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Chen R, Yan J, Wickham JD, Gao Y. Genomic identification and evolutionary analysis of chemosensory receptor gene families in two Phthorimaea pest species: insights into chemical ecology and host adaptation. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:493. [PMID: 38762533 PMCID: PMC11102633 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects rely on sophisticated sensitive chemosensory systems to sense their complex chemical environment. This sensory process involves a combination of odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) in the chemosensory system. This study focused on the identification and characterization of these three types of chemosensory receptor genes in two closely related Phthorimaea pest species, Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) and Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leaf miner). RESULTS Based on manual annotation of the genome, we identified a total of 349 chemoreceptor genes from the genome of P. operculella, including 93 OR, 206 GR and 50 IR genes, while for P. absoluta, we identified 72 OR, 122 GR and 46 IR genes. Through phylogenetic analysis, we observed minimal differences in the number and types of ORs and IRs between the potato tuber moth and tomato leaf miner. In addition, we found that compared with those of tomato leaf miners, the gustatory receptor branch of P. operculella has undergone a large expansion, which may be related to P. absoluta having a narrower host range than P. operculella. Through analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of male and female antennae, we uncovered 45 DEGs (including 32ORs, 9 GRs, and 4 IRs). CONCLUSIONS Our research provides a foundation for exploring the chemical ecology of these two pests and offers new insights into the dietary differentiation of lepidopteran insects, while simultaneously providing molecular targets for developing environmentally friendly pest control methods based on insect chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sun J, Koski TM, Wickham JD, Baranchikov YN, Bushley KE. Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding. Annu Rev Entomol 2024; 69:239-258. [PMID: 37708417 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-012323-032231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ash tree (Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in the United States in 2002 and Moscow, Russia in 2003, substantial detection and management efforts have been applied to contain and monitor its spread and mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, the pest continues to spread within North America. It has spread to European Russia and Ukraine and is causing sporadic outbreaks in its native range in China. The dynamics of EAB's range expansion events appear to be linked to the lack of resistant ash trees in invaded ranges, facilitated by the abundance of native or planted North American susceptible ash species. We review recently gained knowledge of the range expansion of EAB; its ecological, economic, and social impacts; and past management efforts with their successes and limitations. We also highlight advances in biological control, mechanisms of ash resistance, and new detection and management approaches under development, with the aim of guiding more effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Sun
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/Collece of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China; ,
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuuli-Marjaana Koski
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/Collece of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China; ,
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- A.N. Severstov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation;
| | - Yuri N Baranchikov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation;
| | - Kathryn E Bushley
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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Fan J, Zheng K, Xie P, Dong Y, Gu Y, Wickham JD. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Batocera horsfieldi Hope to Volatiles from Pistacia chinensis Bunge. Insects 2023; 14:911. [PMID: 38132585 PMCID: PMC10743956 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Following infestation by phytophagous insects, changes in the composition and relative proportion of volatile components emitted by plants may be observed. Some phytophagous insects can accurately identify these compounds to locate suitable host plants. We investigated whether herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) generated by herbivory on Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Sapindales: Aceraceae) might be semiochemicals for the host location of Batocera horsfieldi Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We performed two-choice bioassays (indoor darkroom, inside cages) on plants damaged by adult feeding and intact control plants. Volatiles from these plants were then collected and identified, and the response of adult antennae to these compounds was tested via electroantennography (EAG). The behavioral responses of B. horsfieldi to these compounds were finally assessed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Host plant choice tests show that B. horsfieldi prefers feeding-damaged P. chinensis over healthy trees. In total, 15 compounds were collected from healthy and feeding-damaged P. chinensis, 10 of which were shared in both healthy and feeding-damaged P. chinensis, among which there were significant differences in the quantities of five terpenes, including α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, D-limonene, and β-ocimene. In EAG assays, the antennae of B. horsfieldi adults responded strongly to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, β-ocimene, 3-carene, γ-terpinene, D-limonene, myrcene, and α-phellandrene. The antennae of B. horsfieldi adults responded in a dose-response manner to these compounds. Y-tube behavioral experiments showed that four compounds attracted mated females ((Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, β-ocimene, 3-carene, and α-phellandrene), two compounds ((Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and α-phellandrene) attracted males, and adults of both sexes avoided D-limonene. Feeding bioassays showed that (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and β-ocimene could promote the feeding of B. horsfieldi and that D-limonene inhibited this response. These results could provide a theoretical basis for developing attractants or repellents for B. horsfieldi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Fan
