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Ho AC, Schechet SA, Mathai M, Reddy S, Elman MJ, Garfinkel RA, Ladd B, Wagner AL, Sanborn GE, Jacobs JH, Busquets MA, Chew EY. The Predictive Value of False-Positive ForeseeHome Alerts in the ALOFT Study. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7:196-198. [PMID: 36280205 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen C Ho
- Wills Eye Hospital/Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Byron Ladd
- Virginia Eye Institute, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Mathai M, Reddy S, Elman MJ, Garfinkel RA, Ladd B, Wagner AL, Sanborn GE, Jacobs JH, Busquets MA, Chew EY. Analysis of the Long-term Visual Outcomes of ForeseeHome Remote Telemonitoring: The ALOFT Study. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:922-929. [PMID: 35483614 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate long-term visual acuity (VA) and performance of a monitoring strategy with a self-operated artificial-intelligence-enabled home monitoring system in conjunction with standard care for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). DESIGN Retrospective review. SUBJECTS Patients with dry-age-related macular degeneration from 5 referral clinics. METHODS Clinical data of patients monitored with ForeseeHome (FSH) device from August 2010 to July 2020 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity at baseline, VA at diagnosis of nAMD for eyes that converted while monitored, and VA from the final study follow-up, weekly frequency of use, duration of monitoring, modality of conversion diagnosis (system alert vs. detection by other standard care means), and duration and number of treatments since conversion to final study follow-up were collected. RESULTS We reviewed 3334 eyes of 2123 patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 74(8) years, monitored for a mean (SD) duration of 3.1 (2.4) years, with a total of 1 706 433 tests in 10 474 eye-monitoring years. The mean (SD) weekly use per patient was 5.2 (3.4), and it was persistent over the usage period. Two hundred eighty-five eyes converted while monitored at an annual rate of 2.72% and were treated with a mean (SD) 17.3 (16.5) injections over a mean (SD) 2.7 (2.0) years, with 6.4 (3.1) injections per year for eyes treated for > 1 year. The median VAs at baseline and at final follow-up for eyes that did not convert were 20/27 and 20/34 with a median change of 0.0 letters. The median VAs at baseline, conversion, and final follow-up for eyes that converted during the monitoring period were 20/30, 20/39, and 20/32 with a median change from baseline to conversion, baseline to recent, and conversion to recent of -4, -4, and 0 letters, respectively. Fifty-two percent of conversions detected had a system alert before conversion. Forty-eight percent of patients were detected by symptoms or routine visit. Patients experienced a non-nAMD alert on average every 4.6 years. At conversion and at final follow-up, the proportion (95% CI) of eyes that maintained ≥ 20/40 was 84% (78% to 88%) and 82% (76% to 86%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients in the FSH monitoring program showed excellent long-term VA years after conversion to nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byron Ladd
- Virginia Eye Institute, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alan L Wagner
- Wagner Macula & Retina Center, Virginia Beach, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ho AC, Heier JS, Holekamp NM, Garfinkel RA, Ladd B, Awh CC, Singh RP, Sanborn GE, Jacobs JH, Elman MJ, Loewenstein A, Eichenbaum DA. Real-World Performance of a Self-Operated Home Monitoring System for Early Detection of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071355. [PMID: 33806058 PMCID: PMC8036735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The real-world performance of a home telemonitoring strategy (ForeseeHome AMD Monitoring System®, Notal Vision, Inc.,Manassas VA, USA) was evaluated and compared to the device arm of the AREDS2-HOME study among patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) who converted to neovascular AMD (nAMD). All patients with confirmed conversion to nAMD who used the home monitoring system from 10/2009 through 9/2018 were identified by Notal Vision Diagnostic Clinic’s medical records. Selected outcome variables were evaluated, including visual acuity (VA) at baseline and at conversion, and change in visual acuity (VA) from baseline to time of conversion. In total, 8991 patients performed 3,200,999 tests at a frequency of 5.6 ± 3.2 times/week. The 306 eyes that converted from iAMD to nAMD over the study period (a 2.7% annual rate) were included in the analyses. There was a median (interquartile range) change of −3.0 (0.0–(−10.0)) letters among converted eyes, 81% [95% confidence interval (72–88%)] maintained a VA ≥ 20/40 at the time of conversion, while 69% of the conversion detections were triggered by system alerts. The real-world performance of an at-home testing strategy was similar to that reported for the device arm of the AREDS2-HOME study. The home telemonitoring system can markedly increase early detection of conversion to nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C. Ho
- Wills Eye Hospital, 840 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Jeffrey S. Heier
- Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, 50 Staniford St., Ste. 600, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Nancy M. Holekamp
- Pepose Vision Institute, 1815 Clarkson Road, Chesterfield, MO 63124, USA;
| | | | - Byron Ladd
- Virginia Eye Institute, 6946 Forest Ave Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23230, USA;
| | - Carl C. Awh
- Tennessee Retina, 345 23rd Avenue North, Suite 350, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
| | - Rishi P. Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, i-32, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - George E. Sanborn
- Notal Vision, 7717 Coppermine Dr., Manassas, VA 20109, USA; (G.E.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jennifer H. Jacobs
- Notal Vision, 7717 Coppermine Dr., Manassas, VA 20109, USA; (G.E.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Michael J. Elman
- Elman Retina, 7671 Quarterfield Rd #100, Glen Burnie, MD 21061, USA;
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6209105, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - David A. Eichenbaum
- Retina Vitreous Associates of Florida, 4344 Central Ave, St. Petersburg, FL 33711, USA;
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Taverne FJ, Jacobs JH, Heederik D, Mouton JW, Wagenaar JA, van Geijlswijk IM. Influence of applying different units of measurement on reporting antimicrobial consumption data for pig farms. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:250. [PMID: 26445105 PMCID: PMC4594747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial use in livestock is one of the factors contributing to selection and spread of resistant microorganisms in the environment. National veterinary antimicrobial consumption monitoring programs are therefore in place in a number of countries in the European Union. However, due to differences in methodology, results on veterinary antimicrobial consumption from these national monitoring programs cannot be compared internationally. International comparison is highly needed to establish regulations on veterinary antimicrobial use and reducing antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to assess differences in the outcomes on veterinary antimicrobial consumption by applying three different sets of nationally established animal defined daily dosages to the same antimicrobial drug delivery dataset of Dutch pigs in 2012. METHODS Delivery information for the complete Dutch pig sector for the year 2012 reported to the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa) was analysed with three differently and nationally established animal defined daily dosages from the Netherlands and Denmark: the Defined Daily Dosage AnimalNL (DDDANL), the Animal Daily DosageDK (ADDDK) and Defined Animal Daily DosageDK (DADDDK). For each applied Dutch product equivalent, Danish products were identified based on authorization for pigs, active substance (including form), administration route, concentration and dosage regimen. RESULTS Consumption in number of ADDDK/Y was lower than in number of DDDANL/Y for sows/piglets and finisher pigs, with proportions of 83.3 % and 98.3 %. Use in number of DADDDK/Y was even lower, 79.7 % for sows/piglets and 88.1 % for finisher pigs compared to number of DDDANL/Y. At therapeutic group level proportions of number of DADDDK/Y to number of DDDANL/Y were 63.6-150.4 % (sows/piglets) and 55.6-171.0 % (finisher pigs). Proportions were > 100 % for the polymyxines (sows/piglets 150.4 % and finisher pigs 149.9 %) and the macrolides/lincosamides (finisher pigs 171.0 %). CONCLUSIONS Differences between nationally established animal defined daily dosages caused by different correction factors for long-acting products and national differences in authorized dosages, have a substantial influence on the results of antimicrobial consumption in pigs. To enable international comparison of veterinary antimicrobial consumption data, harmonized units of measurement, animal weights and animal (sub) categories are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Taverne
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 106, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J H Jacobs
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Djj Heederik
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J W Mouton
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J A Wagenaar
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - I M van Geijlswijk
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 106, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Jacobs JH, Krop EJM, Borras-Santos A, Zock JP, Taubel M, Hyvarinnen A, Pekkanen J, Doekes G, Heederik DJJ. Endotoxin levels in settled airborne dust in European schools: the HITEA school study. Indoor Air 2014; 24:148-157. [PMID: 23927557 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Indoor exposure to microbial agents is known to influence respiratory health. Besides home exposure, exposure in schools can affect respiratory health. In this study, we measured endotoxin in settled dust in primary schools in three European countries from three different geographical regions with different climates. Our aim was to characterize endotoxin levels in primary schools and evaluate associations with potential determinants. Endotoxin levels were repeatedly assessed in 23 schools in Spain (n = 7), the Netherlands (n = 10), and Finland (n = 6) using electrostatic dustfall collectors. In