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Effects on the Physical Functioning of Two Exercise Interventions in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1774. [PMID: 38730726 PMCID: PMC11083081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the high prevalence of bone destruction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), physical exercise is oftentimes discouraged by healthcare providers. The goal of this prospective trial was to investigate the feasibility of two six-month exercise interventions in patients with MM (N = 42): a remotely prompted home-based walking intervention or a supervised strength training intervention. Physical function and pain were assessed with the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Basic Mobility Short Form raw score, a six-minute walk test (6 MWT), a 30-second sit-to-stand test (30 SST), a timed up-and-go (TUG) test, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, handheld dynamometer tests, heart rate at rest, blood oxygen saturation at rest, and body mass index. No intervention-related serious adverse events were observed. Adverse events mostly affected the musculoskeletal system. In the resistance training group (n = 24), patients showed significant improvements in AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with all effects but the 6 MWT sustained six months after the intervention. The walking group (n = 18) saw improvements in the AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with a sustained change in the AM-PAC and TUG. This trial shows the feasibility of both exercise interventions with a sustained beneficial effect on the physical functioning of a six-month strength training intervention and, to a lesser extent, a six-month unsupervised walking intervention. A larger study building on these findings is currently underway.
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T Cell Exhaustion Markers in Multiple Myeloma Patients are Lower After Physical Activity Intervention. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024:S2152-2650(24)00153-8. [PMID: 38762420 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is compelling evidence that CD4+ and CD8+T cells are dysfunctional in multiple myeloma, compromising their ability to control disease progression. Pre-clinical models suggest that exercise represents a non-pharmacologic means to reduce immune exhaustion, but no studies to date have examined the relationship between an exercise intervention and biomarkers of immune exhaustion in multiple myeloma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current study includes 24 multiple myeloma patients who participated in a six-month physical activity intervention, consisting of supervised strength training (n = 12) and unsupervised home-based walking arms (n = 12). Comprehensive flow cytometry was utilized to assess the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+T cells and subpopulations expressing the markers of exhaustion PD-1, TIGIT, TIM3 and/or LAG3. Ratios of exhausted to non-exhausted cell populations, and percentages of exhausted to total populations of the same lineage, were calculated for the baseline and final timepoints. RESULTS Eighteen of 20 exhaustion measures were lower at the end of the intervention than at baseline, and several were significantly or borderline significantly reduced in the entire sample or in one of the arms. The entire sample saw improvements in the ratios of CD4+ TIGIT+ to non-exhausted CD4+ (0.7 [0.6] to 0.6 [0.4], P = .04) and CD8+ PD1+ to non-exhausted CD8+ (1.8 [2.6] to 1.5 [2.0], P = .06), and in total exhausted CD8+ as a percent of total CD8+ (72.9 [21.9] to 68.3 [19.6], P < .01). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that physical activity induces changes in MM patients' immune systems, potentially rendering a less exhausted T cell state.
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Dietary risk factors for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in a racially diverse population. Blood Adv 2024; 8:538-548. [PMID: 38055924 PMCID: PMC10835229 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma, is associated with shorter lifespan and cardiac, renal, neurologic, and immune-related comorbidities. There is little known about modifiable risk factors for this condition. To determine whether the risk of MGUS is associated with dietary factors in a racially diverse population, we conducted a US population-based case-control study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2004), which included 373 individuals with MGUS and 1406 matched controls. Diet was characterized by one 24-hour dietary recall, with gram intake of individual foods and beverages aggregated into groups. Unconditional multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between intake of several food groups and MGUS, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported for the highest relative to the lowest quantile of intake. Daily gram intake of several food and beverage groups were significantly associated with MGUS. MGUS was inversely associated with whole-grain bread, oats, and rice (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48-1.00; P < .05), fruits (excluding juice) and vegetables (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.93; P = .02), vegetables (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P < .05), tomatoes (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51-1.00; P < .05), and cruciferous vegetables (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.74; P < .01). Direct associations were observed for sugar-sweetened beverages (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.78; P < .05), sugar-sweetened soft drinks (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01-1.96; P = .04), and artificially sweetened soft drinks (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.04-2.33; P = .03). Our study shows that diet is potentially a modifiable risk factor for MGUS.
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Pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and risk of multiple myeloma in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Leukemia 2024; 38:438-441. [PMID: 38158443 PMCID: PMC10919351 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
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Physical Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Monoclonal Plasma Cell Disorders. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1952-1960. [PMID: 37436936 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma cell disorders (PCD) are a group of conditions characterized by disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B lymphocytes. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant type of plasma cell disorders. Improvements in MM survival have led patients and physicians to pursue strategies to improve quality of life for those living longer with this disease. Bone disease and instability associated with MM have made physicians reluctant to recommend physical activity (PA) to this patient population. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and physical and psychosocial patient-reported outcomes in patients with MM and precursor conditions. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design. Questionnaires on PA, demographics, fatigue, distress, and other aspects of quality of life were posted on the HealthTree® Cure Hub website, a patient portal through which individuals with MM and related disorders obtain support, track laboratories and other information about their diseases, and participate in research. RESULTS A total of 794 individuals, including 664 with MM, are included in the current analysis. We observed potential inverse associations between PA and poor quality of life, including problems with sleep, fatigue, neuropathy, distress, and several psychosocial states. On average, patients reported that their PA levels have declined since diagnosis and that they would like to be even more active in the future than they were before their diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In our cross-sectional study, regular PA was associated with multiple quality-of-life indicators and other patient-reported outcomes, including better sleep and less fatigue, neuropathy, and distress. The findings of this study can help guide the design of prospective studies of the role of PA in MM survivorship.
