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Perez-Bou L, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Cabrera JJ, Juarez-Jimenez B, Rodelas B, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Correa-Galeote D. Design and Validation of Primer Sets for the Detection and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Samples by Quantitative PCR. Microb Ecol 2024; 87:71. [PMID: 38748252 PMCID: PMC11096201 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in several environments is a great concern threatening human health. Particularly, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) become important contributors to the dissemination of ARB to receiving water bodies, due to the inefficient management or treatment of highly antibiotic-concentrated wastewaters. Hence, it is vital to develop molecular tools that allow proper monitoring of the genes encoding resistances to these important therapeutic compounds (antibiotic resistant genes, ARGs). For an accurate quantification of ARGs, there is a need for sensitive and robust qPCR assays supported by a good design of primers and validated protocols. In this study, eleven relevant ARGs were selected as targets, including aadA and aadB (conferring resistance to aminoglycosides); ampC, blaTEM, blaSHV, and mecA (resistance to beta-lactams); dfrA1 (resistance to trimethoprim); ermB (resistance to macrolides); fosA (resistance to fosfomycin); qnrS (resistance to quinolones); and tetA(A) (resistance to tetracyclines). The in silico design of the new primer sets was performed based on the alignment of all the sequences of the target ARGs (orthology grade > 70%) deposited in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, allowing higher coverages of the ARGs' biodiversity than those of several primers described to date. The adequate design and performance of the new molecular tools were validated in six samples, retrieved from both natural and engineered environments related to wastewater treatment. The hallmarks of the optimized qPCR assays were high amplification efficiency (> 90%), good linearity of the standard curve (R2 > 0.980), repeatability and reproducibility across experiments, and a wide linear dynamic range. The new primer sets and methodology described here are valuable tools to upgrade the monitorization of the abundance and emergence of the targeted ARGs by qPCR in WWTPs and related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Perez-Bou
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Cabrera
- Nitrogen Metabolism Group, Zaidín Experimental Station, Spanish National Research Council, EEZ-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Juarez-Jimenez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Rodelas
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Perez-Bou L, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Correa-Galeote D. Promising bioprocesses for the efficient removal of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance genes from urban and hospital wastewaters: Potentialities of aerobic granular systems. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123115. [PMID: 38086508 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The use, overuse, and improper use of antibiotics have resulted in higher levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), which have profoundly disturbed the equilibrium of the environment. Furthermore, once antibiotic agents are excreted in urine and feces, these substances often can reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in which improper treatments have been highlighted as the main reason for stronger dissemination of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs to the receiving bodies. Hence, achieving better antibiotic removal capacities in WWTPs is proposed as an adequate approach to limit the spread of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs into the environment. In this review, we highlight hospital wastewater (WW) as a critical hotspot for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance due to its high level of antibiotics and pathogens. Hence, monitoring the composition and structure of the bacterial communities related to hospital WW is a key factor in controlling the spread of ARGs. In addition, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the current biological WW treatments regarding the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon. Widely used conventional activated sludge technology has proved to be ineffective in mitigating the dissemination of ARB and ARGs to the environment. However, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is a promising technology-with broad adaptability and excellent performance-that could successfully reduce antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in the generated effluents. We also outline the main operational parameters involved in mitigating antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in WWTPs. In this regard, WW operation under long hydraulic and solid retention times allows better removal of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs independently of the WW technology employed. Finally, we address the current knowledge of the adsorption and degradation of antibiotics and their importance in removing ARB and ARGs. Notably, AGS can enhance the removal of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs due to the complex microbial metabolism within the granular biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Perez-Bou
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbial Biotechnology Group, Microbiology and Virology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
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Perez-Bou L, Muñoz-Palazon B, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Correa-Galeote D. Deciphering the Role of WWTPs in Cold Environments as Hotspots for the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Microb Ecol 2023; 87:14. [PMID: 38091083 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold environments are the most widespread extreme habitats in the world. However, the role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the cryosphere as hotspots in antibiotic resistance dissemination has not been well established. Hence, a snapshot of the resistomes of WWTPs in cold environments, below 5 °C, was provided to elucidate their role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the receiving waterbodies. The resistomes of two natural environments from the cold biosphere were also determined. Quantitative PCR analysis of the aadA, aadB, ampC, blaSHV, blaTEM, dfrA1, ermB, fosA, mecA, qnrS, and tetA(A) genes indicated strong prevalences of these genetic determinants in the selected environments, except for the mecA gene, which was not found in any of the samples. Notably, high abundances of the aadA, ermB, and tetA(A) genes were found in the influents and activated sludge, highlighting that WWTPs of the cryosphere are critical hotspots for disseminating ARGs, potentially worsening the resistance of bacteria to some of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Besides, the samples from non-disturbed cold environments had large quantities of ARGs, although their ARG profiles were highly dissimilar. Hence, the high prevalences of ARGs lend support to the fact that antibiotic resistance is a common issue worldwide, including environmentally fragile cold ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Perez-Bou
