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Moran C, Seger C, Taylor K, Oddy S, Burling K, Rajanayagam O, Fairall L, McGowan A, Lyons G, Halsall D, Gurnell M, Schwabe J, Chatterjee K, Strey C. Hyperthyroxinemia and Hypercortisolemia due to Familial Dysalbuminemia. Thyroid 2020; 30:1681-1684. [PMID: 32669045 PMCID: PMC7692891 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 23-year-old man and his grandmother with hyperthyroxinemia and hypercortisolemia were heterozygous for an ALB mutation (p. Arg218Pro), known to cause familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). However, serum-free cortisol levels in these individuals were normal and total cortisol concentrations fell markedly after depletion of albumin from their serum. We conclude that binding of steroid as well as iodothyronines to mutant albumin causes raised circulating cortisol as well as thyroid hormones in euthyroid euadrenal individuals with R218P FDH, with potential for misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigation, and inappropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Moran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Seger
- Risch Laboratory Group, Lagerstrasse, Buchs, SG, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Taylor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Oddy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Burling
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Odelia Rajanayagam
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Fairall
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McGowan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Halsall
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gurnell
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Schwabe
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Krishna Chatterjee, MD, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Wu M, Hayward D, Kalin JH, Song Y, Schwabe J, Cole PA. Analysis of CoREST Complex‐Chromatin Interactions with Chemical Tools. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.524.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Dawn Hayward
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Jay H. Kalin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Yun Song
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Cole
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Moran C, Agostini M, McGowan A, Schoenmakers E, Fairall L, Lyons G, Rajanayagam O, Watson L, Offiah A, Barton J, Price S, Schwabe J, Chatterjee K. Contrasting Phenotypes in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Alpha Correlate with Divergent Properties of Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Mutant Proteins. Thyroid 2017; 27:973-982. [PMID: 28471274 PMCID: PMC5561448 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα), a disorder characterized by tissue-selective hypothyroidism and near-normal thyroid function tests due to thyroid receptor alpha gene mutations, is rare but probably under-recognized. This study sought to correlate the clinical characteristics and response to thyroxine (T4) therapy in two adolescent RTHα patients with the properties of the THRA mutation, affecting both TRα1 and TRα2 proteins, they harbored. METHODS Clinical, auxological, biochemical, and physiological parameters were assessed in each patient at baseline and after T4 therapy. RESULTS Heterozygous THRA mutations occurring de novo were identified in a 17-year-old male (patient P1; c.788C>T, p.A263V mutation) investigated for mild pubertal delay and in a 15-year-old male (patient P2; c.821T>C, p.L274P mutation) with short stature (0.4th centile), skeletal dysplasia, dysmorphic facies, and global developmental delay. Both individuals exhibited macrocephaly, delayed dentition, and constipation, together with a subnormal T4/triiodothyronine (T3) ratio, low reverse T3 levels, and mild anemia. When studied in vitro, A263V mutant TRα1 was transcriptionally impaired and inhibited the function of its wild-type counterpart at low (0.01-10 nM) T3 levels, with higher T3 concentrations (100 nM-1 μM) reversing dysfunction and such dominant negative inhibition. In contrast, L274P mutant TRα1 was transcriptionally inert, exerting significant dominant negative activity, only overcome with 10 μM of T3. Mirroring this, normal expression of KLF9, a TH-responsive target gene, was achieved in A263V mutation-containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells following 1 μM of T3 exposure, but with markedly reduced expression levels in L274P mutation-containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even with 10 μM of T3. Following T4 therapy, growth, body composition, dyspraxia, and constipation improved in P1, whereas growth retardation and constipation in P2 were unchanged. Neither A263V nor L274P mutations exhibited gain or loss of function in the TRα2 background, and no additional phenotype attributable to this was discerned. CONCLUSIONS This study correlates a milder clinical phenotype and favorable response to T4 therapy in a RTHα patient (P1) with heterozygosity for mutant TRα1 exhibiting partial, T3-reversible, loss of function. In contrast, a more severe clinical phenotype refractory to hormone therapy was evident in another case (P2) associated with severe, virtually irreversible, dysfunction of mutant TRα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Moran
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maura Agostini
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne McGowan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Fairall
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Odelia Rajanayagam
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Watson
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka Offiah
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Barton
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Price
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Following the first isolation of nuclear receptor (NR) genes, genetic disorders caused by NR gene mutations were initially discovered by a candidate gene approach based on their known roles in endocrine pathways and physiologic processes. Subsequently, the identification of disorders has been informed by phenotypes associated with gene disruption in animal models or by genetic linkage studies. More recently, whole exome sequencing has associated pathogenic genetic variants with unexpected, often multisystem, human phenotypes. To date, defects in 20 of 48 human NR genes have been associated with human disorders, with different mutations mediating phenotypes of varying severity or several distinct conditions being associated with different changes in the same gene. Studies of individuals with deleterious genetic variants can elucidate novel roles of human NRs, validating them as targets for drug development or providing new insights into structure-function relationships. Importantly, human genetic discoveries enable definitive disease diagnosis and can provide opportunities to therapeutically manage affected individuals. Here we review germline changes in human NR genes associated with "monogenic" conditions, including a discussion of the structural basis of mutations that cause distinctive changes in NR function and the molecular mechanisms mediating pathogenesis.