total, 645 measurements were taken in 237 classrooms. Endotoxin levels differed significantly between countries; Dutch schools had the highest levels, while Finnish schools showed the lowest levels. In each country, differences in endotoxin levels were observed between schools and over the sampling periods. Estimates improved after adjustment for sampling period. Factors affecting endotoxin levels in a school differed per country. In general, endotoxin levels were higher in lower grades and in classrooms with higher occupancy. School endotoxin levels may contribute significantly to total endotoxin exposure in children and teachers. As the correlation between the repeated measurements is reasonable, single endotoxin measurements form a reasonable basis for estimating annual endotoxin levels in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jacobs
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chamberlain K, Briens M, Jacobs JH, Clark SJ, Pickett JA. Use of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to detect the presence of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) larvae in Valencia oranges. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:2050-2054. [PMID: 22653619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When fruit deteriorates a characteristic profile of volatile chemicals is produced that is different from that produced by healthy fruits. The identification of such chemicals allows the possibility of monitoring the fruit for early signs of deterioration with biological sensors. The use of honey bees and other insects as biological sensors is well known. This study aimed to identify the volatiles produced by oranges infested with larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly and to test the ability of honey bees, conditioned to this volatile chemical profile, to detect such oranges. RESULTS Seventeen compounds that were present in higher concentrations in the volatile profiles of infested oranges than in those of insect-free fruits were mixed at the same relative concentrations as those in the collected volatiles of infested oranges. The synthetic mixture was used to train honey bees by classical Pavlovian conditioning and subsequent tests showed that they were then able to discriminate between medfly-infested and uninfested oranges. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an innovative way of detecting, at an early stage, the symptoms of damage to oranges by the Mediterranean fruit fly.
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Meijer E, Suarthana E, Rooijackers J, Grobbee DE, Jacobs JH, Meijster T, de Monchy JGR, van Otterloo E, van Rooy FGBGJ, Spithoven JJG, Zaat VAC, Heederik DJJ. Application of a prediction model for work-related sensitisation in bakery workers. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:735-42. [PMID: 20150203 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00171609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Identification of work-related allergy, particularly work-related asthma, in a (nationwide) medical surveillance programme among bakery workers requires an effective and efficient strategy. Bakers at high risk of having work-related allergy were indentified by use of a questionnaire-based prediction model for work-related sensitisation. The questionnaire was applied among 5,325 participating bakers. Sequential diagnostic investigations were performed only in those with an elevated risk. Performance of the model was evaluated in 674 randomly selected bakers who participated in the medical surveillance programme and the validation study. Clinical investigations were evaluated in the first 73 bakers referred at high risk. Overall 90% of bakers at risk of having asthma could be identified. Individuals at low risk showed 0.3-3.8% work-related respiratory symptoms, medication use or absenteeism. Predicting flour sensitisation by a simple questionnaire and score chart seems more effective at detecting work-related allergy than serology testing followed by clinical investigation in all immunoglobulin E class II-positive individuals. This prediction based stratification procedure appeared effective in detecting work-related allergy among bakers and can accurately be used for periodic examination, especially in small enterprises where delivery of adequate care is difficult. This approach may contribute to cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Jenalaan 18d, 3584 CK, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Jacobs JH, Clark SJ, Denholm I, Goulson D, Stoate C, Osborne JL. Pollination biology of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants and the role of flower-visiting insects in fruit-set. Ann Bot 2009; 104:1397-404. [PMID: 19770165 PMCID: PMC2778384 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the UK, the flowers of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants provide a succession of pollen and nectar for flower-visiting insects for much of the year. The fruits of hedgerow plants are a source of winter food for frugivorous birds on farmland. It is unclear whether recent declines in pollinator populations are likely to threaten fruit-set and hence food supply for birds. The present study investigates the pollination biology of five common hedgerow plants: blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), dog rose (Rosa