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Lai A, Leong N, Zheng D, Ford L, Nguyen TH, Williams HD, Benameur H, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH. Biocompatible Cationic Lipoamino Acids as Counterions for Oral Administration of API-Ionic Liquids. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2405-2419. [PMID: 35661084 PMCID: PMC9556374 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The use of ionic liquids (ILs) in drug delivery has focused attention on non-toxic IL counterions. Cationic lipids can be used to form ILs with weakly acidic drugs to enhance drug loading in lipid-based formulations (LBFs). However, cationic lipids are typically toxic. Here we explore the use of lipoaminoacids (LAAs) as cationic IL counterions that degrade or digest in vivo to non-toxic components. Methods LAAs were synthesised via esterification of amino acids with fatty alcohols to produce potentially digestible cationic LAAs. The LAAs were employed to form ILs with tolfenamic acid (Tol) and the Tol ILs loaded into LBF and examined in vitro and in vivo. Results Cationic LAAs complexed with Tol to generate lipophilic Tol ILs with high drug loading in LBFs. Assessment of the LAA under simulated digestion conditions revealed that they were susceptible to enzymatic degradation under intestinal conditions, forming biocompatible FAs and amino acids. In vitro dispersion and digestion studies of Tol ILs revealed that formulations containing digestible Tol ILs were able to maintain drug dispersion and solubilisation whilst the LAA were breaking down under digesting conditions. Finally, in vivo oral bioavailability studies demonstrated that oral delivery of a LBF containing a Tol IL comprising a digestible cationic lipid counterion was able to successfully support effective oral delivery of Tol. Conclusions Digestible LAA cationic lipids are potential IL counterions for weakly acidic drug molecules and digest in situ to form non-toxic breakdown products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-022-03305-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nathania Leong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dan Zheng
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Uniquest, General Purpose South Building, Staff House Rd, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- CSL Limited, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Guruge AG, Warren DB, Benameur H, Ford L, Williams HD, Jannin V, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational and Experimental Models of Type III Lipid-Based Formulations of Loratadine Containing Complex Nonionic Surfactants. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4354-4370. [PMID: 34807627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type III lipid-based formulations (LBFs) combine poorly water-soluble drugs with oils, surfactants, and cosolvents to deliver the drugs into the systemic circulation. However, the solubility of the drug can be influenced by the colloidal phases formed in the gastrointestinal tract as the formulation is dispersed and makes contact with bile and other materials present within the GI tract. Thus, an understanding of the phase behavior of LBFs in the gut is critical for designing efficient LBFs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool for the study of colloidal systems. In this study, we modeled the internal structures of five type III LBFs of loratadine containing poly(ethylene oxide) nonionic surfactants polysorbate 80 and polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oil (Kolliphor RH40) using long-timescale MD simulations (0.4-1.7 μs). We also conducted experimental investigations (dilution of formulations with water) including commercial Claritin liquid softgel capsules. The simulations show that LBFs form continuous phase, water-swollen reverse micelles, and bicontinuous and phase-separated systems at different dilutions, which correlate with the experimental observations. This study supports the use of MD simulation as a predictive tool to determine the fate of LBFs composed of medium-chain lipids, polyethylene oxide surfactants, and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali G Guruge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dallas B Warren
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Leigh Ford
- Lonza Pharma Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hywel D Williams
- Lonza Pharma Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Lonza Pharma Sciences, 10 Rue Timken, Colmar 68027, France
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Warren DB, Haque S, McInerney MP, Corbett KM, Kastrati E, Ford L, Williams HD, Jannin V, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW. Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Results Provide Insight into Clinical Performance Differences between Sandimmune® and Neoral® Lipid-Based Formulations. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1531-1547. [PMID: 34561814 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide an in silico method to study the structure of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) and the incorporation of poorly water-soluble drugs within such formulations. In order to validate the ability of MD to effectively model the properties of LBFs, this work investigates the well-known cyclosporine A formulations, Sandimmune® and Neoral®. Sandimmune® exhibits poor dispersibility and its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is enhanced when administered after food, whereas Neoral® disperses comparatively well and shows no food effect. METHODS MD simulations were performed of both LBFs to investigate the differences observed in fasted and fed conditions. These conditions were also tested using an in vitro experimental model of dispersion and digestion. RESULTS These MD simulations were able to show that the food effect observed for Sandimmune® can be explained by large changes in drug solubilization on addition of bile. In contrast, Neoral® is well dispersed in water or in simulated fasted conditions, and this dispersion is relatively unchanged on moving to fed conditions. These differences were confirmed using dispersion and digestion in vitro experimental model. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggests that MD simulations are a potential method to model the fate of LBFs in the gastrointestinal tract, predict their dispersion and digestion, investigate behaviour of APIs within the formulations, and provide insights into the clinical performance of LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Warren
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shadabul Haque
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Karen M Corbett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Endri Kastrati
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Lonza Pharma, Biotech & Nutrition, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - David K Chalmers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
