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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Agarwal A, Schlegel L, Fiorella M, Goldfarb JM, Vimawala S, Gadaleta DJ, Pugliese RS, Ku B, Kearney J, Curry JM, Goldman RA. A novel simulation module for segmental mandibulectomy and mandible reconstruction using 3D models. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103963. [PMID: 37406412 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular resection and reconstruction are common but complex procedures in head and neck surgery. Resection with adequate margins is critical to the success of the procedure but technical training is restricted to real case experience. Here we describe our experience in the development and evaluation of a mandibular resection and reconstruction simulation module. METHODS 3D printed (3DP) models of a mandible with a pathologic lesion were developed from imaging data from a patient with an ameloblastoma. During an educational conference, otolaryngology trainees participated in a simulation in which they reviewed a CT scan of the pathologic mandible and then planned their osteotomies before and after handling a 3DP model demonstrating the lesion. The adequacy of the osteotomy margins was assessed and components of the simulation were rated by participants with pre- and post-training surveys. RESULTS 52 participants met criteria. After reviewing the CT scan, 34 participants (65.3 %) proposed osteotomies clear of the lesion. This proportion improved to 48 (92.3 %, p = 0.001) after handling the 3D model. Among those with initially adequate margins (n = 33), 45.5 % decreased their margins closer to the ideal, 27.2 % made no revision, 21.2 % widened their margins. 92 % of participants found the simulation beneficial for surgical planning and technical training. After the exercise, the majority of participants had increased confidence in conceptualizing the boundaries of the lesion (69.2 %) and their abilities to ablate (76.5 %). CONCLUSIONS The structured mandibulectomy simulation using 3DP models was useful in the development of trainee experience in segmental mandible resection. LAY SUMMARY This study presents the first mandibulectomy simulation module for trainees with the use of 3DP models. The use of a 3DP model was also shown to improve the quality of surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Agarwal
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Lauren Schlegel
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Health Design Lab, USA
| | - Michele Fiorella
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared M Goldfarb
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swar Vimawala
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominick J Gadaleta
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bon Ku
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Health Design Lab, USA
| | - James Kearney
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Goldman
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Martin J, Kearney J, Nestrowitz S, Burke A, Sax van der Weyden M. Effects of load carriage on measures of postural sway in healthy, young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Ergon 2023; 106:103893. [PMID: 36152447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Load carriage (LC) is a contributing factor to musculoskeletal injury in many occupations. Given that falls are a common mechanism of injury for those frequently engaging in LC, understanding the effects of LC on postural stability (PS) is necessary. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine effects of LC on PS. Sixteen and 9 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. In most studies, it was found that LC leads to a decrease in PS with significant effects on center of pressure (COP) sway area (standardized mean difference = 0.45; p < 0.005) and COP anterior-posterior excursion (standardized mean difference = 0.52; p < 0.05). Furthermore, load magnitude and load placement are factors which can significantly affect COP measures of PS. It is recommended to minimize load magnitude and equally distribute load when possible to minimize LC effects on PS. Future research should examine additional factors contributing to differences in individual PS responses to LC such as changes in muscle activation and prior LC experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Virginia, USA.
| | - James Kearney
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Nestrowitz
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Adam Burke
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Megan Sax van der Weyden
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
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Merrigan JJ, Burke AA, Oladipo E, Kearney J, Marks D, Martin JR. Upper body push to pull ratios in law enforcement officer recruits. Work 2022; 73:1167-1174. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Law enforcement recruits (LER) often encounter shoulder injuries, which may cause attrition from academies. Investigating required upper body muscular fitness may inform of muscular balance around shoulder joints through anterior and posterior ratios in LER. OBJECTIVE: To investigate push to pull ratios (P2P) and factors related with P2P in LER. METHODS: LER (95 males; 12 females) completed testing during a single session in the academy’s first week: body mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, push-up repetitions (reps) to failure, and pull-up reps to failure. Calculations were: estimated pull-up 1-RM=body mass+0.033*(body mass x pull-ups); endurance P2P (eP2P)=push-ups / pull-ups; strength P2P (sP2P)=bench press 1RM / estimated pull-up 1-RM. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed relationships among tests and P2P (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The sP2P was positively correlated with bench press 1-RM and push-ups. The eP2P was negatively associated with pull-up reps and 1-RM. Females had similar eP2P, but lower sP2P than male recruits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Practitioners may benefit from examining eP2P and sP2P as they should not be used interchangeably. Future research should examine whether the P2P ratios are associated with injury and subsequent inability to successfully complete law enforcement training academies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Merrigan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Adam A. Burke
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Eddo Oladipo
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - James Kearney
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Marks