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Microbiology and Environmental Technologies Section, Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Rosa-Masegosa A, Perez-Bou L, Muñoz-Palazon B, Monteoliva-García A, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Correa-Galeote D. Effects of sulphur amino acids on the size and structure of microbial communities of aerobic granular sludge bioreactors. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1403-1419. [PMID: 35612670 PMCID: PMC9637606 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Granular activated sludge has been described as a promising tool in treating wastewater. However, the effect of high concentrations of sulphur amino acids, cysteine and methionine, in the evolution, development and stability of AGS-SBRs (aerobic granular sludge in sequential batch reactors) and their microbial communities is not well-established. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate microbial communities' size, structure and dynamics in two AGS-SBRs fed with two different concentrations of amino acids (50 and 100 mg L−1 of both amino acids). In addition, the impact of the higher level of amino acids was also determined under an acclimatization or shock strategy. While N removal efficiency decreased with amino acids, the removal of the organic matter was generally satisfactory. Moreover, the abrupt presence of both amino acids reduced even further the removal performance of N, whereas under progressive adaptation, the removal yield was higher. Besides, excellent removal rates of cysteine and methionine elimination were found, in all stages below 80% of the influent values. Generally considered, the addition of amino acids weakly impacts the microbial communities' total abundances. On the contrary, the presence of amino acids sharply modulated the dominant bacterial structures. Furthermore, the highest amino acid concentration under the shock strategy resulted in a severe change in the structure of the microbial community. Acidovorax, Flavobacterium, Methylophilus, Stenotrophomonas and Thauera stood out as the prominent bacteria to cope with the high presence of cysteine and methionine. Hence, the AGS-SBR technology is valuable for treating influents enriched in sulphur Aa inclusively when a shock strategy was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rosa-Masegosa
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Lizandra Perez-Bou
- Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Microbial Biotechnology Group, Microbiology and Virology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Microbiology and Environmental Technology Section, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Andalucía, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Hurtado-Martinez M, Santana F, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Mack L, Gonzalez-Martinez A. Polar Arctic Circle biomass enhances performance and stability of aerobic granular sludge systems operated under different temperatures. Bioresour Technol 2020; 300:122650. [PMID: 31911317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three bioreactors were inoculated with Polar Arctic Circle-activated sludge, started-up and operated for 150 days at 8, 15 and 26 °C. Removal performances and granular conformation were similar at steady-state, but higher stability from start-up was found when operating at 8 °C. Important changes in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic populations caused by operational temperature were observed, being fungi dominant at 8 °C and 15 °C, while that ciliated organisms were found at 26 °C. The qPCR results showed higher copies of bacteria, and nitrifiers and denitrifying bacteria at cold temperature. The emission of nitrous oxide was linked directly with temperature and the involved microorganisms. This study represents a proof of concept in performance, greenhouse gas emission, granular formation and the role of the Polar Arctic Circle microbial population in AGS technology under different temperatures with the aim to understand the effect of seasonal o daily changes for implementation of AGS at full-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel Hurtado-Martinez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santana
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Leoni Mack
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Hurtado-Martinez M, de Castro IM, Juarez-Jimenez B, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Performance and microbial community structure of an aerobic granular sludge system at different phenolic acid concentrations. J Hazard Mater 2019; 376:58-67. [PMID: 31121453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to use aerobic granular sludge technology for the treatment of wastewater containing high organic matter loads and a mixture of phenolic compounds normally present in olive washing water. The physicochemical performance of five bioreactors treating different concentrations of mixture of phenolic acid was monitored to observe the response of the systems. The bioreactors that operated at 50, 100 and 300 mg L-1 did not show relevant changes in terms of performance and granules properties, showing high ratio of phenolic compound removal ratio. However, the bioreactors operated with high phenolic compound concentrations showed low rates of organic matter, nitrogen and phenolic acid removal. In the same way, high concentrations of phenolic compounds determined the disintegration of the granular biomass. Next-generation sequencing studies showed a stable community structure in the bioreactors operating with 50, 100 and 300 mg L-1 of phenolic acids, with the genera Lampropedia and Arenimonas, family Xanthobacteraceae and Fungi Pezizomycotina as the dominant phylotypes. Conversely, the reactors operated at 500 and 600 mg L-1 of phenolic substances promoted the proliferation of Oligohymenophorea ciliates. Thus, this study suggests that aerobic granular sludge technology could be useful for the treatment of wastewaters such as olive washing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel Hurtado-Martinez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ines Manuel de Castro
