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Towards Co-Immobilization: Encapsulation of Chemo- and Biocatalyst in Biopolymer Hydrogels. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Towards Co-Encapsulation of Chemo- and Biocatalysts. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Von Einzelschritt-Reaktionen zu biokatalytischen Kaskaden: Neue Prozessvarianten für die Synthese von Spezial- und Basischemikalien. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Process Development of Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Amines. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Prozessentwicklung zur enzymatischen Synthese eines biologisch abbaubaren Polymers. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Asymmetric organocatalysis on a technical scale: current status and future challenges. ERNST SCHERING FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 2007:141-158. [PMID: 18642524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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7
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From Enzymes to “Designer Bugs” in Reductive Amination: A New Process for the Synthesis of L-tert-Leucine Using a Whole Cell-Catalyst. Eng Life Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200402162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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The development of new monometallic bifunctional catalysts with Lewis acid and Lewis base properties, and their application in asymmetric cyanation reactions. Chemistry 2001; 7:5246-51. [PMID: 11822424 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011217)7:24<5246::aid-chem5246>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional catalysts can drastically improve the efficiency of asymmetric processes with respect to enantioselectivity and/or conversion rate. A new type of chiral bifunctional catalyst has been developed recently in the Shibasaki group that contains both Lewis acid and Lewis base moieties. These monometallic and bifunctional phosphinoyl-containing catalysts are able to coordinate both nucleophilic and electrophilic substrates in the transition state. Several successful applications of this new catalytic concept in the field of asymmetric cyanation reactions have already been reported, for example, the asymmetric hydrocyanation of aldehydes and imines as well as the asymmetric Reissert reaction. The development and principle of this catalytic concept as well as main applications thereof are reviewed in this article.
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[Letters from Sigmund Freud to Max Neuburger]. REVUE INTERNATIONALE D'HISTOIRE DE LA PSYCHANALYSE 2001; 4:629-34. [PMID: 11631256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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[Karl Landsteiner]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001; 113:770-5. [PMID: 11732111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Karl Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1930. He worked in Vienna, The Hague and New York, making fundamental contributions in the field of immune hematology (blood groups and Rhesus factor), syphilis (visualising spirochetes in the dark field) and poliomyelitis (viral genesis). In particular, his findings in the general field of serology and immunology (haptens, specificity of antigens) have not lost any of their significance and are valid to this day.
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[Etiological research in medicine in Vienna circa 1900, at the time of Karl Landsteiner]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001; 113:776-80. [PMID: 11732112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
By the end of the 19th century theoretical etiological research became more and more important in medical science. Anton Weichselbaum focused on bacteriology in the field of pathological anatomy and Rudolf Paltauf founded an Institute of Serotherapy, thus taking account of this new development. Progress made in laboratory medicine due to the work of a number of scientists in Vienna was of both fundamental and practical significance for the advancement of medicine.
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Abstract
[structure: see text] A novel synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins is described which is based on the use of cross-linked and subsequently poly(vinyl alcohol)-entrapped (R)-oxynitrilases. These immobilized lens-shaped biocatalysts have a well-defined macroscopic size in the mm range, show no catalyst leaching, and can be recycled efficiently. Furthermore, this immobilization method is cheap and the entrapped (R)-oxynitrilases gave similar good results compared with those of free enzymes. The (R)-cyanohydrin was obtained in good yields and with high enantioselectivities of up to >99% ee.
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Abstract
Among the basal animal phyla, the Cnidaria display many characteristics similar to the Bilateria (the higher Metazoa). However, the relation of that outgroup phyla to the Bilateria is still equivocal. Additionally to morphological and genetic data, studies on cnidarian embryogenesis are essential to clarify the Cnidaria-Bilateria relationship. We analyzed cellular differentiation during planula larvae development of the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea. Within 24 to 30 h postfertilization, the diploblastic body structure and all cell types found in polyps have already differentiated in the larva. Whereas the differentiating smooth muscles, RFamide-positive nerve cells, or nematocytes (stinging cells) express no axial polarity, a newly discovered tyrosine-tubulin-positive nervous system develops gradually in repetitive patterns from anterior to posterior. These data demonstrate that part of the cnidarian nervous system develops from anterior to posterior in serially repeated patterns. This developmental mechanism seems to follow the bilaterian pattern and would have antedated the Cambrian explosion.
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Karl Landsteiner and medical science in Vienna around 1900. The significance of laboratory medicine for clinical medicine. Vox Sang 2001; 78 Suppl 2:3-6. [PMID: 10938919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Twist is highly conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates and plays a major role in mesoderm specification of triploblasts. The presence of a Twist homologue in diploblasts such as the cnidarian Podocoryne carnea raises questions on the evolution of mesoderm, the third cell layer characteristic for triploblasts. Podocoryne Twist is expressed in the early embryo until the myoepithelial cells of the larva differentiate and then again during medusa development. There, the gene is detected first when the myoepithelial cells of the polyp dedifferentiate to form the medusa bud and later Twist is found transiently in the entocodon, a mesoderm-like cell layer which differentiates into the smooth muscle and striated muscle of the bell. On the other hand, in later bud stages and the medusa, expression is seen where non-muscle tissues differentiate. Experimental analysis of in vitro transdifferentiation and regeneration demonstrates that Twist activity is not needed when isolated striated muscle regenerate medusa organs. Developmental roles of Twist are discussed with respect to early animal evolution from a common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians.
