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Torres M, Silva-Klug A, Ferrer E, Saumoy M, Trenti L, Tous S, Esteban A, Baixeras N, Catala I, Vidal A, G Bravo I, Podzamczer D, de Sanjose S. Detecting anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men living with HIV: implications of assay variability. Sex Transm Infect 2022; 99:187-190. [PMID: 35545433 PMCID: PMC10176368 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of anal cancer (AC) caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has risen in the last years in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. There is consensus that this population should be screened for anal precancerous lesions, but the role of HPV DNA testing in AC screening programmes is still under debate. OBJECTIVES This study employed two molecular test to detect anal HPV DNA and compared assay performance and prognostic value for the diagnosis of histology proven high-grade intraepithelial anal lesions. METHODS MSM living with HIV attended their regular check-up visits consisting of detection of anal HPV infection, anal cytology, digital anorectal examination and high resolution anoscopy. HPV DNA was detected using Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk test (HC2, total assay) and LINEAR ARRAY HPV Genotyping Test (LA, type-specific assay) RESULTS: Among 274 participant, prevalence of HPV DNA was 48.5% by HC2 and 89.4% by LA. HPV16 (30.6%) and HPV6 (19.6%) were the most common genotypes identified. Prevalence of multiple HPV infections was 56.2%. Agreement between HPV DNA assays was 75.2% (κ=0.51; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.60). Total HPV detection demonstrated high sensitivity (90%; 95% CI 68.3 to 98.8) and moderate specificity (58.4%; 95% CI 50.2 to 66.3), while type-specific HPV16/18 genotyping provided an increase in specificity and showed the highest area under the curve (0.81; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89) and Youden's index (0.63). CONCLUSIONS Both methodologies identified a high prevalence of anal HPV infection and multiple HPV infections in MSM living with HIV, showing a moderate overall agreement between them. Either total HPV detection or type-specific HPV16/18 detection together with a threshold ≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance for abnormal cytology showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Torres
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Catala d' Oncologia-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Silva-Klug
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ferrer
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Saumoy
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loris Trenti
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Tous
- Infection and Cancer Unit. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Catala d' Oncologia-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERESP, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Esteban
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Catala d' Oncologia-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Baixeras
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Isabel Catala
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Univ Montpellier), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Podzamczer
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Infection and Cancer Unit. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Catala d' Oncologia-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERESP, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain.,Consultant, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Silva-Klug AC, Saumoy M, Baixeras N, Trenti L, Catala I, Vidal A, Torres M, Alemany L, Videla S, De San Jose S, Podzamczer D. Comparison of two sample collection devices for anal cytology in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: Cytology brush and Dacron swab. Cytopathology 2021; 32:646-653. [PMID: 34033168 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are a vulnerable group for anal cancer (AC), a cancer with a well-described precursor lesion, which can be detected early in screening programs using anal liquid-based cytology (aLBC). We aim to compare two aLBC sample collection devices: cytology brush (CB) and Dacron swab (DS). METHODS Retrospective analysis of two consecutive study periods, the first using CB and the second DS. Participants underwent an aLBC, a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test and a high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), and a biopsy was performed for suspicious lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of aLBC, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and concordance between cytology and HRA were assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS A total of 239 participants were enrolled (CB group, 120; DS group, 119). aLBC was benign in 46% of samples, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was detected in 11.7%. Prevalence of biopsy-proven HSIL was 15.3%. No differences in cytological and histological results were observed between the groups. aLBC-HRA concordance was weak for benign results (CB group, k = 0.309; DS group, k = 0.350) as well as for HSIL (k = 0.321 and 0.387, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 51.4%, respectively, in the CB group and 88% and 54.3% in the DS group (AUC = 0.711 and 0.759, respectively, P-value = .514). Representation of the transformation zone (TZ) was adequate in 83.3% of samples in the CB group and 50.4% in the DS group (P-value <.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that both devices had similar accuracy to detect anal HSIL, although samples collected with CB are more likely to have an adequate TZ representation, the presence of which could be an indicator of sample quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva-Klug
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Saumoy
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Baixeras
- Pathology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loris Trenti