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Marticorena Garcia S, Schwabe J, Jung E, Fischer T. Quantitative Perfusionsanalyse mittels Kontrastmittelsonografie (CEUS) zur Differenzierung eines aggressiven Prostatakarzinoms. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Schwabe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Radiologie, Berlin
| | - E Jung
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Radiologie, Berlin
| | - T Fischer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Radiologie, Berlin
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Scheinert M, Ferraccioli F, Schwabe J, Bell R, Studinger M, Damaske D, Jokat W, Aleshkova N, Jordan T, Leitchenkov G, Blankenship DD, Damiani TM, Young D, Cochran JR, Richter TD. New Antarctic Gravity Anomaly Grid for Enhanced Geodetic and Geophysical Studies in Antarctica. Geophys Res Lett 2016; 43:600-610. [PMID: 29326484 PMCID: PMC5759340 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl067439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gravity surveying is challenging in Antarctica because of its hostile environment and inaccessibility. Nevertheless, many ground-based, airborne and shipborne gravity campaigns have been completed by the geophysical and geodetic communities since the 1980s. We present the first modern Antarctic-wide gravity data compilation derived from 13 million data points covering an area of 10 million km2, which corresponds to 73% coverage of the continent. The remove-compute-restore technique was applied for gridding, which facilitated levelling of the different gravity datasets with respect to an Earth Gravity Model derived from satellite data alone. The resulting free-air and Bouguer gravity anomaly grids of 10 km resolution are publicly available. These grids will enable new high-resolution combined Earth Gravity Models to be derived and represent a major step forward towards solving the geodetic polar data gap problem. They provide a new tool to investigate continental-scale lithospheric structure and geological evolution of Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Scheinert
- Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F. Ferraccioli
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Schwabe
- Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R. Bell
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | | | - D. Damaske
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany
| | - W. Jokat
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Geoscience, Department, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - T. Jordan
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Leitchenkov
- VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. D. Blankenship
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - T. M. Damiani
- National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - D. Young
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - J. R. Cochran
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - T. D. Richter
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
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Bacon T, Seiler C, Wolny M, Hughes R, Watson P, Schwabe J, Grigg R, Peckham M. Histone deacetylase 3 indirectly modulates tubulin acetylation. Biochem J 2015; 472:367-77. [PMID: 26450925 PMCID: PMC4661566 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a member of the Class I subfamily of HDACs, is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Its roles in the nucleus have been well characterized, but its cytoplasmic roles are still not elucidated fully. We found that blocking HDAC3 activity using MI192, a compound specific for HDAC3, modulated tubulin acetylation in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3. A brief 1 h treatment of PC3 cells with MI192 significantly increased levels of tubulin acetylation and ablated the dynamic behaviour of microtubules in live cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of HDAC3 in PC3 cells, significantly increased levels of tubulin acetylation, and overexpression reduced it. However, the active HDAC3-silencing mediator of retinoic and thyroid receptors (SMRT)-deacetylase-activating domain (DAD) complex did not directly deacetylate tubulin in vitro. These data suggest that HDAC3 indirectly modulates tubulin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Bacon
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Caroline Seiler
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Marcin Wolny
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Ruth Hughes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Peter Watson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - Ronald Grigg
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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8