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Joel R. Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Ding J, Kearney J, Wang H, Tian T, Rutledge GC, Lin T, Wang X. Competitive Wetting: A New Approach to Prevent Liquid Penetration through Porous Materials with Superior Synergistic Effect. Small 2021; 17:e2103695. [PMID: 34623728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blocking liquid penetration in porous materials is a key function for several applications including chemical protective clothing (CPC), wound healing, and hygiene products. Enormous efforts are made to prevent liquid penetration through porous media by the modification of materials. CPC is used as an example to demonstrate the effect of the synergistic effect on liquid penetration. A common strategy to achieve liquid protection is the use of liquid-repellent surfaces with the aid of a liquid absorption liner layer. However, this strategy demonstrates limited success for low surface energy liquids. Herein, a novel approach is reported to prevent the permeation of liquid across porous materials by a synergistic effect. Both fabrics are individually susceptible to be wetted by low surface tension liquids. However, when they are assembled, they can prevent low surface tension liquids from penetrating because of the wettability gap between the two fabrics. The fabric assembly demonstrates an increase in the liquid prevention capacity by 70-1000 times compared with a commercial CPC material. This novel synergistic effect may offer a breakthrough in the development of various applications including protective clothing baby nappies, hygiene products, food preparation, soil water retention, and sporting/camping/ski equipment and clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - James Kearney
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Tongfei Tian
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Gregory C Rutledge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus. Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Kearney J, Fyock-Martin M, Cortes N, Caswell S, Martin J. Y-BALANCE TEST PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000763348.74434.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Poonia SK, Prasad A, Chorath K, Cannady SB, Kearney J, Ruckenstein M, Rajasekaran K. Resident Safety Huddles: Our Department's Experience in Improving Safety Culture. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E1811-E1815. [PMID: 33438757 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Our department sought to develop a quality improvement initiative in the interest of promoting resident involvement within the departmental safety culture. Specifically, we aimed to identify any barriers to incident reporting among residents and to create an approach to rectify this problem. STUDY DESIGN Patient Safety/Quality Improvement. METHODS This is a descriptive, qualitative study taking place at a large teaching hospital. A brief survey was administered to all Otorhinolaryngology residents and based on feedback a two-pronged approach to creating a patient safety and quality improvement curriculum was undertaken. This entailed implementation of 1) a formalized online curriculum and 2) a resident-driven forum for discussion of safety concerns termed a "Resident Safety Huddle." RESULTS The survey identified three main barriers to incident reporting among residents, including increased workload, the punitive nature of the system, and fear of retribution. During the study period, the residents completed the curriculum required to obtain the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Basic Certificate of Quality and Safety and participated in 10 Resident Safety Huddles. Each huddle was dedicated to discussion of a unique safety concern and frequently led to sustainable solutions. After implementation of this curriculum, an increase in the number of safety events reported by residents was recognized. CONCLUSIONS In building an educational foundation for incident reporting and further bolstering it with a resident-driven forum for discussion of safety concerns, we were able to achieve a recognizable and meaningful impact on our residents and the greater departmental safety culture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 (single descriptive or qualitative study) Laryngoscope, 131:E1811-E1815, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat K Poonia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Aman Prasad
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Kevin Chorath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Steven B Cannady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - James Kearney
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael Ruckenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Palmer R, Layte R, Kearney J. The maternal health behaviours of non-Irish nationals during pregnancy and the effect of time living in Ireland. Public Health 2019; 170:95-102. [PMID: 30981154 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal health behaviours (MHBs) can influence pregnancy outcomes. Despite efforts internationally to encourage positive MHBs, women often fail to comply with pregnancy guidelines. International studies show differences in MHBs between nationalities and an effect of time spent in the host country. There is limited Irish data in this area, with no previous research relating to the effect of time in Ireland. STUDY DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal study. METHODS Examination of the MHBs of non-Irish nationals during pregnancy and the effect of time in Ireland on the said behaviours. RESULTS An association was found between time spent in Ireland and increased alcohol consumption prevalence. Those living in Ireland for ≤5 years were 60.8% less likely to consume alcohol during pregnancy (0.000) and 29.3% less likely to take folic acid before conception (0.021). Those who smoked during pregnancy were 98.6% more likely to consume alcohol (0.000) and those who consumed alcohol were 95.2% more likely to smoke during pregnancy (0.000). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate differences in MHBs and the influence of time living in Ireland. These findings are of relevance for policy and intervention planning to optimise pregnancy outcomes among non-nationals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palmer
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University for Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - R Layte
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J Kearney
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University for Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Faasse K, Yeom B, Parkes B, Kearney J, Petrie KJ. The Influence of Social Modeling, Gender, and Empathy on Treatment Side Effects. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:560-570. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Social modeling has the capacity to shape treatment outcomes, including side effects.
Purpose
This study investigated the influence of social modeling of treatment side effects, gender, and participant empathy, on side effects of a placebo treatment.