canina), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and ivy (Hedera helix). METHODS The requirement for insect pollination was investigated initially by excluding insects from flowers by using mesh bags and comparing immature and mature fruit-set with those of open-pollinated flowers. Those plants that showed a requirement for insect pollination were then tested to compare fruit-set under two additional pollination service scenarios: (1) reduced pollination, with insects excluded from flowers bagged for part of the flowering period, and (2) supplemental pollination, with flowers hand cross-pollinated to test for pollen limitation. KEY RESULTS The proportions of flowers setting fruit in blackthorn, hawthorn and ivy were significantly reduced when insects were excluded from flowers by using mesh bags, whereas fruit-set in bramble and dog rose were unaffected. Restricting the exposure of flowers to pollinators had no significant effect on fruit-set. However, blackthorn and hawthorn were found to be pollen-limited, suggesting that the pollination service was inadequate in the study area. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring strong populations of insect pollinators may be essential to guarantee a winter fruit supply for birds in UK hedgerows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Jacobs
- Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Jacobs JH, Meijster T, Meijer E, Suarthana E, Heederik D. Wheat allergen exposure and the prevalence of work-related sensitization and allergy in bakery workers. Allergy 2008; 63:1597-604. [PMID: 18513267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational airway diseases are common among bakers. The present study describes the association between exposure to wheat allergen levels and sensitization to wheat allergens, work-related upper and lower respiratory symptoms and asthma in bakery workers. METHODS As part of a Health Surveillance System for early detection of (allergic) occupational airway diseases a so-called 'validation study' was performed among Dutch bakers for validation of a diagnostic model that predict the likelihood of sensitization to specific workplace allergens. The present study used serology and questionnaire results of a subgroup of 860 bakers participating in the validation study. An earlier developed job-exposure matrix was used to predict average and cumulative personal exposure to wheat allergens. RESULTS The prevalence of wheat sensitization, work-related respiratory symptoms and asthma increased till average wheat exposure levels of approximately 25-30 microg/m3, leveled off and decreased at higher exposure concentrations. Exposure-response curves showed a stronger pronounced bell-shape with cumulative exposure. Associations were strongest for asthma and work-related lower respiratory symptoms (PR approximately 2 and PR approximately 3.5-4.5 for average and cumulative exposure, respectively). Associations were only found in atopics. Wheat sensitization was an important factor in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION In accordance with earlier studies, the present study showed a bell-shaped exposure-response relationship especially for cumulative wheat allergen exposure with sensitization, allergic respiratory symptoms and asthma. The healthy worker effect may be the possible explanation for the bell-shaped relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jacobs
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Jacobs JH, Spaan S, van Rooy GBGJ, Meliefste C, Zaat VAC, Rooyackers JM, Heederik D. Exposure to trichloramine and respiratory symptoms in indoor swimming pool workers. Eur Respir J 2006; 29:690-8. [PMID: 17107995 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00024706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The association between swimming pool characteristics and activities of employees and respiratory symptoms in employees was studied. Trichloramine levels were measured to evaluate relationships with pool characteristics and to estimate long-term exposure levels. Questionnaires were available from 624 pool workers and 38 swimming facilities. Chloramine levels were measured by area sampling over 2-h periods and analysed using ion chromatography. Work-related and general respiratory symptoms, and symptoms indicative of atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were considered. Respiratory symptom prevalence among pool workers was compared with symptoms in a Dutch population sample. Chloramine levels were modelled with regression analysis. This model was used to estimate long-term average chloramine levels for each pool studied. Employees with higher exposure reported upper respiratory symptoms with greater frequency. Upper respiratory symptoms were statistically significantly associated with cumulative chloramine levels (odds ratio (OR) >1.4 for hoarseness, lost voice, sinusitis). General respiratory symptoms were significantly elevated compared with a Dutch population sample (OR ranged 1.4-7.2). An excess risk for respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma was observed in swimming pool employees. Aggravation of existing respiratory disease or interactions between irritants and allergen exposures are the most likely explanations for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jacobs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Parent and teacher symptom reports from two epidemiological surveys of 2,519 Connecticut children were used to study rural-urban differences in childhood psychopathology. Parents and teachers of girls in cities reported elevated total disturbance and social withdrawal. Parents of urban girls also reported higher rates of behavioral disturbance. For boys, urban excesses were primarily observed in emotional disturbance. Rural-urban variation was largely associated with economic and cultural differences between sites and not with urbanization per se. Findings suggest that certain assumptions about rural-urban differences in specific forms of psychopathology, such as delinquency, should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Zahner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