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Juarez-Jimenez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Hurtado-Martinez M, Maza-Marquez P, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R, Gonzalez-Martinez A. Microbial ecology dynamics of a partial nitritation bioreactor with Polar Arctic Circle activated sludge operating at low temperature. Chemosphere 2019; 225:73-82. [PMID: 30861385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale partial nitritation SBR was operated at 11 °C for 300 days used for the treatment of high-ammonium wastewater, which was inoculated with activated sludge from Rovaniemi WWTP (located in Polar Arctic Circle) in order to evaluate the influence the temperature on the performance, stability and dynamics of its microbial community. The partial nitritation achieved steady-state long-term operation and granulation process was not affected despite the low temperature and high ammonia concentration. The steady conditions were reached after 60 days of operation where the granular biomass was fully-formed and the 50%-50% of ammonium-nitrite effluent was successful achieved. Inoculation with cold adapted inoculum showed to yield bigger, denser granules with faster start-up without necessity of low temperature adaptation period. Next-generation sequences techniques showed that Trichosporonaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were the dominant OTUs in the mature granules. Our study could be useful in the implementation of full-scale partial nitritation reactors in cold regions such as Nordic countries for treating wastewater with high concentration of ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Hurtado-Martinez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Maza-Marquez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Leyva-Diaz JC, Muñoz-Palazon B, Poyatos JM, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Influence of salinity cycles in bioreactor performance and microbial community structure of membrane-based tidal-like variable salinity wastewater treatment systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:514-527. [PMID: 30406593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor and two hybrid moving bed bioreactor-membrane bioreactors were operated for the treatment of variable salinity wastewater, changing in cycles of 6-h wastewater base salinity and 6-h maximum salinity (4.5 and 8.5 mS cm-1 electric conductivity, which relate to 2.4 and 4.8 g L-1 NaCl, respectively), under different hydraulic retention times (6, 9.5, and 12 h) and total solids concentrations (2500 and 3500 mg L-1). The evaluation of the performance of the systems showed that COD removal performance was unaffected by salinity conditions, while BOD5 and TN removals were significantly higher in the low-salinity scenario. The microbial community structure showed differences with respect to salinity conditions for Eukarya, suggesting their higher sensitivity for salinity with respect to Prokarya, which were similar at both salinity scenarios. Nevertheless, the intra-OTU distribution of consistently represented OTUs of Eukarya and Prokarya was affected by the different salinity maximums. Multivariate redundancy analyses showed that several genera such as Amphiplicatus (0.01-5.90%), Parvibaculum (0.27-1.19%), Thiothrix (0.30-1.19%), Rhodanobacter (2.81-5.85%), Blastocatella (0.21-2.01%), and Nitrobacter (0.80-0.99%) were positively correlated with BOD5 and TN removal, and the ecological roles of these were proposed. All these genera were substantially more represented under low-salinity conditions (10-500% higher relative abundance), demonstrating that they might be of importance for the treatment of variable salinity wastewater. Evaluation of Eukarya OTUs showed that many of them lack a consistent taxonomic classification, which highlights the lack of knowledge of the diversity and ecological role of Eukaryotes in saline wastewater treatment processes. The results obtained will be of interest for future design and operation of salinity wastewater treatment systems particularly because little is known on the effect of variable salinity conditions in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Leyva-Diaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Poyatos
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Gonzalez-Martínez A, Chengyuan S, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Pozo C, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Application of microbial fuel cell technology for wastewater treatment and electricity generation under Nordic countries climate conditions: Study of performance and microbial communities. Bioresour Technol 2018; 270:1-10. [PMID: 30199700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two microbial fuel cells were inoculated with activated sludge from Finland and operated under moderate (25 °C) and low (8 °C) temperatures. Operation under real urban wastewater showed similarities in chemical oxygen demand removal and voltage generated, although moderate temperature supported higher ammonium oxidation. Fungi disappeared in the microbial fuel cell operated at temperature of 25 °C. Archaea domain was dominated by methanogenic archaea at both temperature scenarios. Important differences were observed in bacterial communities between both temperatures, however generating similar voltage. The results supported that the implementation of microbial fuel cells in Nordic countries operating under real conditions could be successful, as well as suggested the flexibility of cold-adapted inoculum for starting-up microbial fuel cells, regardless of the operating temperature of the system, obtaining higher COD removal and voltage generation performances at low temperature than at moderate temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Chengyuan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Clementina Pozo
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Maza-Márquez P, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Performance and microbial community structure of a polar Arctic Circle aerobic granular sludge system operating at low temperature. Bioresour Technol 2018; 256:22-29. [PMID: 29428610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the performance and microbial community structure of a polar Arctic Circle aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system operating at low temperature. Thus, an AGS bioreactor was operated at 7, 5 and 3 °C of temperature using a cold-adapted sludge from Lapland. At 5 °C, it yielded acceptable conversion rates, in terms of nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic matter. However, under 3 °C a negligible nitrogen and phosphorous removal performance was observed. Below 5 °C, scanning electron microscopy studies showed a wispy, non-dense and irregular granular structure with a strong outgrowth of filamentous. Moreover, Illumina next-generation sequencing showed a heterogeneous microbial population where SM1K20 (Archaea), Trichosporon domesticum (Fungus), and Zooglea, Arcobacter and Acinetobacter (Bacteria) were the dominant phylotypes. Our study suggests that AGS technologies inoculated with North Pole sludge could be operated, in cold regions for a period longer than 3 months (winter season) under 5 °C of water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Maza-Márquez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J. New concepts in anammox processes for wastewater nitrogen removal: recent advances and future prospects. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4847881. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Maza-Márquez P, Mikola A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Start-up and operation of an aerobic granular sludge system under low working temperature inoculated with cold-adapted activated sludge from Finland. Bioresour Technol 2017; 239:180-189. [PMID: 28521227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic granular sludge system has been started-up and operated at 7°C temperature using cold-adapted activated sludge as inoculum. The system could form granular biomass due to batch operation allowing for just 5-3min of biomass sedimentation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fungi helped in the granular biomass formation in the early stages of the granule formation. The removal performance of the system was of 92-95% in BOD5, 75-80% in COD, 70-76% in total nitrogen and 50-60% in total phosphorous. The bacterial community structure from cold-adapted activated sludge changed during the operational time, leading to a final configuration dominated by Microbacteriaceae members Microbacterium and Leucobacter, which were strongly correlated to biomass settling velocity and bioreactor performance, as suggested by multivariate redundancy analyses. This experiment showed that aerobic granular sludge systems could be successfully started-up and operated, with high performance, under low operational temperatures when using cold-adapted biomass as inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Paula Maza-Márquez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Anna Mikola