Methods
Ninety-six participants (48 females) completed a study purportedly investigating the influence of modafinil (actually placebo) on alertness and fatigue. The participants were randomly seated with a male or female confederate and saw this confederate report experiencing side effects or no side effects. Participant empathy was assessed at baseline. Changes in modeled and general symptoms, and misattribution of symptoms, were assessed during the session and at 24-hr follow-up.
Results
During the experimental session, seeing side effect modeling significantly increased modeled symptoms (p = .023, d = 0.56) but not general or misattributed symptoms. Regardless of modeling condition, female participants seated with a female model reported significantly more general symptoms during the session. However, response to social modeling did not differ significantly by model or participant gender. At follow-up, the effect of social modeling of side effects had generalized to other symptoms, resulting in significantly higher rates of modeled symptoms (p = .023, d = 0.48), general symptoms (p = .013, d = 0.49), and misattributed symptoms (p = .022, d = 0.50). The experience of modeled symptoms in response to social modeling was predicted by participants’ levels of baseline empathy.
Conclusions
Social modeling of symptoms can increase the side effects following treatment, and this effect appears to generalize to a broader range of symptoms and symptom misattribution over time. Higher baseline empathy seems to increase response to social modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Faasse
- The University of Auckland, Department of Psychological Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
- The University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian Yeom
- The University of Auckland, School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bryony Parkes
- The University of Auckland, Department of Psychological Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Kearney
- The University of Auckland, School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith J Petrie
- The University of Auckland, Department of Psychological Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rock KR, Millard S, Seravalli V, McShane C, Kearney J, Seitz E, Baschat AA, Miller JL. Discordant anomalies and karyotype in a monochorionic twin pregnancy: a call for comprehensive genetic evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49:544-545. [PMID: 27255445 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K R Rock
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - S Millard
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - V Seravalli
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - C McShane
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - J Kearney
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - E Seitz
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - A A Baschat
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - J L Miller
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Anur P, Friedman DN, Sklar C, Oeffinger K, Castiel M, Kearney J, Singh B, Prockop SE, Kernan NA, Scaradavou A, Kobos R, Curran K, Ruggiero J, Zakak N, O'Reilly RJ, Boulad F. Late effects in patients with Fanconi anemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from alternative donors. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:938-44. [PMID: 26999465 PMCID: PMC4968886 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative for hematological manifestations of Fanconi anemia (FA). We performed a retrospective analysis of 22 patients with FA and aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia who underwent a HSCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and survived at least 1 year post HSCT. Patients underwent either a TBI- (N=18) or busulfan- (N=4) based cytoreduction followed by T-cell-depleted transplants from alternative donors. Twenty patients were alive at time of the study with a 5- and 10-year overall survival of 100 and 84% and no evidence of chronic GvHD. Among the 18 patients receiving a TBI-based regimen, 11 (61%) had persistent hemochromatosis, 4 (22%) developed hypothyroidism, 7 (39%) had insulin resistance and 5 (27%) developed hypertriglyceridemia after transplant. Eleven of 16 evaluable patients (68%), receiving TBI, developed gonadal dysfunction. Two patients who received a TBI-based regimen died of squamous cell carcinoma. One patient developed hemochromatosis, hypothyroidism and gonadal dysfunction after busulfan-based cytoreduction. TBI appears to be a risk factor for malignant and endocrine late effects in the FA host. Multidisciplinary follow-up of patients with FA (including cancer screening) is essential for early detection and management of late complications, and improving long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anur
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D N Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Sklar
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Oeffinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Castiel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Kearney
- Department of Psychiatry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Singh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S E Prockop
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N A Kernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Scaradavou
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Kobos
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Curran
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Ruggiero
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Zakak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Boulad
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Ghebrehewet S, Thorrington D, Farmer S, Kearney J, Blissett D, McLeod H, Keenan A. The economic cost of measles: Healthcare, public health and societal costs of the 2012-13 outbreak in Merseyside, UK. Vaccine 2016; 34:1823-31. [PMID: 26944712 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable infection that caused large outbreaks in England in 2012 and 2013 in areas which failed to achieve herd protection levels (95%) consistently. We sought to quantify the economic costs associated with the 2012-13 Merseyside measles outbreak, relative to the cost of extending preventative vaccination to secure herd protection. METHODS A costing model based on a critical literature review was developed. A workshop and interviews were held with key stakeholders in the Merseyside outbreak to understand the pathway of a measles case and then quantify healthcare activity and costs for the main NHS providers and public health team incurred during the initial four month period to May 2012. These data were used to model the total costs of the full outbreak to August 2013, comprising those to healthcare providers for patient treatment, public health and societal productivity losses. The modelled total cost of the full outbreak was compared to the cost of extending the preventative vaccination programme to achieve herd protection. FINDINGS The Merseyside outbreak included 2458 reported cases. The estimated cost of the outbreak was £ 4.4m (sensitivity analysis £ 3.9 m to £ 5.2m) comprising 15% (£ 0.7 m) NHS patient treatment costs, 40% (£ 1.8m) public health costs and 44% (£ 2.0m) for societal productivity losses. In comparison, over the previous five years in Cheshire and Merseyside a further 11,793 MMR vaccinations would have been needed to achieve herd protection at an estimated cost of £ 182,909 (4% of the total cost of the measles outbreak). INTERPRETATION Failure to consistently reach MMR uptake levels of 95% across all localities and sectors (achieve herd protection) risks comparatively higher economic costs associated with the containment (including healthcare costs) and implementation of effective public health management of outbreaks. FUNDING Commissioned by the Cheshire and Merseyside Public Health England Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ghebrehewet
- Health Protection Team, Cheshire and Merseyside Public Health England Centre, Public Health England, L1 1JF Liverpool, UK.