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kaiwen Zheng
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ping Xie
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yifan Dong
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yutong Gu
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (K.Z.); (P.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- A.N. Severstov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Cooperband MF, Wickham JD, Warden ML. Factors Guiding the Orientation of Nymphal Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. Insects 2023; 14:279. [PMID: 36975964 PMCID: PMC10054470 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A mark-release-recapture experiment was conducted to evaluate the orientation of spotted lanternfly (SLF) Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) nymphs when released equidistant between two trees. The experiment was repeated weekly for eight weeks in a heavily infested area with mature tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) planted in rows as ornamental street trees in Beijing, China. One tree in each pair received a methyl salicylate lure, and the lure was rotated between trees every week as it aged. Two additional independent variables for each tree were also analyzed: size and SLF population density. Marked-released SLF significantly chose trees with higher SLF population density over trees with lower density populations, and they also chose larger trees significantly more than smaller trees. Population density and tree size were better predictors of attraction than lures, but when those factors were controlled, SLF significantly chose trees with methyl salicylate lures over control trees for the first 4 weeks of lure life. Wild SLF distribution was assessed weekly, revealing strong aggregation in first and second instars that diminished with development to the third and fourth instars. Thus, nymphal SLF aggregate, and orientation is strongly guided by the presence of other SLF and tree size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F. Cooperband
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Rd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Melissa L. Warden
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
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5
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Deng J, Xu W, Lv G, Yuan H, Zhang QH, Wickham JD, Xu L, Zhang L. Associated bacteria of a pine sawyer beetle confer resistance to entomopathogenic fungi via fungal growth inhibition. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:47. [PMID: 36085246 PMCID: PMC9463743 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana is a popular fungus used to control the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, the key vector of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) that is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, resulting in devastating losses of pines in China and Portugal. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some insect-associated bacteria might decrease fungal toxicity and further undermine its biological control efficacy against M. alternatus. Thus, it is of great significance to uncover whether and how associated bacteria of M. alternatus become involved in the infection process of B. bassiana. RESULTS Here, we show that axenic M. alternatus larvae died significantly faster than non-axenic larvae infected by four increasing concentrations of B. bassiana spores (Log-rank test, P < 0.001). The infection of B. bassiana significantly changed the richness and structure of the beetle-associated bacterial community both on the cuticle and in the guts of M. alternatus; meanwhile, the abundance of Pseudomonas and Serratia bacteria were significantly enriched as shown by qPCR. Furthermore, these two bacteria genera showed a strong inhibitory activity against B. bassiana (One-way ANOVA, P < 0.001) by reducing the fungal conidial germination and growth rather than regulating host immunity. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the role of insect-associated bacteria in the interaction between pest insects and entomopathogenic fungi, which should be taken into consideration when developing microbial-based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundan Deng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guochang Lv
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing-He Zhang
- Sterling International, Inc., Spokane, WA, 99216, USA
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Longwa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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6
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Zhang C, Wickham JD, Zhao L, Sun J. A new bacteria-free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle. Insect Sci 2021; 28:1087-1102. [PMID: 32443173 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite-host interactions; however, the role of bacterial associates in parasite-host interactions requires elucidation. In this study, we showed that, instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria, dispersal of 4th-stage juvenile (JIV ) pinewood nematodes (PWNs), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Ma). JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles' pupal chamber. This was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens; the nematodes' bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans, Diplogasteroides asiaticus, and propagative-stage PWN. The associated bacterium S. marcescens, which was isolated from the beetles' pupal chambers, was unfavorable to Ma, because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into tracheae. In addition, S. marcescens in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN alone. Ma_Galectin2 (MaGal2), a pattern-recognition receptor, was up-regulated following PWN loading. Recombinant MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in vitro. Moreover, MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up-regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression, increased phenoloxidase activity, and decreased PWN loading. Our study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector, and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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8