- Colorectal Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Catala
- Pathology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Pathology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERen Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Videla
- Clinical Research Support Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia De San Jose
- Infection and Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Podzamczer
- HIV and STD Unit (Infectious Disease Service), Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Pros E, Saigi M, Alameda D, Gomez-Mariano G, Martinez-Delgado B, Alburquerque-Bejar JJ, Carretero J, Tonda R, Esteve-Codina A, Catala I, Palmero R, Jove M, Lazaro C, Patiño-Garcia A, Gil-Bazo I, Verdura S, Teulé A, Torres-Lanzas J, Sidransky D, Reguart N, Pio R, Juan-Vidal O, Nadal E, Felip E, Montuenga LM, Sanchez-Cespedes M. Genome-wide profiling of non-smoking-related lung cancer cells reveals common RB1 rearrangements associated with histopathologic transformation in EGFR-mutant tumors. Ann Oncol 2021; 31:274-282. [PMID: 31959344 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology and the molecular basis of lung adenocarcinomas (LuADs) in nonsmokers are currently unknown. Furthermore, the scarcity of available primary cultures continues to hamper our biological understanding of non-smoking-related lung adenocarcinomas (NSK-LuADs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We established patient-derived cancer cell (PDC) cultures from metastatic NSK-LuADs, including two pairs of matched EGFR-mutant PDCs before and after resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and then performed whole-exome and RNA sequencing to delineate their genomic architecture. For validation, we analyzed independent cohorts of primary LuADs. RESULTS In addition to known non-smoker-associated alterations (e.g. RET, ALK, EGFR, and ERBB2), we discovered novel fusions and recurrently mutated genes, including ATF7IP, a regulator of gene expression, that was inactivated in 5% of primary LuAD cases. We also found germline mutations at dominant familiar-cancer genes, highlighting the importance of genetic predisposition in the origin of a subset of NSK-LuADs. Furthermore, there was an over-representation of inactivating alterations at RB1, mostly through complex intragenic rearrangements, in treatment-naive EGFR-mutant LuADs. Three EGFR-mutant and one EGFR-wild-type tumors acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy, respectively, and histology on re-biopsies revealed the development of small-cell lung cancer/squamous cell carcinoma (SCLC/LuSCC) transformation. These features were consistent with RB1 inactivation and acquired EGFR-T790M mutation or FGFR3-TACC3 fusion in EGFR-mutant tumors. CONCLUSIONS We found recurrent alterations in LuADs that deserve further exploration. Our work also demonstrates that a subset of NSK-LuADs arises within cancer-predisposition syndromes. The preferential occurrence of RB1 inactivation, via complex rearrangements, found in EGFR-mutant tumors appears to favor SCLC/LuSCC transformation under growth-inhibition pressures. Thus RB1 inactivation may predict the risk of LuAD transformation to a more aggressive type of lung cancer, and may need to be considered as a part of the clinical management of NSK-LuADs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pros
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Saigi
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Alameda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Gomez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Rare Diseases Institute of Research (IIER), Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Rare Diseases Institute of Research (IIER), Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Alburquerque-Bejar
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Tonda
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) and University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) and University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Catala
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - R Palmero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jove
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Lazaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO-Oncobell-IDIBELL, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Patiño-Garcia
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Gil-Bazo
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Verdura
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO-Oncobell-IDIBELL, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Torres-Lanzas
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar-Murcia, Spain
| | - D Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N Reguart
- Oncology Department, Thoracic Tumors Unit, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Juan-Vidal
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Research Institute La Fe and Department of Medical Oncology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Research in Solid Tumors Group (CReST), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - E Felip
- Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L M Montuenga
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Schools of Medicine and Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Sanchez-Cespedes
