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Joyce PI, Fratta P, Landman AS, Mcgoldrick P, Wackerhage H, Groves M, Busam BS, Galino J, Corrochano S, Beskina OA, Esapa C, Ryder E, Carter S, Stewart M, Codner G, Hilton H, Teboul L, Tucker J, Lionikas A, Estabel J, Ramirez-Solis R, White JK, Brandner S, Plagnol V, Bennet DLH, Abramov AY, Greensmith L, Fisher EMC, Acevedo-Arozena A. Deficiency of the zinc finger protein ZFP106 causes motor and sensory neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:291-307. [PMID: 26604141 PMCID: PMC4706115 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger motifs are distributed amongst many eukaryotic protein families, directing nucleic acid–protein and protein–protein interactions. Zinc finger protein 106 (ZFP106) has previously been associated with roles in immune response, muscle differentiation, testes development and DNA damage, although little is known about its specific function. To further investigate the function of ZFP106, we performed an in-depth characterization of Zfp106 deficient mice (Zfp106−/−), and we report a novel role for ZFP106 in motor and sensory neuronal maintenance and survival. Zfp106−/− mice develop severe motor abnormalities, major deficits in muscle strength and histopathological changes in muscle. Intriguingly, despite being highly expressed throughout the central nervous system, Zfp106−/− mice undergo selective motor and sensory neuronal and axonal degeneration specific to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Neurodegeneration does not occur during development of Zfp106−/− mice, suggesting that ZFP106 is likely required for the maintenance of mature peripheral motor and sensory neurons. Analysis of embryonic Zfp106−/− motor neurons revealed deficits in mitochondrial function, with an inhibition of Complex I within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Our results highlight a vital role for ZFP106 in sensory and motor neuron maintenance and reveal a novel player in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Joyce
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Philip Mcgoldrick
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Michael Groves
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Jorge Galino
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Olga A Beskina
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Edward Ryder
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah Carter
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Gemma Codner
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Helen Hilton
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jennifer Tucker
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Jeanne Estabel
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK and
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK and
| | - Jacqueline K White
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK and
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - David L H Bennet
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK,
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- UCL Institute of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK,
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Tuck E, Estabel J, Oellrich A, Maguire AK, Adissu HA, Souter L, Siragher E, Lillistone C, Green AL, Wardle-Jones H, Carragher DM, Karp NA, Smedley D, Adams NC, Bussell JN, Adams DJ, Ramírez-Solis R, Steel KP, Galli A, White JK. A gene expression resource generated by genome-wide lacZ profiling in the mouse. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1467-78. [PMID: 26398943 PMCID: PMC4631787 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the expression profile of a gene is a critical piece of information required to build an understanding of the normal and essential functions of that gene and any role it may play in the development or progression of disease. High-throughput, large-scale efforts are on-going internationally to characterise reporter-tagged knockout mouse lines. As part of that effort, we report an open access adult mouse expression resource, in which the expression profile of 424 genes has been assessed in up to 47 different organs, tissues and sub-structures using a lacZ reporter gene. Many specific and informative expression patterns were noted. Expression was most commonly observed in the testis and brain and was most restricted in white adipose tissue and mammary gland. Over half of the assessed genes presented with an absent or localised expression pattern (categorised as 0-10 positive structures). A link between complexity of expression profile and viability of homozygous null animals was observed; inactivation of genes expressed in ≥ 21 structures was more likely to result in reduced viability by postnatal day 14 compared with more restricted expression profiles. For validation purposes, this mouse expression resource was compared with Bgee, a federated composite of RNA-based expression data sets. Strong agreement was observed, indicating a high degree of specificity in our data. Furthermore, there were 1207 observations of expression of a particular gene in an anatomical structure where Bgee had no data, indicating a large amount of novelty in our data set. Examples of expression data corroborating and extending genotype-phenotype associations and supporting disease gene candidacy are presented to demonstrate the potential of this powerful resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tuck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jeanne Estabel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anika Oellrich
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Hibret A Adissu
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7
| | - Luke Souter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emma Siragher