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Schoenmakers N, Moran C, Campi I, Agostini M, Bacon O, Rajanayagam O, Schwabe J, Bradbury S, Barrett T, Geoghegan F, Druce M, Beck-Peccoz P, O'Toole A, Clark P, Bignell M, Lyons G, Halsall D, Gurnell M, Chatterjee K. A novel albumin gene mutation (R222I) in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1381-6. [PMID: 24646103 PMCID: PMC4191552 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia, characterized by abnormal circulating albumin with increased T4 affinity, causes artefactual elevation of free T4 concentrations in euthyroid individuals. OBJECTIVE Four unrelated index cases with discordant thyroid function tests in different assay platforms were investigated. DESIGN AND RESULTS Laboratory biochemical assessment, radiolabeled T4 binding studies, and ALB sequencing were undertaken. (125)I-T4 binding to both serum and albumin in affected individuals was markedly increased, comparable with known familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia cases. Sequencing showed heterozygosity for a novel ALB mutation (arginine to isoleucine at codon 222, R222I) in all four cases and segregation of the genetic defect with abnormal biochemical phenotype in one family. Molecular modeling indicates that arginine 222 is located within a high-affinity T4 binding site in albumin, with substitution by isoleucine, which has a smaller side chain predicted to reduce steric hindrance, thereby facilitating T4 and rT3 binding. When tested in current immunoassays, serum free T4 values from R222I heterozygotes were more measurably abnormal in one-step vs two-step assay architectures. Total rT3 measurements were also abnormally elevated. CONCLUSIONS A novel mutation (R222I) in the ALB gene mediates dominantly inherited dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. Susceptibility of current free T4 immunoassays to interference by this mutant albumin suggests likely future identification of individuals with this variant binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (N.S., C.M., M.A., O.R., G.L., M.G., K.C.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Institute of Endocrine Sciences (I.C., P.B.-P.), University of Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Biochemistry (J.S.), University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; Departments of Paediatrics (T.B.) and Clinical Chemistry (M.B.), Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Departments of Endocrinology (M.D.), St Bartholomew's Hospital, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (F.G.), Ealing Hospital, London UB1 3EU, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.O., P.C.), Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham B29 6JD, United Kingdom; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (O.B., S.B., D.H.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2OO, United Kingdom
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9
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Weber K, Harper N, Schwabe J, Cohen G. BIM-mediated membrane insertion of the BAK pore domain is an essential requirement for apoptosis. Cell Rep 2013; 5:409-20. [PMID: 24120870 PMCID: PMC3898696 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BAK activation represents a key step during apoptosis, but how it converts into a mitochondria-permeabilizing pore remains unclear. By further delineating the structural rearrangements involved, we reveal that BAK activation progresses through a series of independent steps: BH3-domain exposure, N-terminal change, oligomerization, and membrane insertion. Employing a “BCL-XL-addiction” model, we show that neutralization of BCL-XL by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 resulted in death only when cells were reconstituted with BCL-XL:BAK, but not BCL-2/ BCL-XL:BIM complexes. Although this resembles the indirect model, release of BAK from BCL-XL did not result in spontaneous adoption of the pore conformation. Commitment to apoptosis required association of the direct activator BIM with oligomeric BAK promoting its conversion to a membrane-inserted pore. The sequential nature of this cascade provides multiple opportunities for other BCL-2 proteins to interfere with or promote BAK activation and unites aspects of the indirect and direct activation models. A BH3 mimetic displaces BAK from BCL-XL consistent with the indirect activation model Released BAK undergoes a series of distinct independent conformational changes Oligomerization is not the final step in the activation cascade BIM promotes pre-pore-to-pore conversion supporting the “direct” activation model
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weber
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nicholas Harper
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerald M. Cohen
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Corresponding author
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10
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Nagy Z, Czimmerer Z, Szanto A, Daniel B, Schwabe J, Nagy L. P057 Cytokine mediated regulation of PPARg activity in human macrophages. Cytokine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Obermeier A, Matl FD, Schwabe J, Zimmermann A, Kühn KD, Lakemeier S, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Stemberger A, Burgkart R. Novel fatty acid gentamicin salts as slow-release drug carrier systems for anti-infective protection of vascular biomaterials. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:1675-1683. [PMID: 22476651 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Infections of vascular prostheses are still a major risk in surgery. The current work presents an in vitro evaluation of novel slow release antibiotic coatings based on new gentamicin fatty acid salts for polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. These grafts were coated with gentamicin sodium dodecyl sulfate, gentamicin laurate and gentamicin palmitate. Drug release kinetics, anti-infective characteristics, biocompatibility and haemocompatibility of developed coatings were compared to commercially available gelatin sealed PTFE grafts (SEALPTFE™) and knitted silver coated Dacron(®) grafts (InterGard(®)). Each gentamicin fatty acid coating showed a continuous drug release in the first eight hours followed by a low continuous release. Grafts coated with gentamicin fatty acids reduced bacterial growth even beyond pathologically relevant high concentrations. Cytotoxicity levels depending on drug formulation bringing up gentamicin palmitate as the most promising biocompatible coating. Thrombelastography studies, ELISA assays and an amidolytic substrate assay confirmed haemocompatibility of developed gentamicin fatty acid coatings comparable to commercially available grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Obermeier