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Pre-Diagnosis Dietary Patterns and Risk of Multiple Myeloma in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.20.23295639. [PMID: 37790335 PMCID: PMC10543062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.23295639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite patient interest in knowing whether diet is linked to multiple myeloma (MM), there is limited research on dietary patterns and MM risk. Two studies have assessed this risk, albeit with a small number of MM cases. The EPIC-Oxford cohort and Oxford Vegetarian study (65 MM cases) showed that fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans had significantly reduced MM risk compared to meat eaters. The Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (478 MM cases) showed a significantly increased MM risk in men with Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern. Methods The NIH-AARP Diet and Health study is a prospective cohort of 567,169 persons who completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1995-1996 and were followed until December 2011. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Healthy Diet Score (HDS), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) and healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI) scores were calculated using a priori defined methods and grouped into quartiles, with higher scores reflecting healthier eating patterns. We prospectively evaluated the association between pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and MM incidence in this cohort. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age at study entry, sex, race, body mass index, education, and total energy intake (by residual method). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess reverse causality by excluding MM cases diagnosed within one year of follow-up. Results Among 392,589 participants (after exclusions), a total of 1,366 MM cases (59% males; 92% non-Hispanic whites) were identified during the follow-up period. Analysis revealed a significant association between hPDI scores and reduced MM risk (highest vs lowest quartile, HR 0.85; 95%CI 0.73-1.0; p=0.043) (Table). In sensitivity analysis (1,302 MM cases), the association was no longer significant (HR 0.87; 95%CI 0.74-1.03; p 0.09) but trended in the same direction. This may be due to small sample size, given MM is a rare disease. HEI-2015, HDS and aMED scores were not associated with MM risk. Conclusions A healthful plant-based diet was associated with reduced MM risk in the NIH-AARP cohort. These results will help oncologists and patients make informed choices about their diet. To our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiologic study to date assessing pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and MM risk.
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Cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 72:101924. [PMID: 33714902 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with limited screening and few modifiable risk factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a modifiable lifestyle behavior, cruciferous vegetable consumption, and pancreatic cancer, both overall and by subgroups based on non-modifiable, established risk factors. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study utilizing data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System (1982-1998) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Buffalo, NY) which included 183 pancreatic cancer patients and 732 cancer-free controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including a 52-item food frequency questionnaire and other epidemiologic data. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, smoking status, total meat, and family history of pancreatic cancer, was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, smoking status, and BMI. RESULTS We observed inverse associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer, with a significant 40% lower odds of pancreatic cancer among subjects consuming >1.5 servings per week (SPW) of raw cruciferous vegetables compared to those consuming less than 0.5 SPW (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). Each additional SPW of total, raw, and cooked cruciferous vegetables was associated with a significant 7-15% lower odds of pancreatic cancer, with the strongest association seen in raw cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.95). We observed inverse associations between raw cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer among people who were overweight, former smokers, and males, ranging from 50% to 59% lower odds. CONCLUSION Consuming cruciferous vegetables, especially raw cruciferous vegetables, is a modifiable lifestyle behavior which may be inversely associated with pancreatic cancer, including among subgroups with other non- or not easily modifiable risk factors for this deadly malignancy.
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Circulating CD14 + HLA-DR lo/- monocytic cells as a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13343. [PMID: 32905653 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Previous studies identified circulating CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cells as an immune suppressive subset in solid malignancies, such as prostate, renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Such monocytic cells have been implicated not only in tumour progression but also as a potential barrier for immunotherapy. This study examined the relationship between the frequency of circulating monocytic cells and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression pre- and post-frontline chemotherapy, defined by disease stage, which is a leading prognostic factor for this malignancy. METHOD OF STUDY Incident cases of 236 women with EOC were recruited and comprehensive flow cytometry was utilized to assess the frequency of peripheral blood CD33+ CD11b+ HLA-DR-/low CD14+ CD15- monocytic cells, henceforth termed CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cells, prior to and after completion of frontline chemotherapy. Multivariable odds ratios (OR) were used to estimate the association between CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cell percentages and disease stage. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests evaluated changes in these monocytic cell levels pre- and post-chemotherapy in a patient subset (n = 70). RESULTS Patients with elevated frequencies of circulating CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cells at diagnosis were at 3.33-fold greater odds of having advanced stage (III/IV) EOC (CI: 1.04-10.64), with a significant trend in increasing CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cell levels (P = .04). There was a 2.02% median decrease of these monocytic cells post-chemotherapy among a subset of patients with advanced stage disease (P < .0001). CONCLUSION These findings support the potential clinical relevance of CD14+ HLA-DRlo/- monocytic cells in EOC for prognosis and may indicate a non-invasive biomarker to measure disease progression.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between pre-diagnostic recreational physical inactivity (RPI) and pancreatic cancer (PC) mortality. METHODS This analysis included 107 patients seen at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center diagnosed with PC between 1989 and 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PC mortality associated with self-reported pre-diagnostic RPI. Models were adjusted for known prognostic factors, including age, sex, stage at diagnosis, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Results were also stratified by sex, BMI, smoking status, histology, and treatment status. RESULTS We observed a significant association between RPI and PC mortality in all patients (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.06-2.79), as well as among overweight or obese patients (HR = 2.74, 95% 95% CI = 1.42-5.29), females (HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.08-6.39), and non-smokers (HR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.02-2.89). CONCLUSION These results suggest that RPI prior to PC diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of death. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to explore whether this association varies across tumor histology.