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Angela L Green
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Natasha A Karp
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Niels C Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - James N Bussell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Karen P Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Liakath-Ali K, Vancollie VE, Heath E, Smedley DP, Estabel J, Sunter D, Ditommaso T, White JK, Ramirez-Solis R, Smyth I, Steel KP, Watt FM. Novel skin phenotypes revealed by a genome-wide mouse reverse genetic screen. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3540. [PMID: 24721909 PMCID: PMC3996542 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent stop-and-shop large-scale mouse mutant resources provide an excellent platform to decipher tissue phenogenomics. Here we analyse skin from 538 knockout mouse mutants generated by the Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project. We optimize immunolabelling of tail epidermal wholemounts to allow systematic annotation of hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal abnormalities using ontology terms from the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology. Of the 50 mutants with an epidermal phenotype, 9 map to human genetic conditions with skin abnormalities. Some mutant genes are expressed in the skin, whereas others are not, indicating systemic effects. One phenotype is affected by diet and several are incompletely penetrant. In-depth analysis of three mutants, Krt76, Myo5a (a model of human Griscelli syndrome) and Mysm1, provides validation of the screen. Our study is the first large-scale genome-wide tissue phenotype screen from the International Knockout Mouse Consortium and provides an open access resource for the scientific community. Large-scale efforts are put into the generation of knockout mutant mice for many individual genes. Here, the authors systematically screen skin from 538 mutant mice and identify 50 mutants with epidermal phenotypes, of which 9 are also associated with human skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- 1] Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK [2] Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK [3] Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Valerie E Vancollie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emma Heath
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Damian P Smedley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jeanne Estabel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Sunter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tia Ditommaso
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [2] Present address: Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline K White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Ian Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Karen P Steel
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Adissu HA, Estabel J, Sunter D, Tuck E, Hooks Y, Carragher DM, Clarke K, Karp NA, Newbigging S, Jones N, Morikawa L, White JK, McKerlie C. Histopathology reveals correlative and unique phenotypes in a high-throughput mouse phenotyping screen. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:515-24. [PMID: 24652767 PMCID: PMC4007403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mouse Genetics Project (MGP) at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute aims to generate and phenotype over 800 genetically modified mouse lines over the next 5 years to gain a better understanding of mammalian gene function and provide an invaluable resource to the scientific community for follow-up studies. Phenotyping includes the generation of a standardized biobank of paraffin-embedded tissues for each mouse line, but histopathology is not routinely performed. In collaboration with the Pathology Core of the Centre for Modeling Human Disease (CMHD) we report the utility of histopathology in a high-throughput primary phenotyping screen. Histopathology was assessed in an unbiased selection of 50 mouse lines with (n=30) or without (n=20) clinical phenotypes detected by the standard MGP primary phenotyping screen. Our findings revealed that histopathology added correlating morphological data in 19 of 30 lines (63.3%) in which the primary screen detected a phenotype. In addition, seven of the 50 lines (14%) presented significant histopathology findings that were not associated with or predicted by the standard primary screen. Three of these seven lines had no clinical phenotype detected by the standard primary screen. Incidental and strain-associated background lesions were present in all mutant lines with good concordance to wild-type controls. These findings demonstrate the complementary and unique contribution of histopathology to high-throughput primary phenotyping of mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibret A Adissu
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
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5
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White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP. Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes. Cell 2013; 154:452-64. [PMID: 23870131 PMCID: PMC3717207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in whole organisms are powerful ways of interrogating gene function in a realistic context. We describe a program, the Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project, that provides a step toward the aim of knocking out all genes and screening each line for a broad range of traits. We found that hitherto unpublished genes were as likely to reveal phenotypes as known genes, suggesting that novel genes represent a rich resource for investigating the molecular basis of disease. We found many unexpected phenotypes detected only because we screened for them, emphasizing the value of screening all mutants for a wide range of traits. Haploinsufficiency and pleiotropy were both surprisingly common. Forty-two percent of genes were essential for viability, and these were less likely to have a paralog and more likely to contribute to a protein complex than other genes. Phenotypic data and more than 900 mutants are openly available for further analysis. PaperClip