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum r.d. Isar, Technische Universität München, Muskuloskelettale Forschung, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Schoenmakers E, Agostini M, Mitchell C, Schoenmakers N, Papp L, Rajanayagam O, Padidela R, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Doffinger R, Prevosto C, Luan J, Montano S, Lu J, Castanet M, Clemons N, Groeneveld M, Castets P, Karbaschi M, Aitken S, Dixon A, Williams J, Campi I, Blount M, Burton H, Muntoni F, O'Donovan D, Dean A, Warren A, Brierley C, Baguley D, Guicheney P, Fitzgerald R, Coles A, Gaston H, Todd P, Holmgren A, Khanna KK, Cooke M, Semple R, Halsall D, Wareham N, Schwabe J, Grasso L, Beck-Peccoz P, Ogunko A, Dattani M, Gurnell M, Chatterjee K. Mutations in the selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2 gene lead to a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder in humans. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4220-35. [PMID: 21084748 DOI: 10.1172/jci43653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, a trace element that is fundamental to human health, is incorporated into some proteins as selenocysteine (Sec), generating a family of selenoproteins. Sec incorporation is mediated by a multiprotein complex that includes Sec insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SECISBP2; also known as SBP2). Here, we describe subjects with compound heterozygous defects in the SECISBP2 gene. These individuals have reduced synthesis of most of the 25 known human selenoproteins, resulting in a complex phenotype. Azoospermia, with failure of the latter stages of spermatogenesis, was associated with a lack of testis-enriched selenoproteins. An axial muscular dystrophy was also present, with features similar to myopathies caused by mutations in selenoprotein N (SEPN1). Cutaneous deficiencies of antioxidant selenoenzymes, increased cellular ROS, and susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative damage may mediate the observed photosensitivity. Reduced levels of selenoproteins in peripheral blood cells were associated with impaired T lymphocyte proliferation, abnormal mononuclear cell cytokine secretion, and telomere shortening. Paradoxically, raised ROS in affected subjects was associated with enhanced systemic and cellular insulin sensitivity, similar to findings in mice lacking the antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1). Thus, mutation of SECISBP2 is associated with a multisystem disorder with defective biosynthesis of many selenoproteins, highlighting their role in diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Schoenmakers
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Castanet M, Mallya U, Agostini M, Schoenmakers E, Mitchell C, Demuth S, Raymond FL, Schwabe J, Gurnell M, Chatterjee VK. Maternal isodisomy for chromosome 9 causing homozygosity for a novel FOXE1 mutation in syndromic congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4031-6. [PMID: 20484477 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in forkhead box E1/thyroid transcription factor 2 (FOXE1/TTF-2) cause syndromic congenital hypothyroidism, with thyroid dysgenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair, and variable choanal atresia and bifid epiglottis in three cases reported hitherto. We have elucidated the molecular basis of the disorder in a female with a similar clinical phenotype, born to nonconsanguineous parents. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The FOXE1 gene, located on chromosome 9q22, was sequenced in the proband and family members. Microsatellite marker and multiplex ligation probe amplification analyses determined chromosomal inheritance patterns and FOXE1 copy number. Mutant FOXE1 function was predicted by structural modeling and tested in transfection assays. RESULTS The proband was homozygous for a novel missense (c.412T-->C; F137S) FOXE1 mutation, but her mother showed heterozygous and father wild-type alleles for this gene sequence. However, the proband was also homozygous for 10 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 9 with exclusively maternal inheritance. Multiplex ligation probe amplification assays showed two copies of FOXE1 in the proband, indicating maternal isodisomy for chromosome 9. Consistent with structural modeling, the F137S mutant FOXE1 protein failed to bind DNA and showed negligible transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION We have described the first case of uniparental disomy causing homozygosity for a novel, loss-of-function FOXE1/TTF-2 mutation in dysgenetic congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Castanet