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Physical inactivity and head and neck cancer mortality. Head Neck 2020; 42:2516-2523. [PMID: 32478442 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to examine the association between adulthood recreational physical inactivity (PIA) and mortality among patients with cancers of the head and neck. METHODS Patients with head and neck cancer at Roswell Park between years 1990 to 1998 were included (N = 305). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the association between PIA and risk of dying. RESULTS There was a 1.40-fold increase in risk of dying among PIA patients, when compared to active patients with head and neck cancers (HR = 1.40, CI: 1.03-1.91). This was observed greater in PIA women (HR = 2.40, CI: 1.28-4.52), patients who were overweight/obese (HR = 1.76, CI: 1.09-2.85), patients with pharynx as the primary site (HR = 1.85, CI: 1.01-3.38), and patients with distant metastasis (HR = 5.19, CI: 1.37-19.65). CONCLUSION Physically inactive patients with head and neck cancers are at significantly greater risk of dying when compared to patients who are active.
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Comparison of the Reveal 20-Hour Method and the BAM Culture Method for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Selected Foods and Environmental Swabs: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/84.3.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four different food types along with environmental swabs were analyzed by the Reveal for E. coli O157:H7 test (Reveal) and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) culture method for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Twenty-seven laboratories representing academia and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Sample types were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels. Of the 1095 samples and controls analyzed and confirmed, 459 were positive and 557 were negative by both methods. No statistical differences (p <0.05) were observed between the Reveal and BAM methods.
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Reveal 8-Hour Test System for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef, Raw Beef Cubes, and Iceberg Lettuce Rinse: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/84.3.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Five different food types were analyzed by the Reveal for E. coli O157:H7 8-Hour Test System (Reveal 8) and either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) culture method or the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) culture method for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 27 laboratories representing academia and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Food types were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels: a high level where predominantly positive results were expected, and a low level where fractional recovery was anticipated. During this study, 1110 samples and controls were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by BAM or FSIS by each of the collaborators (2220 samples in total). For each set of samples, 740 were artificially inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, and 370 were uninoculated controls. The Reveal 8 detected 528 presumptive positives of which 487 were confirmed positive by the BAM culture method. In comparison, BAM and FSIS detected 489 of the 740 artificially contaminated samples as positive. In an additional in-house study performed only on chilled and frozen raw ground beef, 240 artificially inoculated samples were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by FSIS. The Reveal 8 detected and confirmed 104 samples as positive compared to 79 confirmed positive by FSIS.
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Abstract 641: Oral contraceptive use and risk of highly fatal ovarian cancer: Evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: While oral contraceptives (OC) use is associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer compared to non-users, its role in the etiology of aggressive and highly fatal disease has not been determined. Thus, we utilized data from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) to evaluate the association between pre-diagnostic OC use and highly fatal ovarian cancer.
Methods: Data were pooled from 20 case-control studies participating in OCAC to examine the association between oral contraceptive use and risk of highly fatal ovarian cancer; defined as dying within 12 or 18-months of diagnosis. Controls were frequency matched to cases (4:1) on five-year age categories, race, and study site. The study samples included 579 patients who died within 12 months of their diagnosis, matched to 2279 controls as well as 1294 patients who died within 18-months, matched to 5095 controls. Analyses were performed using unconditional logistic regression, and separate models were run for any use of OC and duration of OC use per five year increase. Race, education, prior hysterectomy or tubal ligation, parity, age at menarche, menopausal status, and smoking status were assessed as potential confounders of the association.
Results: After adjusting for age, site, and parity, any OC use was associated with a 46% reduction in the odds of death within 12-months after adjusting for age, site, and parity (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.43-0.68). There was also a significant trend of decreased odds with increased duration of OC use. Among those who used OC for over 10 years, a 66% reduction in the odds of death within 12-months was observed (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.49) while there was no significant benefit from use of OC for 1 year or less (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.60-1.14). Similar trends were observed among those who died within 18-months, although OC use appeared to be more protective among highly fatal cases. Use of OC was most protective for endometrioid subtypes among both those who died within 12-months (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.93) and 18-months (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.23-0.65). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large, multi-center study to investigate the association between OC use and risk of highly fatal ovarian cancer. These results are in line with current evidence that has demonstrated a substantial decrease in risk of ovarian cancer with OC use for five or more years. Future research should aim at understanding the mechanisms behind this association and identifying specific subpopulations that may benefit most from this chemopreventive strategy.
Citation Format: Jennifer M. Mongiovi, Janine M. Joseph, Albina N. Minlikeeva, Ahmad AlSulimani, Hani Almohanna, Kirsten B. Moysich. Oral contraceptive use and risk of highly fatal ovarian cancer: Evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 641.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between regular cruciferous vegetable intake and stomach cancer.Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, NY, which included 292 stomach cancer patients and 1168 cancer-free controls recruited between 1992 and 1998 as part of the Patient Epidemiology Data System (PEDS). Dietary and other epidemiologic and confounding variables were collected by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between usual pre-diagnostic cruciferous vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with adjustment for other stomach cancer risk factors and dietary characteristics.Results: We observed strong inverse associations between stomach cancer and highest versus lowest intakes of total cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.83), raw cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.73), raw broccoli (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.86), raw cauliflower (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.73), and Brussels sprouts (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48-0.91).Conclusions: These data suggest that consuming raw cruciferous vegetables may be associated with a lower odds of stomach cancer, even after considering other dietary characteristics.
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Lifetime physical inactivity is associated with increased risk for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case-control study. Leuk Res 2018; 69:7-11. [PMID: 29609041 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although physical activity is a well-established risk factor for several cancer types, studies evaluating its association with lymphoma have yielded inconclusive results. In such cases where physical activity is not clearly associated with cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner, investigators have begun examining physical inactivity as an independent exposure of interest. METHODS Associations of self-reported, lifetime physical inactivity with risk of developing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were evaluated in a hospital-based case control study using data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. Participants included 87 patients with HL and 236 patients with NHL as well as 348 and 952 cancer-free controls, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were fit to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimating the association between physical inactivity and lymphoma risk. RESULTS We observed significant, positive associations between lifetime recreational physical inactivity and risk of both HL (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15-3.15) and NHL (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.82). CONCLUSIONS The current analysis provides evidence for a positive association between physical inactivity and risk of both HL and NHL. These results add to a growing body of research suggesting that lifetime physical inactivity may be an important independent, modifiable behavioral risk factor for cancer.