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Garcia-Tejedor A, Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Ortega R, Gil-Gil M, Perez-Montero H, Fernandez-Montolí E, Stradella A, Recalde S, Soler T, Petit A, Bajen MT, Benitez A, Guma A, Campos M, Pla MJ, Martinez E, Laplana M, Pernas S, Perez-Sildekova D, Catala I, Ponce J, Falo C. Can we avoid axillary lymph node dissection in N2 breast cancer patients with chemo-sensitive tumours such as HER2 and TNBC? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:657-666. [PMID: 33068198 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To find a group of cN2 patients or patients with high axillary burden who become ypN0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and who may benefit from avoiding a lymphadenectomy. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted with 221 clinically staged N2 patients or patients with at least 3 suspicious lymph nodes found by ultrasound at diagnosis. The predictive factors for ypN0 analysed were age, MRI-determined tumour size, histological subtype, the Nottingham histologic grade, surrogate molecular subtype, ki-67 and vascular invasion when present. Clinical and radiological responses after NACT were also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses by logistic regression were performed. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was calculated in relation to the status of the axillary lymph nodes after NACT. RESULTS After NACT, 89 patients (40.3%) had axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) (ypN0) and 132 (59.7%) had residual axillary disease (ypN+). Molecular surrogate subtype, Ki-67 expression, and the clinical and radiological responses to NACT were the only independent factors associated with ypN0. Axillary pCR was observed more often in HER2-positive and triple-negative tumours than in luminal ones (OR 7.5 and 3.6, respectively). DDFS was 88.7% (95% CI 80.7-96.7%) for ypN0 and 56.2% (95% CI 32.1-80.3%) for ypN+ (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS In HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer patients staged as cN2 or with high axillary burden before NACT, a sentinel lymph node biopsy after NACT could be recommended if there is a clinical and radiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Garcia-Tejedor
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Ortega
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gil-Gil
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Perez-Montero
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulalia Fernandez-Montolí
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Recalde
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Soler
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Petit
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Bajen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Benitez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Guma
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Campos
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Pla
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelyn Martinez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Laplana
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy, Institut Català d'Oncología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Perez-Sildekova
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Plastic and Restorative Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Catala
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Universitat de Barcelona, Bellvitge Hospital, Ave. Feixa Llarga, sn., Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08970, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Falo
- Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
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Gornals JB, Consiglieri C, Gallarreta V, Busquets J, Catala I, Laquente B. Single-session fluoroless endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and choledochoduodenostomy with a biliary lumen-apposing stent. Endoscopy 2016; 47 Suppl 1 UCTN:E418-9. [PMID: 26397848 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan B Gornals
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Consiglieri
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gallarreta
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juli Busquets
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Catala
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Laquente
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia DiR, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Gornals JB, de la Hera M, de Albert M, Claver E, Catala I. EUS cardiac puncture-guided right atrial tumor. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:165. [PMID: 25887722 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan B Gornals
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell de la Hera
- Endoscopy Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matias de Albert
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Claver
- Heart Disease Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Catala
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Gornals JB, Moreno R, Castellote J, Loras C, Barranco R, Catala I, Xiol X, Fabregat J, Corbella X. Single-session endosonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biliopancreatic diseases is feasible, effective and cost beneficial. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:578-83. [PMID: 23465682 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are often required in patients with pancreaticobiliary disorders. AIMS To assess the clinical impact and costs savings of a single session EUS-ERCP. METHODS Patient and intervention data from April 2009 to March 2012 were prospectively recruited and retrospectively analyzed from a database at a tertiary hospital. Indications, diagnostic yield, procedure details, complications and costs were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-five scheduled combined procedures were done in 53 patients. The accuracy of EUS-fine needle aspiration for malignancy was 90%. The main clinical indication was a malignant obstructing lesion (66%). The ERCP cannulation was successful in 67%, and in 11/15 failed ERCP (73%), drainage was completed thanks to an EUS-guided biliary drainage: 6 transmurals, 5 rendezvous. Eight patients (14%) had related complications: bacteremia (n = 3), pancreatitis (n = 2), bleeding (n = 2) and perforation (n = 1). The mean duration was 65 ± 22.2 min. The mean estimated cost for a single session was €3437, and €4095 for two separate sessions. The estimated cost savings using a single-session strategy was €658 per patient, representing a total savings of €36,189. CONCLUSION Combined EUS and ERCP is safe, technically feasible and cost beneficial. Furthermore, in failed ERCP cases, the endoscopic biliary drainage can be completed with EUS-guided biliary access in the same procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan B Gornals