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Guruge AG, Warren DB, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Aqueous phase behavior of the PEO-containing non-ionic surfactant C 12E 6: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:257-268. [PMID: 33388586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Non-ionic surfactants containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains are widely used in drug formulations, cosmetics, paints, textiles and detergents. High quality molecular dynamics models for PEO surfactants can give us detailed, atomic-scale information about the behavior of surfactant/water mixtures. SIMULATIONS We used two molecular dynamics force fields (FFs), 2016H66 and 53A6DBW, to model the simple non-ionic PEO surfactant, hexaoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12E6). We investigated surfactant/water mixtures that span the phase diagram of starting from randomly distributed arrangements. In some cases, we also started with prebuilt, approximate models. The simulations results were compared with the experimentally observed phase behavior. FINDINGS Overall, this study shows that the spontaneous self-assembly of PEO non-ionic surfactants into different colloidal structures can be accurately modeled with MD simulations using the 2016H66 FF although transitions to well-formed hexagonal phase are slow. Of the two FFs investigated, the 2016H66 FF better reproduces the experimental phase behavior across all regions of the C12E6/water phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali G Guruge
- Medicinal Chemistry Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dallas B Warren
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Chemical Division, Lonza, Strasbourg, France
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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5
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Lai A, Sahbaz Y, Ford L, Nguyen TH, Haque S, Williams HD, Benameur H, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH. Stabilising disproportionation of lipophilic ionic liquid salts in lipid-based formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120292. [PMID: 33581479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid based formulations (LBFs) can enhance oral bioavailability, however, their utility may be restricted by low drug loading in the formulation. Converting drugs to drug-ionic liquids (drug-ILs) or lipophilic salts can significantly increase lipid solubility but this approach is complicated in some cases by salt disproportionation, leading to a reduction in solubility and physical instability. Here we explore the physical stability of the weakly basic model drug, cinnarizine (CIN), when paired with a decanoate counterion (Dec) to form the drug-IL, cinnarizine decanoate (CIN.Dec). Consistent with published studies of salt disproportionation in aqueous solution, weakly acidic counterions such as Dec lead to the generation of drug-IL lipid solutions with pHs below pHmax. This leads to CIN deprotonation to the less soluble free base and precipitation. Subsequent studies however, show that these effects can be reversed by acidification of the formulation (either with excess decanoic acid or other lipid soluble acids), stimulating a pH shift to the salt plateau of CIN.Dec and the formation of stable lipid solutions of CIN.Dec. Altering formulation pH to more acidic conditions, therefore stabilises drug-ILs formed using weakly acidic lipophilic counterions, and is a viable method to promote formulation stability via inhibition of disproportionation of some drug-ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Yasemin Sahbaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Chemical Division, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, Melbourne Australia
| | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Shadabul Haque
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Hywel D Williams
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Chemical Division, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, Melbourne Australia
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Chemical Division, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.
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Ford L, Tay E, Nguyen TH, Williams HD, Benameur H, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH. API ionic liquids: probing the effect of counterion structure on physical form and lipid solubility. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12788-12799. [PMID: 35492138 PMCID: PMC9051119 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure/property relationship of API IL counterions and salt physicochemical properties are investigated, the results highlight the complex interplay involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ford
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation
- Chemical Division
- Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Erin Tay
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation
- Chemical Division
- Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition
- Strasbourg
- France
| | - Hywel D. Williams
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation
- Chemical Division
- Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation
- Chemical Division
- Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition
- Strasbourg
- France
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
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7
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Tay E, Nguyen TH, Ford L, Williams HD, Benameur H, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH. Ionic Liquid Forms of the Antimalarial Lumefantrine in Combination with LFCS Type IIIB Lipid-Based Formulations Preferentially Increase Lipid Solubility, In Vitro Solubilization Behavior and In Vivo Exposure. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010017. [PMID: 31877828 PMCID: PMC7023222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid based formulations (LBFs) are commonly employed to enhance the absorption of highly lipophilic, poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the utility of LBFs can be limited by low drug solubility in the formulation. Isolation of ionizable drugs as low melting, lipophilic salts or ionic liquids (ILs) provides one means to enhance drug solubility in LBFs. However, whether different ILs benefit from formulation in different LBFs is largely unknown. In the current studies, lumefantrine was isolated as a number of different lipophilic salt/ionic liquid forms and performance was assessed after formulation in a range of LBFs. The solubility of lumefantrine in LBF was enhanced 2- to 80-fold by isolation as the lumefantrine docusate IL when compared to lumefantrine free base. The increase in drug loading subsequently enhanced concentrations in the aqueous phase of model intestinal fluids during in vitro dispersion and digestion testing of the LBF. To assess in vivo performance, the systemic exposure of lumefantrine docusate after administration in Type II-MCF, IIIB-MCF, IIIB-LCF, and IV formulations was evaluated after oral administration to rats. In vivo exposure was compared to control lipid and aqueous suspension formulations of lumefantrine free base. Lumefantrine docusate in the Type IIIB-LCF showed significantly higher plasma exposure compared to all other formulations (up to 35-fold higher). The data suggest that isolation of a lipid-soluble IL, coupled with an appropriate formulation, is a viable means to increase drug dose in an oral formulation and to enhance exposure of lumefantrine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tay
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (E.T.); (L.F.)
