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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:131103. [PMID: 33861094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space. It was part of ESA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and performed the fundamental measurement of the positional and angular motion of two free-falling test masses. The interferometer worked immediately, stably, and reliably from switch on until the end of the mission with exceptionally low residual noise of 32.0_{-1.7}^{+2.4} fm/sqrt[Hz], significantly better than required. We present an upper limit for the sensor performance at millihertz frequencies and a model for the measured sensitivity above 200 mHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García
- City University of Applied Sciences, Flughafenallee 10, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- isardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Guzman
- Texas A&M University, 701 H.R. Bright Building, College Station, Texas 77843-3141, USA
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S Hartig
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229-F 06304 Nice, France
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Monsky
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Rivas
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuan
- Department of Physics, 2001 Museum Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Steier
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Introduction. The species and functional diversity of pollinators are important components for the reproduction of cultivated plants. More information is necessary about this diversity and its geographical variation in crops such as Cucurbita pepo, one of the most important crops in global agriculture. Objective. To describe the diversity and geographic variation of the community of bees that visit C. pepo crops in Costa Rica and their foraging s
Introduction: The species and functional diversity of pollinators are important components for the reproduction of cultivated plants. More information is necessary about this diversity and its geographical variation in crops such as Cucurbita pepo, an important crop in global agriculture. Objective: To describe the taxonomic diversity, geographic variation and foraging patterns of the community of bees that visit C. pepo crops in Costa Rica. Methods: Squash fields were visited at 11 locations within three geographic regions of the country, where the groups of bees and their relative frequency were determined. Through video recordings, information was obtained on their behavior at two locations. Results: A minimum of 27 species belonging to 19 genera and 2 families of bees were found. Three species were dominant in 10 localities (Eucera limitaris, Apis mellifera and Trigona corvina). Altitude reduces bee diversity due to the dominance of Bombus ephipiatus in high regions. Two genera of halictids (Megalopta and Caenaugochlora) that are rarely reported in this crop were frequently observed. Trigona bees dominated among the flowers later in the morning, lacerating nectary holes to facilitate nectar collection. Conclusions: Squash fields in Costa Rica are visited by a highly diverse bee community, which may ensure pollination via complementarity in the face of spatial or seasonal changes in environmental conditions.
chedule and intrafloral behavior. Methods. Squash fields were visited at 12 locations within three geographic regions of the country, where the groups of bees and their relative frequency were determined. Through video recordings, information was obtained on their behavior at two locations. Results. A minimum of 27 species belonging to 19 genera and 2 families of bees were found. Three species were dominant at many localities (Eucera limitaris, Apis mellifera and Trigona corvina). Altitude causes drastic changes in their diversity and composition. Two genera of halictids (Megalopta and Caenaugochlora) that are rarely reported in this crop were frequently observed. Trigona bees dominated among the flowers later in the morning. Conclusions. Squash fields in Costa Rica are visited by a highly diverse bee community, which may ensure pollination via complementarity in the face of spatial or seasonal changes in environmental conditions.
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Aguilar R, Cristóbal‐Pérez EJ, Balvino‐Olvera FJ, Aguilar‐Aguilar M, Aguirre‐Acosta N, Ashworth L, Lobo JA, Martén‐Rodríguez S, Fuchs EJ, Sanchez‐Montoya G, Bernardello G, Quesada M. Habitat fragmentation reduces plant progeny quality: a global synthesis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Edson Jacob Cristóbal‐Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Francisco Javier Balvino‐Olvera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - María Aguilar‐Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Natalia Aguirre‐Acosta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Jorge A. Lobo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Gumersindo Sanchez‐Montoya
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Gabriel Bernardello
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 μHz. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:061101. [PMID: 29481269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Lobo JA, Lama MAD, Mestriner MA. POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION AND RACIAL ADMIXTURE IN THE AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA
L.). Evolution 2017; 43:794-802. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb05177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/1987] [Accepted: 01/16/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Lobo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Departamento de Genética; Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-Ribeirão Preto-SP BRAZIL
| | - M. A. Del Lama
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciencias da Saúde, Área Básica; 13560-São Carlos-SP BRAZIL
| | - M. A. Mestriner
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Departamento de Genética; Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-Ribeirão Preto-SP BRAZIL
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6
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Moreira JI, Riba-Hernández P, Lobo JA. Toucans (Ramphastos ambiguus
) facilitate resilience against seed dispersal limitation to a large-seeded tree (Virola surinamensis
) in a human-modified landscape. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Moreira
- Proyecto Carey; Península de Osa, Costa Rica; Apdo 10672-1000 Puntarenas San José Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología; Universidad de Costa Rica; 2600 San Pedro Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Riba-Hernández
- Proyecto Carey; Península de Osa, Costa Rica; Apdo 10672-1000 Puntarenas San José Costa Rica
| | - Jorge A. Lobo
- Escuela de Biología; Universidad de Costa Rica; 2600 San Pedro Costa Rica
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7