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Liu ZD, Wickham JD, Sun JH. Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male-male competition in a bark beetle. Insect Sci 2021; 28:203-214. [PMID: 31944573 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning. While much research has documented that size matters, little is known about how the larger male wins. Dendroctonus valens is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females. Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other. Experiments using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95% of contests. Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male competition. Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90% of contests, while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7% of contests. With both males silenced, larger males displaced smaller males in 80% of contests, while smaller males prevailed in 8% of contests. Further experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive sound-emitting males displaced muted males in 67% of contests, yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5% of contests. Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays. Therefore, D. valens males have evolved dual behaviors, fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size, to assess rivals to compete for a partner, gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Zhao M, Wickham JD, Zhao L, Sun J. Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode. Integr Zool 2020; 16:893-907. [PMID: 33264496 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make "decisions" to maximize their fitness. Phenotypic plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival, reproduction, and fitness. The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an invasive nematode species, was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan, China, and Europe; however, few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural model. Here, we demonstrated a novel phenomenon, in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains (JP1, JP2, CN1, CN2, EU1, and EU2), while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains (US1 and US2). The bidirectional effect on fecundity, mediated by presence/absence of pheromones, is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity (PRRP). We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5 (ascr#9), the major pheromone component, plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes, Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10, involved in perceiving asc-C5. These results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following introduction. This opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion, suggesting that pheromones, in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling, can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive isolates. In addition, this novel mechanism could broadly explain, through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals, a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang B, Zhao L, Ning J, Wickham JD, Tian H, Zhang X, Yang M, Wang X, Sun J. miR-31-5p regulates cold acclimation of the wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus via ascaroside signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:184. [PMID: 33246464 PMCID: PMC7697373 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival to cold stress in insects living in temperate environments requires the deployment of strategies that lead to physiological changes involved in freeze tolerance or freeze avoidance. These strategies may consist of, for instance, the induction of metabolic depression, accumulation of cryoprotectants, or the production of antifreeze proteins, however, little is known about the way such mechanisms are regulated and the signals involved in their activation. Ascarosides are signaling molecules usually known to regulate nematode behavior and development, whose expression was recently found to relate to thermal plasticity in the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus. Accumulating evidence also points to miRNAs as another class of regulators differentially expressed in response to cold stress, which are predicted to target genes involved in cold adaptation of insects. Here, we demonstrate a novel pathway involved in insect cold acclimation, through miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function. RESULTS We initially discovered that experimental cold acclimation can enhance the beetle's cold hardiness. Through screening and functional verification, we found miR-31-5p, upregulated under cold stress, significantly contributes to this enhancement. Mechanistically, miR-31-5p promotes production of an ascaroside (asc-C9) in the beetle by negatively targeting the rate-limiting enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomal β-oxidation cycles. Feeding experiments with synthetic asc-C9 suggests it may serve as a signal to promote cold acclimation through metabolic depression and accumulation of cryoprotectants with specific gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to important roles of miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function in insect cold adaptation. This enhanced cold tolerance may allow higher survival of M. alternatus in winter and be pivotal in shaping its wide distribution range, greatly expanding the threat of pine wilt disease, and thus can also inspire the development of ascaroside-based pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haokai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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11