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Leigh Ford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (E.T.); (L.F.)
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Hywel D. Williams
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Pharma Biotech & Nutrition, 67412 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (E.T.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.J.S.); (C.J.H.P.); Tel.: +61-(0)-3-9903-9542 (P.J.S.); +61-(0)-3-9903-9549 (C.J.H.P.)
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.J.S.); (C.J.H.P.); Tel.: +61-(0)-3-9903-9542 (P.J.S.); +61-(0)-3-9903-9549 (C.J.H.P.)
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8
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Sager M, Grimm M, Aude P, Schick P, Merdivan S, Hasan M, Kromrey ML, Sivert A, Benameur H, Koziolek M, Tzvetkov MV, Weitschies W. In vivo characterization of enTRinsic™ drug delivery technology capsule after intake in fed state: A cross-validation approach using salivary tracer technique in comparison to MRI. J Control Release 2019; 313:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Grimm M, Ball K, Scholz E, Schneider F, Sivert A, Benameur H, Kromrey ML, Kühn JP, Weitschies W. Characterization of the gastrointestinal transit and disintegration behavior of floating and sinking acid-resistant capsules using a novel MRI labeling technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Williams HD, Ford L, Igonin A, Shan Z, Botti P, Morgen MM, Hu G, Pouton CW, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH, Benameur H. Unlocking the full potential of lipid-based formulations using lipophilic salt/ionic liquid forms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 142:75-90. [PMID: 31150666 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBF) are widely used by industry and accepted by the regulatory authorities for oral drug delivery in the pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare market. Innovation in the LBF field is however needed in order to meet the demands of modern drugs, their more challenging problem statements and growing needs for achieving optimal pharmacokinetics (i.e., no food-effects, low variability) on approval. This review describes a new lipophilic salt / ionic liquid approach in combination with LBF, and how this salt strategy can be used to better tailor the properties of a drug to LBFs. The potential advantages of lipophilic salts are discussed in the context of dose escalation studies during toxicological evaluation, reducing the pill burden, increasing drug absorption of new drugs and in life-cycle management. Commentary on lipophilic salt synthesis, scale-up, LBF design and the regulatory aspects are also provided. These topics are discussed in the broad context of bringing the widely recognized advantages of LBFs to a broader spectrum of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Global Research & Development, Lonza, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Global Research & Development, Lonza, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Igonin
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, Lonza, Ploërmel, France
| | - Zhenhua Shan
- Chemistry, Research & Development, Lonza, Nansha, China
| | - Paolo Botti
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Global Research & Development, Lonza, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Guixian Hu
- Research & Technology, Lonza, Visp, Switzerland
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Global Research & Development, Lonza, Strasbourg, France.
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Warren DB, McPhee E, Birru WA, Benameur H, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW. Improvement in the Predicted Partitioning of Alcohol and Polyethylene Oxide Groups Between Water and Octanol (logP) in Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Suys EJA, Warren DB, Pham AC, Nowell CJ, Clulow AJ, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. A Nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Surfactant Model: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Kolliphor EL. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:193-204. [PMID: 30502483 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethoxylated, nonionic surfactants are important constituents of many drug formulations, including lipid-based formulations. In an effort to better understand the behavior of formulation excipients at the molecular level, we have developed molecular dynamics (MD) models for the widely used surfactant Kolliphor EL (KOL), a triricinoleate ester of ethoxylated glycerol. In this work, we have developed models based on a single, representative molecular component modeled with 2 force field variations based on the GROMOS 53A6DBW and 2016H66 force field parameters for polyethoxylate chains. To compare the computational models to experimental measurements, we investigated the phase behavior of KOL using nephelometry, dynamic light scattering, cross-polarized microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The potential for digestion of KOL was also evaluated using an in vitro digestion experiment. We found that the size and spherical morphology of the KOL colloids at low concentrations was reproduced by the MD models as well as the growing interactions between the aggregates to from rod-like structures at high concentrations. We believe that this model reproduces the phase behavior of KOL relevant to drug absorption and that it can be used in whole formulation simulations to accelerate the formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J A Suys
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dallas B Warren
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anna C Pham
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Williams HD, Ford L, Han S, Tangso KJ, Lim S, Shackleford DM, Vodak DT, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Scammells PJ, Porter CJH. Enhancing the Oral Absorption of Kinase Inhibitors Using Lipophilic Salts and Lipid-Based Formulations. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5678-5696. [PMID: 30376336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The absolute bioavailability of many small molecule kinase inhibitors (smKIs) is low. The reasons for low bioavailability are multifaceted and include constraints due to first pass metabolism and poor absorption. For smKIs where absorption limits oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity, often in combination with high-dose requirements have been implicated in low and variable absorption, food-effects, and absorption-related drug-drug interactions. The current study has evaluated whether preparation of smKIs as lipophilic salts/ionic liquids in combination with coadministration with lipid-based formulations is able to enhance absorption for examples of this compound class. Lipophilic (docusate) salt forms of erlotinib, gefitinib, ceritinib, and cabozantinib (as example smKIs demonstrating low aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity) were prepared and isolated as workable powder solids. In each case, the lipophilic salt exhibited high and significantly enhanced solubility in lipidic excipients (>100 mg/g) when compared to the free base or commercial salt form. Isolation as the lipophilic salt facilitated smKI loading in model lipid-based formulations at high concentration, increased in vitro solubilization at gastric and intestinal pH and in some cases increased oral absorption (∼2-fold for cabozantinib formulations in rats). Application of a lipophilic salt approach can therefore facilitate the use of lipid-based formulations for examples of the smKI compound class where low solubility limits absorption and is a risk factor for increased variability due to food-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David T Vodak
- Lonza Drug Product Development and Innovation, Bend , Oregon 97701 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J H Porter
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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14
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Benameur H, Chaves C, Masquelet AC, Sautet A, Cambon-Binder A. Trans-tendinous flexor digitorum profundus ruptures: Diagnostic and surgical challenges. Hand Surg Rehabil 2018; 37:126-127. [PMID: 29449160 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Benameur
- Orthopedic department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, BP 75012, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France.
