of CD8 + T cells, staining of cell surface factors and of chemokine receptors were performed. In addition, the cytokine-producing ability of circulating CD8 + T cells and their sensitivity to suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs) were compared between patients with diffuse (dcSSc) or limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and healthy individuals. We identified CD8 + T cells as producers of pro-inflammatory type-2 cytokines with a significant contribution of memory CD8 + T cells. Memory CD8 + T cells of SSc patients stayed unaltered after suppression with autologous Tregs. Expression of chemokine receptors was significantly correlated with intracellular cytokine production in CD8 + T cells with a clear dichotomy of type 1 and type 2 cytokines. High levels of intracellular cytokines, such as interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-13 and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were positively associated with the presence of Scl-70 or anti-centromere antibodies and negatively with the administration of glucocorticoids. Administration of glucocorticoids was positively associated with higher IFNgamma production. Lack of anti-centromere antibodies and therapy with methotrexate were positively associated with higher intracellular IL-10 production. CD8 + T cells may significantly contribute to inflammation in SSc. Our findings suggest to not only focus on T helper cells in the development of therapeutic strategies but also to consider the role of CD8 + T cells in the etiopathogenesis and perpetuation of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klein
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- b Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany , and
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Sandrine Benoit
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Henning Hamm
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- b Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany , and
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
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Prelog M, Hilligardt D, Schmidt CA, Przybylski GK, Leierer J, Almanzar G, El Hajj N, Lesch KP, Arolt V, Zwanzger P, Haaf T, Domschke K. Hypermethylation of FOXP3 Promoter and Premature Aging of the Immune System in Female Patients with Panic Disorder? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157930. [PMID: 27362416 PMCID: PMC4928917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological abnormalities associated with pathological conditions, such as higher infection rates, inflammatory diseases, cancer or cardiovascular events are common in patients with panic disorder. In the present study, T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), Forkhead-Box-Protein P3 gene (FOXP3) methylation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and relative telomere lengths (RTLs) were investigated in a total and subsamples of 131 patients with panic disorder as compared to 131 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in order to test for a potential dysfunction and premature aging of the immune system in anxiety disorders. Significantly lower TRECs (p = 0.004) as well as significant hypermethylation of the FOXP3 promoter region (p = 0.005) were observed in female (but not in male) patients with panic disorder as compared to healthy controls. No difference in relative telomere length was discerned between patients and controls, but significantly shorter telomeres in females, smokers and older persons within the patient group. The presently observed reduced TRECs in panic disorder patients and FOXP3 hypermethylation in female patients with panic disorder potentially reflect impaired thymus and immunosuppressive Treg function, which might partly account for the known increased morbidity and mortality of anxiety disorders conferred by e.g. cancer and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Deborah Hilligardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz K. Przybylski
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nady El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtät Munich, Munich, Germany
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Almanzar G, Greupner M, Morris P, Hoefner K, El Hajj N, Haaf T, Schmalzing M, Haas J, Tony H, Prelog M. AB0022 Modulation of Treg Stability and Function by Inhibition of IL-1beta. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Almanzar G, Mayerl C, Seitz JC, Höfner K, Brunner A, Wild V, Jahn D, Geier A, Fassnacht M, Prelog M. Expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 in human thymus. Steroids 2016; 110:35-40. [PMID: 27025972 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) is a high affinity dehydrogenase which rapidly inactivates physiologically-active glucocorticoids to protect key tissues. 11β-HSD2 expression has been described in peripheral cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system as well as in murine thymus. In absence of knowledge of 11β-HSD2 expression in human thymus, the study aimed to localize 11β-HSD2 in human thymic tissue. Thymic tissue was taken of six healthy, non-immunologically impaired male infants below 12months of age with congenital heart defects who had to undergo correction surgery. 11β-HSD2 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Kidney tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were taken as positive controls. Significant expression of 11β-HSD2 protein was found at single cell level in thymus parenchyma, at perivascular sites of capillaries and small vessels penetrating the thymus lobuli and within Hassall's bodies. The present study demonstrates that 11β-HSD2 is expressed in human thymus with predominant perivascular expression and also within Hassall's bodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming 11β-HSD2 expression at the protein level in human thymic tissue underlining a potential role of this enzyme in regulating glucocorticoid function at the thymic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mayerl