| | - Dominic Thorrington
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Siobhan Farmer
- Public Health, Salford City Council, Unity House Civic Centre, Chorley Road, Swinton M27 5AW, UK
| | - James Kearney
- ICF, Watling House, 33 Cannon Street, London EC4M 5SB, UK
| | | | - Hugh McLeod
- Health Economics Unit, School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alex Keenan
- Health Protection Team, Cheshire and Merseyside Public Health England Centre, Public Health England, L1 1JF Liverpool, UK
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Seravalli V, Millard S, Kearney J, Miller JL, Baschat AA. Prenatal ultrasound and Doppler findings of progressing portal hypertension in a fetus with congenital cystic hepatobiliary disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:239-241. [PMID: 26138679 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Seravalli
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 228, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - S Millard
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 228, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - J Kearney
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 228, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - J L Miller
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 228, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - A A Baschat
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson 228, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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15
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DiNapoli M, Truong M, Kostolias A, Johnson D, Kearney J, Burke W. Unsuspected Uterine Sarcoma in an Urban Hospital: Does Surgical Approach Matter? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S58-S59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Gargan ML, Kok HK, Kearney J, Collins R, Coughlan T, O'Neill D, Ryan D, Torreggiani W, Doody O. Added Value of Stroke Protocol MRI Following Negative Initial CT in the Acute Stroke Setting. Ir Med J 2015; 108:302-304. [PMID: 26817286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the added value of stroke protocol MRI following negative initial CT brain in the acute stroke setting. A retrospective study was performed over a 6 month period in a tertiary referral stroke centre. Patients were selected from the stroke and radiology databases. Inclusion criteria: clinical stroke syndrome, negative initial CT with subsequent MRI study with diffusion weighted sequences. Ninety two patients were reviewed and 73 (M:F of 39:34, mean age 62.1 ± 14.0 years) met the inclusion criteria. Twenty MRI studies (27.4%) were positive for acute/subacute ischaemia in the setting of a normal initial CT. The average time interval between initial CT and MRI brain imaging was 4.7 ± 2.6 days. Whilst CT continues to be the first line imaging investigation for acute stroke, MRI has substantial added value following negative initial CT in the diagnosis of stroke.
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Kay AG, Rooney P, Kearney J, Pegg DE. EVALUATION OF DMSO TRANSPORT IN HUMAN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: VEHICLE SOLUTIONS AND EFFECTS ON CELL FUNCTION. Cryo Letters 2015; 36:187-194. [PMID: 26510337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral allografting techniques are limited by the availability of suitable donor tissue; there is an urgent need for effective cryopreservation. A fundamental requirement is the need to establish initial conditions of exposure to cryoprotectant that the chondrocytes will tolerate and that load the tissue with an adequate concentration of cryoprotectant. Three vehicle solutions to transport DMSO into the tissue were studied. Knee joints were obtained from deceased donors with appropriate consent. Whole condyles were treated with 20% w/w DMSO in each of three vehicle solutions and chondrocyte function and tissue CPA content measured. The results showed that exposure to 20% DMSO in each vehicle solution for 2 hours at 0 degrees C was tolerated without loss of GAG synthetic activity. It was observed that penetration of DMSO increased little after 1 hour of CPA exposure at 0 degrees C but the final tissue concentration of CPA was markedly lower than that in the medium.