| | - C Chaves
- Orthopedic department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, BP 75012, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France; Paris Sud XI Medical University, 63, rue Gabriel-Péri, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - A-C Masquelet
- Orthopedic department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, BP 75012, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - A Sautet
- Orthopedic department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, BP 75012, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - A Cambon-Binder
- Orthopedic department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, BP 75012, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
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15
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Williams HD, Ford L, Lim S, Han S, Baumann J, Sullivan H, Vodak D, Igonin A, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Scammells PJ, Porter CJ. Transformation of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class I and III Drugs Into Ionic Liquids and Lipophilic Salts for Enhanced Developability Using Lipid Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:203-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Suys EJA, Warren DB, Porter CJH, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Intestinal Environment. 3. The Impact of Cholesterol Content and pH on Mixed Micelle Colloids. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3684-3697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hassan Benameur
- Capsugel Research & Development, Parc d’Innovation, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Birru WA, Warren DB, Han S, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Gastrointestinal Environment. 2. Phase Behavior and Drug Solubilization Capacity of a Type I Lipid-Based Drug Formulation after Digestion. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:580-592. [PMID: 27936778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based drug formulations can greatly enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Following the oral administration of formulations containing tri- or diglycerides, the digestive processes occurring within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hydrolyze the glycerides to mixtures of free fatty acids and monoglycerides that are, in turn, solubilized by bile. The behavior of drugs within the resulting colloidal mixtures is currently not well characterized. This work presents matched in vitro experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) theoretical models of the GI microenvironment containing a digested triglyceride-based (Type I) drug formulation. Both the experimental and theoretical models consist of molecular species representing bile (glycodeoxycholic acid), digested triglyceride (1:2 glyceryl-1-monooleate and oleic acid), and water. We have characterized the phase behavior of the physical system using nephelometry, dynamic light scattering, and polarizing light microscopy and compared these measurements to phase behavior observed in multiple MD simulations. Using this model microenvironment, we have investigated the dissolution of the poorly water-soluble drug danazol experimentally using LC-MS and theoretically by MD simulation. The results show how the formulation lipids alter the environment of the GI tract and improve the solubility of danazol. The MD simulations successfully reproduce the experimental results showing the utility of MD in modeling the fate of drugs after digestion of lipid-based formulations within the intestinal lumen.
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Birru WA, Warren DB, Headey SJ, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. Computational Models of the Gastrointestinal Environment. 1. The Effect of Digestion on the Phase Behavior of Intestinal Fluids. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:566-579. [PMID: 28099023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved models of the gastrointestinal environment have great potential to assist the complex process of drug formulation. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful method for investigating phase behavior at a molecular level. In this study we use multiple MD simulations to calculate phase diagrams for bile before and after digestion. In these computational models, undigested bile is represented by mixtures of palmitoyl-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDX), and water. Digested bile is modeled using a 1:1 mixture of oleic acid and palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC), GDX, and water. The computational phase diagrams of undigested and digested bile are compared, and we describe the typical intermolecular interactions that occur between phospholipids and bile salts. The diffusion coefficients measured from MD simulation are compared to experimental diffusion data measured by DOSY-NMR, where we observe good qualitative agreement. In an additional set of simulations, the effect of different ionization states of oleic acid on micelle formation is investigated.