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Hereditary association between testicular cancer and familial ovarian cancer: A Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry study. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 53:184-186. [PMID: 29499525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although family history of testicular cancer is well-established as a risk factor for testicular cancer, it is unknown whether family history of ovarian cancer is associated with risk of testicular cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry on 2636 families with multiple cases of ovarian cancer, we systematically compared relative frequencies of ovarian cancer among relatives of men with testicular and non-testicular cancers. RESULTS Thirty-one families with cases of both ovarian and testicular cancer were identified. We observed that, among men with cancer, those with testicular cancer were more likely to have a mother with ovarian cancer than those with non-testicular cancers (OR = 3.32, p = 0.004). Zero paternal grandmothers of men with testicular cancer had ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION These observations provide compelling preliminary evidence for a familial association between ovarian and testicular cancers Future studies should be designed to further investigate this association and evaluate X-linkage.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigations of the independent associations of physical inactivity with cancer endpoints have been mounting in the epidemiological literature, in part due to the high prevalence of physical inactivity among cancer patients and to evidence that inactivity associates with carcinogenesis via pathways independent of obesity. Yet, physical inactivity is not currently recognized as a well-established risk or prognostic factor for lung cancer. As such, we examined the associations of lifetime physical inactivity with lung cancer risk and mortality in a hospital-based, case-control study. PRESENTATION OF CASE Materials and Methods: The analyses included data from 660 lung cancer patients and 1335 matched cancer-free controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the association between lifetime physical inactivity and lung cancer risk, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the association between lifetime physical inactivity and mortality among lung cancer cases.Results: We observed a significant positive association between lifetime physical inactivity and lung cancer risk: [Odds ratio (OR)=2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-2.81]; the association remained significant among never smokers (OR=3.00, 95% CI:1.33-6.78) and non-smokers (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.79-3.02). We also observed a significant positive association between lifetime physical inactivity and lung cancer mortality [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.40, 95% CI: 1.14-1.71]; the association remained significant in non-smokers (HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.16-1.95). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These data add to the body of evidence suggesting that physical inactivity is an independent risk and prognostic factor for cancer. Additional research utilizing prospectively collected data is needed to substantiate the current findings.
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The association of lifetime physical inactivity with head and neck cancer: a hospital-based case-control analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:3773-3780. [PMID: 28780667 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite mounting epidemiological evidence suggesting an inverse association between recreational physical activity and cancer risk, evidence associated with head and neck cancer is scant. We conducted a case-control analysis to examine the associations of lifetime physical inactivity with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We utilized data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI). Participants included 246 patients with HNSCC and 504 cancer-free controls who received medical services at RPCI between 1990 and 1998. Participants were considered physically inactive if they did not participate in any regular, weekly recreational physical activity throughout their lifetime, prior to diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) representing the association between lifetime physical inactivity and HNSCC risk. We observed a significant positive association between recreational physical inactivity and HNSCC risk (OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.87-3.99, p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses by body mass index (BMI) (underweight/normal-weight: OR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.89-6.12, p < 0.001; overweight/obese: OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.43-4.02, p < 0.001) and smoking status (former smoker: OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.89-5.14, p < 0.001; never smoker: OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.21-6.05, p = 0.020; current smoker: OR = 1.61, 95% CI 0.66-3.95, p = 0.300), significant positive associations were also observed. Results of the current analyses suggest that lifetime physical inactivity associates with HNSCC independent of BMI. In addition, physical inactivity may be a modifiable risk factor among never smokers. These data add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that physical inactivity may be an independent risk factor for cancer.
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The association of lifetime physical inactivity with bladder and renal cancer risk: A hospital-based case-control analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 49:24-29. [PMID: 28528291 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recreational physical inactivity has been gaining recognition as an independent epidemiological exposure of interest in relation to cancer endpoints due to evidence suggesting that it may associate with cancer independent of obesity. In the current analyses, we examined the associations of lifetime recreational physical inactivity with renal and bladder cancer risk. METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, we identified N=160 renal cancer patients, N=208 bladder cancer patients, and N=766 age frequency-matched controls without cancer. Participants self-reporting never participating in any regular/weekly recreational physical activity throughout their lifetime were classified as physically inactive. Utilizing unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses, we estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to represent the associations between lifetime physical inactivity and renal and bladder cancer risk. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression models, we observed significant positive associations between lifetime recreational physical inactivity and renal cancer and bladder cancer risk: odds ratio=1.77 (95% CI: 1.10-2.85) and odds ratio=1.73 (95% CI: 1.13-2.63), respectively. Similar associations also persisted among individuals who were not obese for both renal and bladder cancer: odds ratio=1.75 (95% CI: 1.03-2.98) and odds ratio=1.70 (95% CI: 1.08-2.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study, we observed evidence of a positive association between renal and bladder cancer with lifetime recreational physical inactivity. These data add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that physical inactivity may be an important independent risk factor for cancer. However, additional studies using a larger sample and prospectively collected data are needed to substantiate the current findings.