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18
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MacNeill M, Kearney J, Wallace L, Gibson M, Héroux ME, Kuchta J, Guernsey JR, Wheeler AJ. Quantifying the contribution of ambient and indoor-generated fine particles to indoor air in residential environments. Indoor Air 2014; 24:362-75. [PMID: 24313879 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Indoor fine particles (FPs) are a combination of ambient particles that have infiltrated indoors, and particles that have been generated indoors from activities such as cooking. The objective of this paper was to estimate the infiltration factor (Finf ) and the ambient/non-ambient components of indoor FPs. To do this, continuous measurements were collected indoors and outdoors for seven consecutive days in 50 non-smoking homes in Halifax, Nova Scotia in both summer and winter using DustTrak (TSI Inc) photometers. Additionally, indoor and outdoor gravimetric measurements were made for each 24-h period in each home, using Harvard impactors (HI). A computerized algorithm was developed to remove (censor) peaks due to indoor sources. The censored indoor/outdoor ratio was then used to estimate daily Finfs and to determine the ambient and non-ambient components of total indoor concentrations. Finf estimates in Halifax (daily summer median = 0.80; daily winter median = 0.55) were higher than have been reported in other parts of Canada. In both winter and summer, the majority of FP was of ambient origin (daily winter median = 59%; daily summer median = 84%). Predictors of the non-ambient component included various cooking variables, combustion sources, relative humidity, and factors influencing ventilation. This work highlights the fact that regional factors can influence the contribution of ambient particles to indoor residential concentrations. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Ambient and non-ambient particles have different risk management approaches, composition, and likely toxicity. Therefore, a better understanding of their contribution to the indoor environment is important to manage the health risks associated with fine particles (FPs) effectively. As well, a better understanding of the factors Finf can help improve exposure assessment and contribute to reduced exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M MacNeill
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Vicencio JM, Boi-Doku C, Das D, Sivaraman V, Kearney J, Hall AR, Arjun S, Zheng Y, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. 24 Protecting the Heart at a Distance: Exosomes for nano-sized Cardioprotection. Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305297.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Kearney J. WHAT ARE THE POLICY LEVERS FOR ADVANCE CARE PLANNING UNDER ACTIVITY: BASED FUNDING. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000491.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Kearney J. SHOULD ACP BE SPECIFICALLY FUNDED? BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000491.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Selvaraj P, He D, Boi-Doku C, Kearney J, Yellon R, Davidson S, Yellon D. 253 REMOTE ISCHAEMIC PRECONDITIONING IS MEDIATED VIA THE SDF 1Α/CXCR4 SIGNALLING AXIS. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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O’Sullivan L, Boyle F, Kearney J. A retrospective analysis of synthetic protein prescription in Irish children with phenylketonuria. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01177_32.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Johnston Molloy C, Corish C, Kearney J, Hayes N, Glennon Slattery C. Fluid provision in the Irish full day care pre-school setting. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_18.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Cleary P, Browning L, Coia J, Cowden J, Fox A, Kearney J, Lane C, Mather H, Quigley C, Syed Q, Tubin-Delic D, on behalf of the outbreak control team C. A foodborne outbreak of Salmonella Bareilly in the United Kingdom, 2010. Euro Surveill 2010; 15. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.48.19732-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cleary
- Health Protection Agency North West region (HPA NW), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Browning
- Health Protection Scotland (HPS), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Coia
- Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Cowden
- Health Protection Scotland (HPS), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Fox
- Health Protection Agency Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - J Kearney
- Health Protection Agency East of England region, Witham, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - C Lane
- Health Protection Agency Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections Department (GEZI) - Epidemiological Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Mather
- Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C Quigley
- Health Protection Agency North West region (HPA NW), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Q Syed
- Health Protection Agency North West region (HPA NW), Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Dumble M, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Kim S, Qu Z, Shi V, Kearney J, Greenberger L, Horak I. 53 Down regulation of beta-catenin by a locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide antagonist inhibits tumor growth in experimental models of human cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ziemer C, Plumert J, Cremer J, Kearney J. Perceptual adaptation to environmental scale. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lamagni TL, Efstratiou A, Dennis J, Nair P, Kearney J, George R. Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2008-9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14. [PMID: 19215717 DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.05.19110-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increases in invasive and non-invasive group A streptococcal diseases are currently being seen in the United Kingdom. National enhanced surveillance is being launched to examine the clinical presentations, risk factors, outcome and clustering patterns of cases to further inform public health management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lamagni
- Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Rodrigues B, Bracebridge S, Zambon M, Verlander N, Coetzee N, Sundkvist T, Hoschler K, Roddick I, Kearney J, Nair P. Sero-Epidemiological Results in the Human Population Exposed to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreak in a Large Poultry Farm in the East of England. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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32
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Rooney P, Eagle M, Hogg P, Lomas R, Kearney J. Sterilisation of skin allograft with gamma irradiation. Burns 2008; 34:664-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Morgan O, Verlander NQ, Kennedy F, Moore M, Birch S, Kearney J, Lewthwaite P, Lewis R, O'Brian S, Osman J, Reacher M. Exposures and reported symptoms associated with occupational deployment to the Buncefield fuel depot fire, England 2005. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65:404-11. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2007.035303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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34
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Board TN, Mann J, Rooney P, Eagle M, Hogg P, Kay P, Kearney J. P62 Processing of Whole Femoral Head Allografts: Efficacy and Biological Compatability of a New Procesing Technique. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_62.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Hogg P, Lomas R, Rooney P, Eagle M, Kearney J. P60 Irradiated Skin Allografts: a New Product for Clinical Use? Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_60.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Rooney P, Mann J, Eagle M, Hogg P, Kearney J. P61 Producing a Safer Bone Allograft by Procesing Single Femoral Heads. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_61.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Allen PF, Ulhuq A, Kearney J. Strategic use of a new dental magnet system to retain partial and complete overdentures. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2005; 13:81-6. [PMID: 16011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental management of older adults is becoming increasingly complex. For many, denture wearing difficulties will become a norm, and implant retained prostheses may be beyond their financial resources or unacceptable for other reasons. Patients with limited or no denture wearing experience may not tolerate conventional dentures for functional or psychosocial reasons. Incorporation of Dental Magnets into dentures may be useful for patients with limited ability to tolerate or control removable dentures. This paper reports on the use of the Magfit (Aichi Steel, Nagoya, Japan) system in three patients with differing clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Allen