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19
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Bakala-N'Goma JC, Williams HD, Sassene PJ, Kleberg K, Calderone M, Jannin V, Igonin A, Partheil A, Marchaud D, Jule E, Vertommen J, Maio M, Blundell R, Benameur H, Müllertz A, Pouton CW, Porter CJH, Carrière F. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations. 5. Lipolysis of representative formulations by gastric lipase. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1279-87. [PMID: 25288015 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid-based formulations (LBF) are substrates for digestive lipases and digestion can significantly alter their properties and potential to support drug absorption. LBFs have been widely examined for their behaviour in the presence of pancreatic enzymes. Here, the impact of gastric lipase on the digestion of representative formulations from the Lipid Formulation Classification System has been investigated. METHODS The pHstat technique was used to measure the lipolysis by recombinant dog gastric lipase (rDGL) of eight LBFs containing either medium (MC) or long (LC) chain triglycerides and a range of surfactants, at various pH values [1.5 to 7] representative of gastric and small intestine contents under both fasting and fed conditions. RESULTS All LBFs were hydrolyzed by rDGL. The highest specific activities were measured at pH 4 with the type II and IIIA MC formulations that contained Tween®85 or Cremophor EL respectively. The maximum activity on LC formulations was recorded at pH 5 for the type IIIA-LC formulation. Direct measurement of LBF lipolysis using the pHstat, however, was limited by poor LC fatty acid ionization at low pH. CONCLUSIONS Since gastric lipase initiates lipid digestion in the stomach, remains active in the intestine and acts on all representative LBFs, its implementation in future standardized in vitro assays may be beneficial. At this stage, however, routine use remains technically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Bakala-N'Goma
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402, Marseille cedex 20, France
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20
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Sassene P, Kleberg K, Williams HD, Bakala-N'Goma JC, Carrière F, Calderone M, Jannin V, Igonin A, Partheil A, Marchaud D, Jule E, Vertommen J, Maio M, Blundell R, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Müllertz A. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 6: effects of varying pancreatin and calcium levels. AAPS J 2014; 16:1344-57. [PMID: 25274609 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impact of pancreatin and calcium addition on a wide array of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) during in vitro lipolysis, with regard to digestion rates and distribution of the model drug danazol, was investigated. Pancreatin primarily affected the extent of digestion, leaving drug distribution somewhat unaffected. Calcium only affected the extent of digestion slightly but had a major influence on drug distribution, with more drug precipitating at higher calcium levels. This is likely to be caused by a combination of removal of lipolysis products from solution by the formation of calcium soaps and calcium precipitating with bile acids, events known to reduce the solubilizing capacity of LBFs dispersed in biorelevant media. Further, during the digestion of hydrophilic LBFs, like IIIA-LC, the un-ionized-ionized ratio of free fatty acids (FFA) remained unchanged at physiological calcium levels. This makes the titration curves at pH 6.5 representable for digestion. However, caution should be taken when interpreting lipolysis curves of lipophilic LBFs, like I-LC, at pH 6.5, at physiological levels of calcium (1.4 mM); un-ionized-ionized ratio of FFA might change during digestion, rendering the lipolysis curve at pH 6.5 non-representable for the total digestion. The ratio of un-ionized-ionized FFAs can be maintained during digestion by applying non-physiological levels of calcium, resulting in a modified drug distribution with increased drug precipitation. However, as the main objective of the in vitro digestion model is to evaluate drug distribution, which is believed to have an impact on bioavailability in vivo, a physiological level (1.4 mM) of calcium is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sassene
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anby MU, Nguyen TH, Yeap YY, Feeney OM, Williams HD, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. An in vitro digestion test that reflects rat intestinal conditions to probe the importance of formulation digestion vs first pass metabolism in Danazol bioavailability from lipid based formulations. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4069-83. [PMID: 25265395 DOI: 10.1021/mp500197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of gastrointestinal (GI) processing and first pass metabolism on danazol oral bioavailability (BA) was evaluated after administration of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) in the rat. Danazol absolute BA was determined following oral and intraduodenal (ID) administration of LFCS class IIIA medium chain (MC) formulations at high (SEDDSH-III) and low (SEDDSL-III) drug loading and a lipid free LFCS class IV formulation (SEDDS-IV). Experiments were conducted in the presence and absence of ABT (1-aminobenzotriazole) to evaluate the effect of first pass metabolism. A series of modified in vitro lipolysis tests were developed to better understand the in vivo processing of SEDDS in the rat. Danazol BA was low (<13%) following oral and ID administration of either SEDDS. Increasing drug loading, ID rather than oral administration, and administration of SEDDS-IV rather than SEDDS-III led to higher oral BA. After pretreatment with ABT, however, danazol oral BA significantly increased (e.g., 60% compared to 2% after administration of SEDDSL-III), no effect was observed on increasing drug loading, and differences between SEDDS-III and -IV were minimal. In vitro digestion models based on the lower enzyme activity and lower dilution conditions expected in the rat resulted in significantly reduced danazol precipitation from SEDDS-III or SEDDS-IV on initiation of digestion. At the doses administered here (4-8 mg/kg), the primary limitation to danazol oral BA in the rat was first pass metabolism, and the fraction absorbed was >45% after oral administration of SEDDS-III or SEDDS-IV. In contrast, previous studies in dogs suggest that danazol BA is less dependent on first pass metabolism and more sensitive to changes in formulation processing. In vitro digestion models based on likely rat GI conditions suggest less drug precipitation on formulation digestion when compared to equivalent dog models, consistent with the increases in in vivo exposure (fraction absorbed) seen here in ABT-pretreated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette U Anby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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22