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan-Christoph Seitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Höfner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Muellerstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vanessa Wild
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Almanzar G, Schmalzing M, Trippen R, Höfner K, Weißbrich B, Geissinger E, Meyer T, Liese J, Tony HP, Prelog M. Significant IFNγ responses of CD8+ T cells in CMV-seropositive individuals with autoimmune arthritis. J Clin Virol 2016; 77:77-84. [PMID: 26921739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection accelerates immunosenescence in elderly with reactivations reported in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and abnormal responses towards CMV in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). OBJECTIVES Considering the signs of premature T-cell immunosenescence in arthritis patients, the known effect of CMV latency on speeding up many of these signs in an age-dependent manner and the role of CMV on IFNγ-mediated inflammation in healthy elderly and RA, we hypothesized that latent CMV infection accelerates TCR repertoire restriction, loss of CD28, peripheral T-cell proliferation and aberrant IFNγ responses in arthritis patients. STUDY DESIGN Unspecific and CMVpp65-specific IFNγ responses were investigated in peripheral CD8+ T-cells in RA or JIA patients and healthy, age-matched controls. RESULTS Despite higher prevalence and concentrations of IgG-anti-CMV, arthritis patients showed lower unspecific IFNγ production, lower CD69-mediated activation and lower CD8+ T-cell proliferation. CMV-seropositive RA patients showed higher intracellular IFNγ production and increased proportions of CD28-CD8+ T-cells after specific CMVpp65 long-term stimulation which was not altered by in vitro blockade of TNFα or IL-6. A skewed TCR repertoire towards oligoclonality and less polyclonality was found in JIA. DISCUSSION CMVpp65-specific IFNγ production with expansion of CD28-CD8+ T-cells suggests an efficient control of latent CMV regardless of immunosuppressive therapy or in vitro blockade of TNFα or IL-6 in CMV-seropositive arthritis patients. Increased IgG-anti-CMV antibody concentrations and increased proportions of intracellular IFNγ-producing CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T-cells in long-term cultures propose a possibly role of endogenous CMV reactivations boosting antibody levels and a higher possibly CMV-driven IFNγ-mediated inflammatory potential of CD8+ T-cells in arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Trippen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Höfner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weißbrich
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Geissinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Liese
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Zlamy M, Almanzar G, Parson W, Schmidt C, Leierer J, Weinberger B, Jeller V, Unsinn K, Eyrich M, Würzner R, Prelog M. Efforts of the human immune system to maintain the peripheral CD8+ T cell compartment after childhood thymectomy. Immun Ageing 2016; 13:3. [PMID: 26839574 PMCID: PMC4736487 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the T cell compartment diversity indicate an ongoing process of thymic activity and peripheral T cell renewal during human life. These processes are expected to be accelerated after childhood thymectomy and by the influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) inducing a prematurely aged immune system. The study aimed to investigate proportional changes and replicative history of CD8+ T cells, of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and CD103+ T cells (mostly gut-experienced) and the role of Interleukin-(IL)-7 and IL-7 receptor (CD127)-expressing T cells in thymectomized patients compared to young and old healthy controls. Results Decreased proportions of naive and CD31 + CD8+ T cells were demonstrated after thymectomy, with higher proliferative activity of CD127-expressing T cells and significantly shorter relative telomere lengths (RTLs) and lower T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Increased circulating CD103+ T cells and a skewed T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were found after thymectomy similar to elderly persons. Naive T cells were influenced by age at thymectomy and further decreased by CMV. Conclusions After childhood thymectomy, the immune system demonstrated constant efforts of the peripheral CD8+ T cell compartment to maintain homeostasis. Supposedly it tries to fill the void of RTEs by peripheral T cell proliferation, by at least partly IL-7-mediated mechanisms and by proportional increase of circulating CD103+ T cells, reminiscent of immune aging in elderly. Although other findings were less significant compared to healthy elderly, early thymectomy demonstrated immunological alterations of CD8+ T cells which mimic features of premature immunosenescence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zlamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria ; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA USA
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Jeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Unsinn