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A direct electron detector for time-resolved MeV electron microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:033702. [PMID: 28372435 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of direct electron detectors enabled the structural biology revolution of cryogenic electron microscopy. Direct electron detectors are now expected to have a similarly dramatic impact on time-resolved MeV electron microscopy, particularly by enabling both spatial and temporal jitter correction. Here we report on the commissioning of a direct electron detector for time-resolved MeV electron microscopy. The direct electron detector demonstrated MeV single electron sensitivity and is capable of recording megapixel images at 180 Hz. The detector has a 15-bit dynamic range, better than 30-μm spatial resolution and less than 20 analogue-to-digital converter count RMS pixel noise. The unique capabilities of the direct electron detector and the data analysis required to take advantage of these capabilities are presented. The technical challenges associated with generating and processing large amounts of data are also discussed.
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No Evidence That Genetic Variation in the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Pathway Influences Ovarian Cancer Survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:420-424. [PMID: 27677730 PMCID: PMC5500198 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The precise mechanism by which the immune system is adversely affected in cancer patients remains poorly understood, but the accumulation of immunosuppressive/protumorigenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is thought to be a prominent mechanism contributing to immunologic tolerance of malignant cells in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To this end, we hypothesized genetic variation in MDSC pathway genes would be associated with survival after EOC diagnoses.Methods: We measured the hazard of death due to EOC within 10 years of diagnosis, overall and by invasive subtype, attributable to SNPs in 24 genes relevant in the MDSC pathway in 10,751 women diagnosed with invasive EOC. Versatile Gene-based Association Study and the admixture likelihood method were used to test gene and pathway associations with survival.Results: We did not identify individual SNPs that were significantly associated with survival after correction for multiple testing (P < 3.5 × 10-5), nor did we identify significant associations between the MDSC pathway overall, or the 24 individual genes and EOC survival.Conclusions: In this well-powered analysis, we observed no evidence that inherited variations in MDSC-associated SNPs, individual genes, or the collective genetic pathway contributed to EOC survival outcomes.Impact: Common inherited variation in genes relevant to MDSCs was not associated with survival in women diagnosed with invasive EOC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 420-4. ©2016 AACR.
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Assessment of variation in immunosuppressive pathway genes reveals TGFBR2 to be associated with risk of clear cell ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69097-69110. [PMID: 27533245 PMCID: PMC5340115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 12/31/1969] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, are mediators of immunosuppression in cancer, and, thus, variants in genes encoding Treg cell immune molecules could be associated with ovarian cancer. METHODS In a population of 15,596 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases and 23,236 controls, we measured genetic associations of 1,351 SNPs in Treg cell pathway genes with odds of ovarian cancer and tested pathway and gene-level associations, overall and by histotype, for the 25 genes, using the admixture likelihood (AML) method. The most significant single SNP associations were tested for correlation with expression levels in 44 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS The most significant global associations for all genes in the pathway were seen in endometrioid ( p = 0.082) and clear cell ( p = 0.083), with the most significant gene level association seen with TGFBR2 ( p = 0.001) and clear cell EOC. Gene associations with histotypes at p < 0.05 included: IL12 ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, serous and high-grade serous, respectively), IL8RA ( p = 0.035, endometrioid and mucinous), LGALS1 ( p = 0.03, mucinous), STAT5B ( p = 0.022, clear cell), TGFBR1 ( p = 0.021 endometrioid) and TGFBR2 ( p = 0.017 and p = 0.025, endometrioid and mucinous, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Common inherited gene variation in Treg cell pathways shows some evidence of germline genetic contribution to odds of EOC that varies by histologic subtype and may be associated with mRNA expression of immune-complex receptor in EOC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/immunology
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genotype
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Risk Factors
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Recreational physical inactivity and mortality in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:95-101. [PMID: 27299959 PMCID: PMC4931371 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about modifiable behaviours that may be associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival. We conducted a pooled analysis of 12 studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium to investigate the association between pre-diagnostic physical inactivity and mortality. Methods: Participants included 6806 women with a primary diagnosis of invasive EOC. In accordance with the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, women reporting no regular, weekly recreational physical activity were classified as inactive. We utilised Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) representing the associations of inactivity with mortality censored at 5 years. Results: In multivariate analysis, inactive women had significantly higher mortality risks, with (HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.18–1.52) and without (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33) further adjustment for residual disease, respectively. Conclusion: In this large pooled analysis, lack of recreational physical activity was associated with increased mortality among women with invasive EOC.
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Radiation-induced formation of Co3O4 nanoparticles from Co(2+)(aq): probing the kinetics using radical scavengers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24138-50. [PMID: 26314616 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the Co(2+) content and different radical scavengers on the kinetics of γ-radiation-induced Co3O4 nanoparticle formation and growth were investigated. There are four distinct stages of particle formation with different oxidation rates. Scavengers and [Co(2+)]0 affect the oxidation kinetics in the different stages and consequently the final size of the particles formed. Radiolysis model calculations were performed to obtain the time-evolution of the concentrations of key oxidants and reductants, and the effect of scavengers on those concentrations. Based on the model results and experimental data a reaction mechanism for Co3O4 particle formation by γ-irradiation of solutions containing Co(2+)(aq) is proposed. The main cobalt oxidation reaction changes with time. Oxidation of Co(2+)(aq) to Co(3+)(aq) by radiolytically produced ˙OH occurs first in the solution phase. This is followed by spontaneous co-precipitation of mixed Co(II)/Co(III) hydroxide nucleate particles. Adsorption of Co(II)(ad) followed by surface oxidation of Co(II)(ad) to CoOOH(ad) by H2O2 grows particles with a solid CoOOH(s) phase. In parallel, the solid-state transformation of CoOOH(s) and Co(II)(ad) to form Co3O4(s) occurs.
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Limits on neutrino emission from gamma-ray bursts with the 40 string IceCube detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:141101. [PMID: 21561178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
IceCube has become the first neutrino telescope with a sensitivity below the TeV neutrino flux predicted from gamma-ray bursts if gamma-ray bursts are responsible for the observed cosmic-ray flux above 10(18) eV. Two separate analyses using the half-complete IceCube detector, one a dedicated search for neutrinos from pγ interactions in the prompt phase of the gamma-ray burst fireball and the other a generic search for any neutrino emission from these sources over a wide range of energies and emission times, produced no evidence for neutrino emission, excluding prevailing models at 90% confidence.
