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Lazzari R, Corrales G, Lopes J, Gonzales F, Messias L, Pinilla O, Oliveira C. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Motor Training in an Individual with Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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2
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Redondo JA, Martínez-Campos E, Navarro R, Pérez-Perrino M, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Corrales G, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Elvira C. Hydroxyl versus permethylated glycopolymers as gene carriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:68-76. [PMID: 28385616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main parameters that contribute to non-viral gene delivery are chemical structure and charge distribution. Indeed, saccharide units have been reported to have specific interactions with proteins located in the outer leaflet of the plasma cell membrane that facilitate the cellular internalization of plasmid-DNA vector complexes. In this work, glycopolymers based on statistical copolymers were synthesized through radical copolymerization of a cationic unit, N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide (EPA), with two styrenic monomers derived from the hydroxylated and permethylated forms of α-glucose. These copolymers were evaluated as possible non-viral gene carriers, and their ability to complex DNA was evaluated. The transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility of the polyplexes, in both fibroblastic and tumoral murine cell lines, was evaluated. Systems derived from α-glucose (GLCSt), over a monomer concentration range of 5-70mol%, exhibited high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, and were not able to significantly improve on results obtained from positive poly-EPA (PEPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) controls. However, systems derived from the permethylated form of α-glucose (MGLCSt), formed stable complexes with DNA or polyplexes, which showed improved transfection efficiency and cytocompatibility in comparison to positive controls. The high transfection efficiency can be clearly attributed to their cytocompatibility, which was notably found to be different for Swiss fibroblasts and B16 melanoma cells, high for Swiss and low for B16. As such, we present permethylated MCLCSt copolymers as good candidates for the possible development of therapies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Redondo
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Perrino
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Corrales
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Elvira
- Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Redondo JA, Martínez-Campos E, Plet L, Pérez-Perrino M, Navarro R, Corrales G, Pandit A, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, López-Lacomba JL, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Elvira C. Polymeric Gene Carriers Bearing Pendant β-Cyclodextrin: The Relevance of Glycoside Permethylation on the "In Vitro" Cell Response. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:575-83. [PMID: 26833583 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of cyclodextrins (CDs) to nonviral cationic polymer vectors is very attractive due to recent studies that report a clear improvement of their cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency. However, a systematic study on the influence of the CD derivatization is still lacking. In this work, the relevance of β-CD permethylation has been addressed by preparing and evaluating two series of copolymers of the cationic N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide (EPA) and styrenic units bearing pendant hydroxylated and permethylated β-CDs (HCDSt and MeCDSt, respectively). For both cell lines, CDs permethylation shows a strong influence on plasmid DNA complexation, "in vitro" cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency of the resulting copolymers over two murine cell lines. While the incorporation of the hydroxylated CD moiety increased the cytotoxicity of the copolymers in comparison with their homopolycationic counterpart, the permethylated copolymers have shown full cytocompatibility as well as superior transfection efficiency than the controls. This behavior has been related to the different chemical nature of both units and tentatively to a different distribution of units along the polymeric chains. Cellular internalization analysis with fluorescent copo-lymers supports this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Redondo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laetitia Plet
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mónica Pérez-Perrino
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Corrales
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Lacomba
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB), Tissue Engineering Group, (UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Hermida C, Martínez-Costa OH, Corrales G, Teruel C, Sánchez V, Sánchez JJ, Sarrión D, Ariza MJ, Codoceo R, Calvo I, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Aragón JJ. Improvement and validation of d-xylose determination in urine and serum as a new tool for the noninvasive evaluation of lactase activity in humans. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:478-86. [PMID: 24659338 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phloroglucinol assay is the current method for d-xylose determination in urine/plasma/serum. However, its sensitivity is limited when low amounts of d-xylose are to be measured, such as in the noninvasive evaluation of intestinal lactase with 4-galactosylxylose (gaxilose). An improved assay was therefore needed. METHODS We developed and validated a modified version of the phloroglucinol-based assay for quantification of d-xylose in urine/serum samples. A method for gaxilose determination by gas chromatography (GC) was also optimized. RESULTS Linearity ranged from 0.125 to 5.0 mg/l (5-200 mg/l in original sample). Accuracy at LOQ (0.125 mg/l) was 0.97/2.49% in spiked urine/serum; for other quality controls (QC), it was <1.27%. Intra- and interassay precision at LOQ were 6.02% and 6.45% for urine, and 8.86% and 10.00%, respectively, for serum; for other QC, precision was <2.15%. Linearity of gaxilose determination by GC was 3.90-195.17 for urine and 9.75-195.17 mg/l for serum with acceptable sensitivity and reproducibility. The method proved adequate for the d-xylose determination in healthy and hypolactasic subjects after oral administration of gaxilose. CONCLUSIONS The modified method provides high sensitivity and robustness for d-xylose quantification in urine/serum for routine clinical use especially in the noninvasive diagnosis of intestinal lactase deficiency with the gaxilose test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hermida
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Venter Pharma SL, Madrid, Spain
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Doyagüez EG, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Corrales G, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Gallardo A. Water-Soluble Pendant Copolymers Bearing Proline and Permethylated β-Cyclodextrin: pH-Dependent Catalytic Nanoreactors. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa G. Doyagüez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Corrales