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Bassan M, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Caleno M, Carbone L, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Ciani G, Congedo G, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, De Rosa R, Diaz-Aguiló M, Di Fiore L, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fichter W, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García Marín AF, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Guzmán F, Grado A, Grimani C, Grynagier A, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Madden S, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Monsky A, Nicolodi D, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Raïs B, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sanjuán J, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Shaul D, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Stanga R, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Tröbs M, Tu HB, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Warren C, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zambotti A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, Zweifel P. Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:231101. [PMID: 27341221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.231101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz], or (0.54±0.01)×10^{-15} g/sqrt[Hz], with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8±0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz], about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f≤0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Auger
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J T Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bassan
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", and INFN, sezione Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Caleno
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - L Carbone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Ciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Congedo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - R De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Diaz-Aguiló
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Dunbar
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - W Fichter
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F García Marín
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C García Marirrodriga
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - F Guzmán
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Grado
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy and INFN sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A Grynagier
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Madden
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Monsky
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Nicolodi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Prat
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - U Ragnit
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - B Raïs
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Rozemeijer
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P Sarra
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - A Schleicher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - D Shaul
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Stanga
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze and INFN-Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Steier
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Trenkel
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Tröbs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H B Tu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Warren
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Wealthy
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Zambotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - C Zanoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - T Ziegler
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lobo JA, Jiménez D, Solís-Hernández W, Fuchs EJ. Lack of early inbreeding depression and distribution of selfing rates in the neotropical emergent tree Ceiba pentandra: Assessment from several reproductive events. Am J Bot 2015; 102:983-991. [PMID: 26101422 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Selfing and mixed mating systems are prevalent in many flowering plants. Purging of genetic load can occur in these species, reducing negative effects of selfing. Long-term studies of the temporal and spatial variation of selfing rates and inbreeding depression at the individual level are necessary to understand the forces that maintain selfing as a mating strategy in these species. METHODOLOGY We used microsatellites to estimate selfing rates in seeds and seedlings over 6 years in a population of Ceiba pentandra in southwestern Costa Rica. We studied the correlation of selfing with early seedling vigor variables to test for inbreeding depression. KEY RESULTS Selfing rates varied widely among maternal trees. However, we found high consistency of selfing rates for individuals among years. Selfing rate did not influence early fitness traits, suggesting a lack of inbreeding depression at this stage. Maternal effects were a predominant source of variation for early vigor variables. CONCLUSIONS Variability in selfing rates among trees may be partly explained by genetic variation in a late-acting self-incompatibility system or low, early-acting genetic load in some individuals. This population did not show evidence of early inbreeding depression in traits related to seed vigor probably from complete or partial purging as a result of repeated selfing of a fraction of the population or from strong maternal effects. Expression of genetic load at later developmental stages or in more stressful natural conditions may explain differences in inbreeding levels between seeds and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Lobo
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Dennis Jiménez
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Eric J Fuchs
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Quesada M, Herrerías-Diego Y, Lobo JA, Sánchez-Montoya G, Rosas F, Aguilar R. Long-term effects of habitat fragmentation on mating patterns and gene flow of a tropical dry forest tree, Ceiba aesculifolia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae). Am J Bot 2013; 100:1095-1101. [PMID: 23720432 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Tropical forest loss and fragmentation isolate and reduce the size of remnant populations with negative consequences for mating patterns and genetic structure of plant species. In a 4-yr study, we determined the effect of fragmentation on mating patterns and pollen pool genetic structure of the tropical tree Ceiba aesculifolia in two habitat conditions: isolated trees in disturbed areas (≤3 trees/ha), and trees (≥6 trees/ha) in undisturbed mature forest. • METHODS Using six allozyme loci, we estimated the outcrossing rate (tm), the mean relatedness of progeny (rp) within and between fruits, the degree of genetic structure of pollen pools (Φft), and the effective number of pollen donors (Nep). • KEY RESULTS The outcrossing rates reflected a strict self-incompatible species. Relatedness of progeny within fruits was similar for all populations, revealing single sires within fruits. However, relatedness of progeny between fruits within trees was consistently greater for trees in fragmented conditions across 4 yr. We found high levels of genetic structure of pollen pools in all populations with more structure in isolated trees. The effective number of pollen donors was greater for trees in undisturbed forest than in disturbed conditions. • CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the progeny produced by isolated trees in disturbed habitats are sired by a fraction of the diversity of pollen donors found in conserved forests. The foraging behavior of bats limits the exchange of pollen between trees, causing higher levels of progeny relatedness in isolated trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quesada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia. Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), Morelia, Michoacán, México 58089.