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26
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A superconducting transformer system for high current cable testing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:035107. [PMID: 20370213 DOI: 10.1063/1.3340888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a direct-current (dc) superconducting transformer system for the high current test of superconducting cables. The transformer consists of a core-free 10,464 turn primary solenoid which is enclosed by a 6.5 turn secondary. The transformer is designed to deliver a 50 kA dc secondary current at a dc primary current of about 50 A. The secondary current is measured inductively using two toroidal-wound Rogowski coils. The Rogowski coil signal is digitally integrated, resulting in a voltage signal that is proportional to the secondary current. This voltage signal is used to control the secondary current using a feedback loop which automatically compensates for resistive losses in the splices to the superconducting cable samples that are connected to the secondary. The system has been commissioned up to 28 kA secondary current. The reproducibility in the secondary current measurement is better than 0.05% for the relevant current range up to 25 kA. The drift in the secondary current, which results from drift in the digital integrator, is estimated to be below 0.5 A/min. The system's performance is further demonstrated through a voltage-current measurement on a superconducting cable sample at 11 T background magnetic field. The superconducting transformer system enables fast, high resolution, economic, and safe tests of the critical current of superconducting cable samples.
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27
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Pseudo Chediak Higashi inclusions in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47:81-2. [PMID: 20071802 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.58871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Extending the search for neutrino point sources with IceCube above the horizon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:221102. [PMID: 20366087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Point source searches with the IceCube neutrino telescope have been restricted to one hemisphere, due to the exclusive selection of upward going events as a way of rejecting the atmospheric muon background. We show that the region above the horizon can be included by suppressing the background through energy-sensitive cuts. This improves the sensitivity above PeV energies, previously not accessible for declinations of more than a few degrees below the horizon due to the absorption of neutrinos in Earth. We present results based on data collected with 22 strings of IceCube, extending its field of view and energy reach for point source searches. No significant excess above the atmospheric background is observed in a sky scan and in tests of source candidates. Upper limits are reported, which for the first time cover point sources in the southern sky up to EeV energies.
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29
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Limits on a muon flux from neutralino annihilations in the sun with the IceCube 22-string detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:201302. [PMID: 19519015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for muon neutrinos from neutralino annihilations in the Sun has been performed with the IceCube 22-string neutrino detector using data collected in 104.3 days of live time in 2007. No excess over the expected atmospheric background has been observed. Upper limits have been obtained on the annihilation rate of captured neutralinos in the Sun and converted to limits on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) proton cross sections for WIMP masses in the range 250-5000 GeV. These results are the most stringent limits to date on neutralino annihilation in the Sun.
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Abstract
A 16-month-old boy presented with a story of stridor, solid dysphagia and a history of spectacular protrusion underneath his tongue which was mistaken by the parents for a snake's tongue! The radiological examinations showed a filling defect of the upper and middle third esophagus which compressed the cervical trachea. This was found to be an intraluminal tubular esophageal duplication. Treatment by cervicotomy and unusual histological facts are presented.
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31
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[Renal tumors in children]. REVUE MEDICALE SUISSE 2007; 3:360-2, 364-5. [PMID: 17370735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Limits on the high-energy gamma and neutrino fluxes from the SGR 1806-20 giant flare of 27 December 2004 with the AMANDA-II detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:221101. [PMID: 17155787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
On 27 December 2004, a giant gamma flare from the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater 1806-20 saturated many satellite gamma-ray detectors, being the brightest transient event ever observed in the Galaxy. AMANDA-II was used to search for down-going muons indicative of high-energy gammas and/or neutrinos from this object. The data revealed no significant signal, so upper limits (at 90% C.L.) on the normalization constant were set: 0.05(0.5) TeV-1 m;{-2} s;{-1} for gamma=-1.47 (-2) in the gamma flux and 0.4(6.1) TeV-1 m;{-2} s;{-1} for gamma=-1.47 (-2) in the high-energy neutrino flux.
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Persistent inhibition of FLIP(L) expression by lentiviral small hairpin RNA delivery restores death-receptor-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Apoptosis 2006; 11:255-63. [PMID: 16502263 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-3435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma represents the most common and deadly solid tumour of childhood, which disparate biological and clinical behaviour can be explained by differential regulation of apoptosis. To understand mechanisms underlying death resistance in neuroblastoma cells, we developed small hairpin of RNA produced by lentiviral vectors as tools to selectively interfere with FLIP(L), a major negative regulator of death receptor-induced apoptosis. Such tools revealed highly efficient in interfering with FLIP(L) expression and function as they almost completely repressed endogenous and/or exogenously overexpressed FLIP(L) protein and fully reversed FLIP(L)-mediated TRAIL resistance. Moreover, interference with endogenous FLIP(L) and FLIP(S) significantly restored FasL sensitivity in SH-EP neuroblastoma cell line. These results reveal the ability of lentivirus-mediated shRNAs to specifically and persistently interfere with FLIP expression and support involvement of FLIP in the regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Combining such tools with other therapeutic modalities may improve treatment of resistant tumours such as neuroblastoma.
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[Neuroblastoma]. REVUE MEDICALE SUISSE 2006; 2:999-1004. [PMID: 16686334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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35
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Abstract
Bilateral fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma is a rare variant of Wilms' Tumor. The authors report the evolution over 48 months of a 10-month-old baby with bilateral nephroblastoma for which a left nephrectomy was initially performed. A right kidney tumor was enucleated preserving the kidney. The transformation of the primary tumor into a completely differentiated cystic nephroblastoma or nephromalike tumor and the appearance of a metachronous lesion was seen. This report emphasizes the role of nephron-sparing surgery in bilateral Wilms' Tumor when a benign transformation occurs under chemotherapy.