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Medicine, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Schwabe J, Boggess B, Nguyen B, Gosai PG, Tashakkori P, Mowa NK, Mowa CN. VEGF up‐regulates pro‐inflammatory factors in the cervix of mice. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.453.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Schwabe J, Rosenkranz T, Knop KC, Terborg C. Steroid-responsive Myalgien: atypische Polymyalgia rheumatica oder unspezifische Autoimmunerkrankung mit muskulärer Beteiligung? Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Løvås K, McFarlane I, Nguyen HH, Curran S, Schwabe J, Halsall D, Bernhardt R, Wallace AM, Chatterjee VKK. A novel CYP11B2 gene mutation in an Asian family with aldosterone synthase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:914-9. [PMID: 19116236 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Three siblings of Pakistani origin presented neonatally with isolated hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism and were well controlled on fludrocortisone therapy during childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN These individuals were reevaluated as adults after fludrocortisone withdrawal to investigate the biochemical and molecular basis of their disorder. RESULTS When reassessed off fludrocortisone treatment, hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism was confirmed in all subjects but with significant hyperkalemia in only one case. Profiling of urinary steroid metabolites showed a biochemical pattern (elevated tetrahydrocorticosterone to 18-hydroxytetrahydro-11-dehydrocorticosterone ratio but normal 18-hydroxytetrahydro-11-dehydrocorticosterone to tetrahydroaldosterone ratio) consistent with partial type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency. Sequencing of the CYP11B2 gene showed that affected subjects were homozygous for a single nucleotide substitution (T925C) in exon 5, corresponding to a serine to proline mutation (S308P) in the predicted protein, with unaffected family members being heterozygous. Consistent with structural modeling showing that the mutated residue is located within the alpha-helix I, close to the hemebinding, active site of the enzyme, functional characterization of the S308P mutant protein in vitro showed complete loss of enzyme activity. However, administration of dexamethasone further reduced levels of circulating aldosterone and its urinary metabolites in affected subjects, suggesting that some mineralocorticoid biosynthesis occurs in vivo. CONCLUSION We have identified the first CYP11B2 gene defect in a family of Asian origin, associated with a type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency phenotype. Preservation of some aldosterone production suggests either residual mutant CYP11B2 enzyme activity in vivo or mineralocorticoid biosynthesis via an alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Løvås
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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17
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Benoit G, Cooney A, Giguere V, Ingraham H, Lazar M, Muscat G, Perlmann T, Renaud JP, Schwabe J, Sladek F, Tsai MJ, Laudet V. International Union of Pharmacology. LXVI. Orphan nuclear receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 58:798-836. [PMID: 17132856 DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of the members of the nuclear receptors superfamily are so-called "orphan" receptors because the identity of their ligand, if any, is unknown. Because of their important biological roles, the study of orphan receptors has attracted much attention recently and has resulted in rapid advances that have helped in the discovery of novel signaling pathways. In this review we present the main features of orphan receptors, discuss the structure of their ligand-binding domains and their biological functions. The paradoxical existence of a pharmacology of orphan receptors, a rapidly growing and innovative field, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Benoit
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5161 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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18
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Kazarians H, Schwabe J, Reimers J, Vogel P, Arning C. Transiente dilatative Stress-Kardiomyopathie nach erstmaligem generalisierten epileptischen Anfall. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Agostini M, Schoenmakers E, Mitchell C, Szatmari I, Savage D, Smith A, Rajanayagam O, Semple R, Luan J, Bath L, Zalin A, Labib M, Kumar S, Simpson H, Blom D, Marais D, Schwabe J, Barroso I, Trembath R, Wareham N, Nagy L, Gurnell M, O'Rahilly S, Chatterjee K. Non-DNA binding, dominant-negative, human PPARgamma mutations cause lipodystrophic insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2006; 4:303-11. [PMID: 17011503 PMCID: PMC1821092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PPARgamma is essential for adipogenesis and metabolic homeostasis. We describe mutations in the DNA and ligand binding domains of human PPARgamma in lipodystrophic, severe insulin resistance. These receptor mutants lack DNA binding and transcriptional activity but can translocate to the nucleus, interact with PPARgamma coactivators and inhibit coexpressed wild-type receptor. Expression of PPARgamma target genes is markedly attenuated in mutation-containing versus receptor haploinsufficent primary cells, indicating that such dominant-negative inhibition operates in vivo. Our observations suggest that these mutants restrict wild-type PPARgamma action via a non-DNA binding, transcriptional interference mechanism, which may involve sequestration of functionally limiting coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Agostini
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Istvan Szatmari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David Savage
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Semple