- University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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38
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Cullen M, Nolan J, Cullen M, Moloney M, Kearney J, Lambe J, Gibney MJ. Effect of high levels of intense sweetener intake in insulin dependent diabetics on the ratio of dietary sugar to fat: a case–control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:1336-41. [PMID: 15054410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of intense sweetener consumption on nutrient intakes in insulin dependent diabetics compared to controls. DESIGN Case-control food consumption survey. SETTING Dietary data were collected from individuals in Ireland between 1998 and 1999. SUBJECTS Diabetics were recruited through diabetic outpatient departments of St. James's Hospital Dublin. Controls were friends of the patients or staff/students of Trinity College and University College Dublin. Of the 171 diabetics contacted, 122 agreed to participate (70% response rate) and 119 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS In all, 3-day food diaries were used to collect the food consumption data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fat--sugar seesaw, intense sweetness. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher % energy from starch, lower % energy from sugars and a high intake of fibre compared to controls. In both groups, there was an inverse relationship between % energy from fat and % en from sugar, with the diabetics at the lower level of sugar intake. A score of intense sweetness intakes was computed and across tertiles of this score, there were no significant effects on macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSION The fat-sugar seesaw present in the diabetic group was at a lower level compared to the control group. A high intake of intense sweeteners does not have a detrimental effect on macronutrient and micronutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cullen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the rationale and methods for a European project (EFCOSUM) to develop a method for a European food consumption survey that delivers internationally comparable data on a set of policy-relevant nutritional indicators. RATIONALE AND METHODS Currently Member States are collecting data and information for use at national level. At an international level, such data are often of limited comparability and of varying quality. To promote the development and exchange of adequate, reliable and comparable indicators of public health, and the structures needed to exchange the relevant data, a programme of Community action on health monitoring was set up for the EU. The objective of the action programme is to contribute to the establishment of a Community Health Monitoring System. Data will be made available to all Member States via a telematic network, which is currently being developed for the Health Monitoring Programme. With regard to nutrition, there is a need for a limited set of policy-relevant dietary indicators that are comparable among EU Member States. In the field of nutrition, however, there is a regrettable lack of internationally comparable data. The project 'European Food Consumption Survey Method' (EFCOSUM) therefore aimed to define a (minimum) set of dietary components which are relevant determinants of health and to define a method for the monitoring of food consumption in nationally representative samples of all age-sex categories in Europe in a comparable way. The project was carried out by 14 Member States as well as nine other European countries. Activities of the project included plenary sessions, desk research, and working group activities, building on existing experience from such projects as DAFNE, EPIC, FLAIR Eurofoods-Enfant project, COST Action 99 and others. The proposed method may be used alone, or as a calibration method to accompany existing ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Brussaard
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
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40
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Brussaard JH, Löwik MRH, Steingrímsdóttir L, Møller A, Kearney J, De Henauw S, Becker W. A European food consumption survey method--conclusions and recommendations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56 Suppl 2:S89-94. [PMID: 12082521 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the general outcome and conclusions of a European project (EFCOSUM); to develop a method for a European food consumption survey that delivers internationally comparable data on a set of policy relevant nutritional indicators. DESIGN AND METHODS The EFCOSUM project was carried out within the framework of the European Health Monitoring Programme by 14 Member States as well as nine other European countries. Activities of the project included plenary sessions, desk research and working group activities, building on existing experience from such projects as DAFNE, EPIC, FLAIR Eurofoods-Enfant project, COST Action 99 and others. All participating states took part in one or more working group activities, which were discussed, adapted and finally approved in plenary sessions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS For a limited number of countries available food consumption data can be made comparable at the food intake level, but not at the nutrient level. To achieve comparability at the food intake level, a considerable amount of work still has to be done. A minimum list of dietary indicators considered to be the most relevant to be collected for the Health information exchange and monitoring system was identified. As the most suitable method to get internationally comparable new data on population means and distributions of actual intake the 24 h recall was selected, to be conducted at least twice. This also allows for the estimation of usual intake by a modelling technique that separates intra- and inter-individual intake. For a number of micronutrients the use of biomarkers is recommended. Aspects of food classification and food composition were discussed thoroughly, as well as statistical and data collection aspects. For the implementation of a pan-European survey the establishment of a European co-ordinating centre is recommended. The standardization of field work work procedures and other aspects of operationalization have been discussed in detail. It is concluded that there is broad European consensus on the most suitable method for a pan-European dietary survey for the purposes of the EU Health Monitoring Programme. It is further concluded that such a pan-European survey is feasible, if the funds are made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Brussaard
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Detection of biological weapons is a primary concern in force protection, treaty verification, and safeguarding civilian populations against domestic terrorism. One great concern is the detection of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Assays for detection in the laboratory often employ inactivated preparations of spores or nonpathogenic simulants. This study uses several common biodetection platforms to detect B. anthracis spores that have been inactivated by two methods and compares those data to detection of spores that have not been inactivated. The data demonstrate that inactivation methods can affect the sensitivity of nucleic acid- and antibody-based assays for the detection of B. anthracis spores. These effects should be taken into consideration when comparing laboratory results to data collected and assayed during field deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dang
- Geo-Centers, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA.