Large openly available resource of targeted mouse mutants and phenotypic data Screen for broad range of disease features and traits Many novel phenotypes suggest functions for both studied and unstudied genes Haploinsufficiency and pleiotropy are common
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6
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Simon MM, Greenaway S, White JK, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Wells S, Sorg T, Wong K, Bedu E, Cartwright EJ, Dacquin R, Djebali S, Estabel J, Graw J, Ingham NJ, Jackson IJ, Lengeling A, Mandillo S, Marvel J, Meziane H, Preitner F, Puk O, Roux M, Adams DJ, Atkins S, Ayadi A, Becker L, Blake A, Brooker D, Cater H, Champy MF, Combe R, Danecek P, di Fenza A, Gates H, Gerdin AK, Golini E, Hancock JM, Hans W, Hölter SM, Hough T, Jurdic P, Keane TM, Morgan H, Müller W, Neff F, Nicholson G, Pasche B, Roberson LA, Rozman J, Sanderson M, Santos L, Selloum M, Shannon C, Southwell A, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Vancollie VE, Westerberg H, Wurst W, Zi M, Yalcin B, Ramirez-Solis R, Steel KP, Mallon AM, de Angelis MH, Herault Y, Brown SDM. A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R82. [PMID: 23902802 PMCID: PMC4053787 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mouse inbred line C57BL/6J is widely used in mouse genetics and its genome has been incorporated into many genetic reference populations. More recently large initiatives such as the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) are using the C57BL/6N mouse strain to generate null alleles for all mouse genes. Hence both strains are now widely used in mouse genetics studies. Here we perform a comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of the two strains to identify differences that may influence their underlying genetic mechanisms. RESULTS We undertake genome sequence comparisons of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N to identify SNPs, indels and structural variants, with a focus on identifying all coding variants. We annotate 34 SNPs and 2 indels that distinguish C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N coding sequences, as well as 15 structural variants that overlap a gene. In parallel we assess the comparative phenotypes of the two inbred lines utilizing the EMPReSSslim phenotyping pipeline, a broad based assessment encompassing diverse biological systems. We perform additional secondary phenotyping assessments to explore other phenotype domains and to elaborate phenotype differences identified in the primary assessment. We uncover significant phenotypic differences between the two lines, replicated across multiple centers, in a number of physiological, biochemical and behavioral systems. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N demonstrates a range of phenotypic differences that have the potential to impact upon penetrance and expressivity of mutational effects in these strains. Moreover, the sequence variants we identify provide a set of candidate genes for the phenotypic differences observed between the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Simon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jacqueline K White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Tania Sorg
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Kim Wong
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elodie Bedu
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, MN13 9PT, UK
| | - Romain Dacquin
- AniRA ImmOs phenotyping facility- SFR Biosciences Lyon Gerland- UMS3444/US8, 21 avenue Tony Garnier F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- AniRA ImmOs phenotyping facility- SFR Biosciences Lyon Gerland- UMS3444/US8, 21 avenue Tony Garnier F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jeanne Estabel
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jochen Graw
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Neil J Ingham
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andreas Lengeling
- Infection and Immunity Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Institute, Via E.Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scala, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- AniRA ImmOs phenotyping facility- SFR Biosciences Lyon Gerland- UMS3444/US8, 21 avenue Tony Garnier F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Preitner
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Oliver Puk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Michel Roux
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - David J Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah Atkins
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Abdel Ayadi
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Lore Becker
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Andrew Blake
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Debra Brooker
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Heather Cater
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Marie-France Champy
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Roy Combe
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Petr Danecek
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Armida di Fenza
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Hilary Gates