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Sanchez Olguin ER, Arrieta-Espinoza G, Lobo JA, Espinoza-Esquivel AM. Assessment of gene flow from a herbicide-resistant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) to the Costa Rican weedy rice (Oryza sativa) in Tropical America: factors affecting hybridization rates and characterization of F1 hybrids. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:633-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herrerías-Diego Y, Quesada M, Stoner KE, Lobo JA. Effects of forest fragmentation on phenological patterns and reproductive success of the tropical dry forest tree Ceiba aesculifolia. Conserv Biol 2006; 20:1111-20. [PMID: 16922227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatial isolation caused by forest fragmentation and temporal isolation caused by asynchronous flowering of plants have been proposed as important factors that affect the reproduction ofplant populations. In a 4-year study, we determined the effects of forest fragmentation and spatial isolation on flowering phenology and reproductive success of the tropical tree Ceiba aesculifolia ([Kunth] Britton & Rose). We conducted our study in the dry forest of Mexico and compared populations in two habitat conditions based on density and environmental conditions: (1) disturbed habitat (four populations of < or =3 reproductive individuals/ha surrounded by agriculturalfields or pastures) and (2) undisturbed habitat (three populations of groups of >6 reproductive individuals/ha surrounded by undisturbed mature forest). We compared the following variables within these populations over 4 years: flowering overlap, proportion of individuals with flowers and fruit, total flower production, total fruit production, fruit set, seed production, and seed abortion. Little overlap in flowering occurred among the populations in the two habitat conditions. The flowering period of trees in the disturbed habitat initiated between 15 to 20 days before the flowering period of trees in the undisturbed habitat during 3 years. Flowering of trees in the undisturbed habitat peaked at the end of the flowering period of the trees in the disturbed habitat. The proportion of trees that flowered was greater in the undisturbed habitat. Nevertheless, total flower production was greater in the disturbed habitat and these differences were maintained across 3 years. The proportion of individuals that produced fruit did not differ across habitat conditions but did differ across years. Total fruit production was greater in the disturbed habitat, but fruit set and seed production were the same across years and between habitat conditions. Seed abortion varied over years between habitats. We concluded that forest fragmentation does not negatively affect the reproductive success of C. aesculifolia It appears that the highly mobile bat pollinators maintain reproductive connectivity between trees in both habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Herrerías-Diego
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Campus Morelia, Apartado Postal 27-3 Xangari, Morelia, Michoacán 58089, México
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Lobo JA, Quesada M, Stoner KE. Effects of pollination by bats on the mating system of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) populations in two tropical life zones in Costa Rica. Am J Bot 2005; 92:370-376. [PMID: 21652412 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identity and behavior of pollinators are among the main factors that determine the reproductive success and mating system of plants; however, few studies have directly evaluated the relationship between pollinators and the breeding system of the plants they pollinate. It is important to document this relationship because the global decline in pollinators may significantly affect the breeding systems of many animal-pollinated plants, particularly specialized systems. Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree that has chiropterophilic flowers and a variable breeding system throughout its distribution, ranging from fully self-incompatible, to a mixed system with different degrees of selfing. To determine if regional differences in pollinators may result in regional differences in the outcrossing rate of this species, we used systematic observations of pollinator behavior in two tropical life zones and high-resolution genetic analysis of the breeding system of populations from these two regions using microsatellites. We found a predominantly self-incompatible system in regions with high pollinator visitation, while in environments with low pollinator visitation rates, C. pentandra changed to a mixed mating system with high levels of self-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Lobo
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, San José, Costa Rica
