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de Vries CR, Sweere JM, Ishak H, Sunkari V, Bach MS, Liu D, Manasherob R, Bollyky PL. A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/60599. [PMID: 32150161 PMCID: PMC7309497 DOI: 10.3791/60599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of chronic wound infections in diabetic and hospitalized patients. There is an urgent need for chronic infection models to aid in the investigation of wound pathogenesis and the development of new therapies against this pathogen. Here, we describe a protocol that uses delayed inoculation 24 hours after full-thickness excisional wounding. The infection of the provisional wound matrix present at this time forestalls either rapid clearance or dissemination of infection and instead establishes chronic infection lasting 7-10 days without the need for implantation of foreign materials or immune suppression. This protocol mimics a typical temporal course of post-operative infection in humans. The use of a luminescent P. aeruginosa strain (PAO1:lux) allows for quantitative daily assessment of bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa wound infections. This novel model may be a useful tool in the investigation of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of new therapies for chronic P. aeruginosa wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna M Sweere
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University
| | - Heather Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University; Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research
| | | | - Michelle S Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Dan Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Robert Manasherob
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University
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Sweere JM, Ishak H, Sunkari V, Bach MS, Manasherob R, Yadava K, Ruppert SM, Sen CK, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Secor PR, Bollyky PL. The Immune Response to Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection in Immunocompetent Mice. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:35-47. [PMID: 31903297 PMCID: PMC6940591 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our goal was to develop a chronic wound model in mice that avoids implantation of foreign material or impaired immunity and to use this to characterize the local and systemic immune response associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Approach: We generated bilateral full-thickness dermal wounds in healthy 10-12-week-old C57Bl6 mice. We waited 24 h to inoculate the developing wound eschar at these sites. We performed careful titration experiments with luminescent strains of P. aeruginosa to identify bacterial inoculation concentrations that consistently established stable infections in these animals. We performed flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping of immune cell infiltrates at the wound site, spleen, and draining lymph nodes over time. Finally, we compared inflammatory responses seen in wound inoculation with planktonic bacteria, preformed biofilm, and heat-killed (HK) P. aeruginosa. Results: Using this delayed inoculation model and 7.5 ± 2.5 × 102 CFU/mL of PAO1 we consistently established stable infections that lasted at 10 days in duration. During early infection, we detected a strong upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration at the wound site, while natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) were reduced. At the systemic level, only plasmacytoid DCs were increased early in infection. During later stages, there was systemic upregulation of B cells, T cells, and macrophages, whereas NK cells and interferon killer DCs were reduced. Infections with P. aeruginosa biofilms were not more virulent than infections with planktonic P. aeruginosa, whereas treatment with HK P. aeruginosa only induces a short-term inflammatory state. Innovation: We describe a versatile wound model of chronic P. aeruginosa infection that lasts 10 days without causing sepsis or other excessive morbidity. Conclusion: This model may facilitate the study of chronic wound infections in immunocompetent mice. Our findings also highlight the induction of early innate immune cell populations during P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Sweere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Heather Ishak
- Department of Neurology, Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Vivekananda Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle S. Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Manasherob
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Koshika Yadava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon M. Ruppert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Yadava K, Medina CO, Ishak H, Gurevich I, Kuipers H, Shamskhou EA, Koliesnik IO, Moon JJ, Weaver C, Nadeau KC, Bollyky PL. Natural Tr1-like cells do not confer long-term tolerogenic memory. eLife 2019; 8:44821. [PMID: 31603425 PMCID: PMC6788856 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10-producing Tr1 cells promote tolerance but their contributions to tolerogenic memory are unclear. Using 10BiT mice that carry a Foxp3-eGFP reporter and stably express CD90.1 following IL-10 production, we characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tr1 cells in a house dust mite model of allergic airway inflammation. CD90.1+Foxp3-IL-10+ Tr1 cells arise from memory cells and rejoin the tissue-resident memory T-cell pool after cessation of IL-10 production. Persistent antigenic stimulation is necessary to sustain IL-10 production and Irf1 and Batf expression distinguishes CD90.1+Foxp3-IL-10+ Tr1 cells from CD90.1+Foxp3-IL-10- ‘former’ Tr1. Depletion of Tr1-like cells after primary sensitization exacerbates allergic airway inflammation. However, neither transfer nor depletion of former Tr1 cells influences either Tr1 numbers or the inflammatory response during subsequent allergen memory re-challenge weeks later. Together these data suggest that naturally-arising Tr1 cells do not necessarily give rise to more Tr1 upon allergen re-challenge or contribute to tolerogenic memory. This phenotypic instability may limit efforts to re-establish tolerance by expanding Tr1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshika Yadava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Obed Medina
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Heather Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Irina Gurevich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Hedwich Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elya Ali Shamskhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Ievgen O Koliesnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States
| | - Casey Weaver
- Bevill Biomedical Research Building, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kari Christine Nadeau
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Mountain View, United States
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Sweere JM, Van Belleghem JD, Ishak H, Bach MS, Popescu M, Sunkari V, Kaber G, Manasherob R, Suh GA, Cao X, de Vries CR, Lam DN, Marshall PL, Birukova M, Katznelson E, Lazzareschi DV, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Hawn TR, Secor PR, Bollyky PL. Bacteriophage trigger antiviral immunity and prevent clearance of bacterial infection. Science 2019; 363:eaat9691. [PMID: 30923196 PMCID: PMC6656896 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage are abundant at sites of bacterial infection, but their effects on mammalian hosts are unclear. We have identified pathogenic roles for filamentous Pf bacteriophage produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in suppression of immunity against bacterial infection. Pf promote Pa wound infection in mice and are associated with chronic human Pa wound infections. Murine and human leukocytes endocytose Pf, and internalization of this single-stranded DNA virus results in phage RNA production. This triggers Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)- and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent type I interferon production, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the suppression of phagocytosis. Conversely, immunization of mice against Pf prevents Pa wound infection. Thus, Pf triggers maladaptive innate viral pattern-recognition responses, which impair bacterial clearance. Vaccination against phage virions represents a potential strategy to prevent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Sweere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonas D Van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute of Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Medeea Popescu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivekananda Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Manasherob