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Grundtman C, Jakic B, Buszko M, Onestingel E, Almanzar G, Demetz E, Dietrich H, Cappellano G, Wick G. Mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (mbHSP65)-induced atherosclerosis: Preventive oral tolerization and definition of atheroprotective and atherogenic mbHSP65 peptides. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:303-10. [PMID: 26233917 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify atherogenic and atheroprotective peptides of bacterial HSP60 [taking mycobacterial HSP65 (mbHSP65) as a potent paradigmatic representative] that could be used as candidates for an orally applied tolerizing vaccine against atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE(-/-) mice were immunized with mbHSP65 protein or peptides, given mbHSP65 orally and then kept either on chow or high cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis was assessed by en face and immunohistological analysis. Anti-HSP autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. The number and in vitro suppressive function of splenic and lymph node regulatory T cells (Tregs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Specific T cell reactivity against mbHSP65 protein or peptides was assessed by proliferation assay. RESULTS Decreased lesion size was accompanied by (a) increased splenic Treg numbers; (b) increased interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA levels in the aorta; (c) increased levels of anti-mbHSP65 and anti-mouse HSP60 antibodies pointing to pro-eukaryotic HSP60 humoral crossreaction, not curtailed by oral tolerization; (d) most importantly, we identified and functionally characterized novel atherogenic and atheroprotective mbHSP65 epitopes. CONCLUSION Atheroprotective mbHSP65 peptides may be considered as potential candidates for the development of a tolerizing vaccine to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, while keeping protective immunity to non-atherogenic domains of mbHSP65 intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grundtman
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maja Buszko
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Onestingel
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Dietrich
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Wick
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Robrade K, Stern R, Almanzar G, Kleines M, Speth F, Hügle B, Haas J, Prelog M. AB0030 Persistence of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against Tick-Borne-Encephalitis Vaccination in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Almanzar G, Bienenstein E, Höfner K, Schmalzing M, Tony HP, Liese J, Prelog M. AB0034 IFN-Gamma-Producing VZV-Specific CD4 T-Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Prelog M, Schönlaub J, Würzner R, Koppelstaetter C, Almanzar G, Brunner A, Gasser M, Prommegger R, Häusler G, Kapelari K, Högler W. Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:34. [PMID: 24006909 PMCID: PMC3844619 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the naive T cell subpopulations have been demonstrated in patients with T cell mediated autoimmune disorders, reminiscent of immunological changes found in the elderly during immunosenescence, including the switch from CD45RA + to CD45RO + T cells and decreased thymic function with increased compensatory proliferative mechanisms, partly associated with latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The present study was aimed to investigate proportions of lymphocytes, their relation to CMV-seropositivity and the replicative history of CD45RA + expressing T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 18) and healthy controls (HC, n = 70). METHODS Proportions of peripheral T cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The replicative history was assessed by T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and relative telomere length (RTL). Expression of CD62L was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in thyroid sections. The role of CMV was assessed by serology, ELISPOT assay and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a significant increase of CD28-negative T cells, associated with CMV-seropositivity in HT patients. HT showed abundant CD45RO + T cells with peripheral loss of CD62L-expressing CD8 + CD45RA + T cells, the latter mainly depending on disease duration. CD62L was expressed in thyroid lymphocyte infiltrations. The diagnosis of HT and within the HT group CMV-seropositivity were the main determinants for the loss of CD28 expression. RTL was not different between HC and HT. HT showed significantly lower TRECs in CD4 + CD45RA + T cells compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HT display a peripheral T cell phenotype reminiscent of findings in elderly persons or other autoimmune disorders. Whether these mechanisms are primary or secondary to the immunological alterations of autoimmune conditions should be investigated in longitudinal studies which may open research on new therapeutic regimes for treatment of HT and associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörn Schönlaub