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Quesada M, Stoner KE, Lobo JA, Herrerias-Diego Y, Palacios-Guevara C, Munguia-Rosas MA, O.-Salazar KA, Rosas-Guerrero V. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Pollinator Activity and Consequences for Plant Reproductive Success and Mating Patterns in Bat-pollinated Bombacaceous Trees1. Biotropica 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Quesada M, Stoner KE, Lobo JA, Herrerías-Diego Y, Palacios- Guevara C, Munguía-Rosas MA, O.-Salazar KA, Rosas-Guerrero V. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Pollinator Activity and Consequences for Plant Reproductive Success and Mating Patterns in Bat-pollinated Bombacaceous Trees1. Biotropica 2004. [DOI: 10.1646/q1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lobo JA, Quesada M, Stoner KE, Fuchs EJ, Herrerías-Diego Y, Rojas J, Saborío G. Factors affecting phenological patterns of bombacaceous trees in seasonal forests in Costa Rica and Mexico. Am J Bot 2003; 90:1054-63. [PMID: 21659205 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.7.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We compared phenological patterns of tree species of the family Bombacaceae in three seasonal forests in Mexico and Costa Rica whose dry seasons vary in duration and intensity. The objectives were to (1) determine intraspecific variation in phenology between sites in different geographic locations with different precipitation regimes, (2) compare interspecific phenological patterns within sites during one year, and (3) document seasonal pollinator use of floral resources at one site in relation to the flowering phenology of these species. To determine the sequence of phenological events in trees of the family Bombacaceae across three study sites, phenology of marked individuals was recorded every 2 wk from September 2000 through August 2001 for six species. To estimate the importance of bombacaceous species in the diet of nectarivorous bats, pollen samples were collected from the bodies or feces of bats once every 2 wk during flowering. Our study suggests that phenological patterns of the Bombacaceae family in Neotropical dry forests are mainly constrained by phylogenetic membership and adaptive selective pressures associated with competition for pollinators. Abiotic factors related to precipitation and soil water content appear to be regulating leaf flushing and abscission, but the principal causes of flowering are related to ultimate factors associated with competition for pollinators. This study is the first that evaluates the phenological pattern of species and genera of the same family at different latitudes in a similar life zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Lobo
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, San Pedro, Costa Rica
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Quesada M, Stoner KE, Rosas-Guerrero V, Palacios-Guevara C, Lobo JA. Effects of habitat disruption on the activity of nectarivorous bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a dry tropical forest: implications for the reproductive success of the neotropical tree Ceiba grandiflora. Oecologia 2003; 135:400-6. [PMID: 12721830 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2002] [Accepted: 02/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the tropical dry forest of the central Pacific coast of Mexico the pollination and reproductive success of the bombacaceous tree Ceiba grandiflora was negatively affected by habitat disruption. Two of the three bat species that function as effective pollinators for this species ( Glossophaga soricina and Musonycteris harrisoni) visited flowers found in trees in disturbed habitats significantly less than trees found in undisturbed habitats. A similar pattern was observed for the effective bat pollinator, Leptonycteris curasoae; however the difference was not significant. The three nectarivorous bats that functioned as effective pollinators of C. grandiflora also visited flowers to exclusively feed on pollen by biting or pulling off an anther (see Fig. S1 of Electronic Supplementary Material). The number of pollen grains deposited on stigmas from flowers in undisturbed areas was significantly greater than from flowers in disturbed habitats. The greater visitation rate and the greater number of pollen grains deposited on flowers from trees in undisturbed forest resulted in a significantly greater fruit set for trees in these areas. Our study demonstrates the negative effect that habitat disruption has on bat pollinators in tropical dry forest ecosystems and documents the negative consequences for the plants they pollinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quesada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Stoner KE, Quesada M, Rosas-Guerrero V, Lobo JA. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on the Colima Long-nosed Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni) Foraging in Tropical Dry Forest of Jalisco, Mexico1. Biotropica 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stoner KE, Quesada M, Rosas-Guerrero V, Lobo JA. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on the Colima Long-nosed Bat (Musonycteris harrisoni) Foraging in Tropical Dry Forest of Jalisco, Mexico1. Biotropica 2002. [DOI: 10.1646/0006-3606(2002)034[0462:eoffot]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Quesada M, Fuchs EJ, Lobo JA. Pollen load size, reproductive success, and progeny kinship of naturally pollinated flowers of the tropical dry forest tree Pachira quinata (Bombacaceae). Am J Bot 2001; 88:2113-2118. [PMID: 21669642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated, using controlled pollinations, that the number and identity of pollen grains deposited onto a flower's stigma affect the reproductive success of plants. However, few studies have shown this relationship under conditions of natural pollination. Using the tropical dry forest tree Pachira quinata, we evaluated the relationship between the number of microgametophytes per pistil and the number of sires with respect to the production of fruits and seeds in a natural population of Pachira quinata. Our study demonstrates