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Doyagüez EG, Corrales G, Garrido L, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Gallardo A, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Linear Copolymers of Proline Methacrylate and Styrene as Catalysts for Aldol Reactions in Water: Effect of the Copolymer Aggregation on the Enantioselectivity. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201159n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa G. Doyagüez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Corrales
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leoncio Garrido
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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García-García JF, Corrales G, Casas J, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García-Junceda E. Synthesis and evaluation of xylopyranoside derivatives as “decoy acceptors” of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7. Mol BioSyst 2011; 7:1312-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Doyagüez EG, Parra F, Corrales G, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Gallardo A. New hydroxyproline based methacrylic polybetaines: Synthesis, pH sensitivity and catalytic activity. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Corrales G, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García-Junceda E, Rodríguez Y. A New Strategy for Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Disaccharides Based on the Use of Glycosidases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009015250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hermida C, Corrales G, Cañada FJ, Aragón JJ, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Optimizing the enzymatic synthesis of β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-xyloses for their use in the evaluation of lactase activity in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4836-40. [PMID: 17512743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Disaccharides 2-O-, 3-O-, and 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xyloses (2, 3, and 1, respectively) were obtained by beta-galactosidase-catalyzed reactions for their use in the evaluation of intestinal lactase activity in vivo. Their administration to suckling rats followed by determination of the derived D-xylose in the urine and measurement of lactase activity in intestinal homogenates showed 1 to be the most suitable disaccharide for a potential test of the deficiency of intestinal lactase. The synthesis of 1 was further studied by evaluating the effect of different variables on the yield and regioselectivity of the enzymatic galactosylation, and the purification process was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hermida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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García-Alvarez I, Corrales G, Doncel-Pérez E, Muñoz A, Nieto-Sampedro M, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Design and synthesis of glycoside inhibitors of glioma and melanoma growth. J Med Chem 2007; 50:364-73. [PMID: 17228879 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An N-acetylglucosaminide derivative with a pentaerythritol substituent at position C-6 was previously synthesized and shown to inhibit neural tumor growth. Now, we report the preparation of a series of new synthetic compounds introducing systematic changes in the nature, polarity, and size of the sugar substituents. The antimitotic activity of the new compounds was tested on cultured rat (C6) and human (U-373) glioma lines and on a human melanoma line (A-375). The antimitotic and antitumoral activity of the new compounds on glioma cell lines increased up to 2 orders of magnitude with respect to the parent compound or was abolished, permitting a detailed structure-function analysis of the new antitumorals. One of the glycosides inhibited melanoma division with an ID50 below the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-Alvarez
- Instituto de Química OrgAnica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Hermida C, Corrales G, Martínez-Costa OH, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Aragón JJ. Noninvasive evaluation of intestinal lactase with 4-galactosylxylose: comparison with 3- and 2-galactosylxylose and optimization of the method in rats. Clin Chem 2005; 52:270-7. [PMID: 16384892 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.058446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary excretion of D-xylose by suckling rats after ingestion of a mixture of 4-, 3-, and 2-galactosylxyloses reflects lactase activity in vivo. We aimed to select the most convenient of these disaccharides for detecting changes of the enzyme activity in vivo and to optimize the method. METHODS 4-, 3-, and 2-galactosylxyloses were synthesized and purified, then orally administered to suckling rats of different ages. D-Xylose was measured colorimetrically by the phloroglucinol reaction in urine and plasma. Lactase activity was determined in extracts of small intestine mucosa with lactose, galactosylxyloses, and phlorizin as substrates. RESULTS D-Xylose appeared in the urine in a dose-dependent manner after ingestion of any of the 3 galactosylxylose disaccharides. Correlation between D-xylose elimination and intestinal lactase activity was highest with 4-galactosylxylose (r = 0.97; n = 24), lower with 2-galactosylxylose (r = 0.89; n = 24), and lowest with 3-galactosylxylose (r = 0.34; n = 23). The kinetic properties of intestinal lactase accounted for these differences. D-Xylose concentration in plasma after administration of 4-galactosylxylose also correlated with lactase activity (r = 0.93; n = 33). CONCLUSIONS 4-Galactosylxylose is the most suitable compound for the evaluation of lactase activity in vivo. Measurement of the derived D-xylose in either urine or blood gives an estimate of the total lactose digestive capacity of the small intestine. The optimized method holds promise for development of a simple, low-cost, and reliable new test for the noninvasive diagnosis of hypolactasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hermida
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Aguilera B, Romero-Ramírez L, Abad-Rodríguez J, Corrales G, Nieto-Sampedro M, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Novel disaccharide inhibitors of human glioma cell division. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4599-606. [PMID: 9804699 DOI: 10.1021/jm980365i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several alpha-L-Fuc-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GlcNAcOC8H17 disaccharide derivatives bearing different hydroxylated alkyl chains, with or without sulfate groups at C-4 and/or C-6 positions of the GlcNAc unit, have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of human astrocytoma lines U-373 and U-118. The antimitotic activity was dependent on the structure and position of the hydroxylated chain linked to the disaccharide. The compounds with a pentaerythritol or L-glyceryl chain at the C-6 position showed the best inhibitory properties, with an ID50 value of ca. 200 microM. On the contrary, sulfated disaccharide derivatives were inactive. The antimitotic activities of the compounds tested were essentially independent of the mitogen used to stimulate cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aguilera
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Levine MM, Clements ML, Black RE, Hughes TP, Blum D, Andino R, Corrales G. A practical, reliable method for preparing simple sugar/salt oral rehydration solution. J Trop Med Hyg 1981; 84:73-6. [PMID: 7218406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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