- Department of Built Environment, University of Aalto, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, University of Aalto, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Muñoz-Palazon B, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Castellano-Hinojosa A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, van Loosdrecth MCM, Vahala R, Gonzalez-Martinez A. Quantitative and qualitative studies of microorganisms involved in full-scale autotrophic nitrogen removal performance. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research; University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4; Granada 18071 Spain
| | | | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research; University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4; Granada 18071 Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n; Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Mark C. M. van Loosdrecth
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Technical University of Delft, Julianaalan 67, 2628 BC; Delft The Netherlands
| | - Riku Vahala
- Dept. of Built Environment; Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200; Aalto Espoo FI-00076 Finland
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Detection of comammox bacteria in full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors using tag-454-pyrosequencing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:25501-25511. [PMID: 27783252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen cycle has been expanded with the recent discovery of Nitrospira strains that can conduct complete ammonium oxidation (commamox). Their importance in the nitrogen cycle within engineered ecosystems has not yet been analyzed. In this research, the community structure of the Bacteria domain of six full-scale activated sludge systems and three autotrophic nitrogen removal systems in the Netherlands and China has been investigated through tag-454-pyrosequencing. The phylogenetic analyses conducted in the present study showed that just a few of the Nitrospira sequences found in the bioreactors were comammox. Multivariate redundancy analysis of nitrifying genera showed an outcompetition of Nitrosomonas and non-comammox Nitrospira. Operational data from the bioreactors suggested that comammox could be favored at low temperature, low nitrogen substrate, and high dissolved oxygen. The non-ubiquity and low relative abundance of comammox in full-scale bioreactors suggested that this phylotype is not very relevant in the nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Built Environment, School of engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Munoz-Palazon B, Maza-Marquez P, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R, Gonzalez-Martinez A. Process performance and bacterial community dynamics of partial-nitritation biofilters subjected to different concentrations of cysteine amino acid. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1254-1263. [PMID: 27453498 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Partial-nitritation processes are used for the biological treatment of high nitrogen-low organic carbon effluents, such as anaerobic digestion reject water. The release of certain products generated during the anaerobic digestion process, such as amino acids, could potentially reduce the performance of these partial-nitritation bioprocesses. To investigate this, four partial-nitritation biofilters were subjected to continuous addition of 0, 150, 300, and 500 mg L-1 cysteine amino acid in their influents. The addition of the amino acid had an impact over the performance of the partial-nitritation process and the bacterial community dynamics of the systems analyzed. Ammonium oxidation efficiency decreased with the addition of the amino acid, and a net nitrogen elimination occurred in presence of cysteine through the operation period. Bacterial community dynamics showed a decrease of Nitrosomonas species and a proliferation of putative heterotrophs with nitrification capacity, such as Pseudomonas, or denitrification capacity, such as Denitrobacter or Alicycliphilus. The addition of cysteine irreversible affected the bioreactors, which could not achieve the performance obtained before the addition of the amino acid. A mathematical predictive equation of the process performance depending on cysteine concentration added and operational time under such concentration was developed. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1254-1263, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Munoz-Palazon
- Inst. of Water Research, University of Granada C/Ramon Y Cajal 4, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Paula Maza-Marquez
- Inst. of Water Research, University of Granada C/Ramon Y Cajal 4, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Inst. of Water Research, University of Granada C/Ramon Y Cajal 4, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Dept. of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Dept. of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. alejandro.gonzalezmartinez@aalto
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Abstract
Intracapsular chondroma is a rare lesion that has been reported under different names on 23 occasions. We describe a 52-year-old woman with intracapsular chondroma that involved the left knee. Radiologically, the mass was multilobulated, calcified, and sharply circumscribed and was lying between the patella and the anterolateral surface of the tibia. The peculiar histologic pattern of the tumor was composed of hyaline cartilage nodules with enchondral ossification or calcification, in apparent transition with septa of connective and adipose tissue. The most common differential diagnoses for this tumor are primary synovial chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma. We emphasize a possible metaplastic origin of the chondromatous component due to some mechanical posttraumatic disturbance of the infrapatellar fat pad. To our knowledge, the present case is the second intracapsular chondroma to be described in the European literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Rodriguez-Peralto
- Departamento de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Ctra. de Andalucia Km. 5,400, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, 12 de Ocutbre Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Lopez-Barea