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Liu F, Wickham JD, Cao Q, Lu M, Sun J. An invasive beetle-fungus complex is maintained by fungal nutritional-compensation mediated by bacterial volatiles. ISME J 2020; 14:2829-2842. [PMID: 32814865 PMCID: PMC7784882 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutualisms between symbiotic microbes and animals have been well documented, and nutritional relationships provide the foundation for maintaining beneficial associations. The well-studied mutualism between bark beetles and their fungi has become a classic model system in the study of symbioses. Despite the nutritional competition between bark beetles and beneficial fungi in the same niche due to poor nutritional feeding substrates, bark beetles still maintain mutualistic associations with beneficial fungi over time. The mechanism behind this phenomenon, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens LeConte relies on the symbiotic bacterial volatile ammonia, as a nitrogen source, to regulate carbohydrate metabolism of its mutualistic fungus Leptographium procerum to alleviate nutritional competition, thereby maintaining the stability of the bark beetle–fungus mutualism. Ammonia significantly reduces competition of L. procerum for carbon resources for D. valens larval growth and increases fungal growth. Using stable isotope analysis, we show the fungus breakdown of phloem starch into d-glucose by switching on amylase genes only in the presence of ammonia. Deletion of amylase genes interferes with the conversion of starch to glucose. The acceleration of carbohydrate consumption and the conversion of starch into glucose benefit this invasive beetle–fungus complex. The nutrient consumption–compensation strategy mediated by tripartite beetle–fungus–bacterium aids the maintenance of this invasive mutualism under limited nutritional conditions, exacerbating its invasiveness with this competitive nutritional edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjie Cao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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12
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Li HP, Wickham JD, Bushley K, Wang ZG, Zhang B, Sun JH. New Approaches in Urban Forestry to Minimize Invasive Species Impacts: The Case of Xiongan New Area in China. Insects 2020; 11:insects11050300. [PMID: 32408656 PMCID: PMC7290593 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
China is implementing an extensive urban forestry plan in Xiongan New Area (XNA), a new city in Hebei province. The city has been designated to serve Beijing’s noncapital functions and promote the integration of the broader Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei city-region. As part of a green initiative to minimize environmental impacts and its carbon footprint, a massive urban forestry system has been planned on an unprecedented scale, expected to cover over 600 km2 by 2030. Using science to inform policy, one major goal is to simultaneously minimize impacts of invasive species, while making urban forests more resilient to potential invasive species threats. In this review, we introduce these urban forestry plans such as basic concepts and principles for afforestation, tree species to be planted, delineation of existing pests already established, and expected forest invasive species of concern threatening the new area. Finally, we introduce a framework for invasive pest management strategies in XNA based on a “big data” approach and decision system to minimize impacts of invasive species. This new approach to urban forestry has the potential to become an exemplary global model for urban forestry planning, one that integrates research activities focused on forest health surveys and monitoring with sustainable forestry management. Finally, we provide an overview of the forest health policy required for the design of an unprecedentedly large new urban forest from initial planning to full implementation of an integrated forest management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Forest Protection of Hebei Province, Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.-P.L.); (Z.-G.W.)
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Forest Protection of Hebei Province, Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.-P.L.); (Z.-G.W.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-64807071
| | - Jiang-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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13
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Zhang W, Yu H, Lv Y, Bushley KE, Wickham JD, Gao S, Hu S, Zhao L, Sun J. Gene family expansion of pinewood nematode to detoxify its host defence chemicals. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:940-955. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology Research Institute of Forestry New Technology Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Haiying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kathryn E. Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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14
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15
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Cheng C, Wickham JD, Chen L, Xu D, Lu M, Sun J. Bacterial microbiota protect an invasive bark beetle from a pine defensive compound. Microbiome 2018; 6:132. [PMID: 30053907 PMCID: PMC6064089 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that some devastating biotic invasions are facilitated by microbial symbionts. The red turpentine beetle (RTB), an innocuous secondary insect attacking weakened trees in North America, has formed an invasive complex with the fungus Leptographium procerum in China, and this invasive beetle-fungus symbiotic complex is capable of attacking and killing healthy pines. A previous study demonstrated that three Chinese-resident fungi, newly acquired by RTB in China, induce high levels of a phenolic defensive chemical, naringenin, in pines and this invasive beetle-fungus complex is suppressed by elevated levels of naringenin while the beetle uses its gallery as an external detoxification system in which particular yeast-like fungi and bacterial species biodegrade naringenin. However, the functional roles of key microbial players in the symbiosis, contained within the microbiome of the bark beetle gallery, have not been well elucidated. RESULTS In this report, the symbiotic naringenin-degrading microbiota were found to increase RTB survivorship in the presence of induced host defenses, and potential genes associated with degradation pathways were discovered. While fungi in the gallery microbiota had little involvement in naringenin degradation, bacterial community structure within the beetle gallery was highly correlated to naringenin degrading activity. Phylotypes of the Gram-negative bacterial genus Novosphingobium, which possessed genes involved in degradation pathways, were highly correlated to naringenin degradation activities and RTB associated with an isolated species of this genus acquired