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiou Cao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christiaan R de Vries
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dung N Lam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Birukova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Katznelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel V Lazzareschi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick R Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Choo J, Ishak H, Simpson B, Mueller U, Juenger T. Characterization of 14 microsatellite loci in a tropical palm, Attalea phalerata (Arecaceae). Am J Bot 2010; 97:e105-e106. [PMID: 21616808 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We developed microsatellite primers for the widely distributed tropical palm Attalea phalerata for studies on the dispersal and spatial genetic structure of palm populations. • METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite primer pairs were identified. The number of alleles in the population tested ranged between 3 and 25, with a mean of 12.1. Ten microsatellite loci exhibited no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium or presence of null alleles, and their combined probability of exclusion was 0.998. • CONCLUSIONS These microsatellite loci will be useful in parentage analysis and population genetics studies of Attalea phalerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Choo
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
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Mueller UG, Ishak H, Lee JC, Sen R, Gutell RR. Placement of attine ant-associated Pseudonocardia in a global Pseudonocardia phylogeny (Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinomycetales): a test of two symbiont-association models. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 98:195-212. [PMID: 20333466 PMCID: PMC2975052 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the bacterial genus Pseudonocardia to evaluate two models explaining how and why Pseudonocardia bacteria colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus-gardening ant species (Attini, Formicidae). The traditional Coevolution-Codivergence model views the integument-colonizing Pseudonocardia as mutualistic microbes that are largely vertically transmitted between ant generations and that supply antibiotics that specifically suppress the garden pathogen Escovopsis. The more recent Acquisition model views Pseudonocardia as part of a larger integumental microbe community that frequently colonizes the ant integument from environmental sources (e.g., soil, plant material). Under this latter model, ant-associated Pseudonocardia may have diverse ecological roles on the ant integument (possibly ranging from pathogenic, to commensal, to mutualistic) and are not necessarily related to Escovopsis suppression. We test distinct predictions of these two models regarding the phylogenetic proximity of ant-associated and environmental Pseudonocardia. We amassed 16S-rRNA gene sequence information for 87 attine-associated and 238 environmental Pseudonocardia, aligned the sequences with the help of RNA secondary structure modeling, and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using a maximum-likelihood approach. We present 16S-rRNA secondary structure models of representative Pseudonocardia species to improve sequence alignments and identify sequencing errors. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal close affinities and even identical sequence matches between environmental Pseudonocardia and ant-associated Pseudonocardia, as well as nesting of environmental Pseudonocardia in subgroups that were previously thought to be specialized to associate only with attine ants. The great majority of ant-associated Pseudonocardia are closely related to autotrophic Pseudonocardia and are placed in a large subgroup of Pseudonocardia that is known essentially only from cultured isolates (rather than cloned 16S sequences). The preponderance of the known ant-associated Pseudonocardia in this latter clade of culturable lineages may not necessarily reflect abundance of these Pseudonocardia types on the ants, but isolation biases when screening for Pseudonocardia (e.g., preferential isolation of autotrophic Pseudonocardia with minimum-nutrient media). The accumulated phylogenetic patterns and the possibility of isolation biases in previous work further erode support for the traditional Coevolution-Codivergence model and calls for continued revision of our understanding how and why Pseudonocardia colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus-gardening ant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich G Mueller
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Ishak H, Takegami T, Kamimura K, Funada H. Comparative sequences of two type 1 dengue virus strains possessing different growth characteristics in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 2002; 45:327-31. [PMID: 11386425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb02627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequences of two dengue-1 virus strains having different growth characteristics (Mochizuki and A88) were compared with other published strains. The sequence analysis indicated several unique amino acid changes throughout the coding region of Mochizuki strain, mostly in envelope (E) protein. A unique amino acid, Ile-69 for Mochizuki strain at E protein resulted in the loss of an Asn-67-linked glycosylation site. A Thr substitution for Ala-114 at C protein and amino acid changes found in E, non-structural NS3, NS4a, and NS5 proteins were unique for A88 strain. These substitutions might be correlated to their different growth characteristics in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishak
- Department of Biodefence Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Takegami T, Ishak H, Miyamoto C, Shirai Y, Kamimura K. Isolation and molecular comparison of Japanese encephalitis virus in Ishikawa, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2000; 53:178-9. [PMID: 11056567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Takegami
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Ishak H, Miyagi I, Toma T, Kamimura K. Breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti (L) and Aedes. albopictus (Skuse) in villages of Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1997; 28:844-50. [PMID: 9656413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The breeding habitats of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, were studied using larval collection method inside and outside houses in 6 villages of Barru, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from July 1994 to August 1995. Aedes aegypti was the dominant species, being abundant indoors especially in the coastal areas. Aedes albopictus was breeding primarily in outdoor containers in the hill and mountain areas. Earthen jar was the most common breeding habitat of Aedes aegypti in all villages surveyed. Drum can was the most common outdoor breeding habitat of Aedes albopictus in the hill and mountain areas. The high Breteau indices of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus suggests that these species may play an important role in the transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Barru where epidemics of the fever occur occasionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishak
- Laboratory of Biodefence Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan
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