- Department of Pathology, La Paz Hospital, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Gonzalez-Lopez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz Hospital, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Osorio F, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Impact of methionine on a partial-nitritation biofilter. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6651-6660. [PMID: 26645230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that an anaerobic digestion process cannot attain an efficient removal of several amino acids, with methionine being one of the most persistent of these. Thus, the effect that methionine amino acid has over the partial-nitritation process with fixed-biofilm configuration in terms of performance and bacterial community dynamics has been investigated. With respect to the performance with no addition, 100 mg/L methionine loading decreased ammonium oxidation efficiency in 60% and 100% at concentrations of 300 and 500 mg/L methionine, respectively. Bacterial biomass sharply increased by 30, 65, and 230% with the addition of 100, 300, and 500 mg/L methionine, respectively. Bacterial community analysis showed that methionine addition supported the proliferation of a diversity of heterotrophic genera, such as Lysobacter and Micavibrio, and reduced the relative abundance of ammonium oxidizing genus Nitrosomonas. This research shows that the addition of methionine affects the performance of the partial-nitritation process. In this sense, amino acids can pose a threat for the of partial-nitritation process treating anaerobic digester supernatant at full-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Jesus Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Osorio
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Calle Ramon y Cajal 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Osorio F, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Archaeal and bacterial community dynamics and bioprocess performance of a bench-scale two-stage anaerobic digester. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6013-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Osorio F, Morillo JA, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Abbas BA, van Loosdrecht MCM. Comparison of bacterial diversity in full scale anammox bioreactors operated under different conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1464-72. [PMID: 26260060 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial community structure of full-scale anammox bioreactor is still mainly unknown. It has never been analyzed whether different anammox bioreactor configurations might result in the development of different bacterial community structures among these systems. In this work, the bacterial community structure of six full-scale autotrophic nitrogen removal bioreactors located in The Netherlands and China operating under three different technologies and with different influent wastewater characteristics was studied by the means of pyrotag sequencing evaluation of the bacterial assemblage yielded a great diversity in all systems. The most represented phyla were the Bacteroidetes and the Proteobacteria, followed by the Planctomycetes. 14 OTUs were shared by all bioreactors, but none of them belonged to the Brocadiales order. Statistical analysis at OTU level showed that differences in the microbial communities were high, and that the main driver of the bacterial assemblage composition was different for the distinct phyla identified in the six bioreactors, depending on bioreactor technology or influent wastewater characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Osorio
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus De Fuentenueva, S/N, Granada, 18701, Spain
| | - Jose A Morillo
- Inst. of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, Granada, 18701, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Inst. of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, Granada, 18701, Spain
| | - Ben A Abbas
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Technical University of Delft, Julianalaan 67, Delft, 2628 BC, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Technical University of Delft, Julianalaan 67, Delft, 2628 BC, The Netherlands
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Osorio F, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Lotti T, van Loosdrecht MCM. Bacterial community structure of a lab-scale anammox membrane bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:186-93. [PMID: 25270790 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrogen removal technologies have proliferated through the last decade. Among these, a promising one is the membrane bioreactor (MBR) Anammox, which can achieve very high solids retention time and therefore sets a proper environment for the cultivation of anammox bacteria. In this sense, the MBR Anammox is an efficient technology for the treatment of effluents with low organic carbon and high ammonium concentrations once it has been treated under partial nitrification systems. A lab-scale MBR Anammox bioreactor has been built at the Technological University of Delft, The Netherlands and has been proven for efficient nitrogen removal and efficient cultivation of anammox bacteria. In this study, next-generation sequencing techniques have been used for the investigation of the bacterial communities of this MBR Anammox for the first time ever. A strong domination of Candidatus Brocadia bacterium and also the presence of a myriad of other microorganisms that have adapted to this environment were detected, suggesting that the MBR Anammox bioreactor might have a more complex microbial ecosystem that it has been thought. Among these, nitrate-reducing heterotrophs and primary producers, among others, were identified. Definition of the ecological roles of the OTUs identified through metagenomic analysis was discussed.
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Osorio F, van Loosdrecht MCM, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Microbial community analysis of a full-scale DEMON bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:499-508. [PMID: 25245398 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Full-scale applications of autotrophic nitrogen removal technologies for the treatment of digested sludge liquor have proliferated during the last decade. Among these technologies, the aerobic/anoxic deammonification process (DEMON) is one of the major applied processes. This technology achieves nitrogen removal from wastewater through anammox metabolism inside a single bioreactor due to alternating cycles of aeration. To date, microbial community composition of full-scale DEMON bioreactors have never been reported. In this study, bacterial community structure of a full-scale DEMON bioreactor located at the Apeldoorn wastewater treatment plant was analyzed using pyrosequencing. This technique provided a higher-resolution study of the bacterial assemblage of the system compared to other techniques used in lab-scale DEMON bioreactors. Results showed that the DEMON bioreactor was a complex ecosystem where ammonium oxidizing bacteria, anammox bacteria and many other bacterial phylotypes coexist. The potential ecological role of all phylotypes found was discussed. Thus, metagenomic analysis through pyrosequencing offered new perspectives over the functioning of the DEMON bioreactor by exhaustive identification of microorganisms, which play a key role in the performance of bioreactors. In this way, pyrosequencing has been proven as a helpful tool for the in-depth investigation of the functioning of bioreactors at microbiological scale.
