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Brockmeier SL, Register KB, Kuehn JS, Nicholson TL, Loving CL, Bayles DO, Shore SM, Phillips GJ. Virulence and draft genome sequence overview of multiple strains of the swine pathogen Haemophilus parasuis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103787. [PMID: 25137096 PMCID: PMC4138102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the cause of Glässer's disease in swine, which is characterized by systemic infection resulting in polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. Investigation of this animal disease is complicated by the enormous differences in the severity of disease caused by H. parasuis strains, ranging from lethal systemic disease to subclinical carriage. To identify differences in genotype that could account for virulence phenotypes, we established the virulence of, and performed whole genome sequence analysis on, 11 H. parasuis strains. Virulence was assessed by evaluating morbidity and mortality following intranasal challenge of Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs. Genomic DNA from strains Nagasaki (serotype 5), 12939 (serotype 1), SW140 (serotype 2), 29755 (serotype 5), MN-H (serotype 13), 84-15995 (serotype 15), SW114 (serotype 3), H465 (serotype 11), D74 (serotype 9), and 174 (serotype 7) was used to generate Illumina paired-end libraries for genomic sequencing and de novo assembly. H. parasuis strains Nagasaki, 12939, SH0165 (serotype 5), SW140, 29755, and MN-H exhibited a high level of virulence. Despite minor differences in expression of disease among these groups, all pigs challenged with these strains developed clinical signs consistent with Glässer's disease between 1–7 days post-challenge. H. parasuis strains 84-15995 and SW114 were moderately virulent, in that approximately half of the pigs infected with each developed Glässer's disease. H. parasuis strains H465, D74, and 174 were minimally virulent or avirulent in the CDCD pig model. Comparative genomic analysis among strains identified several noteworthy differences in coding regions. These coding regions include predicted outer membrane, metabolism, and pilin or adhesin related genes, some of which likely contributed to the differences in virulence and systemic disease observed following challenge. These data will be useful for identifying H. parasuis virulence factors and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Brockmeier
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Shore
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Kuehn JS, Gorden PJ, Munro D, Rong R, Dong Q, Plummer PJ, Wang C, Phillips GJ. Bacterial community profiling of milk samples as a means to understand culture-negative bovine clinical mastitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61959. [PMID: 23634219 PMCID: PMC3636265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection of bovine mammary glands, commonly known as mastitis, imposes significant losses each year in the dairy industry worldwide. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agents of mastitis, many clinical mastitis cases remain culture negative, even after enrichment for bacterial growth. To understand the basis for this increasingly common phenomenon, the composition of bacterial communities from milk samples was analyzed using culture independent pyrosequencing of amplicons of 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA). Comparisons were made of the microbial community composition of culture negative milk samples from mastitic quarters with that of non-mastitic quarters from the same animals. Genomic DNA from culture-negative clinical and healthy quarter sample pairs was isolated, and amplicon libraries were prepared using indexed primers specific to the V1–V2 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and sequenced using the Roche 454 GS FLX with titanium chemistry. Evaluation of the taxonomic composition of these samples revealed significant differences in the microbiota in milk from mastitic and healthy quarters. Statistical analysis identified seven bacterial genera that may be mainly responsible for the observed microbial community differences between mastitic and healthy quarters. Collectively, these results provide evidence that cases of culture negative mastitis can be associated with bacterial species that may be present below culture detection thresholds used here. The application of culture-independent bacterial community profiling represents a powerful approach to understand long-standing questions in animal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Gorden
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel Munro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruichen Rong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qunfeng Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and is the etiologic agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, a systemic syndrome associated with only a subset of isolates. The genetic basis for virulence and systemic spread of particular H. parasuis isolates is currently unknown. Strain 29755 is an invasive isolate that has long been used in the study of Glässer's disease. Accordingly, the genome sequence of strain 29755 is of considerable importance to investigators endeavoring to understand the molecular pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Here we describe the features of the 2,224,137 bp draft genome sequence of strain 29755 generated from 454-FLX pyrosequencing. These data comprise the first publicly available genome sequence for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Mullins
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B. Register
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
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