1
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Ramspoth TF, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Feringa BL, Harutyunyan SR. A highly efficient and sustainable catalyst system for terminal epoxy-carboxylic acid ring opening reactions. Green Chem 2024; 26:3346-3355. [PMID: 38505506 PMCID: PMC10948088 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc04301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides by carboxylic acids is an indispensable transformation for materials science and coating technologies. Due to this industrial significance, improvements in operational energy consumption and catalyst sustainability are highly desirable for this transformation. Herein, an efficient, environmentally benign and non-toxic halide free cooperative catalyst system based on an iron(iii) benzoate complex and guanidinium carbonate is reported. The novel catalyst system shows improved activity over onium halide catalysts under neat conditions and in several solvents, including anisole and nBuOAc. Detailed mechanistic studies using FeCl3/DMAP as a catalyst revealed the importance of a carboxylate bridged cationic trinuclear μ3-oxo iron cluster and guanidinium carbonate or DMAP as a carboxylate reservoir due to its superior activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian-Frank Ramspoth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Department Resin Technology, AkzoNobel Car Refinishes BV 2171 AJ Sassenheim The Netherlands
| | - Keimpe J van den Berg
- Department Resin Technology, AkzoNobel Car Refinishes BV 2171 AJ Sassenheim The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Advanced Research Center Chemical Building Blocks Consortium (ARC CBBC), University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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2
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de Zwart FJ, Wolzak LA, Laan PCM, Mathew S, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Thermal/Blue Light Induced Cross-Linking of Acrylic Coatings with Diazo Compounds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300380. [PMID: 37595267 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The thermal curing of industrial coatings (e.g., car painting and metal coil coatings) is accompanied by a substantial energy consumption due to the intrinsically high temperatures required during the curing process. Therefore, the development of new photochemical curing processes-preferably using visible light-is in high demand. This work describes new diazo-based cross-linkers that can be used to photocure acrylic coatings using blue light. This work demonstrates that the structure of the tethered diazo compounds influences the cross-linking efficiency, finding that side reactions are suppressed upon engineering greater molecular flexibility. Importantly, this work shows that these diazo compounds can be employed as either thermal or photochemical cross-linkers, exhibiting identical crosslinking performances. The performance of diazo-cross-linked coatings is evaluated to reveal excellent water resistance and demonstrably similar material properties to UV-cured acrylates. These studies pave the way for further usage of diazo-functionalized cross-linkers in the curing of paints and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas A Wolzak
- Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes B.V., Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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3
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Siebe HS, Sardjan AS, Maßmann SC, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Eisink NNHM, Kentgens APM, Feringa BL, Kumar A, Browne WR. Formation of substituted dioxanes in the oxidation of gum arabic with periodate. Green Chem 2023; 25:4058-4066. [PMID: 37223211 PMCID: PMC10202368 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc04923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Renewable polysaccharide feedstocks are of interest in bio-based food packaging, coatings and hydrogels. Their physical properties often need to be tuned by chemical modification, e.g. by oxidation using periodate, to introduce carboxylic acid, ketone or aldehyde functional groups. The reproducibility required for application on an industrial scale, however, is challenged by uncertainty about the composition of product mixtures obtained and of the precise structural changes that the reaction with periodate induces. Here, we show that despite the structural diversity of gum arabic, primarily rhamnose and arabinose subunits undergo oxidation, whereas (in-chain) galacturonic acids are unreactive towards periodate. Using model sugars, we show that periodate preferentially oxidises the anti 1,2-diols in the rhamnopyranoside monosaccharides present as terminal groups in the biopolymer. While formally oxidation of vicinal diols results in the formation of two aldehyde groups, only traces of aldehydes are observed in solution, with the main final products obtained being substituted dioxanes, both in solution and in the solid state. The substituted dioxanes form most likely by the intramolecular reaction of one aldehyde with a nearby hydroxyl group, followed by hydration of the remaining aldehyde to form a geminal diol. The absence of significant amounts of aldehyde functional groups in the modified polymer impacts crosslinking strategies currently attempted in the preparation of renewable polysaccharide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmke S Siebe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sarina C Maßmann
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings BV Rijksstraatweg 31 Sassenheim 2171 AJ The Netherlands
| | | | - Niek N H M Eisink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Arno P M Kentgens
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI) P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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4