that fruit and seed production are directly related to the number of microgametophytes per pistil in natural populations of P. quinata. Only 6% of the marked flowers developed into mature fruits and 10% of the marked flowers initiated fruits but later aborted them. A mean of 23 pollen grains were required to produce a seed. Flowers with >400 pollen grains on the stigma always developed into mature fruits, whereas flowers that received <200 grains never matured fruits. Half of the pollen grains transferred to a flower stigma germinated and developed pollen tubes to the base of the style. The number of pollen grains on a stigma explained 34% of the variation in seed number per fruit, and the number of seeds produced per fruit is positively correlated with the size of the seeds. The population of P. quinata studied is predominantly outcrossing, and seeds within fruits are sired by one or a few donors. The total seed crop within trees was sired by three to five donors. Our study examined the implications of the variation in size of microgametophyte loads per pistil with respect to the breeding system and the paternity of progeny under natural conditions. The competitive ability of pollen and pollen tube attrition are important factors regulating fruit production in P. quinata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quesada
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, A. P. 21, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico 48980; and
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Cerdonio M, Conti L, Lobo JA, Ortolan A, Taffarello L, Zendri JP. Wideband dual sphere detector of gravitational waves. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:031101. [PMID: 11461547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2000] [Revised: 03/16/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the concept of a sensitive and broadband resonant mass gravitational wave detector. A massive sphere is suspended inside a second hollow one. Short, high-finesse Fabry-Perot optical cavities read out the differential displacements of the two spheres as their quadrupole modes are excited. At cryogenic temperatures, one approaches the standard quantum limit for broadband operation with reasonable choices for the cavity finesses and the intracavity light power. A molybdenum detector, of overall size of 2 m, would reach spectral strain sensitivities of 2x10(-23) Hz(-1/2) between 1000 and 3000 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerdonio
- INFN Padova Section and Department of Physics, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35100 Padova, Italy
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Gaztañaga E, Lobo JA. Nonlinear gravitational growth inside and outside the standard cosmology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 927:110-26. [PMID: 11411149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We reconsider the problem of nonlinear structure formation inside and outside General Relativity (GR), both in the weakly and strongly nonlinear regime. We show how these regimes can be explored observationally through clustering of high-order cumulants and through the epoch of formation, abundance and clustering of collapse structures, using Press and Schechter (1974, Astrophys. J. 187: 425-438) formalism and its extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gaztañaga
- INAOE, Coordinación de Astrofiscia, Tonantzintla, Cholula, Apdo Postal 216 y 51, 7200, Puebla, Mexico.
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Coccia E, Lobo JA, Ortega JA. Proposed gravitational wave observatory based on solid elastic spheres. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1995; 52:3735-3738. [PMID: 10019594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lobo JA. What can we learn about gravitational wave physics with an elastic spherical antenna? Phys Rev D Part Fields 1995; 52:591-604. [PMID: 10019281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Królak A, Lobo JA, Meers BJ. Estimation of the parameters of the gravitational-wave signal of a coalescing binary system. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1993; 48:3451-3462. [PMID: 10016614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Meers BJ, Krolak A, Lobo JA. Dynamically tuned interferometers for the observation of gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1993; 47:2184-2197. [PMID: 10015812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Krolak A, Lobo JA, Meers BJ. Optimization of laser interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves from coalescing binaries. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 43:2470-2483. [PMID: 10013635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Lobo JA, Lama MAD, Mestriner MA. Population Differentiation and Racial Admixture in the Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Evolution 1989. [DOI: 10.2307/2409307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gomis J, Lobo JA, Longhi G, Rafanelli K. 1/c expansion of a separable model of direct-interaction type. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1985; 31:1962-1967. [PMID: 9955923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.31.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Arya OP, Bosa CB, Lobo JA, De Souza LJ. Injury experience in the seventh university games, Kampala, Uganda. East Afr Med J 1971; 48:411-9. [PMID: 5144823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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