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Müllerstr. 44, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Prommegger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham, Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sustal K, Almanzar G, Trippen R, Höfner K, Prelog M. OP0058 CCR6+ T-cells in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Trippen R, Almanzar G, Sustal K, Höfner K, Prelog M. OP0267 The influence of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on T-cell-phenotype in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Klein M, Almanzar G, Höfner K, Schmalzing M, Kleinert S, Tony HP, Benoit S, Hamm H, Goebeler M, Prelog M. AB0148 T-cell phenotype and intracellular cytokine-production in t-cells in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Almanzar G, Sustal K, Trippen R, Höfner K, Prelog M. SAT0464 Disease Status Influences the Balance and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Almanzar G, Zlamy M, Koppelstaetter C, Brunner A, Jeller V, Duftner C, Dejaco C, Brunner J, Prelog M. Increased replication of CD4+ naive T cells and changes in T cell homeostasis in a case of acute exacerbation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case comparison study. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7:135. [PMID: 23692985 PMCID: PMC3686624 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a heterogeneous T cell-mediated autoimmune disease with symptoms of premature aging of the immune system (immunosenescence). The present work is an investigation of immunosenescence parameters, such as quantity of naive and CD28- T cells, T cell receptor excision circles, relative telomere length and alterations of peripheral T cell replication, and was performed via comparison of a case of acute exacerbation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis against six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with disease remission and six age-matched healthy donors over a follow-up course of 12 months. Case presentation Phenotypical T cell characterization and intracellular interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 2 production were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and six healthy control donors, with findings determined by flow cytometry. T cell receptor excision circles and relative telomere length quantification were performed on deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from naive (CD4+CD28+CD45RA+) T cells and investigated via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Ki67 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry on naive T cells. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test for two independent groups of variables were used to compare healthy donors with patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. During follow-up, patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis showed lower total counts of naive and CD28-expressing T cells compared to healthy donors. Acute exacerbation led to low naive and CD28+ T cell populations and elevated proportions of Ki67-expressing CD4+ naive T cells. In conditions of exacerbation, T cell receptor excision circle numbers were in the lower range in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and increased after follow-up. Healthy donors showed significantly higher relative telomere lengths compared to patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Conclusions This investigation illustrates that the changes in T cell homeostasis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis may be the result of several mechanisms, such as diminished thymus function and peripheral exertions to maintain the peripheral T cell pool. The results also demonstrate that hallmarks of immunosenescence such as decreased naive T cell levels and lower T cell receptor excision circle numbers can only be interpreted together with replication markers such as relative telomere length or Ki67 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Kreutmayer S, Csordas A, Kern J, Maass V, Almanzar G, Offterdinger M, Öllinger R, Maass M, Wick G. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection acts as an endothelial stressor with the potential to initiate the earliest heat shock protein 60-dependent inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:259-68. [PMID: 23192457 PMCID: PMC3631098 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified increased expression and redistribution of the intracellular protein 60-kDa human heat shock protein (hHSP60) (HSPD1) to the cell surface in human endothelial cells subjected to classical atherosclerosis risk factors and subsequent immunologic cross-reactivity against this highly conserved molecule, as key events occurring early in the process of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed at investigating the role of infectious pathogens as stress factors for vascular endothelial cells and, as such, contributors to early atherosclerotic lesion formation. Using primary donor-matched arterial and venous human endothelial cells, we show that infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae leads to marked upregulation and surface expression of hHSP60 and adhesion molecules. Moreover, we provide evidence for an increased susceptibility of arterial endothelial cells for redistribution of hHSP60 to the cellular membrane in response to C. pneumoniae infection as compared to autologous venous endothelial cells. We also show that oxidative stress has a central role to play in endothelial cell activation in response to chlamydial infection. These data provide evidence for a role of C. pneumoniae as a potent primary endothelial stressor for arterial endothelial cells leading to enrichment of hHSP60 on the cellular membrane and, as such, a potential initiator of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kreutmayer
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam Csordas
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- />Division of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kern
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Viola Maass
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Offterdinger
- />Biooptics Facility, Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Öllinger
- />Division of Visceral, Transplant and Thorax Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Maass
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Wick