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Friesen BJ, Griesbach J, Jacobs JH, Katz-Leavy J, Olson D. Caring for severely emotionally disturbed children and youth. Improving services for families. Child Today 1988; 17:18-22. [PMID: 3168600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
This study examined sex differences in the self-report of depression in early adolecents. A sample of 269 junior high adolescents completed a biographical data sheet, short forms of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Family Environment Scale, a Social Support Index, and a Life Stress Inventory. A subset of 61 mothers completed a Beck inventory, and a Family Environment Scale on their children. Sex differences were demonstrated in the relation of depression to the family and individual variables. Depression in boys was correlated with life stress and lower grades, while for girls, depression was correlated with several types of social support and lower grades.
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Jacobs JH, Bove AA, Smith HC, Chesebro JH. Use of a metal ring-marked catheter for geometric calibration in quantitative coronary angiography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1988; 15:121-4. [PMID: 3180205 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1810150212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative coronary angiography depends on accurate measurement of catheter shaft diameter for correction of X-ray magnification errors. We compared the use of coronary catheters with a single metal ring (R), inserted during manufacture, with measurements using the edges of the catheter shaft (S) as a calibration mark. Both ring and shaft were 2.50 mm in diameter. On unmagnified X-ray images, the ring measured 2.49 +/- 0.40 mm, and the shaft measured 2.39 +/- .040 mm in diameter. Quantitative coronary angiography using both ring and shaft for calibration provided the same percent stenosis (R:72 +/- 12; S: 71 +/- 13), but stenosis cross-sectional area was 28% different (R: 1.44 +/- .24; S: 1.84 +/- .34 mm2). Use of the catheter shaft for calibration causes overestimation of actual coronary artery dimensions. To prevent this problem, absolute measurements of coronary artery dimensions should be made with metal ring-marked catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jacobs
- Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Normile HJ, Jacobs JH, Trompeter T, Barraco RA. Chronic oesophageal fistulation for studying oropharyngeal and gastric influences on ingestive behaviour in the pigeon. Lab Anim 1983; 17:217-20. [PMID: 6431177 DOI: 10.1258/002367783781070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surgical and postoperative procedures were developed in the pigeon to study the influence of oropharyngeal and postingestional factors in the control of food and water intake. Pigeons were prepared with an oesophageal fistula so that material swallowed emerged from a tube exteriorized at the neck. Nutrient solutions were injected into the lower portion of the oesophagus through a feeding tube inserted in the fistula. A postoperative tube-feeding regimen, using commercially available laboratory chow, was established to maintain the pigeon at its preoperative weight.
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Beardwell A, Jacobs JH. Syphilis as an unusual cause of aches and pains. Proc R Soc Med 1969; 62:197. [PMID: 5775247 PMCID: PMC1810771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Jacobs JH, Grayson MF. Trial of an anti-inflammatory agent (indomethacin) in low back pain with and without radicular involvement. Br Med J 1968; 3:158-60. [PMID: 4232743 PMCID: PMC1986152 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5611.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A short-term double-blind sequential trial of indomethacin against placebo in the treatment of low back pain, with and without nerve root pain such as sciatica, showed that indomethacin was significantly more effective than placebo in the group with nerve root pain. On the other hand, no difference was found between the treatments in the patients with uncomplicated low back pain. This difference may result from an effect of indomethacin on the inflammatory process around the nerve root which has been shown to be present when this is compressed.
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Albrecht CE, Jacobs JH. Hospital care for neurological and sensory patients in Pennsylvania. Pa Med 1967; 70:62-8. [PMID: 6041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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