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Anna-Karin Gerdin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Institute, Via E.Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scala, Italy
| | - John M Hancock
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Tertius Hough
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- AniRA ImmOs phenotyping facility- SFR Biosciences Lyon Gerland- UMS3444/US8, 21 avenue Tony Garnier F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas M Keane
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hugh Morgan
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, MN13 9PT, UK
| | - Frauke Neff
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - George Nicholson
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Bastian Pasche
- Mouse Metabolic Facility of the Cardiomet Center, University Hospital, and Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura-Anne Roberson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jan Rozman
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Mark Sanderson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luis Santos
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Carl Shannon
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anne Southwell
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Institute, Via E.Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scala, Italy
| | - Valerie E Vancollie
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
- Chair for Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, Munich, 80333, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, Munich, 80804, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Schillerstrasse 44, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Min Zi
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, MN13 9PT, UK
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS/MCI, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Steve DM Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell Science Campus, OX11 0RD, UK
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Basel-Vanagaite L, Dallapiccola B, Ramirez-Solis R, Segref A, Thiele H, Edwards A, Arends M, Miró X, White J, Désir J, Abramowicz M, Dentici M, Lepri F, Hofmann K, Har-Zahav A, Ryder E, Karp N, Estabel J, Gerdin AK, Podrini C, Ingham N, Altmüller J, Nürnberg G, Frommolt P, Abdelhak S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Konen O, Kelley R, Shohat M, Nürnberg P, Flint J, Steel K, Hoppe T, Kubisch C, Adams D, Borck G. Deficiency for the ubiquitin ligase UBE3B in a blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23200864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment as exemplified by Angelman syndrome, which is caused by genetic alterations of the ubiquitin ligase-encoding UBE3A gene. Although the function of UBE3A has been widely studied, little is known about its paralog UBE3B. By using exome and capillary sequencing, we here identify biallelic UBE3B mutations in four patients from three unrelated families presenting an autosomal-recessive blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual-disability syndrome characterized by developmental delay, growth retardation with a small head circumference, facial dysmorphisms, and low cholesterol levels. UBE3B encodes an uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin ligase. The identified UBE3B variants include one frameshift and two splice-site mutations as well as a missense substitution affecting the highly conserved HECT domain. Disruption of mouse Ube3b leads to reduced viability and recapitulates key aspects of the human disorder, such as reduced weight and brain size and a downregulation of cholesterol synthesis. We establish that the probable Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of UBE3B, oxi-1, functions in the ubiquitin/proteasome system in vivo and is especially required under oxidative stress conditions. Our data reveal the pleiotropic effects of UBE3B deficiency and reinforce the physiological importance of ubiquitination in neuronal development and function in mammals.
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McIntyre RE, Lakshminarasimhan Chavali P, Ismail O, Carragher DM, Sanchez-Andrade G, Forment JV, Fu B, Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera M, Edwards A, van der Weyden L, Yang F, Ramirez-Solis R, Estabel J, Gallagher FA, Logan DW, Arends MJ, Tsang SH, Mahajan VB, Scudamore CL, White JK, Jackson SP, Gergely F, Adams DJ. Disruption of mouse Cenpj, a regulator of centriole biogenesis, phenocopies Seckel syndrome. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003022. [PMID: 23166506 PMCID: PMC3499256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the centromere protein J gene, CENPJ (CPAP, MCPH6, SCKL4), which is a highly conserved and ubiquitiously expressed centrosomal protein, has been associated with primary microcephaly and the microcephalic primordial dwarfism disorder Seckel syndrome. The mechanism by which disruption of CENPJ causes the proportionate, primordial growth failure that is characteristic of Seckel syndrome is unknown. By generating a hypomorphic allele of Cenpj, we have developed a mouse (Cenpj(tm/tm)) that recapitulates many of the clinical features of Seckel syndrome, including intrauterine dwarfism, microcephaly with memory impairment, ossification defects, and ocular and skeletal abnormalities, thus providing clear confirmation that specific mutations of CENPJ can cause Seckel syndrome. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased levels of DNA damage and apoptosis throughout Cenpj(tm/tm) embryos and adult mice showed an elevated frequency of micronucleus induction, suggesting that Cenpj-deficiency results in genomic instability. Notably, however, genomic instability was not the result of defective ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling, as is the case for the majority of genes associated with Seckel syndrome. Instead, Cenpj(tm/tm) embryonic fibroblasts exhibited irregular centriole and centrosome numbers and mono- and multipolar spindles, and many were near-tetraploid with numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities when compared to passage-matched wild-type cells. Increased cell death due to mitotic failure during embryonic development is likely to contribute to the proportionate dwarfism that is associated with CENPJ-Seckel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. McIntyre