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Bath
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Simpson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Blom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Marais
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Schwabe
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mark Gurnell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author
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Bernbeck B, Schwabe J, Groninger A, Schaper J, Messing-Jünger H, Mayatepek E, Rosenbaum T. Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp: how much therapy is necessary in large defects? Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:758-60. [PMID: 16188781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To show that local antibiotic management and a regular inspection of aplasia cutis congenita of the skull can give an excellent result. METHOD This case reports a girl born with aplasia cutis congenita of the skull presenting with a large aplasia of the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and galea, including a bone defect without any additional risk factor, e.g. early eschar formation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or uncommon dural blood vessels. RESULTS A primarily conservative treatment with local wet and antibiotic dressings together with a systemic antibiotic treatment for the first 2 wk led to an excellent result and thus prevented untimely operative and peri-operative procedures. CONCLUSIONS Here we have shown that conservative treatment might be an option, even if the wound diameter is greater than 1 cm(2), to prevent infants from any untimely operative procedure with an elevated operative risk if any additional risk factors are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bernbeck
- Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Medical Centre, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Schwabe J, Calaminus G, Vorhoff W, Engelbrecht V, Hauffa BP, Göbel U. Sexual precocity and recurrent beta-human chorionic gonadotropin upsurges preceding the diagnosis of a malignant mediastinal germ-cell tumor in a 9-year-old boy. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:975-7. [PMID: 12123344 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous disorders are known to cause sexual precocity. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG)-secreting germ-cell tumors are one of the sources that have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of processes inducing a peripheral precocious puberty. Germ-cell tumors might be located in the ovaries or testes, retroperitoneum, mediastinum or the cranium. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with sexual precocity and a recurrent transient beta-HCG elevation. After an interval of 2 years with repeated radiological examinations including the mediastinum, a mediastinal tumor was identified by magnetic resonance imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a diagnosis of a mediastinal choriocarcinoma with a recurrent serum beta-HCG elevation. So far, factors that might be responsible for the repeated spontaneous beta-HCG decline are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwabe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwabe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Nothwang HG, Strahm B, Denich D, Kübler M, Schwabe J, Gingrich JC, Jauch A, Cox A, Nicklin MJ, Kurnit DM, Hildebrandt F. Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 gene cluster: construction of an integrated YAC/PAC contig and a partial transcriptional map in the region of chromosome 2q13. Genomics 1997; 41:370-8. [PMID: 9169134 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genes of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster localized on chromosome 2q13 are implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. We present here a high-resolution physical map of this region between markers D2S2008 and D2S4/PAX8. An integrated YAC/PAC contig and a partial transcriptional map were constructed by STS-constent mapping using the CEPH YAC library and three PAC libraries. A total of 3 YACs, 34 PACs, and 56 STSs were integrated: 33 newly generated probes to PAC end sequences, 9 polymorphic and 4 nonpolymorphic markers, 5 known genes, 4 expressed sequence tags, and 1 pseudogene. Within the map, a complete PAC contig of > 1 Mb encompasses the IL-1 gene cluster and PAX8, a paired-box-containing gene. This allowed us to define the transcriptional orientation of GLVR1, IL1B, and IL1RN and to show that PAX8 is localized outside the IL-1 gene cluster. FISH analysis localized PAC clones containing the IL-1 gene cluster to 2q12-q13. The data provide the basis for further characterization of the IL-1 gene cluster and for the construction of a sequence-ready PAC contig of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Nothwang
- University Children's Hospital, Freiburg University, Germany
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24
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Rhodes D, Neuhaus D, Schwabe J. “Zinc-fingers” in nucleic acid recognition. J Inorg Biochem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(91)84402-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Schwabe J. Die seeklimatische Cur für neurasthenische und anämische Kinder. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1888. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1207723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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