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Prelog M, Schönlaub J, Jeller V, Almanzar G, Höfner K, Gruber S, Eiwegger T, Würzner R. Reduced varicella-zoster-virus (VZV)-specific lymphocytes and IgG antibody avidity in solid organ transplant recipients. Vaccine 2013; 31:2420-6. [PMID: 23583889 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella-zoster-virus (VZV) infection may cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. So far, only IgG-anti-VZV antibody concentrations were used to estimate immunity against VZV, but the antibody binding strength (avidity) together with VZV-specific cellular responses have not been evaluated in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. METHODS Thus, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses to two doses of the VZV vaccine (vacc) and wild-type VZV infection (wt) in 23 kidney (KTx) and 19 liver transplant (LTx) recipients including children and adults compared to 48 healthy controls (HC) for measurement of IgG-anti-VZV relative avidity index (RAI) and frequency of VZV-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vaccinated individuals using an adapted ELISA and IFN-gamma ELISPOT, respectively. RESULTS KTx(wt) (median RAI 72.3%) or LTx(wt) (79.2%) and KTx(vacc) (91.0%) or LTx(vacc) (72.5%) showed lower avidities compared to HC(wt) (84.5%) and HC(vacc) (94.0%), respectively, despite equally distributed IgG-anti-VZV concentrations. RAI>60% (high avidity) was detected in all HC, but only in 69.0% of SOT patients. KTx(vacc) (median 64 spot forming units SFU/500,000 PBMCs) and LTx(vacc) (67 SFU) had significantly lower VZV-specific cellular responses compared to HC(vacc) (268 SFU). CONCLUSIONS The diminished cellular reactivity to VZV has to be considered in SOT patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments when evaluating immunity against VZV. IgG antibody avidity and VZV-specific cellular responses may serve as additional markers to evaluate immunity against VZV in SOT recipients. The role of wild-type exposures and endogenous VZV re-activation on long-term immunity in SOT patients has to be awaited to establish recommendations for vaccine spacing in these patients, considering immunogenicity and safety aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Prelog M, Almanzar G, Rieber N, Ottensmeier B, Zlamy M, Liese J. Differences of IgG antibody avidity after an acellular pertussis (aP) booster in adolescents after a whole cell (wcP) or aP primary vaccination. Vaccine 2012; 31:387-93. [PMID: 23142306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Compared to whole cell pertussis (wcP) vaccines, acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) have a better safety profile with lower reactogenicity, although their short and long-term efficacy was found to be slightly lower. Up to now, no established serological parameter to predict long-term protection exists. IgG-anti-pertussis avidity possibly determines the effect of different pertussis vaccines and boosting intervals on long-term immunity. Thus, the avidity of a tetanus-diphtheria-aP booster at 10-14 years was tested in three groups of adolescents who had been previously immunized with either five doses of aP (5aP) at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 5-6 years of age, four doses of aP (4aP) or four doses of wcP (4wcP) at 2, 4, 6 and 15-18 months of age. Relative avidity index (RAI) of IgG-anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and IgG-anti-filamentous-hemagglutinin (FHA) was assessed by an adapted ELISA. RAI of IgG-anti-PT and of IgG-anti-FHA correlated positively with antibody concentrations in the pre-vaccination and in the post-vaccination analysis and significantly increased after adolescent booster with aP in all groups. Pre- and post-vaccination, the proportion of participants with IgG-anti-PT RAI>40% (moderate to high avidity) was significantly lower in the 4wcP group (52.9% and 88.9%) compared to the 5aP group (89.5% and 100.0%). In conclusion, TdaP in adolescence induces an increase of antibody avidity and, thus, is able to enhance the binding-quality of antibodies against pertussis. The study suggests including antibody avidity into serological studies on the humoral response to provide information about the long-term efficacy of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Almanzar G, Öllinger R, Leuenberger J, Onestingel E, Rantner B, Zehm S, Cardini B, van der Zee R, Grundtman C, Wick G. Autoreactive HSP60 epitope-specific T-cells in early human atherosclerotic lesions. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:441-50. [PMID: 22901435 PMCID: PMC3516706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the arterial intima. Classical risk factors lead to over-expression of stress proteins, especially heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). HSP60 on the surface of arterial endothelial cells (ECs) then becomes a target for pre-existing adaptive anti-HSP60 immunity resulting in infiltration of the intima by mononuclear cells. In the present study, T-cells derived from early, clinically still inapparent human atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed phenotypically and for their reactivity against HSP60 and HSP60-derived peptides. HSP60 was detected in ECs and CD40- and HLA Class II-positive cells within the intima. Effector memory CD4+ T-cells producing high amounts of interferon-γ and low levels of interleukin-4 were the dominant subpopulation. T-cells derived from late lesions displayed a more restricted T-cell receptor repertoire to HSP60-derived peptides than those isolated from early lesions. Increased levels of soluble HSP60 and circulating anti-human HSP60 autoantibodies were found in donors with late but not early lesions. This is the first functional study of T-cells derived from early human atherosclerotic lesions that supports the previously proposed concept that HSP60-reactive T-cells initiate atherosclerosis by recognition of atherogenic HSP60 epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Section of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, Schöpfstraße 41/1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Grundtman C, Kreutmayer SB, Almanzar G, Wick MC, Wick G. Heat shock protein 60 and immune inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:960-8. [PMID: 21508342 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases, notably atherosclerosis, have been observed for a long time. However, evidence for an (auto)antigen-driven process at these sites of inflammation has come forward only recently. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been identified as playing either immunologically mediated disease promoting or protective roles. HSP60 has been shown to trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that initiate the earliest still reversible inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis. HSP60 is structurally highly conserved and abundantly expressed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells under stressful conditions. Beneficial protective immunity to microbial HSP60 acquired by infection or vaccination and bona fide autoimmunity to biochemically altered autologous HSP60 is present in all humans. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that classical atherosclerosis risk factors can act as endothelial stressors that provoke the simultaneous expression of adhesion molecules and of HSP60 in mitochondria, in cytoplasm, and on the cell surface, where it acts as a "danger signal" for cellular and humoral immune reactions. Hence, protective, preexisting anti-HSP60 immunity may have to be "paid for" by harmful (auto)immune cross-reactive attack on arterial endothelial cells maltreated by atherosclerosis risk factors. These experimentally and clinically proven findings are the basis for the autoimmune concept of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grundtman
- Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Biocenter, Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstraße 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Weiskopf D, Schwanninger A, Weinberger B, Almanzar G, Parson W, Buus S, Lindner H, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Oxidative stress can alter the antigenicity of immunodominant peptides. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:165-72. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0209065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Almanzar G, Olkhanud PB, Bodogai M, Dell'agnola C, Baatar D, Hewitt SM, Ghimenton C, Tummala MK, Weeraratna AT, Hoek KS, Kouprina N, Larionov V, Biragyn A. Sperm-derived SPANX-B is a clinically relevant tumor antigen that is expressed in human tumors and readily recognized by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1954-63. [PMID: 19276289 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The sperm-derived SPANX family proteins can be found expressed in human tumors. Here, we aimed to perform a comprehensive study to evaluate immunotherapeutic relevance of one of its members, SPANX-B. We wanted to test its expression pattern in human tumors and to evaluate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in healthy humans after in vitro immunizations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of SPANX-B in human malignancies, including a multitumor tissue array of 145 primary tumors, was assessed using reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. T-cell immunogenicity and immunodominant epitopes of SPANX-B were studied using in vitro immunizations of healthy human donor-derived leukocytes. RESULTS SPANX-B was abundantly expressed in melanoma and carcinomas of lung, ovary, colon, and breast. In melanoma, tissue array data indicated that it was expressed in advanced and metastatic disease. Unlike most tumor-associated antigens, SPANX-B was an immunogenic antigen that was recognized by circulating T-cell precursors in healthy humans. Importantly, these T cells were readily expanded to generate SPANX-B-specific helper CD4(+) and cytolytic CD8(+) T cells that recognized unique immunodominant epitopes: at least one HLA-DR-restricted Pep-9 epitope (SPANX-B(12-23)) and two HLA-A2-restricted Pep-2 and Pep-4 epitopes (SPANX-B(23-31) and SPANX-B(57-65), respectively). CD8(+) T cells were fully functional to recognize and lyse HLA-A2-expressing tumors, including primary human melanomas. CONCLUSIONS SPANX-B is an immunogenic sperm-derived antigen that is expressed in several human tumors. SPANX-B is also efficiently recognized by the human T-cell immune arm, indicating its significant value for the development of protective and therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Biragyn A, Schiavo R, Olkhanud P, Sumitomo K, King A, McCain M, Indig FE, Almanzar G, Baatar D. Tumor-associated embryonic antigen-expressing vaccines that target CCR6 elicit potent CD8+ T cell-mediated protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity. J Immunol 2007; 179:1381-8. [PMID: 17617631 PMCID: PMC2365706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its potency, the wider use of immunotherapy for B cell malignancies is hampered by the lack of well-defined tumor-specific Ags. In this study, we demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved 37-kDa immature laminin receptor protein (OFA-iLRP), a nonimmunogenic embryonic Ag expressed by a variety of tumors, is rendered immunogenic if targeted to the APCs using the CCR6 ligands MIP3alpha/CCL20 and mDF2beta. The CCR6 targeting facilitated efficient Ag cross-presentation and induction of tumor-neutralizing CTLs. Although the Ag targeting alone, without activation of dendritic cells (DCs), is proposed to induce tolerance, and MIP3alpha does not directly activate DCs, the MIP3alpha-based vaccine efficiently induced protective and therapeutic antitumor responses. The responses were as strong as those elicited by the OFA-iLRP fusions with moieties that activated DCs and Th1-type cytokine responses, mDF2beta, or mycobacterial Hsp70 Ag. Although the same cDNA encodes the dimerized high-affinity mature 67-kDa mLRP that is expressed in normal tissues to stabilize the binding of laminin to cell surface integrins, the vaccines expressing OFA-iLRP elicited long-term protective CD8(+) T cell-mediated memory responses against syngeneic B cell lymphoma, indicating the potential application of these simple vaccines as preventive and therapeutic formulations for human use.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Chemokine CCL20