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Pavithra Lakshminarasimhan Chavali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ozama Ismail
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Damian M. Carragher
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Josep V. Forment
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne Estabel
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darren W. Logan
- Genetics of Instinctive Behaviour, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vinit B. Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline K. White
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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9
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Nijnik A, Clare S, Hale C, Chen J, Raisen C, Mottram L, Lucas M, Estabel J, Ryder E, Adissu H, Adams NC, Ramirez-Solis R, White JK, Steel KP, Dougan G, Hancock REW. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter Spns2 in immune system function. J Immunol 2012; 189:102-11. [PMID: 22664872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is lipid messenger involved in the regulation of embryonic development, immune system functions, and many other physiological processes. However, the mechanisms of S1P transport across cellular membranes remain poorly understood, with several ATP-binding cassette family members and the spinster 2 (Spns2) member of the major facilitator superfamily known to mediate S1P transport in cell culture. Spns2 was also shown to control S1P activities in zebrafish in vivo and to play a critical role in zebrafish cardiovascular development. However, the in vivo roles of Spns2 in mammals and its involvement in the different S1P-dependent physiological processes have not been investigated. In this study, we characterized Spns2-null mouse line carrying the Spns2(tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi) allele (Spns2(tm1a)). The Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) animals were viable, indicating a divergence in Spns2 function from its zebrafish ortholog. However, the immunological phenotype of the Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) mice closely mimicked the phenotypes of partial S1P deficiency and impaired S1P-dependent lymphocyte trafficking, with a depletion of lymphocytes in circulation, an increase in mature single-positive T cells in the thymus, and a selective reduction in mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Spns2 activity in the nonhematopoietic cells was critical for normal lymphocyte development and localization. Overall, Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) resulted in impaired humoral immune responses to immunization. This study thus demonstrated a physiological role for Spns2 in mammalian immune system functions but not in cardiovascular development. Other components of the S1P signaling network are investigated as drug targets for immunosuppressive therapy, but the selective action of Spns2 may present an advantage in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Nijnik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
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Barka-Dahane Z, Bendjelloul M, Estabel J, Exbrayat JM. The distribution of vasotocin and mesotocin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei of the Saharan herbivorous lizard, Uromastix acanthinurus Bell, 1825 (Sauria-Agamidae). Histol Histopathol 2009; 25:159-75. [PMID: 20017103 DOI: 10.14670/hh-25.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
An immunohistochemical study of the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei was performed in the hypothalamus of the desert lizard Uromastix acanthinurus using polyclonal antibodies against arginine vasotocin (AVT), mesotocin (MST) and neurophysins I and II (NpI, NpII). AVT- and MST-immunoreactivities were localized in individual neurons of the supraoptic, periventricular, and paraventricular nuclei and in scattered neurosecretory cells. The supraoptic nuclei (SONs) can be subdivided into rostral, medial and caudal portions. The rostral portion of the SONs was called the SON-ventral aggregation (V SON) because the neurosecretory neurons are present in the ventral part of the hypothalamus along the optic chiasma (OC). Their perikarya and fibres were only AVT-ir. The medial part of the SONs was constituted of two clusters of neurosecretory neurons located in the two lateral ends of the OC to form the SON-lateral aggregations (L SON). In the caudal end of the last one, some MST-ir perikarya appeared. The caudal part of the SONs was constituted of a dorso-lateral aggregation (D SON) of ir-neurons spreading over the lateral forebrain bundle (LFB). AVT- and MST- perikarya were observed in this caudal portion of the SONs, AVT-ir neurons being more numerous. AVTergic and MSTergic magnocellular neurons were present in the periventricular nuclei (PeVNs). Parvocellular and magnocellular AVT- and MST-ir were observed in the paraventricular nuclei (PVNs). The fibres emerging from the magnocellular neurons which belong to these nuclei and the scattered cells ran along the hypothalamic floor and entered the median eminence (ME) to end in the neural lobe of hypophysis. As a rule, immunoreactivity was also observed in all the regions of the forebrain with vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic perikarya and fibres. The immunoreactive distribution was similar to that described in other reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Barka-Dahane