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16
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Constantin von Economo's Theory of Primary Control of Sleep by the Central Nervous System. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2000. [DOI: 10.1177/147827150003000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Characterization and expression analysis of an ancestor-type Pax gene in the hydrozoan jellyfish Podocoryne carnea. Mech Dev 2000; 94:157-69. [PMID: 10842067 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized a Pax gene from the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea. It is most similar to cnidarian Pax-B genes and encodes a paired domain, a homeodomain and an octapeptide. Expression analysis demonstrates the presence of Pax-B transcripts in eggs, the ectoderm of the planula larva and in a few scattered cells in the apical polyp ectoderm. In developing and mature medusae, Pax-B is localized in particular endodermal cells, oriented toward the outside. Pax-B is not expressed in muscle cells. However, if isolated striated muscle tissue is activated for transdifferentiation, the gene is expressed within 1 h, before new cell types, such as smooth muscle and nerve cells, have formed. The expression data indicate that Pax-B is involved in nerve cell differentiation.
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Catalytic concepts for the enantioselective synthesis of alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy phosphonates. Chemistry 2000; 6:943-8. [PMID: 10785814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of alpha-amino- and alpha-hydroxy phosphonates by catalytic processes has attracted considerable interest in the last few years, not least because of the pharmaceutical interest in such compounds. This article contains a compilation of the asymmetric synthesis methods developed to date. The described synthetic routes are based on different catalytic concepts, namely, hydrogenation, reductions, dihydroxylation, aminohydroxylation, and hydrophosphonylation.
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Gene duplication and recruitment of a specific tropomyosin into striated muscle cells in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1999; 285:378-86. [PMID: 10578111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cnidaria are the most basal animal phylum in which smooth and striated muscle cells have evolved. Since the ultrastructure of the mononucleated striated muscle is similar to that of higher animals, it is of interest to compare the striated muscle of Cnidaria at the molecular level to that of triploblastic phyla. We have used tropomyosins, a family of actin binding proteins to address this question. Throughout the animal kingdom, a great diversity of tropomyosin isoforms is found in non-muscle cells but only a few conserved tropomyosins are expressed in muscle cells. Muscle tropomyosins are all similar in length and share conserved termini. Two cnidarian tropomyosins have been described previously but neither of them is expressed in striated muscle cells. Here, we have characterized a new tropomyosin gene Tpm2 from the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea. Expression analysis by RT-PCR and by whole mount in situ hybridization demonstrate that Tpm2 is exclusively expressed in striated muscle cells of the medusa. The Tpm2 protein is shorter in length than its counterparts from higher animals and differs at both amino and carboxy termini from striated muscle isoforms of higher animals. Interestingly, Tpm2 differs considerably from Tpm1 (only 19% identity) which was described previously in Podocoryne carnea. This divergence indicates a functional separation of cytoskeletal and striated muscle tropomyosins in cnidarians. These data contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the tropomyosin gene family and demonstrate the recruitment of tropomyosin into hydrozoan striated muscles during metazoan evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 285:378-386, 1999.
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Abstract
The best ratio is 1:1:3 for the components Yb, K, and binaphthol in the new heterobimetallic complex, which efficiently catalyzes an asymmetric nitro-Mannich-type reaction. The desired nitro-Mannich products 2 are obtained with up to 91 % ee starting from N-phosphinoyl imines 1.
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Reversible inactivation of cell-type-specific regulatory and structural genes in migrating isolated striated muscle cells of jellyfish. Dev Biol 1999; 213:194-201. [PMID: 10452856 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated, by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, expression of genes encoding regulatory and structural proteins in migrating mononucleated striated muscle cells of the medusa Podocoryne carnea. Expression of the three homeobox genes Otx, Cnox1-Pc, and Cnox3-Pc; a specific splice variant of the myosin heavy chain gene (Myo1); and a tropomyosin (Tpm2) is stable in isolated and cultured striated muscle tissue. When grafted onto cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM), muscle cells of the tissue fragments leave their native ECM and migrate as a coherent tissue onto a host ECM until a stretched cell monolayer is formed. Shortly after the first cells of the grafted isolate have made contact with the host ECM, Otx and Cnox1-Pc expression is completely turned off in all cells of the graft, including those still adhering to their native ECM. Myo1 message disappears with a delay while the expression level of Tpm2 is strongly reduced. However, expression of the homeobox gene Cnox3-Pc, a msh-like gene, and of the ubiquitously expressed elongation factor 1 alpha is not affected by the migration process. All genes are reexpressed after 12-24 h, once migration of the cells has ceased. Our results demonstrate that the first few migrating cells induce a change in gene expression which is rapidly communicated throughout the entire tissue. Furthermore, we showed that commitment of striated muscle cells remains stable despite the transient inactivation of cell-type-specific regulatory and structural genes.