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Rivadeneyra A, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Martin-Ramos D, Martinez-Toledo MV, Rivadeneyra MA. Precipitation of phosphate minerals by microorganisms isolated from a fixed-biofilm reactor used for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:3689-704. [PMID: 24699031 PMCID: PMC4025044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of bacteria isolated from a fixed-film bioreactor to precipitate phosphate crystals for the treatment of domestic wastewater in both artificial and natural media was studied. When this was demonstrated in artificial solid media for crystal formation, precipitation took place rapidly, and crystal formation began 3 days after inoculation. The percentage of phosphate-forming bacteria was slightly higher than 75%. Twelve major colonies with phosphate precipitation capacity were the dominant heterotrophic platable bacteria growing aerobically in artificial media. According to their taxonomic affiliations (based on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA), the 12 strains belonged to the following genera of Gram-negative bacteria: Rhodobacter, Pseudoxanthobacter, Escherichia, Alcaligenes, Roseobacter, Ochrobactrum, Agromyce, Sphingomonas and Paracoccus. The phylogenetic tree shows that most of the identified populations were evolutionarily related to the Alphaproteobacteria (91.66% of sequences). The minerals formed were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). All of these strains formed phosphate crystals and precipitated struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), bobierrite [Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O] and baricite [(MgFe)3(PO4)2·8H2O]. The results obtained in this study show that struvite and spherulite crystals did not show any cell marks. Moreover, phosphate precipitation was observed in the bacterial mass but also near the colonies. Our results suggest that the microbial population contributed to phosphate precipitation by changing the media as a consequence of their metabolic activity. Moreover, the results of this research suggest that bacteria play an active role in the mineral precipitation of soluble phosphate from urban wastewater in submerged fixed-film bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Rivadeneyra
- Department of Electronic and Computer Technology, Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering and Telecommunications , University of Granada, University Campus of Almanjayar, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Technical School of Civil Engineers, University of Granada, Fuentenueva Campus, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Departament of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Daniel Martin-Ramos
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Fuentenueva Campus , Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Maria Victoria Martinez-Toledo
- Departament of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Maria Angustias Rivadeneyra
- Departament of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Martinez-Toledo MV, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Hontoria E, Osorio-Robles F, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Effect of ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the partial-nitritation process and bacterial community structure of a submerged biofilter. Sci Total Environ 2014; 476-477:276-287. [PMID: 24468502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A partial-nitritation bench-scale submerged biofilter was used for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing a high concentration of ammonium in order to study the influence of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on the partial-nitritation process and biodiversity of the bacterial community structure. The influence of ciprofloxacin was evaluated in four partial-nitritation bioreactors working in parallel, which received sterile synthetic wastewater amended with 350 ng/L of ciprofloxacin (Experiment 1), synthetic wastewater without ciprofloxacin (Experiment 2), synthetic wastewater amended with 100 ng/L of ciprofloxacin (Experiment 3) and synthetic wastewater amended with 350 ng/L of ciprofloxacin (Experiment 4). The concentration of 100 ng/L of antibiotics demonstrated that the partial-nitritation process, microbial biomass and bacterial structure generated by tag-pyrosequencing adapted progressively to the conditions in the bioreactor. However, high concentrations of ciprofloxacin (350 ng/L) induced a decay of the partial-nitritation process, while the total microbial biomass was increased. Within the same experiment, the bacterial community experienced sequential shifts with a clear reduction of the ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB) and an evident increase of Commamonas sp., which have been previously reported to be ciprofloxacin-resistant. Our study suggests the need for careful monitoring of the concentration of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin in partial-nitritation bioreactors, in order to choose and maintain the most appropriate conditions for the proper operation of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - A Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M V Martinez-Toledo
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M-J Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - E Hontoria
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - F Osorio-Robles
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gonzalez-Lopez J, Mendoza EV, Diz CC, Torres MC, Nine MC. Cardiovascular risk associated with use of biological therapy with etanercept and adalimumab. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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González-Martínez A, Poyatos JM, Hontoria E, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Osorio F. Treatment of effluents polluted by nitrogen with new biological technologies based on autotrophic nitrification-denitrification processes. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2011; 5:74-84. [PMID: 21619549 DOI: 10.2174/187220811796365671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, various technologies have been developed for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater that is rich in nitrogen but poor in organic carbon, such as the effluents from anaerobic digesters and from certain industries. These technologies have resulted in several patents. The core of these technologies is some of the processes and patents described in this paper: Aerobic denitrification, Sharon, Anammox, OLAND, CANON, NOx process, DEMON. More specifically, one of the first innovative options described for removing nitrogen include partial nitrification under aerobic conditions (partial Sharon process) followed by autotrophic anaerobic oxidation (Anammox process). The partial Sharon-Anammox process can be performed under alternating oxic and anoxic conditions in the same bioreactor or in two steps in two separate bioreactors. This overview focuses on the technical and biological aspects of these new types of treatment system, and compares them to other technologies. Given the fact that nitrification is a sensitive process, special attention is paid to conditions such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, hydraulic retention time, free ammonia, nitrous acid concentration, and pH. A discussion of the pros and cons of such treatment systems is also included since autotrophic nitrogen removal has advantages as well as drawbacks. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research that could improve these systems by enhancing performance and reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Martínez
