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Paul P, Dhatt BK, Miller M, Folsom JJ, Wang Z, Krassovskaya I, Liu K, Sandhu J, Yu H, Zhang C, Obata T, Staswick P, Walia H. MADS78 and MADS79 Are Essential Regulators of Early Seed Development in Rice. Plant Physiol 2020; 182:933-948. [PMID: 31818903 PMCID: PMC6997703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MADS box transcription factors (TFs) are subdivided into type I and II based on phylogenetic analysis. The type II TFs regulate floral organ identity and flowering time, but type I TFs are relatively less characterized. Here, we report the functional characterization of two type I MADS box TFs in rice (Oryza sativa), MADS78 and MADS79 Transcript abundance of both these genes in developing seed peaked at 48 h after fertilization and was suppressed by 96 h after fertilization, corresponding to syncytial and cellularized stages of endosperm development, respectively. Seeds overexpressing MADS78 and MADS 79 exhibited delayed endosperm cellularization, while CRISPR-Cas9-mediated single knockout mutants showed precocious endosperm cellularization. MADS78 and MADS 79 were indispensable for seed development, as a double knockout mutant failed to make viable seeds. Both MADS78 and 79 interacted with MADS89, another type I MADS box, which enhances nuclear localization. The expression analysis of Fie1, a rice FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED-POLYCOMB REPRESSOR COMPLEX2 component, in MADS78 and 79 mutants and vice versa established an antithetical relation, suggesting that Fie1 could be involved in negative regulation of MADS78 and MADS 79 Misregulation of MADS78 and MADS 79 perturbed auxin homeostasis and carbon metabolism, as evident by misregulation of genes involved in auxin transport and signaling as well as starch biosynthesis genes causing structural abnormalities in starch granules at maturity. Collectively, we show that MADS78 and MADS 79 are essential regulators of early seed developmental transition and impact both seed size and quality in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Paul
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Balpreet K Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Jing J Folsom
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Inga Krassovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Huihui Yu
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
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Chen C, Begcy K, Liu K, Folsom JJ, Wang Z, Zhang C, Walia H. Heat stress yields a unique MADS box transcription factor in determining seed size and thermal sensitivity. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:606-22. [PMID: 26936896 PMCID: PMC4854699 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Early seed development events are highly sensitive to increased temperature. This high sensitivity to a short-duration temperature spike reduces seed viability and seed size at maturity. The molecular basis of heat stress sensitivity during early seed development is not known. We selected rice (Oryza sativa), a highly heat-sensitive species, to explore this phenomenon. Here, we elucidate the molecular pathways that contribute to the heat sensitivity of a critical developmental window during which the endosperm transitions from syncytium to the cellularization stage in young seeds. A transcriptomic comparison of seeds exposed to moderate (35°C) and severe (39°C) heat stress with control (28°C) seeds identified a set of putative imprinted genes, which were down-regulated under severe heat stress. Several type I MADS box genes specifically expressed during the syncytial stage were differentially regulated under moderate and severe heat stress. The suppression and overaccumulation of these genes are associated with precocious and delayed cellularization under moderate and severe stress, respectively. We show that modulating the expression of OsMADS87, one of the heat-sensitive, imprinted genes associated with syncytial stage endosperm, regulates rice seed size. Transgenic seeds deficient in OsMADS87 exhibit accelerated endosperm cellularization. These seeds also have lower sensitivity to a moderate heat stress in terms of seed size reduction compared with seeds from wild-type plants and plants overexpressing OsMADS87 Our findings suggest that OsMADS87 and several other genes identified in this study could be potential targets for improving the thermal resilience of rice during reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Kevin Begcy
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Jing J Folsom
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (C.C., K.B., J.J.F., Z.W., H.W.) and School of Biological Sciences (K.L., C.Z.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; andKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (C.C.)