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Birru WA, Warren DB, Ibrahim A, Williams HD, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW. Digestion of Phospholipids after Secretion of Bile into the Duodenum Changes the Phase Behavior of Bile Components. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2825-34. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hywel D. Williams
- Capsugel Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hassan Benameur
- Capsugel Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Garbacz G, Cadé D, Benameur H, Weitschies W. Bio-relevant dissolution testing of hard capsules prepared from different shell materials using the dynamic open flow through test apparatus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Anby MU, Williams HD, Feeney O, Edwards GA, Benameur H, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Non-linear Increases in Danazol Exposure with Dose in Older vs. Younger Beagle Dogs: The Potential Role of Differences in Bile Salt Concentration, Thermodynamic Activity, and Formulation Digestion. Pharm Res 2014; 31:1536-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Warren DB, Bergström CAS, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Evaluation of the Structural Determinants of Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitors Using Solvent Shift Methods and Principle Component Analysis. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2823-48. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300576u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B. Warren
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christel A. S. Bergström
- Uppsala University Drug Optimization
and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and
Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and
Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Williams HD, Sassene P, Kleberg K, Calderone M, Igonin A, Jule E, Vertommen J, Blundell R, Benameur H, Müllertz A, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 3: understanding supersaturation versus precipitation potential during the in vitro digestion of type I, II, IIIA, IIIB and IV lipid-based formulations. Pharm Res 2013; 30:3059-76. [PMID: 23661145 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that digestion of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) can stimulate both supersaturation and precipitation. The current study has evaluated the drug, formulation and dose-dependence of the supersaturation - precipitation balance for a range of LBFs. METHODS Type I, II, IIIA/B LBFs containing medium-chain (MC) or long-chain (LC) lipids, and lipid-free Type IV LBF incorporating different doses of fenofibrate or tolfenamic acid were digested in vitro in a simulated intestinal medium. The degree of supersaturation was assessed through comparison of drug concentrations in aqueous digestion phases (APDIGEST) during LBF digestion and the equilibrium drug solubility in the same phases. RESULTS Increasing fenofibrate or tolfenamic acid drug loads (i.e., dose) had negligible effects on LC LBF performance during digestion, but promoted drug crystallization (confirmed by XRPD) from MC and Type IV LBF. Drug crystallization was only evident in instances when the calculated maximum supersaturation ratio (SR(M)) was >3. This threshold SR(M) value was remarkably consistent across all LBF and was also consistent with previous studies with danazol. CONCLUSIONS The maximum supersaturation ratio (SR(M)) provides an indication of the supersaturation 'pressure' exerted by formulation digestion and is strongly predictive of the likelihood of drug precipitation in vitro. This may also prove effective in discriminating the in vivo performance of LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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27
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Williams HD, Anby MU, Sassene P, Kleberg K, Bakala-N’Goma JC, Calderone M, Jannin V, Igonin A, Partheil A, Marchaud D, Jule E, Vertommen J, Maio M, Blundell R, Benameur H, Carrière F, Müllertz A, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Toward the Establishment of Standardized in Vitro Tests for Lipid-Based Formulations. 2. The Effect of Bile Salt Concentration and Drug Loading on the Performance of Type I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV Formulations during in Vitro Digestion. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3286-300. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300331z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D. Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Mette U. Anby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Philip Sassene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Kleberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Claude Bakala-N’Goma
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d’Enzymologie
Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, UMR 7282, Marseille,
France
| | | | - Vincent Jannin
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, 69804 Saint-Priest, France
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Jule
- Capsugel Product Development
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Ross Blundell
- Sanofi Research
and Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d’Enzymologie
Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, UMR 7282, Marseille,
France
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
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Anby MU, Williams HD, McIntosh M, Benameur H, Edwards GA, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Lipid digestion as a trigger for supersaturation: evaluation of the impact of supersaturation stabilization on the in vitro and in vivo performance of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2063-79. [PMID: 22656917 DOI: 10.1021/mp300164u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation of supersaturation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an increasingly popular means of promoting oral absorption for poorly water-soluble drugs. The current study examined the impact of changes to the quantities of medium-chain (MC) lipid (Captex 300:Capmul MCM), surfactant (Cremophor EL) and cosolvent (EtOH), and the addition of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPI), on supersaturation during the dispersion and digestion of MC self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing danazol. The data suggest that digestion acts as a "trigger" for enhanced supersaturation and that solubilization/precipitation behavior is correlated with the degree of supersaturation on dispersion (S(M)DISP) or digestion (S(M)DIGEST). The ability of the formulation to maintain solubilization in vitro decreased as the S(M) of the formulation increased. PPI significantly increased supersaturation stabilization and precipitation was inhibited where S(M)DISP < 3.5 and S(M)DIGEST < 4. In the presence of polymer, some degree of supersaturation was maintained up to S(M)DIGEST ∼ 8. Differentiation in the ability of SEDDS to maintain drug solubilization stems from the ability to stabilize supersaturation and for MC SEDDS, utilization of lower drug loads, higher surfactant levels (balanced against increases in S(M)DISP), lower cosolvent and the addition of PPI enhanced formulation performance. In vivo studies confirmed the ability of PPI to promote drug exposure at moderate drug loads (40% of saturated solubility in the formulation). At higher drug loads (80% saturation) and in lipid-free SEDDS, this effect was lost, suggesting that the ability of PPIs to stabilize supersaturation in vitro may, under some circumstances, overestimate utility in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette U Anby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Williams HD, Sassene P, Kleberg K, Bakala-N'Goma JC, Calderone M, Jannin V, Igonin A, Partheil A, Marchaud D, Jule E, Vertommen J, Maio M, Blundell R, Benameur H, Carrière F, Müllertz A, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 1: method parameterization and comparison of in vitro digestion profiles across a range of representative formulations. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3360-80. [PMID: 22644939 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Lipid Formulation Classification System Consortium is an industry-academia collaboration, established to develop standardized in vitro methods for the assessment of lipid-based formulations (LBFs). In this first publication, baseline conditions for the conduct of digestion tests are suggested and a series of eight model LBFs are described to probe test performance across different formulation types. Digestion experiments were performed in vitro using a pH-stat apparatus and danazol employed as a model poorly water-soluble drug. LBF digestion (rate and extent) and drug solubilization patterns on digestion were examined. To evaluate cross-site reproducibility, experiments were conducted at two sites and highly consistent results were obtained. In a further refinement, bench-top centrifugation was explored as a higher throughput approach to separation of the products of digestion (and compared with ultracentrifugation), and conditions under which this method was acceptable were defined. Drug solubilization was highly dependent on LBF composition, but poorly correlated with simple performance indicators such as dispersion efficiency, confirming the utility of the digestion model as a means of formulation differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Warren DB, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Using polymeric precipitation inhibitors to improve the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: A mechanistic basis for utility. J Drug Target 2010. [PMID: 20973755 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.525652.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of certain polymers within solid dispersion or lipid-based formulations can maintain drug supersaturation after dispersion and/or digestion of the vehicle, leading to improvements in bioavailability and variability in exposure. This review presents an overview of the fundamental principles that underpin drug precipitation mechanisms, describes the mechanisms by which precipitation may be inhibited, discusses the methods that can be used to identify polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPIs), and summarizes current literature evidence of the most effective PPIs. Preliminary data from our laboratory is also presented, which describes the precipitation inhibition behavior of 53 polymeric materials using supersaturated solutions of danazol as a model, poorly water-soluble drug. These studies identify a group of PPIs with superior precipitation inhibition qualities, the majority of which are cellulose-based. These new results in combination with previous published data indicate that PPIs represent an appealing new technology with the potential to improve drug absorption for poorly water-soluble drugs. The molecular determinants of polymer utility, however, remain relatively poorly understood, although the cellulose derivates appear, in general, to provide the most benefit. More detailed studies are therefore required to define the parameters that most effectively predict and quantify the drug-polymer relationships that control precipitation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Warren
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Warren DB, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW. Using polymeric precipitation inhibitors to improve the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: A mechanistic basis for utility. J Drug Target 2010; 18:704-31. [PMID: 20973755 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.525652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Warren
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sherry Ku M, Li W, Dulin W, Donahue F, Cade D, Benameur H, Hutchison K. Performance qualification of a new hypromellose capsule: Part I. Comparative evaluation of physical, mechanical and processability quality attributes of Vcaps Plus®, Quali-V® and gelatin capsules. Int J Pharm 2010; 386:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yamagata T, Morishita M, Kusuhara H, Takayama K, Benameur H, Sugiyama Y. Characterization of the inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein-mediated efflux of mitoxantrone by pharmaceutical excipients. Int J Pharm 2009; 370:216-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cuiné JF, McEvoy CL, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Edwards GA, Benameur H, Porter CJ. Evaluation of the Impact of Surfactant Digestion on the Bioavailability of Danazol after Oral Administration of Lipidic Self-Emulsifying Formulations to Dogs. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:995-1012. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yamagata T, Kusuhara H, Morishita M, Takayama K, Benameur H, Sugiyama Y. Effect of excipients on breast cancer resistance protein substrate uptake activity. J Control Release 2007; 124:1-5. [PMID: 17900739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) plays an important role in drug disposition. To examine whether some currently used excipients could inhibit its function, we measured the uptake of [(3)H]mitoxantrone in BCRP-, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)- or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells, in the presence or absence of 15 kinds of currently used excipients. Of 15 excipients, five (Cremophor EL, Tween 20, Span 20, Pluronic P85 and Brij 30) increased the uptake of [(3)H]mitoxantrone in BCRP-expressing cells. On the other hand, ten (Cremophor EL, Cremophor RH40, Tween 20, Tween 80, Span 20, Pluronic P85, vitamin E TPGS, Brij 30, Myrj 52 and Gelucire 44/14) significantly increased uptake in P-gp-expressing cells. No significant effects on intracellular ATP levels were observed following treatments with the excipients that inhibited BCRP function. Taken together, this study demonstrated that some excipients might be potent BCRP inhibitors, and there may be differences in the effects of excipients on the functions of BCRP and P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamagata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Yamagata T, Kusuhara H, Morishita M, Takayama K, Benameur H, Sugiyama Y. Improvement of the Oral Drug Absorption of Topotecan through the Inhibition of Intestinal Xenobiotic Efflux Transporter, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, by Excipients. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:1142-8. [PMID: 17446265 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.014217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) has been shown to limit the oral absorption of its substrates in the intestine. The purpose of this study was to examine whether excipients can be used as inhibitors of BCRP, to improve the oral drug absorption of BCRP substrates. In wild-type mice, Pluronic P85 and Tween 20, given orally 15 min before topotecan administration, increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of topotecan after oral administration (2.0- and 1.8-fold, respectively). In contrast, Pluronic P85 and Tween 20 were less effective (no significant difference) on the AUC of topotecan after oral administration in Bcrp (-/-) mice (1.2- and 1.2-fold, respectively). Pluronic P85 and Tween 20 given orally did not affect significantly the AUC of topotecan after intravenous administration in wild-type and Bcrp (-/-) mice. Moreover, we determined the mucosal-to-serosal absorptive transport of topotecan using everted mouse ileum. Pluronic P85 and Tween 20 significantly increased the intestinal absorption rate of topotecan in everted sacs from wild-type mice whereas, in everted sacs from Bcrp (-/-) mice, the absorption rate was 2.1-fold greater than that in wild-type mice, and these excipients were not significantly effective. There was no significant difference in the intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and serosal-to-mucosal secretory transport of rhodamine 123, a typical P-gp substrate. Taken together, these results suggest that Pluronic P85 and Tween 20 can improve the oral bioavailability of BCRP substrates by inhibiting BCRP function in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamagata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoainhum is a rare disease characterised by gradual fibrous constriction of the fingers and/or toes eventually resulting in their amputation. In this article, we report the first case seen in Morocco, highly unusual in terms of its severity. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman with no toxic habits was hospitalised for spontaneous amputation of the fingers and toes. This condition began when the patient was 12 years old with the appearance of a circular constriction band at the base of the fifth toe, eventually resulting in its loss. The patient gradually lost all her other toes and fingers except for the first joint of her left index finger. There was no family history of any similar condition. Clinical examination also revealed perforating plantar disease in two of the stumps and peripheral neuropathy in all four limbs, comprising predominantly axonal disease responsive to electromyogram. Amputation of the index finger was completed and histological examination of the removed section showed nothing unusual, with no signs of diabetes. DISCUSSION The peculiarity of our case resides in the exceptional severity of these amputations and their association with isolated polyneuropathy. Pseudoainhum has been described chiefly in patients with congenital keratoderma, certain systemic diseases, diabetes and alcohol dependence. A number of etiopathogenic hypotheses have been suggested: traumatic, infectious, vascular, neurological and genetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akallal
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéreologie, CHU Ibn-Sina, Rabat 10000, Maroc.
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El Ghelbazouri N, Benameur H, Afifi Y, Senouci K, Hassam B. P70 - Traitement des chéloïdes et des cicatrices hypertrophiques par infiltration de bleomycine. Étude préliminaire de 22 cas. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Benameur H, Latour N, Schandene L, Van Vooren JP, Flamion B, Legros FJ. Liposome-incorporated dexamethasone palmitate inhibits in-vitro lymphocyte response to mitogen. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995; 47:812-7. [PMID: 8583348 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1995.tb05746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of liposomes for the pulmonary delivery of corticosteroid is an area that is under active investigation. We have recently developed a novel liposomal corticosteroid preparation based on the incorporation of dexamethasone palmitate (DMP) within the bilayer of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) made of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and cholesterol; molar ratio EPCC:cholesterol: DMP, 4:3:0.3. In the present study, the biological activity of DMP-SUVs was evaluated using the lymphocyte transformation test with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a gamma-interferon production assay. Results showed that DMP-SUVs (but not empty SUVs) inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake and gamma-interferon production by concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs by 94 and 96%, respectively, at a concentration corresponding to 10(-6) M dexamethasone. The inhibition by DMP-SUVs was found to require a 24-h pre-incubation with unstimulated PBMCs, suggesting that interaction of SUVs with lymphocytes may be altered by mitogen stimulation. We conclude that our DMP liposomal preparation is biologically active and may be considered a promising alternative to conventional local glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Benameur
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Boogaerts J, Declercq A, Lafont N, Benameur H, Akodad EM, Dupont JC, Legros FJ. Toxicity of bupivacaine encapsulated into liposomes and injected intravenously: comparison with plain solutions. Anesth Analg 1993; 76:553-5. [PMID: 8452266 DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199303000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The acute central nervous system and cardiac toxicities of 0.25% bupivacaine, without adrenalin, encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes were compared with 0.25% plain solutions with and without adrenalin after intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.15 mg.kg-1 x min-1 with an increase of 0.036 mg.kg-1 x min-1 every 10 min. Three groups of six anesthetized, unventilated rabbits were studied. The doses of bupivacaine (in mg.kg-1) which produced seizure, ventricular tachycardia, and asystole were determined. The doses of bupivacaine inducing seizure and ventricular tachycardia were significantly higher for liposomal bupivacaine than for the two plain solutions. A statistical comparison of the cumulative lethal doses of bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenalin and of liposomal bupivacaine led to a P = 0.06. Adrenalin did not modify the systemic toxicity of the local anesthetic. This study showed a reduction of nervous and cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes when infused intravascularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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