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A toxin homology domain in an astacin-like metalloproteinase of the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea with a dual role in digestion and development. Dev Genes Evol 1998; 208:259-66. [PMID: 9683741 DOI: 10.1007/s004270050180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases of the astacin family such as tolloid play major roles in animal morphogenesis. Cnidarians are thought to be evolutionary simple organisms and, therefore, a metalloproteinase from the marine hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea was analysed to evaluate the role of this conserved gene familiy at the base of animal evolution. Surprisingly, the proteinase domain of Podocornyne PMP1 is more similar to human meprin than to HMP1 from another hydrozoan, the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris. However, PMP1 and HMP1 both contain a small C-terminal domain with six cysteines that distinguishes them from other astacin-like molecules. Similar domains have been described only recently from sea anemone toxins specific for potassium channels. This toxin homology (Tox1) domain is clearly distinct from epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains or other cysteine-rich modules and terminates with the characteristic pattern CXXXCXXC with three out of six cysteines in the last eight residues of the protein. PMP1 is transiently expressed at various sites of morphogenetic activity during medusa bud development. In the adult medusa, however, expression is concentrated to the manubrium, the feeding organ, where the PMP1 gene is highly induced upon feeding. These disparate expression patterns suggest a dual role of PMP1 comparable to tolloid in development and, like astacin in the crayfish, also for food digestion. The Tox1 domain of PMP1 could serve as a toxin to keep the pray paralysed after ingestion, but as a sequence module such Tox1 domains with six cysteines are neither restricted to cnidarians nor to toxins.
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[Previously unrecognized significance of national socialism for Vienna medicine]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1998; 110:140-4. [PMID: 9544473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Increasing melanoma incidence: putatively explainable by retrotransposons. Experimental contributions of the xiphophorine Gordon-Kosswig melanoma system. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 1994; 7:433-50. [PMID: 7761352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide accelerating increase of neoplasia in humans is difficult to explain. We use the Xiphophorus tumor model to approach this problem by melanoma provocation with X-rays. Melanoma develops following inappropriate expression of x-erb B-conducted developmental genes and their controllers. These oncodeterminants are inherited according to Mendelian rules. We detected a new type of oncodeterminants that, following a single treatment of embryos with X-rays, generates a self-generating non-Mendelian melanoma transmission and accelerating increase of its incidence in succeeding generations (e.g., 0-->18-->33-->52%). To localize these oncodeterminants, we crossed nonirradiated fish having half of their chromosomes irradiated with nonirradiated fish having none of, half of, or all of their chromosomes irradiated. Because tumor rate and expression in the following generations correspond to the rates of treated chromosomes, we conclude that the new oncodeterminants are distributed over the chromosomes of the fish, where they may increase in the changing generations. By means of xiphophorine-specific retroviral DNA, we isolated two retrotransposons that behave hereditarily like the new transgenerational oncodeterminants. Sequence analysis revealed three ORFs flanked by LTRs containing motives of regulatory sequences typical for known retroviral and retrotransposal LTRs. Pol- and env-resembling sequences are lacking. Southern and in situ hybridization showed their multiple and repetitive nature distributed throughout the chromosomes and indications for their capability to increase in number without further treatment. Their transcripts are expressed in concert with those of most of the other known xiphophorine tumor determinants. Their expression is extremely high in cell cultures from tumorous embryos derived from ancestors treated as embryos with X-rays.
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Supplement II: Abstracts of the international symposium on Skin Carcinogenesis in man and in experimental models. Heidelberg, 29–31 October 1991 (pp S61–S88). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01613300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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[Not Available]. LUZIFER-AMOR : ZEITSCHRIFT ZUR GESCHICHTE DER PSYCHOANALYSE 1990; 3:144-62. [PMID: 11634440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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Unexpected entrance channel effects in the decay of the compound nucleus 156Er. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1986; 56:2356-2359. [PMID: 10032965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Laurie, D. P. (ed.): Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Theory, Tools and Case Studies. Proceedings. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel — Boston — Stuttgart 1983. 341 S., sFr. 56.-3-7643-1561-X (International Series of Numerical Mathematics 66). Biom J 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/bimj.4710270113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Comparative serum and tonsillar tissue concentration of two macrolides. J Antimicrob Chemother 1978; 4:472-3. [PMID: 308507 DOI: 10.1093/jac/4.5.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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[On problem of the modification of isoniazid poisoning by various barbiturates, chloral hydrate and methyl pentynol in animal experiments]. ACTA BIOLOGICA ET MEDICA GERMANICA 1965; 15:184-186. [PMID: 5868812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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