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Photochemical production of hydroxyl radical from aqueous iron(III)-hydroxy complex: determination of its reaction rate constants with some substituted benzenes using deoxyribose-thiobartituric acid assay. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2001; 73:243-247. [PMID: 11563385 DOI: 10.2175/106143001x139236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (OH) production, mediated by UV light, from aqueous ferric perchlorate was investigated at low pH using a deoxyribose-thiobarbituric acid (-TBA) assay. The rate of production of OH was found to be dependent on the irradiation time. Addition of suitable substrates such as substituted benzenes can compete for the reaction of OH with deoxyribose, leading to a decreased yield of TBA chromogen formed from the deoxyribose-TBA assay. The second-order rate constants of the added substrates can be determined from such a simple competition kinetic method. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of OH with a number of substituted benzenes were determined using this method and the values were compared with the reported rate constants using pulse radiolysis technique. The values determined using the present method (1 to 8 x 10(9) dm3/mols) are in good agreement with those reported by use of the pulse radiolysis technique. It is proposed that the photoproduction of OH from aqueous ferric perchlorate coupled with deoxyribose-TBA assay is a simple and efficient method for determination of rate constants for the reaction of OH with a variety of substituted benzenes that are known to be organic water contaminants.
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Abstract
Isolated phlebitis of the gastrointestinal tract is rare and potentially life threatening. We report on a patient who developed peritonitis, requiring emergency laparotomy, total colectomy, and ileostomy because of colon necrosis. The specimen displayed multiple ulcerations and erosions. Histology showed a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate of small-sized and middle-sized veins in the submucosa and subserosa, associated with granulomas and foci of vein wall necrosis. Arteries were spared. No local recurrence or systemic vasculitis developed during a follow-up period of two years. Isolated granulomatous phlebitis seems to be self-limited, and its cause is unknown. Surgical resection of the diseased intestine is usually curative.
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Oxidative degradation of triazine derivatives in aqueous medium: a radiation and photochemical study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:3704-3709. [PMID: 10956174 DOI: 10.1021/jf991025o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulse and steady state radiolysis techniques have been used to determine the bimolecular rate constants and to investigate the spectral nature of the intermediates and the degradation induced by hydroxyl radicals ((*)OH) with 1,3,5-triazine (T), 2,4, 6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TMT), and 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3, 5-triazine (DHT) in aqueous medium. A competitive kinetic method with KSCN as the (*)OH scavenger was used to determine the rate constants for the reaction of (*)OH with T, TMT, and DHT. The bimolecular rate constants are 3.4 x 10(9), 2.06 x 10(8), and 1.61 x 10(9) dm(3) mol(-)(1) s(-)(1) respectively, for T, TMT, and DHT at pH approximately 6. The transient absorption spectra obtained from the reaction of (*)OH with T, TMT, and DHT have single absorption maxima at 320, 300, and 300 nm, respectively, and were found to undergo a second-order decay. The formation of TOH(*) [C(6)OH-N(5)-yl radical], TMTOH(*) [N(5)OH-C(6)-yl radical], and DHT(*) [C(6)-yl radical] is proposed from the initial attack of (*)OH with T, TMT, and DHT, respectively. A complete degradation of TMT (10(-3) mol dm(-3)) was obtained after absorbed doses of 5 kGy in N(2)O-saturated solutions and 16 kGy in aerated solutions. A similar degradation pattern was obtained with DHT in N(2)O-saturated solutions. Complete degradation was observed with an absorbed dose of 7 kGy. On the basis of the results from both pulse and steady state radiolysis, a possible reaction mechanism involving (*)OH-mediated oxidative degradation is proposed. A complete photodecomposition of DHT was also observed in the presence of ferric perchlorate using ultraviolet light at low pH. Photoinduced electron transfer between Fe(III) and DHT in the Fe(III)-DHT complex and subsequent formation of DHT(*) are proposed to be the major processes that lead to the complete degradation of DHT at pH 3.
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Effects of norepinephrine on the distribution of intestinal blood flow and tissue adenosine triphosphate content in endotoxic shock. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2500-6. [PMID: 10921585 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200007000-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate, during endotoxic shock, the effect of a treatment of norepinephrine (NE) administration on the distribution of blood flow and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the intestinal wall. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Domestic pigs. INTERVENTION A total of 18 pigs were anesthetized with ketamine and pentobarbital, mechanically ventilated, hemodynamically monitored, and then challenged with a continuous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (ET) (15 microg/kg) for 2 hrs. Three groups of six animals were studied; one served as time control, one group received ET and fluid resuscitation, and a third group received ET, fluid resuscitation, and a perfusion of NE to maintain constant mean arterial pressure (MAP). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cardiac output, mesenteric arterial blood flow, MAP, pulmonary pressure, and portal pressure were measured. Intestinal mucosal intracellular pH (pHi) was determined with saline-filled balloon tonometers. Tissue blood flows to the intestinal mucosa and to the muscular layer were independently measured with fluorescent microspheres, using the arterial reference sample method. Measurements were performed before and 3 hrs after the start of the ET challenge. At the end of the experiments, muscularis and mucosal samples were quickly frozen for further enzymatic ATP measurements. ET administration with fluid resuscitation induced a distributive shock with increased mucosal blood flow and decreased muscularis blood flow, whereas pHi decreased and mucosal ATP content was significantly lower than in the control group. In the group receiving ET plus NE, MAP remained constant, mucosal blood flow did not increase, and mucosal ATP content was equal to the time control group. Meanwhile, mucosal acidosis was not prevented. CONCLUSIONS Normodynamic endotoxic shock may induce an alteration in mucosal oxygenation, despite an increased tissue blood flow. A treatment of NE combined with fluid resuscitation has complex effects on tissue blood flow, ATP content, and pHi.