protection against naringenin and gained fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that symbiotic bacterial community of RTB galleries enhances the survivorship and overall fitness of invasive beetles by degrading the host phenolic naringenin, ultimately overcoming the tree defenses and facilitating the success of the invasive beetle-fungi complex. This dynamic interplay between the invasive insect pest and multipartite microbes suggests a putative mechanism in invasion ecology for mitigating biotic resistance to symbiotic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, No. 759, East 2nd Road, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Zhao L, Ahmad F, Lu M, Zhang W, Wickham JD, Sun J. Ascarosides Promote the Prevalence of Ophiostomatoid Fungi and an Invasive Pathogenic Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:701-710. [PMID: 30033490 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the coevolution of pathogens and their associated mycoflora depend upon a proper elucidation of the basis of their chemical communication. In the case of pine wilt disease, the mutual interactions between cerambycid beetles, invasive pathogenic nematodes, (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and their symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi provide a unique opportunity to understand the role of small molecules in mediating their chemical communication. Nematodes produce ascarosides, a highly conserved family of small molecules that serve essential functions in nematode biology and ecology. Here we demonstrated that the associated fungi, one of the key natural food resources of pine wood nematodes, can detect and respond to these ascarosides. We found that ascarosides significantly increase the growth of L. pini-densiflorae and Sporothrix sp. 1, which are native fungal species in China that form a symbiotic relationship with pinewood nematodes. Hyphal mass of L. pini-densiflorae increased when treated with asc-C5 compared to other ophiostomatoid species. Field results demonstrated that in forests where higher numbers of PWN were isolated from beetle galleries, L. pini-densiflorae had been prevalent; the same results were confirmed in laboratory studies. Furthermore, when treated with asc-C5, L. pini-densiflorae responded by increasing its production of spores, which leads to a higher likelihood of dispersal by insect vectors, hence explaining the dominance of L. pini-densiflorae over S. sp. 1 in the Tianwang and Nanlu Mountains within the Northern Forestry Centre of China. These findings provide an emphatic representation of coevolution of pine wood nematode and its associated fungi. Our results lay a broader foundation for a better understanding of inter-kingdom mutualisms and the chemical signals that mediate their establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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17
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Cao Q, Wickham JD, Chen L, Ahmad F, Lu M, Sun J. Effect of Oxygen on Verbenone Conversion From cis-Verbenol by Gut Facultative Anaerobes of Dendroctonus valens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:464. [PMID: 29615996 PMCID: PMC5864928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction from North America, Dendroctonus valens LeConte has become a destructive forest pest in China. Although gut aerobic bacteria have been investigated and some are implicated in beetle pheromone production, little is known about the abundance and significance of facultative anaerobic bacteria in beetle gut, especially with regards to effects of oxygen on their role in pheromone production. In this study, we isolated and identified gut bacteria of D. valens adults in an anaerobic environment, and further compared their ability to convert cis-verbenol into verbenone (a multi-functional pheromone of D. valens) under different O2 concentrations. Pantoea conspicua, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Staphylococcus warneri were the most frequently isolated species among the total of 10 species identified from beetle gut in anaerobic conditions. Among all isolated species, nine were capable of cis-verbenol to verbenone conversion, and the conversion efficiency increased with increased oxygen concentration. This O2-mediated conversion of cis-verbenol to verbenone suggests that gut facultative anaerobes of D. valens might play an important role in the frass, where there is higher exposure to oxygen, hence the higher verbenone production. This claim is further supported by distinctly differential oxygen concentrations between gut and frass of D. valens females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Xu T, Yasui H, Teale SA, Fujiwara-Tsujii N, Wickham JD, Fukaya M, Hansen L, Kiriyama S, Hao D, Nakano A, Zhang L, Watanabe T, Tokoro M, Millar JG. Identification of a male-produced sex-aggregation pheromone for a highly invasive cerambycid beetle, Aromia bungii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7330. [PMID: 28779104 PMCID: PMC5544672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The longhorned beetle Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major pest of stone fruit trees in the genus Prunus, including cherries, apricots, and peaches. Its native range includes China, Korea, Mongolia, and eastern Russia, but it has recently invaded and become established in several countries in Europe, and Japan, and it has been intercepted in shipments coming into North America and Australia. Here, we report the identification of its male-produced aggregation pheromone as the novel compound (E)-2-cis-6,7-epoxynonenal. In field trials in its native range in China, and in recently invaded areas of Japan, the pheromone attracted both sexes of the beetle. Thus, the pheromone should find immediate use in worldwide quarantine surveillance efforts to detect the beetle in incoming shipments. The pheromone will also be a crucial tool in ongoing efforts to eradicate the beetle from regions of the world that it has already invaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hiroe Yasui
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Stephen A Teale
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Nao Fujiwara-Tsujii
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Rutgers New Jersey, USA
| | - Midori Fukaya
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Laura Hansen