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Martínez-González MA, Varo JJ, Santos JL, De Irala J, Gibney M, Kearney J, Martínez JA. Prevalence of physical activity during leisure time in the European Union. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:1142-6. [PMID: 11445761 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200107000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time in adults from the 15 member states of the European Union and the relationship with sociodemographic variables. METHODS A representative sample, with approximately 1000 adults, aged 15 and upward, was selected from each member state to complete a questionnaire on attitudes to physical activity, body weight, and health by a face-to-face interview, summing a total of 15,239 subjects. The amount of leisure-time physical activity was quantified by assigning metabolic equivalents (METs) to each activity. Multiple linear regression models with MET-h.wk(-1) as the dependent variable were fitted. RESULTS Northern European countries showed higher levels of physical activity than southern ones. The highest prevalence (91.9%) was found in Finland, and the lowest (40.7%) in Portugal. A higher percentage of men practiced any leisure-time physical activity and also showed higher mean of MET-h.wk(-1). In both genders, the multivariate models showed a significant trend to higher leisure time activity in participants with higher educational levels and in nonsmokers. Also, an inverse association between body mass index and leisure-time physical activity was found. CONCLUSION The prevalence of any physical activity during leisure time in the adult European population was similar to the U.S. estimates. Nevertheless, the amount of activity is low, and a wide disparity between countries exists. To our knowledge, this is the first study determining the prevalence and amount of leisure-time physical activity, which is the first step to define strategies to persuade populations to increase their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez-González
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Kearney J, Tanaka S. Historical image. Doctor Jacques Daviel. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1081. [PMID: 11400703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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Kearney J, Tanaka S. Historical image. Care of the handicapped. Guide dogs for the blind. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1103. [PMID: 11400704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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López-Azpiazu I, Martínez-González MA, León-Mateos A, Martínez JA, Kearney J, Gibney M. Sources of information on healthy eating in a Mediterranean country and the level of trust in them: a national sample in a pan-European survey. Rev Med Univ Navarra 2001; 45:14-23. [PMID: 11764695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To know the sources of information and the level of trust in these sources in a population to facilitate the promotion of healthy dietary habits. PATIENTS AND METHODS A national survey was carried out according to an established protocol on a representative sample of 1009 Spanish subjects over 15 years of age selected by a random multietapic procedure. This study belongs to the Spanish partnership in a pan-European Survey about sources of information on healthy eating and their level of trust. The analysis was focussed on the evaluation of the 5 most frequently chosen sources. RESULTS There was a trend towards a greater use and trust in "Health professionals" than other sources. Thus, about 26% of the respondents mentioning "health professionals" as the source of information on healthy eating. However, "TV/radio" (25.7%) was almost so often selected as "Health professionals". About 17.4% of subjects declared that they obtained no information at all on healthy eating. Subjects with university level of studies exhibited a greater mention of "Health professionals", while individuals belonging to higher socio-economic levels preferred "TV/radio". The degree of trust was higher for messages obtained from "Health professionals" (89.9%) and the "Department of Health" (78.7%) and lower for information obtained from "newspaper" (34.2%) and "advertising" (17.6%). CONCLUSION Nutrition and health educators must promote dietary guidelines through the appropriate channels for communicating messages to different targets groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I López-Azpiazu
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona
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Abstract
The human genome contains 10 voltage-gated sodium channel genes, 7 of which are expressed in neurons of the CNS and PNS. The availability of human genome sequences and high-throughput mutation screening methods make it likely that many human disease mutations will be identified in these genes in the near future. Mutations of Scn8a in the mouse demonstrate the broad spectrum of neurological disease that can result from different alleles of the same sodium channel gene. Null mutations of Scn8a produce motor neuron failure, loss of neuromuscular transmission, and lethal paralysis. Less severe mutations result in ataxia, tremor, muscle weakness, and dystonia. The effects of Scn8a mutations on channel properties have been studied in the Xenopus oocyte expression system and in neurons isolated from the mutant mice. The Scn8a mutations provide insight into the mode of inheritance, effect on neuronal sodium currents, and role of modifier genes in sodium channel disease, highlighting the ways in which mouse models of human mutations can be used in the future to understand the pathophysiology of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0618, USA.