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Folsom JJ, Begcy K, Hao X, Wang D, Walia H. Rice fertilization-Independent Endosperm1 regulates seed size under heat stress by controlling early endosperm development. Plant Physiol 2014; 165:238-48. [PMID: 24590858 PMCID: PMC4012583 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.232413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although heat stress reduces seed size in rice (Oryza sativa), little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed reduction in seed size and yield. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of heat sensitivity and reduced seed size, we imposed a moderate (34°C) and a high (42°C) heat stress treatment on developing rice seeds during the postfertilization stage. Both stress treatments reduced the final seed size. At a cellular level, the moderate heat stress resulted in precocious endosperm cellularization, whereas severe heat-stressed seeds failed to cellularize. Initiation of endosperm cellularization is a critical developmental transition required for normal seed development, and it is controlled by Polycomb Repressive Complex2 (PRC2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that a member of PRC2 called Fertilization-Independent Endosperm1 (OsFIE1) was sensitive to temperature changes, and its expression was negatively correlated with the duration of the syncytial stage during heat stress. Seeds from plants overexpressing OsFIE1 had reduced seed size and exhibited precocious cellularization. The DNA methylation status and a repressive histone modification of OsFIE1 were observed to be temperature sensitive. Our data suggested that the thermal sensitivity of seed enlargement could partly be caused by altered epigenetic regulation of endosperm development during the transition from the syncytial to the cellularized state.
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Schmitz AJ, Folsom JJ, Jikamaru Y, Ronald P, Walia H. SUB1A-mediated submergence tolerance response in rice involves differential regulation of the brassinosteroid pathway. New Phytol 2013; 198:1060-1070. [PMID: 23496140 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
· Submergence 1A (SUB1A), is an ethylene response factor (ERF) that confers submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) via limiting shoot elongation during the inundation period. SUB1A has been proposed to restrict shoot growth by modulating gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. · Our transcriptome analysis indicated that SUB1A differentially regulates genes associated with brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis during submergence. Consistent with the gene expression data, the SUB1A genotype had higher brassinosteroid levels after submergence compared to the intolerant genotype. Tolerance to submergence can be activated in the intolerant genotype by pretreatment with exogenous brassinolide, which results in restricted shoot elongation during submergence. · BR induced a GA catabolic gene, resulting in lower GA levels in SUB1A plants. BR treatment also induced the DELLA protein SLR1, a known repressor of GA responses such as shoot elongation. We propose that BR limits GA levels during submergence in the SUB1A rice through a GA catabolic enzyme as part of an early response and may repress GA responses by inducing SLR1 after several days of submergence. · Our results suggest that BR biosynthesis is regulated in a SUB1A-dependent manner during submergence and is involved in modulating the GA signaling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Schmitz
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Jing J Folsom
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Yusuke Jikamaru
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Pamela Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Placido DF, Campbell MT, Folsom JJ, Cui X, Kruger GR, Baenziger PS, Walia H. Introgression of novel traits from a wild wheat relative improves drought adaptation in wheat. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:1806-19. [PMID: 23426195 PMCID: PMC3613457 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.214262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. In this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an alien chromosome segment (7DL) from a wild wheat relative species (Agropyron elongatum) into cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat translocation line had improved water stress adaptation and higher root and shoot biomass compared with the control genotypes, which showed significant drops in root and shoot biomass during stress. Enhanced access to water due to higher root biomass enabled the translocation line to maintain more favorable gas-exchange and carbon assimilation levels relative to the wild-type wheat genotypes during water stress. Transcriptome analysis identified candidate genes associated with root development. Two of these candidate genes mapped to the site of translocation on chromosome 7DL based on single-feature polymorphism analysis. A brassinosteroid signaling pathway was predicted to be involved in the novel root responses observed in the A. elongatum translocation line, based on the coexpression-based gene network generated by seeding the network with the candidate genes. We present an effective and highly integrated approach that combines root phenotyping, whole-plant physiology, and functional genomics to discover novel root traits and the underlying genes from a wild related species to improve drought adaptation in cultivated wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante F. Placido
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
| | - Malachy T. Campbell
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
| | - Jing J. Folsom
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
| | - Xinping Cui
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
| | - Greg R. Kruger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
| | - P. Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (D.F.P., M.T.C., J.J.F., G.R.K., P.S.B., H.W.); and
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 (X.C.)
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