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Satoshi Kiriyama
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Dejun Hao
- Department of Forest Protection, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Akio Nakano
- Tokushima Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Support Center, Myozai, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Longwa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Tokushima Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Support Center, Myozai, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tokoro
- Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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19
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Wickham JD, Lu W, Zhang LW, Chen Y, Zou Y, Hanks LM, Millar JG. Likely Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of the Invasive Beetle Callidiellum villosulum, and the Related Asian Species Allotraeus asiaticus, Semanotus bifasciatus, and Xylotrechus buqueti (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:2243-2246. [PMID: 27567222 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During field trials of the two known cerambycid beetle pheromone components 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione (henceforth "pyrrole") in Guangxi and Anhui provinces in China, four species in the subfamily Cerambycinae were attracted to lures containing one of the two components, or the blend of the two. Thus, the invasive species Callidiellum villosulum (Fairmaire) (tribe Callidiini) and a second species, Xylotrechus buqueti (Castelnau & Gory) (tribe Clytini), were specifically attracted to the blend of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and the pyrrole. In contrast, Allotreus asiaticus (Schwarzer) (tribe Phoracanthini) and Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (tribe Callidiini) were specifically attracted to the pyrrole as a single component. In most cases, both males and females were attracted, indicating that the compounds are likely to be aggregation-sex pheromones. The results indicate that the two compounds are conserved as pheromone components among species within at least three tribes within the subfamily Cerambycinae. For practical purposes, the attractants could find immediate use in surveillance programs aimed at detecting incursions of these species into new areas of the world, including the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Wickham
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China (; )
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Long-Wa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China (; )
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; )
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; )
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20
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Wickham JD, Lu W, Jin T, Peng Z, Guo D, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Chen Y. Prionic Acid: An Effective Sex Attractant for an Important Pest of Sugarcane, Dorysthenes granulosus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:484-486. [PMID: 26362990 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Male Dorysthenes granulosus (Thomson, 1860) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae) were caught in traps baited with racemic 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid (prionic acid) during field screening trials in China that tested known cerambycid pheromones. This species is an important pest of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). In follow-up dose-response trials, plastic sachets loaded with 1 or 0.1 mg of prionic acid were equally attractive to male beetles, whereas lower doses were no better than controls. Two commercial prionic acid lures also were attractive, suggesting that traps baited with prionic acid can be rapidly incorporated into integrated pest management programs targeting this major pest. It is likely that this compound is a major component of the female-produced sex pheromone of D. granulosus because this species is in the same subfamily as Prionus californicus Motschulsky, 1845, the species from which prionic acid was originally identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Wickham
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, First North St., Haidian District, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China (; ),
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China (; ; )
| | - Zhengqiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China (; ; )
| | - Dongfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China (; ; )
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521 , and
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, First North St., Haidian District, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China (; )
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21
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Wickham JD, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Zou Y, Wong JCH, Harrison RD, Chen Y. 2R,3S)-2,3-Octanediol, a Female-Produced Sex Pheromone of Megopis costipennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae). Environ Entomol 2016; 45:223-228. [PMID: 26590160 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During field screening trials of a number of known cerambycid pheromones in China, males of Megopis costipennis (White) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Callipogonini) were found to be specifically attracted to racemic anti-2,3-octanediol, suggesting that one of the enantiomers of this compound might be a female-produced sex pheromone of this species. Analysis of volatiles produced by beetles of both sexes confirmed this hypothesis: females produced (2R,3S)-2,3-octanediol, whereas males did not, and in coupled gas chromatography–electroantennogram detection analyses, antennae from male beetles responded strongly to this compound. In field trials, males were equally attracted to traps baited with either (2R,3S)-2,3-octanediol or racemic anti-2,3-octanediol, indicating that the enantiomeric (2S,3R)-2,3-octanediol does not antagonize attraction to the naturally produced enantiomer. Thus, the more economical racemic anti-2,3-octanediol can be used for trap baits for this species. Homologous 2,3-hexanediols previously had been identified as sex pheromones or sex attractants of prionine species in the genus Tragosoma Audinet-Serville of the tribe Meroscelisini.