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Laminin/genetics
- Receptors, Laminin/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Biragyn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Baatar D, Olkhanud P, Almanzar G, Wells V, Mallucci L, Biragyn A. CD25+CD4+ T regulatory cells utilize β-galactoside-binding protein to suppress proliferation of CD8+T cells. (88.40). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.88.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD25+CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are important cells that control induction of autoimmunity. They induce peripheral T cell tolerance via contact-dependent process, though the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report that βGBP (β-galactoside binding protein), a cytokine with a physiological role in cell cycle control and a putative role in the silencing phase of T cell immune response and the switching off of T cell effector functions, participates in Tregs-mediated regulation of T cells. We found that freshly isolated human PBL-derived natural Tregs constitutively express βGBP and utilize it to mediate suppression of proliferation of naïve CD8+ T cells. Although large amounts of βGBP can be secreted from stimulated Tregs, suppression of proliferation by βGBP is mediated by nM concentrations of βGBP bound to the cell surface, which is in accord with its cytokine-like function. Interestingly, Tregs utilize βGBP to specifically and transiently inhibit proliferation of CD8+ T cells without inducing apoptosis. Inhibition of proliferation is associated with the ability of βGBP to inhibit downstream signaling events of TCR. Our data indicate that Tregs use βGBP as a key mediator of contact-dependent regulation of T cell proliferation.
This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolgor Baatar
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, NIA, Room 4B09, GRC building, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224,
| | - Purevdorj Olkhanud
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, NIA, Room 4B09, GRC building, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224,
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, NIA, Room 4B09, GRC building, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224,
| | - Valerie Wells
- 2Cell Signaling and Growth Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Livio Mallucci
- 2Cell Signaling and Growth Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arya Biragyn
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, NIA, Room 4B09, GRC building, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224,
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Almanzar G, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Chaparro SV, Jenewein B, Keller M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Immunodominant peptides from conserved influenza proteins – A tool for more efficient vaccination in the elderly? Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:116-21. [PMID: 17427008 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza-specific CD8+ T cells are important for the clearance of infection especially in high risk groups such as elderly persons. Activation of these cells by immunization might therefore be a useful tool for a better protection of this specific age group. We therefore analyzed the frequency, phenotype and function of CD8+ T cells with specificity to the influenza M1(58-66) peptide in young, middle-aged and elderly persons ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation. Significantly lower numbers of M1(58-66)-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the middle-aged and elderly compared to young donors. M1(58-66)-specific CD8+ T cells were either CD45RA(low)CD45RO(low) or CD45RA-CD45RO+, expressed CD28 and CD62L and did not produce perforin. There was no difference in the phenotype of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells between the three age groups. Despite the initially low numbers of M1(58-66)-specific CD8+ T cells in the older age groups, these cells could be expanded in vitro following peptide stimulation. They also acquired a CD45RO+CD28+ CD62L(+/-) phenotype and produced perforin. Our results demonstrate that although initially low in number, M1(58-66)-specific CD8+ T cells from elderly persons can be propagated and differentiated into perforin producing effector cells upon appropriate stimulation. M1(58-66) peptide or other immunodominant peptides derived from conserved influenza proteins could therefore be useful in future influenza vaccines in order to render elderly persons better protected against disease, in particular in the case of an influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Herndler-Brandstetter D, Schwaiger S, Veel E, Fehrer C, Cioca DP, Almanzar G, Keller M, Pfister G, Parson W, Würzner R, Schönitzer D, Henson SM, Aspinall R, Lepperdinger G, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. CD25-Expressing CD8+T Cells Are Potent Memory Cells