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Restoration of cognitive and motor functions by ciliary neurotrophic factor in a primate model of Huntington's disease. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:1177-87. [PMID: 10834619 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050015220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disorder characterized by cognitive impairments, motor deficits, and progressive dementia. These symptoms result from progressive neurodegenerative changes mainly affecting the neostriatum. This pathology is fatal in 10 to 20 years and there is currently no treatment for HD. Early in the course of the disease, initial clinical manifestations are due to striatal neuronal dysfunction, which is later followed by massive neuronal death. A major therapeutic objective is therefore to reverse striatal dysfunction prior to cell death. Using a primate model reproducing the clinical features and the progressive neuronal degeneration typical of HD, we tested the therapeutic effects of direct intrastriatal infusion of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). To achieve a continuous delivery of CNTF over the full period of evaluation, we took advantage of the macroencapsulation technique. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells previously engineered to produce human CNTF were encapsulated into semipermeable membranes and implanted bilaterally into striata. We show here that intracerebral delivery of low doses of CNTF at the onset of symptoms not only protects neurons from degeneration but also restores neostriatal functions. CNTF-treated primates recovered, in particular, cognitive and motor functions dependent on the anatomofunctional integrity of frontostriatal pathways that were distinctively altered in this HD model. These results support the hypothesis that CNTF infusion into the striatum of HD patients not only could block the degeneration of neurons but also alleviated motor and cognitive symptoms associated with persistent neuronal dysfunction.
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Determination of rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with some purines and pyrimidines using sunlight. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 42:115-24. [PMID: 10737217 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(99)00054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight mediated hydroxyl radical production from aqueous ferric perchlorate at low pH has been investigated using deoxyribose-thiobarbituric acid assay. The rate of production of hydroxyl radical was found to be dependent on the time of irradiation. Hydroxyl radical scavengers can compete with deoxyribose for hydroxyl radicals produced in the system leading to a decreased yield of thiobarbituric acid chromogen. The second-order rate constants of the added scavengers can be determined using a simple competition kinetic method. The rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radical with a number of purine and pyrimidine derivatives were determined using this method. The rate constants obtained (1-7 x 10(9) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1)) were found to be in good agreement with those reported using pulse radiolysis technique. The rate constants of dimethyluracil, xanthosine, amino and methyl substituted pyrimidines, cytidine monophosphate and uridine monophosphate were also determined by this method. It is proposed that sunlight mediated production of hydroxyl radical coupled with deoxyribose-thiobarbituric acid assay is a simple and efficient method for the determination of rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radical with a wide range of biomolecules.
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PCR confirmation of microchimerism and diagnosis of graft versus host disease after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2000; 12:468-70. [PMID: 10654361 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Salmonella wernigerode infection--report of the first human cases in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:700. [PMID: 10530482 DOI: 10.1086/598669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Keeping PACE (programs of all-inclusive care for the elderly) with legal issues. PROVIDER (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 1998; 24:61-2. [PMID: 10181663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
Intergenerational transmission of war experiences was assessed using a modified Stroop task. Adult children of war veterans and those of nonveterans named the colors in which war related words were printed. They also named the colors of neutral, positive, and OCD related words in addition to color naming a series of zeros contained on a control card. All participants completed the MMPI-II PTSD Scale, the Impact of Event Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. A statistically significant difference between the children of veterans and nonveterans was found only on the Stroop card containing war related words. Results suggest that the modified Stroop task is a sensitive measure that may have value in assessing transmission of war experiences from parents to children.
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A gene therapy approach for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1997; 42:929-31. [PMID: 9328050 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Surveillance for variant strains of HIV: subtype G and group O HIV-1. JAMA 1997; 278:292. [PMID: 9228433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chest X-ray mass. Postgrad Med J 1997; 73:339-40. [PMID: 9246333 PMCID: PMC2431340 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.73.860.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Central nervous system delivery of recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor by polymer encapsulated differentiated C2C12 myoblasts. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:2135-46. [PMID: 8934227 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.17-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors hold promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Intrathecal transplantation of polymer encapsulated cell lines genetically engineered to release neurotrophic factors provides a means to deliver them continuously behind the blood-brain barrier. Long-term delivery, however, may benefit from the use of conditionally mitotic cells to avoid the overgrowth observed with continuously dividing cell lines. Myoblast lines have all the advantages of dividing cell lines, i.e., unlimited availability, possibility for in vitro screening for the presence of pathogens, suitability for stable gene transfer and clonal selection. Furthermore they can be differentiated into a nonmitotic stage upon exposure to low-serum-containing medium. In this study, mouse C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with a pNUT expression vector containing the human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene. hCNTF expression and bioactivity were demonstrated by Northern blot, ELISA assay, and measurement of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in embryonic spinal cord motor neuron cultures. One C2C12 clone was found to secrete 200 ng of CNTF/10(6) cells per day. The rate of secretion of hCNTF was not altered upon differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assay indicated that approximately 12% of the myoblasts continue to divide after 4 days in low-serum-containing medium. The presence of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene (HSV-tk) in the expression vector, however, provides a way to eliminate these dividing myoblasts upon exposure to ganciclovir, therefore increasing the safety of the encapsulation technology using established cell lines. Encapsulated hCNTF-C2C12 cells can partially rescue motor neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. In adult rats, intrathecal implantation of encapsulated hCNTF-C2C12 cells or control C2C12 confirmed the long-term survival of these cells and their potential use as a source of neurotophic factors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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