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Neurobiology team, El Alia, Alger, Algéria
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Estabel J, Mercer A, König N, Exbrayat JM. Programmed cell death in Xenopus laevis spinal cord, tail and other tissues, prior to, and during, metamorphosis. Life Sci 2003; 73:3297-306. [PMID: 14561534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is necessary for the shaping and remodelling of nervous and non-nervous tissues during development. Amphibia, whose body undergoes profound modifications during metamorphosis, are particularly useful models for studying the relationship between cell death in muscles and other non-nervous tissues on the one hand, and in the nervous system connected with these tissues on the other hand. We checked the occurrence of apoptotic cells (identified by TUNEL labelling) in different organs and regions from hatching (stages 35-36) to climax (stages 63-64) in the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis. Some organs (e.g., skin and digestive tract) contained apoptotic cells during the entire period studied. In transitory organs (cement gland and gills), a single wave of cell death occurred during the regression of these tissues. In order to compare the timing of cell death in the spinal cord with that of tail regression, we counted the number of TUNEL-positive cells in spinal cord sections taken from animals between stages 54 and 64. Three-dimensional reconstructions using confocal microscopy of vibratome slices immunostained for the detection of c-Jun-like protein accumulated in the cytoplasm of apoptotic cells showed numerous cells at various degrees of degeneration. Many of these cells still presented the morphological characteristics of neurones. The peak of apoptosis was found at stage 58, preceding tail regression. This suggests that neural cell death is not a consequence but rather an element upstream in the chain of events leading to tail degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Estabel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Générale, Université Catholique de Lyon, 25 rue du Plat, 69288 LyonCedex 02, France
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König N, Poluch S, Estabel J, Durand M, Drian MJ, Exbrayat JM. Synaptic and non-synaptic AMPA receptors permeable to calcium. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 86:1-17. [PMID: 11430460 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.86.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors permeable to calcium have been considered to be either non-existent or as "atypical". There is now ample evidence that these receptors exist in numerous regions of the nervous system and in many neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell populations. This evidence has been accumulated by several methods, including electrophysiological recording, calcium imaging and cobalt-loading. Functional AMPA receptors permeable to calcium are already expressed at very early stages of embryonic development, well before the onset of synaptogenesis. They are probably involved in the paracrine signaling necessary for construction of the nervous system before becoming involved in synaptic transmission. In immature cells, cyclothiazide strongly increases the steady-state level of responses not only to AMPA, but also to kainate. Ingestion, during pregnancy, of food or drug substances that can cross the placental barrier and act upon the embryonic receptors may constitute a risk for normal development. In the adult nervous system, synaptic as well as non-synaptic (paracrine) AMPA receptors permeable to calcium are probably widely expressed in both glial and neuronal cells. They may also participate in controlling some aspects related to adult neurogenesis, in particular the migration of newly formed neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N König
- EPHE Quantitative Cell Biology and INSERM U 336, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Glutamate receptors have been studied extensively in mammals but less explored in lower vertebrates. These receptors are present in amphibians. Using a recent method based upon agonist-induced cobalt uptake, we were able to detect the presence of functional alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors permeable to divalent cations in tadpoles and in adults. The uptake specificity was checked by co-application of an antagonist. We studied the distribution of receptor-bearing cells in the principal brain regions. The distribution was similar in the two species studied: Rana esculenta (green frog) and Bufo bufo (common toad). The high number of cobalt-positive cells suggests that the AMPA/kainate receptors permeable to divalent cations play an important role in the anuran nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Estabel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Générale, Université Catholique de Lyon, France
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Paillot R, Estabel J, Exbrayat JM. Organes hématopoïétiques et cellules sanguines chez Typhlonectes compressicaudus et Typhlonectes natans (Amphibien, Gymnophione). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.3406/linly.1997.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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