in Old Age. J Immunol 2005; 175:1566-74. [PMID: 16034095 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have recently described an IL-2/IL-4-producing CD8+CD25+ non-regulatory memory T cell population that occurs in a subgroup of healthy elderly persons who characteristically still have a good humoral response after vaccination. The present study addresses this specific T cell subset and investigates its origin, clonal composition, Ag specificity, and replicative history. We demonstrate that CD8+CD25+ memory T cells frequently exhibit a CD4+CD8+ double-positive phenotype. The expression of the CD8 alphabeta molecule and the occurrence of signal-joint TCR rearrangement excision circles suggest a thymic origin of these cells. They also have longer telomeres than their CD8+CD25- memory counterparts, thus indicating a shorter replicative history. CD8+CD25+ memory T cells display a polyclonal TCR repertoire and respond to IL-2 as well as to a panel of different Ags, whereas the CD8+CD25- memory T cell population has a more restricted TCR diversity, responds to fewer Ags, and does not proliferate in response to stimulation with IL-2. Molecular tracking of specific clones with clonotypic primers reveals that the same clones occur in CD8+CD25+ and CD8+CD25- memory T cell populations, demonstrating a lineage relationship between CD25+ and CD25- memory CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that CD25-expressing memory T cells represent an early stage in the differentiation of CD8+ cells. Accumulation of these cells in elderly persons appears to be a prerequisite of intact immune responsiveness in the absence of naive T cells in old age.
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Almanzar G, Schwaiger S, Jenewein B, Keller M, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Würzner R, Schönitzer D, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8+ T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons. J Virol 2005; 79:3675-83. [PMID: 15731261 PMCID: PMC1075718 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.6.3675-3683.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the present belief that latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection drives CD8+ T-cell differentiation and induces premature immune senescence, no systematic studies have so far been performed to compare phenotypical and functional changes in the CD8+ T-cell repertoire in CMV-infected and noninfected persons of different age groups. In the present study, number, cytokine production, and growth potential of naive (CD45RA+ CD28+), memory (CD45RA- CD28+), and effector (CD45RA+ CD28- or CD45RA- CD28-) CD8+ T cells were analyzed in young, middle-aged, and elderly clinically healthy persons with a positive or negative CMV antibody serology. Numbers and functional properties of CMVpp65(495-503)-specific CD8+ T cells were also studied. We demonstrate that aging as well as CMV infection lead to a decrease in the size of the naive CD8+ T-cell pool but to an increase in the number of CD8+ effector T cells, which produce gamma interferon but lack substantial growth potential. The size of the CD8+ memory T-cell population, which grows well and produces interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4, also increases with aging, but this increase is missing in CMV carriers. Life-long latent CMV infection seems thus to diminish the size of the naive and the early memory T-cell pool and to drive a Th1 polarization within the immune system. This can lead to a reduced diversity of CD8 responses and to chronic inflammatory processes which may be the basis of severe health problems in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almanzar
- Immunology Division, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg, 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Almanzar G, Schwaiger S, Jenewein B, Keller M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Würzner R, Schönitzer D. IFN-γ production by CMV-specific CD8+ T cells is high in elderly donors. Exp Gerontol 2004; 39:863-5; author reply 867-8. [PMID: 15130684 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gschoesser C, Almanzar G, Hainz U, Ortin J, Schonitzer D, Schild H, Saurwein-Teissl M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. CD4+ and CD8+ mediated cellular immune response to recombinant influenza nucleoprotein. Vaccine 2002; 20:3731-8. [PMID: 12399202 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The stimulatory properties of soluble recombinant influenza nucleoprotein (NP) on purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly individuals were studied. Recombinant influenza NP failed to induce proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the absence of IL-2. Addition of small amounts of IL-2, however, led to strong proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly donors. NP-reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell lines from both age groups grew equally well under long-term culture conditions. T cell lines raised to live influenza virus could recognize recombinant influenza NP and showed a substantial proliferative response. Stimulation of CD8(+) T cells is presumably due to cross-presentation, as EBV-transformed MHC class I-positive cell lines, which are incapable of antigen processing, stimulated live influenza virus-reactive CD8(+) T cell lines when loaded with NP-derived immunodominant peptides but not following loading with the whole NP molecule. Vaccines containing recombinant influenza NP might confer cross-protective immunity and could therefore be especially useful in cases of major epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gschoesser
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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