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Favre A, Szylit O, Popot F, Catala I, Rondeau C, Maurage C, Gold F, Borderon JC, Butel MJ. Diet, length of gestation, and fecal short chain fatty acids in healthy premature neonates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002; 26:51-6. [PMID: 11833751 DOI: 10.1177/014860710202600151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excretion of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may indicate changes in colonic or colonocyte metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect the influence of gestational age and feeding practices on SCFA concentrations and profiles in healthy preterm infants. METHODS A total of 198 fecal samples (28 infants) were collected from 8 to 21 days of age from 3 groups of preterm infants born at 33 to 37 weeks of gestation and fed either breast milk (group I) or Nutramigen, a lactose-free formula (group II), and extremely preterm infants born before 33 weeks of gestation and fed breast milk (group III). Total SCFA concentrations and SCFA profiles were analyzed using a gas chromographic (GC) procedure. RESULTS Total fecal SCFA excretion did not differ significantly between group I (mean, 24.0 micromol/g; range, 1.3 to 118.8 micromol/g) and group II (mean, 23.0 micromol/g; range, 3.0 to 73.3 micromol/g). Conversely, differences occurred between SCFA profiles and became significant after day 17. The main differences were a significant increase in the butyric acid concentration (12% versus 30%) with group II. Compared with group I, fecal SCFA concentrations were 3.2-fold lower (7.4 micromol/g; range, 0.3 to 37.4 micromol/g) in group III with no significant changes in the profiles. CONCLUSIONS Fecal SCFA excretion may vary in absence of any digestive disease. During this study, in terms of gestational age, total SCFA concentrations were significantly lower in extremely premature infants compared with infants born less premature, despite their known higher deficiency in intestinal lactase activity. In terms of diet, the absence of lactose did not lead to a decrease in colonic fermentation and induced changes in SCFA patterns. These new baseline data may offer clues to further development of milk formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Favre
- Service de Médecine Néonatale, Centre de Pédiatrie Gatien de Clocheville, France
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9
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Catala I, Juste C, Boehler N, Férézou J, André M, Riottot M, Lutton C, Lafont H, Bornet F, Corring T. Cholesterol crystallization in gall-bladder bile of pigs given cholesterol-beta-cyclodextrin-enriched diets with either casein or soyabean concentrate as protein sources. Br J Nutr 2000; 83:411-20. [PMID: 10858699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol precipitation from supersaturated bile is the earliest and determinant step in the formation of cholesterol gallstones, which is thought to be diet-dependent. Bile composition, appearance and growth of cholesterol crystals were studied in fresh gall-bladder biles from pigs adapted to four different protein-containing diets over 3 weeks: 160 g dietary protein/kg as casein (C16; n 6), or as soyabean-protein concentrate (S16; n 6), or a mixture of both protein sources (casein-soyabean protein, 70:30, w/w) (CS16; n 6), or 320 g of the mixed protein/kg (CS32; n 6). Moreover, all four diets contained 3 g cholesterol/kg and 50 g beta-cyclodextrin/kg as modifiers of bile composition towards cholesterol pro-crystallization. Cholesterol precipitation was most active after the high-protein diet, CS32, and the casein diet, C16, and lowest after the soyabean-protein diet, S16. It was intermediate after the mixed diet, CS16, but still much lower than in the former two groups. These diet-induced variations were suggested to be mediated through modifications in the biliary profile of bile acids, whereas all other biliary constituents studied were essentially unchanged. The fasting level of plasma cholesterol was lowest in both 160 g protein/kg diets containing soyabean protein (S16 and CS16), highest for the high-protein diet CS32, and intermediate for the C16 diet. These results should encourage clinical studies on the effect of soyabean protein, or other vegetable proteins, for primary or recurrence prevention of cholelithiasis at its earliest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Catala
- Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Bâtiment 405, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Benamouzig R, Mahé S, Meziani K, Martin A, Juste C, Catala I, Tomé D. Effects of soy protein diet on digestive lumenal polyamines and colonic cell proliferation in pigs. Reprod Nutr Dev 1999; 39:213-21. [PMID: 10327449 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19990206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine whether erythrocyte and digestive lumenal polyamine concentrations are affected by a soy protein diet when compared to a casein diet. We also determined the effects of these diets on colonic cell proliferation. Sixteen pigs received either a 16% soy protein or casein diet for 25 days. The erythrocyte putrescine was higher in pigs fed the soy protein diet. Significant levels of polyamines were observed in the digestive lumen on both diets. Lumenal putrescine and cadaverine were higher in the proximal colon in the casein group. Lumenal spermidine was higher in the caecum and colon in the soy protein group. No significant differences in the ornithine decarboxylase activity nor in the proliferative cell nuclear antigen labelling index were observed in the colonic mucosa regardless of the regimen. These results indicate that the dietary source of protein induces significant changes in lumenal polyamines in the colon. The physiological effects of these changes need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benamouzig
- Unité Inra de nutrition humaine et de physiologie intestinale, Inra Paris-Grignon, France.