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Molina-Muñoz M, Poyatos JM, Rodelas B, Pozo C, Manzanera M, Hontoria E, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Microbial enzymatic activities in a pilot-scale MBR experimental plant under different working conditions. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:696-704. [PMID: 19748774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatases, glucosidase, protease, esterase and dehydrogenase activities in a MBR (membrane bioreactor) system equipped with ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of real urban wastewater were measured at different volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentrations, total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations, hydraulic retention times (HRT), temperatures and inflow rates. The results showed the capacity of the MBR system to remove COD and BOD(5) at TSS between 7200 and 13,300 mg/L; HRT values of 8.05 and 15.27 h; inflow rates of 14.67 and 27.81 L/h; and temperatures between 4 and 27 degrees C. The enzymatic activities are influenced by increases in VSS and TSS concentrations. These results suggest that the ability to get adapted to environmental changes of the bacterial populations and their microbial enzymatic activities is essential to understand the biological processes that occur in MBR systems and crucial for proper urban wastewater treatment when using MBR technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Molina-Muñoz
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Poyatos JM, Molina-Munoz M, Delgado F, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Hontoria E. Flux influence on membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor system under real conditions with urban wastewater. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2008; 43:1685-1691. [PMID: 18988106 DOI: 10.1080/10934520802330149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of flux on membrane fouling, the performance of a bench-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) equipped with ultrafiltration membranes (ZENON) was investigated under real conditions at different flux rates. The pilot plant was located at the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Granada (Spain). Influent used in the experiments came from the primary settling tank. Assays carried out under different operating conditions indicated that dTMP/dt increased in accordance with the increase in flux. The results showed a significant impact on the rate of transmembrane pressure, while the behavior of membrane fouling was logarithmic with respect to the flux. These findings could be of some importance for understanding the behavior of the membrane, since over 20.57 L m(-2) h(-1) the flux rate produced a significant increase in transmembrane pressure. The data therefore suggest that an increase in the net flux significantly affects membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Poyatos
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Toledo FL, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Calvo C. Production of bioemulsifier by Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter species in liquid culture. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:8470-8475. [PMID: 18554901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains isolated from waste crude oil were selected due to their capacity of growing in the presence of hydrocarbons and production of bioemulsifier. The genetic identification (PCR of the 16S rDNA gene using fD1 and rD1 primers) of these strains showed their affiliation to Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter sp. These strains were able to emulsify n-octane, toluene, xylene, mineral oils and crude oil, look promising for bioremediation application. Finally, chemical composition, emulsifying activity and surfactant activity of the biopolymers produced by the selected strains were studies under different culture conditions. Our results showed that chemical and functional properties of the bioemulsifiers were affected by the carbon source added to the growth media.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Toledo
- Group of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Spain.
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Martinez-Toledo M, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Rodelas B, Pozo C, Salmeron V. Production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate byAzotobacter chroococcumH23 in chemically defined medium and alpechin medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martinez-Toledo M, Rubia T, Moreno J, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Adenine nucleotide content and energy charge of Azotobacter vinelandii during batch growth in dialysed-soil medium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Juarez B, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Growth of Azotobacter chroococcum in chemically defined media containing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. Chemosphere 2005; 59:1361-5. [PMID: 15857648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth and utilization of different phenolic acids present in olive mill wastewater (OMW) by Azotobacter chroococcum were studied in chemically defined media. Growth and utilization of phenolic acids were only detected when the microorganism was cultured on p-hydroxybenzoic acid at concentration from 0.01% to 0.5% (w/v) and protocatechuic acid at concentration from 0.01% to 0.3% (w/v) as sole carbon sources suggesting that only these phenolic compounds could be utilized as a carbon source by A. chroococcum. Moreover when culture media were added with a mixture of 0.3% of protocatechuic acid and 0.3% p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the microorganism degradated in first place protocatechuic acid and once the culture medium was depleted of this compound, the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid commenced very fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Juarez
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Ramon y Cajal No. 4, Granada 18071, Spain
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Salmeron-Lopez V, Martinez-Toledo MV, Salmeron-Miron V, Pozo C, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Production of amino acids by Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains in chemically defined media. Amino Acids 2004; 27:169-74. [PMID: 15378411 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-004-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five strains of Rhizobium spp, one strain of Mesorhizobium loti and two strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti were tested for their ability to grow in chemically-defined medium lacking growth factor. Qualitative and quantitative production of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, threonine, arginine, alanine, proline, cysteine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine was determined by the use of mannitol as sole carbon source. Strains of Rhizobium spp. and Sinorhizobium sp. produced all the amino acids analysed with the exception of cysteine and high biological levels of serine, glycine and alanine were detected after 2 days of culture in mineral medium. Strain U226 of M. loti only produced small amounts of amino acids and glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, cysteine, methionine, lysine and phenylalanine was not liberated into the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salmeron-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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Lopez-Barea F, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Sanchez-Herrera S, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Burgos-Lizaldez E. Primary epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of bone. Case report and literature review. Virchows Arch 1999; 434:367-71. [PMID: 10335949 DOI: 10.1007/s004280050354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of bone located in the right knee of a 51-year-old woman. Plain radiograph and CT scan revealed a poorly defined lytic and destructive mass in the upper metaepiphyseal right tibia which involved surrounding soft tissues. The lesion was composed of proliferating monotonous round cells with a high mitotic activity with scanty intersecting spindle cell fascicles. Immunohistochemistry of both areas demonstrated a strong positivity for actin (HHF-35 and alpha-SMA) and vimentin, and negative reactions for desmin, keratin (AE1 AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, factor VIII-related antigen, CD 31 and CD 34. Ultrastructural study confirmed a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. This is the first detailed description of the microscopic and radiological features of primary epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lopez-Barea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Pozo C, Salmeron V, Rodelas B, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Effects of the herbicide alachlor on soil microbial activities. Ecotoxicology 1994; 3:4-10. [PMID: 24201862 DOI: 10.1007/bf00121384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/1993] [Accepted: 05/28/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