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Jahanmard F, Khodaei A, Flapper J, Dogan O, Roohi K, Taheri P, Weinans H, Storm G, Croes M, Mastrobattista E, Yavari SA. Osteoimmunomodulatory GelMA/liposome coatings to promote bone regeneration of orthopedic implants. J Control Release 2023; 358:667-680. [PMID: 37207794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most widely used biomaterials in orthopedic surgery, metallic implants do not induce new bone growth because they are bioinert. Surface biofunctionalization of implants with immunomodulatory mediators is a recent approach to promote osteogenic factors that facilitate bone regeneration. Liposomes (Lip) can be used as a low-cost, efficient and simple immunomodulator to stimulate immune cells in favor of bone regeneration. Even though liposomal coating systems have been reported previously, their main disadvantage is their limited ability to preserve liposome integrity after drying. In order to address this issue, we developed a hybrid system in which liposomes could be embedded in a polymeric hydrogel namely gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Specifically, we have developed a novel versatile coating strategy using electrospray technology to coat implants with GelMA/Liposome without using adhesive intermediate layer. The two differently charged Lip (i.e., anionic and cationic) were blended with GelMA and coated via electrospray technology on the bone-implant surfaces. The results showed that the developed coating withstood mechanical stress during surgical replacement, and Lip inside GelMA coating stayed intact in different storage conditions for a minimum of 4 weeks. Surprisingly, bare Lip, either cationic or anionic, improved the osteogenesis of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, even at a low dosage of Lip released from the GelMA coating. More importantly, we showed that the inflammatory response could be fine-tuned by selecting the Lip concentration, Lip/hydrogel ratio, and coating thickness to determine the timing of the release such that we can accommodate different clinical needs. These promising results pave the way to use these Lip coatings to load different types of therapeutic cargo for bone-implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jahanmard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Khodaei
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Flapper
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - O Dogan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Roohi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - P Taheri
- Department of Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - S Amin Yavari
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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5
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de Zwart FJ, Laan PCM, van Leeuwen NS, Bobylev EO, Amstalden van Hove ER, Mathew S, Yan N, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Isocyanate-Free Polyurea Synthesis via Ru-Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into the N–H Bonds of Urea. Macromolecules 2022; 55:9690-9696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C. M. Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S. van Leeuwen
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O. Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erika R. Amstalden van Hove
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Environmental and Health, Free University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Yan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Abstract
Herein, we show that the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; arene = C6H6, C6H5Me) act as latent catalysts that allow for photochemical control over the onset of alkyd paint curing, without the need for antiskinning agents such as the volatile 2-butanone oxime normally used to prevent curing during paint storage. The highly soluble neutral complexes [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] and [(Cp)Fe(Ch')] (Ch = cyclohexadienyl, Ch' = methylcyclohexadienyl) readily convert to the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ upon oxidation in alkyd, allowing the latter to be dosed in a wide range of concentrations. Infrared and Raman studies show similar spectral changes of the alkyd paint matrix as have been observed in alkyd curing mediated by well-known, industrially applied cobalt- and manganese-based catalyst Co(neodecanoate)2 and [(Me3TACN)2Mn2(μ-OOCR)3](OOCR). The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ system performs equally well as these cobalt- and manganese-based catalysts in terms of drying time and outperform the manganese catalyst by showing a hardness development (increase) similar to that of the cobalt-based catalyst. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance and light-activity studies, we propose that photolysis of [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ generates short-lived active FeII species, explaining the desired latency. The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ alkyd curing systems presented herein are unique examples of intrinsically latent paint curing catalysts that (1) are based on an abundant and harmless transition metal (Fe), (2) do not require any antiskinning agents, and (3) show favorable performance in terms of drying times and hardness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bootsma
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo
Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Eijsink LE, Sardjan AS, Sinnema EG, den Besten H, van den Berg KJ, Flapper J, van Gemert R, Feringa BL, Browne WR. In situ EPR and Raman spectroscopy in the curing of bis-methacrylate-styrene resins. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2537-2548. [PMID: 35425317 PMCID: PMC8979059 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The curing of bis-methacrylate-styrene resins initiated by the cobalt catalyzed decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide is monitored at ambient temperatures in situ by EPR and Raman spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy shows the appearance of organic radicals after ca. 1 h from initiation with an increase in intensity from both polystyrene and methacrylate based radical species over a further ca. 2 h period to reach a maximum spin concentration of ca. 2-3 mM. Alkene conversion to polymer was monitored by Raman spectroscopy in real time in situ with EPR spectroscopy and reveals that the appearance of the radical signals is first observed only as the conversion approaches its maximum extent (70% at room temperature), i.e., the resin reaches a glass-like state. The radicals persist for several months on standing at room temperature. Flash frozen samples (77 K) did not show EPR signals within 1 h of initiation. The nature of the radicals responsible for the EPR spectra observed were explored by DFT methods and isotope labelling experiments (D8-styrene) and correspond to radicals of both methacrylate and polystyrene. Combined temperature dependent EPR and Raman spectroscopy shows that conversion increases rapidly upon heating of a cured sample, reaching full conversion at 80 °C with initially little effect on the EPR spectrum. Over time (i.e. subsequent to reaching full conversion of alkene) there was a small but clear increase in the EPR signal due to the methacrylate based radicals and minor decrease in the signal due to the polystyrene based radicals. The appearance of the radical signals as the reaction reaches completion and their absence in samples flash frozen before polymerization has halted, indicate that the observed radicals are non-propagating. The formation of the radicals due to stress within the samples is excluded. Hence, the observed radicals are a representative of the steady state concentration of radicals present in the resin over the entire timespan of the polymerization. The data indicate that the lack of EPR signals is most likely due to experimental aspects, in particular spin saturation, rather than low steady state concentrations of propagating radicals during polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Eijsink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Esther G Sinnema
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Hugo den Besten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | | | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V. Rijksstraatweg 31 Sassenheim 2171 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gemert
- Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes N.V. Rijksstraatweg 31 Sassenheim 2171 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747AG The Netherlands
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8
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Sieredzinska B, Zhang Q, Berg KJVD, Flapper J, Feringa BL. Photo-crosslinking polymers by dynamic covalent disulfide bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9838-9841. [PMID: 34498635 PMCID: PMC8477374 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and general strategy to construct photo-crosslinkable polymers by introducing sidechain 1,2-dithiolanes based on natural thioctic acid is presented. The disulfide five-membered rings act both as light-absorbing and dynamic covalent crosslinking units, enabling efficient photo-crosslinking and reversible chemical decrosslinking of polydimethylsiloxane polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Sieredzinska
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Keimpe J van den Berg
- Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Flapper J, van Leeuwen PWNM, Elsevier CJ, Kamer PCJ. Nickel and Palladium Complexes of Pyridine-Phosphine Ligands Bearing Aromatic Substituents and Their Behavior as Catalysts in Ethene Oligomerization. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitte Flapper
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Cornelis J. Elsevier
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
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10
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Flapper J, Kooijman H, Lutz M, Spek AL, van Leeuwen PWNM, Elsevier CJ, Kamer PCJ. Nickel and Palladium Complexes of New Pyridine-Phosphine Ligands and Their Use in Ethene Oligomerization. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900038u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitte Flapper
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Huub Kooijman
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Martin Lutz
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Cornelis J. Elsevier
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K
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Flapper J, Kooijman H, Lutz M, Spek AL, van Leeuwen PWNM, Elsevier CJ, Kamer PCJ. Nickel and Palladium Complexes of Pyridine−Phosphine Ligands as Ethene Oligomerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800903n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitte Flapper
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Kooijman
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Elsevier
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K., Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Flapper J, Wormald P, Lutz M, Spek AL, van Leeuwen PWNM, Elsevier CJ, Kamer PCJ. cis
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– or Both: Steric Bulk Determines Coordination Mode of Dimeric Palladium Complexes with Bridging Pyridine‐Phosphane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitte Flapper
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Wormald
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, UK, Fax: +44‐1334‐463‐808
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht Univerity, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht Univerity, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Elsevier
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, UK, Fax: +44‐1334‐463‐808
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Flapper J, Reek J. Templated Encapsulation of Pyridyl-Bian Palladium Complexes: Tunable Catalysts for CO/4-tert-Butylstyrene Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Flapper J, Reek J. Templated Encapsulation of Pyridyl-Bian Palladium Complexes: Tunable Catalysts for CO/4-tert-Butylstyrene Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8590-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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