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Catala I, Butel MJ, Bensaada M, Popot F, Tessedre AC, Rimbault A, Szylit O. Oligofructose contributes to the protective role of bifidobacteria in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in quails. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48:89-94. [PMID: 9920130 DOI: 10.1099/00222615-48-1-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are dominant in the gut of full-term infants, although colonisation by them is often delayed in preterm neonates. Bifidobacteria are recognised to have beneficial effects on digestive disorders and they might prevent neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal disease that predominantly affects premature infants. They have been shown to protect gnotobiotic quails against NEC-like lesions when the birds were inoculated with faecal flora from preterm infants, decreasing the clostridial population. The present study was designed to investigate whether oligofructose, which stimulates the activity of bifidobacteria, may enhance their protective role. Experiments were done in eight groups of germ-free quails for 28 days. The groups differed as to their bacterial status, diet and environment. Quails were inoculated with one of two flora from premature twins. The first flora included Bifidobacterium pseudo-catenulatum, Escherichia coli and no clostridia. The second flora included clostridial species and was associated with B. infantis-longum. Caecal bacterial population and metabolism changes were investigated with a lactose (6%) diet versus a lactose-oligofructose (3%-3%) diet, either in a gnotobiotic environment or in an ordinary environment permitting post-colonisation by exogenous bacteria. In both environments and with both flora, oligofructose significantly increased the level of bifidobacteria and this was associated with a decrease of E. coli or C. perfringens and C. ramosum. The bacterial changes in the ordinary environment depended on the initial composition of the microflora and the colonisation resistance against exogenous bacteria was more efficient with the flora that included B. pseudo-catenulatum. The changes in caecal pH and short-chain fatty acids were minimal. It was demonstrated that, irrespective of the environmental conditions, the use of oligofructose helped to prevent the overgrowth of bacteria implicated in necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M J Butel
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Unité Microbiologie Anaérobie, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - A C Tessedre
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Unité Microbiologie Anaérobie, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - A Rimbault
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Unité Microbiologie Anaérobie, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Catala I, Domingo N, Juste C, Gueugneau AM, Thorin B, Lutton C, Corring T, Lafont H. Effect of beta-cyclodextrin dietary supplementation on biliary proteins and their resulting cholesterol nucleating activity in pigs. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1394:74-84. [PMID: 9767121 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the possibility that the biliary protein fraction may support part of the variation in the nucleating activity previously measured in gallbladder biles of pigs. Eighteen gallbladder aspirates freshly obtained from three dietary groups (0, 5, or 10% beta-cyclodextrin) of six pigs were chromatographed to purify their total protein fraction. Proteins were quantified, and analysed through electrophoresis and immunoblotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for albumin, and five putative effectors of cholesterol crystallisation, mucins, immunoglobulin A, 130 kDa, apolipoprotein A-I, and anionic polypeptide fraction. Each total protein fraction was also assayed for its ability to influence cholesterol precipitation, when added to supersaturated model bile. The current data provided evidence that the cholesterol crystallisation-promoting activity of biliary proteins in model biles increased with the beta-cyclodextrin dietary content. This occurred without any significant change in the total biliary protein content, but was associated with a significant decrease in the concentration of albumin and apolipoprotein A-I, resulting in changes in the overall balance of proteins in bile. Comparison of these results with the crystallisation figures previously obtained from the corresponding native biles led us to conclude that biliary proteins might influence the outcome of the crystallisation process, namely the final crystal concentration at equilibrium, but would not systematically represent a major driving force for determining the velocity of crystal formation in native bile of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Catala
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
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Abstract
The cytomorphologic findings in fine-needle aspirates from 7 cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) are reviewed and correlated with the histologic features. Malignant cytologic characteristics are clear in this tumor, and no false-negative results were obtained. But the absence of cribriform or papillary groups suggests an inconclusive diagnosis and sometimes the need to establish a differential diagnosis with other salivary tumors, and in particular with adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (ADC-NOS) and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (h-g MEC). The pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis of this tumor are discussed. In addition, the literature on the subject is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Bonafé