: A study was made of the effects of one selected acetanilide herbicide, alachlor, at concentrations of 2.0-10.0 kg ha(-1) on bacterial populations, fungi, dinitrogen fixation bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, nitrogenase activity, acid and alkaline phosphatases, arylsulfatase and deshydrogenase. The presence of 2.0-10.0 kg ha(-1) of alachlor in the soil increased the total number of bacteria and fungi. The population of denitrifying bacteria increased significantly at concentrations of 5.0-10.0 kg ha(-1). However, aerobic dinitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogenase activity decreased at alachlor concentrations of 3.5-10.0 kg ha(-1). Acid and alkaline phosphatases, arylsulfatase and dehydrogenase activity decreased significantly initially at concentrations of 5.0-10.0 kg ha(-1), but recovered to levels similar to those in the control. Nitrifying bacteria were not affected as a consequence of the addition of the herbicide to agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pozo
- Group of Nitrogen Fixation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Lopez-Barea F, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Lamas-Lorenzo M. Case report 821: Parosteal ossifying lipoma of femur. Skeletal Radiol 1994; 23:67-9. [PMID: 8160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parosteal lipoma with bony excrescences at the periosteal base of the tumor is rare. Only one case has been reported with osseous and cartilaginous nodules throughout the lipoma. We describe an additional case in a 39-year-old man. We emphasize the characteristic radiological appearance of the lesion as well as the possibility of a dual histogenesis for the osteochondromatous component. We also stress the great value of CT in establishing the diagnosis.
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de la Rubia T, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Moreno J, Martinez-Toledo MV, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Adenine nucleotide contents and energy charge of Azotobacter vinelandii grown at low phosphate concentration. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00406132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Quevedo-Sarmiento J, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Isolation and characterization of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from natural spring waters in the Lanjaron area (Spain). J Appl Bacteriol 1986; 61:365-72. [PMID: 3781942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from nine natural mineral water springs in the Lanjaron area of Spain over the period July 1980 to May 1981. The mineral waters contained few bacteria (mean counts 26-5275 cfu per 100 ml) and the bacterial flora of all nine springs was very similar. Most of the isolates were Gram-negative rods (90%), and among these Pseudomonas spp. and members of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga-Flexibacter group were numerically dominant. Aeromonas-Vibrio and Enterobacteriaceae isolates were an important fraction of the total number, but isolates from remaining groups (Acinetobacter, Chromobacterium, Alcaligenes and Gram-positive organisms) constituted only a small proportion of the flora. The comparatively small number of species isolated, and the occurrence of no more than three or four different bacterial types in spring water of different chemical and physical composition is discussed.
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Rubia T, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Martinez-Toledo M, Moreno J, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Adenine nucleotide content and energy charge in dry cells and cysts ofAzotobacter vinelandii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rubia T, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Moreno J, Martinez-Toledo M, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Adenine nucleotide content and energy charge ofBacillus megateriumduring batch growth in low-phosphate medium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Salmeron V, De La Rubia T, Ballesteros F, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Properties ofAzotobacter vinelandii in phosphate-limited batch cultures. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02926834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Dry soils stored in glass containers in the laboratory and protected from contamination for periods of 22 to 24 years yielded numerous colonies of
Azotobacter chroococcum
and other members of the family
Azotobacteraceae
. These results were compared with those reported in 1974, and the findings are uniformly consistent in terms of surviving populations. The data prove that these bacteria remain viable after prolonged periods of dormancy in much the same way as do the endospores of gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Texas State University, Denton, Texas 76203
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Martinez-Toledo M, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Rubia T, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Isolation and characterization ofAzotobacter chroococcumfrom the roots ofZea mays. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rivadeneiea MA, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Influence of ammonium ions on calcite and struvite formation byazotobacter in chemically defined media. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02922498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gonzalez-Lopez J, Moreno J, de la Rubia T, Martinez-Toledo MV, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Toxicity of dicamba (2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid) to Azotobacter vinelandii. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1984; 29:127-30. [PMID: 6724435 DOI: 10.1007/bf02872928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dicamba was studied in N-free medium inoculated with Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. Nitrogen fixation was determined by acetylene reduction. Dicamba at a concentration of 500 micrograms/mL had a strong inhibitory effect on nitrogenase activity. However, no inhibitory effect on microbial respiration was detected.
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Gonzalez-Lopez J, Bravo-Mancheño V, Ramos-Cormenzana A. Thermoresistance of azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 in defined and dialysed soil media: filtrable forms. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1982; 133:317-24. [PMID: 7149528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresistance of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 in nitrogen-free (defined) medium and dialysed soil medium was established. These microorganisms showed thermoresistance in the defined medium, but in the dialysed soil medium they were very sensitive to heat. Thermosensitivity in the dialysed soils medium was due to the production of germinal cells (filtrable forms) and not to the presence of any kind of cytoplasmic inclusions such as poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, metachromatic, glycogen or unstaining granules.
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