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22
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Wickham JD, Harrison RD, Lu W, Guo Z, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Chen Y. Generic lures attract cerambycid beetles in a tropical montane rain forest in southern China. J Econ Entomol 2014; 107:259-267. [PMID: 24665709 DOI: 10.1603/ec13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The attraction of cerambycid beetles to 10 known cerambycid pheromones was tested in a tropical montane rain forest in southern China. From 28 May to 25 June 2010, 1,526 cerambycids representing 71 species were captured in pheromone-baited traps, with 14 species accounting for 92% of the specimens. Test compounds with a 3-hydroxyalkan-2-one or 2,3-alkanediol motif attracted significant numbers of both sexes for eight species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, including species of Demonax, Rhaphuma, and Xylotrechus. Rhaphuma horsfieldi (White) was the only species that was strongly attracted to more than one test compound, with significant attraction to both (2R*,3R*)-2,3-hexanediol and (2R*,3R*)-2,3-octanediol. Within the Lamiinae, males and females of five species were significantly attracted to 2-(undecyloxy) ethanol, including Acalolepta formosana (Breuning), Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, Pharsalia subgemmata (Thomson), Pseudomacrochenus antennatus (Gahan), and Xenohammus bimaculatus Schwarzer. Only male Megopis costipennis White (Prioninae) were significantly attracted to (2R*,3S*)-2,3-octanediol, suggesting that this compound may be a sex pheromone component for this species. To date, 2,3-octanediols have only been reported as aggregation pheromone components for cerambycids in the subfamily Cerambycinae. Our results support the hypothesis that both closely related (congeners) and more distantly related cerambycid species (different tribes and even subfamilies) may share pheromone components. Our results also demonstrate that traps baited with even a limited number of different classes of pheromones may be useful tools for surveying cerambycid diversity, as well as for detecting and monitoring particular species, especially those that have the potential to be invasive pests in other parts of the world.
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Teale SA, Wickham JD, Zhang F, Su J, Chen Y, Xiao W, Hanks LM, Millar JG. A male-produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major vector of pine wood nematode. J Econ Entomol 2011; 104:1592-1598. [PMID: 22066189 DOI: 10.1603/ec11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an efficient vector of pine wood nematode, the causal pathogen of pine wilt disease, that has resulted in devastating losses of pines in much of Asia. We assessed the response of adult M. alternatus to 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol, the male-produced pheromone of the congeneric M. galloprovincialis Dejean, in field experiments in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Both sexes of M. alternatus were attracted to lures consisting of 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol combined with the host plant volatiles alpha-pinene and ethanol. A follow-up experiment showed that 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol was synergized by both ethanol and alpha-pinene. Coupled gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses of volatiles sampled from field-collected beetles of both sexes revealed that 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol was a sex-specific pheromone component produced only by males. The combination of 2- (undecyloxy) -ethanol with ethanol and/or alpha-pinene will provide a valuable and badly needed tool for quarantine detection, monitoring, and management of M. alternatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Teale
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracus, NY 13210, USA.
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Wickham JD, Jones KB, Riitters KH, O'Neill RV, Tankersley RD, Smith ER, Neale AC, Chaloud DJ. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: An Integrated Environmental Assessment of the US Mid-Atlantic Region. Environ Manage 1999; 24:553-560. [PMID: 10501867 DOI: 10.1007/s002679900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
/ Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. We developed a simple method to provide an integrated assessment of environmental conditions and estimate cumulative impacts across a large region, by combining data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography. The integrated assessment technique identified nine distinct groups of watersheds. Relative cumulative impact scores were highest around major urban centers, but there was not a simple or predictable spatial pattern overall. We also point out the potential applications of this approach that include distinguishing between areas in relatively poor versus good condition, identifying areas that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation, and identifying areas for restoration.KEY WORDS: Cluster analysis; Cumulative impact; Geographic information systems; Landscape ecology; Remote sensinghttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/24n4p553.html</HEA
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Affiliation(s)
- JD Wickham
- US Environmental Protection Agency (MD-56), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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