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gausserès N, Catala I, Mahé S, Luengo C, Bornet F, Guy-Grand B, Tomé D. Whole-body protein turnover in humans fed a soy protein-rich vegetable diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51:308-11. [PMID: 9152681 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the whole-body protein turnover in humans after the ingestion of a soy protein-rich vegetable diet with that of a control group fed a western animal protein-rich diet. SUBJECTS Twelve male volunteers were divided into two groups of six subjects who were given for two weeks either a 85% vegetable protein diet (diet VP) or a control western animal protein-rich diet (diet AP). INTERVENTIONS Whole-body protein turnover was estimated at the end of the two-week controlled diet period using the [15N]-glycine end-product method. Nitrogen flux rates were determined in the fed state (1.3 g protein/kg) over a 9 h period after the dose of [15N]-glycine was given. RESULTS After the 9 h of the test, the urinary ammonia excretion was significantly higher in the group receiving the diet AP than that in the group receiving the diet VP (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference for both total nitrogen and urea nitrogen excretions. Both the protein synthesis and the protein breakdown were similar in both groups. In the same way, the net protein deposition measured in the fed state during 9 h was similar for both diets at 0.07 g/kg/h. CONCLUSIONS Young adults fed 1.3 g/kg/d of either meat or vegetable protein-rich diet for two weeks did not show a different protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gausserès
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine et de Physiologie Intestinale, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
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15
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Juste C, Catala I, Riottot M, André M, Parquet M, Lyan B, Béguet F, Ferézou-Viala J, Sérougne C, Domingo N, Lutton C, Lafont H, Corring T. Inducing cholesterol precipitation from pig bile with beta-cyclodextrin and cholesterol dietary supplementation. J Hepatol 1997; 26:711-21. [PMID: 9075681 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/METHODS In this study, pigs fed for 3 weeks a well-balanced semi-purified diet enriched with 0.3% cholesterol and 0, 5 or 10% beta-cyclodextrin were proposed as new animal donors of gallbladder bile exhibiting different rates of cholesterol crystallization, in order to gain insight into the early mechanisms underlying cholesterol precipitation in vivo. The appearance and growth of cholesterol crystals were monitored in the incubated freshly collected gallbladder biles through light microscopy and concomitant time-sequential determination of crystallized cholesterol concentration, and interpreted in terms of the composition of the bile. RESULTS Although the concentration of total lipids and proteins and the relative proportions of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol remained unchanged under beta-cyclodextrin, the cholesterol crystallization increased in the following order: 0<<10<5% beta-cyclodextrin. Concomitantly, the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid in bile, and the hydrophobicity index of the biliary bile acid mixture increased in the following order: 0<5<10% beta-cyclodextrin (the same as reported elsewhere for the decrease in the antinucleating ApoA1), while sn-2 arachidonoyl biliary lecithins were specifically increased with 5% beta-cyclodextrin in the diet. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesized that lecithin molecular species may be the determinant factor in modulating high cholesterol crystallization rates in biles otherwise enriched with hydrophobic bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Juste
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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16
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Férézou J, Riottot M, Sérougne C, Cohen-Solal C, Catala I, Alquier C, Parquet M, Juste C, Lafont H, Mathé D, Corring T, Lutton C. Hypocholesterolemic action of beta-cyclodextrin and its effects on cholesterol metabolism in pigs fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J Lipid Res 1997; 38:86-100. [PMID: 9034203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of beta-cyclodextrin (BCD), a non-absorbable carbohydrate, on lipid metabolism, growing pigs were fed a 0.3% cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 weeks or this diet containing 5% or 10% BCD. Pigs fed a basal diet without added cholesterol or BCD were used as controls. The cholesterol-rich diet induced hypercholesterolemia (1.75 vs. 0.84 g/l plasma) due to increased LDL concentration, delayed the plasma clearance of vitamin A, enhanced liver cholesterol storage, lowered the hepatic activities of LDL-receptors (by 47%) and HMG-CoA reductase (by 62%), stimulated cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (x3), and accelerated the fecal output of neutral sterols (x4). Addition of BCD to the cholesterol-rich diet prevented the elevation of plasma cholesterol due to dietary cholesterol excess. Moreover, BCD produced a dose-dependent effect in reducing liver cholesterol storage, stimulating hepatic cholesterogenesis, increasing the proportion of primary bile acids in bile and in feces, and the fecal loss of neutral sterols and bile acids. Pigs receiving 10% BCD thus differed markedly from controls, especially for HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase hepatic activities (x5), and fecal output of total bile acids (x3) and hyocholic acid (x20), and their overall cholesterol synthesis was higher (+50%), despite the abundant dietary cholesterol. Owing to the property of BCD to bind cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, these results suggest that this resistant carbohydrate accelerates body cholesterol turnover by reducing cholesterol absorption, increasing cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, and altering the action of the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Férézou