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Sánchez-Villegas A, Madrigal H, Martínez-González MA, Kearney J, Gibney MJ, de Irala J, Martínez JA. Perception of body image as indicator of weight status in the European union. J Hum Nutr Diet 2001; 14:93-102. [PMID: 11330266 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2001.00281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with an adequate perception of body image in relation to body weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the European Union (7,155 men and 8,077 women). Body Mass Index (BMI) was grouped into four categories, perceived body image was assessed using the nine silhouettes drawing scheme. A multivariable logistic regression model for each sex was used to adjust for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS Underweight men and women classified themselves better than other groups (92.9% of correct answers among men and 79.3% among women). Overall, women classified themselves better than men (57.6% vs. 32.7%). DISCUSSION Perceived body image as a method of assessment for body weight has different validity depending on sociodemographic or attitudinal categories. Perceived body image as an estimate of the nutritional status has a limited individualized application. Thus, perhaps it could be applied as a proxy measure of adiposity among slim males and among slim and overweight females, but not among the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Villegas
- Dpto. de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
The authors evaluated lead exposure of Canadians (Montreal) who fished the nearby St. Lawrence River. From screening interviews conducted with 1,118 fishers on-site during the winter and fall of 1996, the authors selected 60 Montrealers who consumed at least one sportfish meal per week and 72 who consumed less than one sportfish meal per week. Fishers at the higher level of sportfish consumption had elevated blood lead concentrations, compared with fishers who ate little sportfish (geometric mean = 57.4 microg/l vs. 48.2 microg/l, respectively; p < .05). This result was surprising inasmuch as fish is not considered a significant source of lead. In addition to sportfish consumption, age, sex, occupation, smoking, and waterfowl consumption also showed independent associations with blood lead levels. Among frequent (i.e., > or = 1 meal/wk) consumers of sportfish, ingestion of waterfowl was associated with higher blood lead levels (geometric mean = 69.4 microg/l vs. 51.8 microg/l, respectively; p < .05); this association was not present for infrequent consumers. In multivariate analysis, the association of higher blood lead levels with sportfish consumption could be accounted for in large part by waterfowl consumption among frequent consumers of sportfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kosatsky
- Department of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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McAllister M, Higson D, McIntosh W, O'Leary S, Hargreaves L, Murrell L, Mullen V, Lovell F, Kearney J, Sammon D, Woelders S, Adams T, Davies-Cotter D, Wilson J, O'Brien J. Dissociative identity disorder and the nurse-patient relationship in the acute care setting: an action research study. Aust N Z J Ment Health Nurs 2001; 10:20-32. [PMID: 11421970 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-0979.2001.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an action research study into the acute care experience of Dissociative Identity Disorder. The study, which was grounded in principles of critical social science, utilized focus group interviews and narrative construction. Nurses and patients are under-represented in all clinical evaluation and their voices need to be heard if services are to be truly collaborative. Findings of the study extend intrapsychic theories of trauma to emphasize the interpersonal relationship between nurse and person who can work together to facilitate recovery from trauma, make connections both intra and interpersonally and build resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McAllister
- School of Nursing, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
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Madrigal H, Sánchez-Villegas A, Martínez-González MA, Kearney J, Gibney MJ, Irala J, Martínez JA. Underestimation of body mass index through perceived body image as compared to self-reported body mass index in the European Union. Public Health 2000; 114:468-73. [PMID: 11114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the European Union (7155 men and 8077 women) to calculate the underestimation of body weight as assessed by body image among the overweight and obese population and identify the associated factors to this behavior. Participants were older than 15 years and they were living in the 15 European Union countries. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped into 4 categories using the cutpoints established by the WHO, while perceived body image (PBI) was assessed using a nine-silhouettes drawing. The degree of underestimation between PBI as compared to BMI was identified in overweight and obesity categories of BMI. A multivariable logistic regression model for each gender was used to adjust for potentially confounding variables. Men classified themselves worse than women, being more likely to underestimate their body weight (65.2% of men underestimated their weight vs 32.2% women), regardless of other socioeconomic and attitudinal variables. The greatest degree of underestimation was observed in Mediterranean individuals (68.7% of men and 37.9% of women underestimated their weight). The subjects in the 'maintenance' stage of physical activity tended more often to wrongly select their actual image (71.8% for men and 38.7% for women).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Madrigal
- Instituto Nacional de Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', México
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