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition (INRA), Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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17
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Lhoste EF, Catala I, Fiszlewicz M, Gueugneau AM, Popot F, Vaissade P, Corring T, Szylit O. Influence of caecal microflora and of two dietary protein levels on the adaptation of the exocrine pancreas: comparative study in germ-free and conventional rats. Br J Nutr 1996; 75:433-44. [PMID: 8785216 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19960145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins are degraded by both endogenous enzymes and the caecal microflora. In conventional rats the enzyme content of the pancreas depends on the amount of dietary protein. The influence of the caecal microflora on this process is unknown. We report here the effect of the caecal microflora on pancreatic enzymes (proteases, amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lipase (EC 3.1.1.3)) and on colonic metabolites (NH3, urea, short-chain fatty acids). Germ-free and conventional male Fischer rats were fed for 3 weeks with a diet containing 220 or 450 g protein/kg provided as a mixture of fish concentrate and soyabean isolate. The excretion of NH3 and the pH were specifically increased by the high-protein diet in the germ-free rats. The higher production of isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate in conventional rats fed on the high-protein diet reflected a high bacterial proteolytic activity since these short-chain fatty acids are specific indicators of this activity. The microflora hydrolysed urea to NH3 and maintained the pH at neutrality whatever the amount of protein in the diet since there were changes in germ-free rats but not in conventional ones. In germ-free rats, amylase, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), elastase (EC 3.4.21.36) and carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1) specific activities were significantly lower than in conventional rats. The adaptation of the pancreas to the 450 g protein/kg diet was not impaired by the bacterial status except for the specific activity of chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) which was more increased by this diet in germ-free than in conventional rats. Moreover, the specific activity of lipase increased only in conventional rats fed on the 450 g protein/kg diet. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between the enzyme content of the pancreas and the presence or absence of the caecal microflora suggesting that bacterial fermentation influences pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Lhoste
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Juste C, Catala I, Henry R, Chabanet C, Gueugneau AM, Béguet F, Lyan B, Corring T. Influence of bile salt molecular species on cholesterol crystallization from supersaturated model biles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1254:89-97. [PMID: 7811752 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00172-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-sequential enzymatic determination of cholesterol (CH) crystals harvested by ultrafiltration, and concomitant polarizing light microscopy observations corroborated the striking importance of the bile salts (BS) species in determining CH crystals formation rate from supersaturated model biles incubated in vitro. The more hydrophilic tauroursodeoxycholate, taurohyocholate, glycohyocholate, taurohyodeoxycholate, glycohyodeoxycholate and glyco-3 alpha, hydroxy-6 oxo-5 beta-cholanate inhibited CH precipitation through the formation of a stabilized liquid-crystalline phase. In contrast, in all hydrophobic systems (taurine (T) and glycine (G) conjugates of cholate (C), deoxycholate (DC) and chenodeoxycholate (CDC)), CH crystals precipitated with time. When crystallized CH concentrations were plotted vs. time, the figures showed a sigmoidal pattern, consistent with the transition from metastable systems to stable equilibrium states. Over the equilibration period, the nucleation kinetics (as inferred from enzymatic measurements) and all crystallization events (as microscopically observed) were both shifted in time, depending on the BS species: they were earliest in CDC systems, then in DC systems, and finally in C systems. In the latter, the delay was clearly due to the formation of a transient labile liquid-crystalline phase. G-conjugation also induced a significant delay in CH precipitation, compared to T-conjugation. At last, maximum crystallized CH concentrations at equilibrium were in the decreasing order: C > CDC > DC and T-conjugates > G-homologues. All data are discussed in connection with BS hydrophobicities, with predictions from the phase equilibria of aqueous biliary lipid systems and with new insights into CH crystal habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Juste
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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