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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Almar M, Mejías Y, Rivas A, de Paz JA, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Correction to: Role of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathways on the inflammatory response to resistance training in elderly subjects. GeroScience 2024; 46:2799. [PMID: 38064045 PMCID: PMC10828247 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mar Almar
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Yubisay Mejías
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, Martín-Rivera F, Nosaka K, Beato M, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. Effects of submaximal and supramaximal accentuated eccentric loading on mass and function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1176835. [PMID: 37449014 PMCID: PMC10337133 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1176835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Eccentric-overload (EO) resistance training emerges as an alternative to more optimally prescribe intensity relative to the force generation capabilities of the eccentric muscle contraction. Given the difficulties to individually prescribe absolute eccentric loads relative to each person's eccentric ability, setting the load relative to the concentric one-repetition maximum (1-RM) is the most used EO training approach. Therefore, we investigated the effects of submaximal and supramaximal (i.e., eccentric loads above 100% of 1-RM) accentuated eccentric training on changes in lean mass, anabolic hormonal responses and muscle function. Methods: Physically active university students (n = 27) were randomly assigned to two training groups. Participants in the training groups performed dominant leg isotonic training twice a week for 10 weeks (four sets of eight repetitions). Isotonic resistance was generated by an electric-motor device at two different percentages of 1-RM for the eccentric phase; 90% submaximal load, SUB group) and 120% (supramaximal load, SUPRA group). Concentric load was the same for both groups (30% of 1-RM). Changes in total thigh lean mass (TTLM), anabolic hormonal responses (growth hormone, IGF-1, IL-6, and total testosterone), unilateral leg-press 1-RM, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), local muscle endurance (XRM), muscle power at 40 (PP40), 60 (PP60) and 80% (PP80) of the 1-RM, and unilateral vertical jump height before and after training were compared between groups. Results: After training, both SUB and SUPRA groups showed similar increases (p < 0.05) in MVIC (19.2% and 19.6%), XRM (53.8% and 23.8%), PP40 (16.2% and 15.7%), TTLM (2.5% and 4.2%), IGF-1 (10.0% and 14.1%) and IL-6 (58.6% and 28.6%). However, increases in 1-RM strength (16.3%) and unilateral vertical jump height (10.0%-13.4%) were observed for SUPRA only. Indeed, SUPRA was shown to be more favorable than SUB training for increasing 1-RM [ES = 0.77 (1.49-0.05)]. Unilateral muscle power at medium and high intensity (10.2% and 10.5%) also increased in SUB but without significant differences between groups. Discussion: Similar functional and structural effects were demonstrated after 10 weeks EO training with submaximal and supramaximal eccentric loads. Although supramaximal loading might be superior for increasing 1-RM, the use of this approach does not appear to be necessary in healthy, active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Martín-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Marco Beato
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | | | - José A. de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Aburto-Corona JA, de Paz JA, Calleja-Núñez JJ, Kreider RB, Bonilla-Ocampo D, Moncada-Jiménez J. Passive Dehydration-Mediated Body Weight Loss On Body Composition And Phase Angle InHealthy Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000876384.79956.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, Nosaka K, Blazevich AJ, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. Cross-education effects of unilateral accentuated eccentric isoinertial resistance training on lean mass and function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:672-684. [PMID: 34851533 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of three different unilateral isoinertial resistance training protocols with eccentric overload on changes in lean mass and muscle function of trained (TL) and contralateral non-trained (NTL) legs. METHODS Physically active university students were randomly assigned to one of three training groups or a control group (n = 10/group). Participants in the training groups performed dominant leg isoinertial squat training twice a week for 6 weeks (4 sets of 7 repetitions) using either an electric-motor device with an eccentric phase velocity of 100% (EM100) or 150% (EM150) of concentric phase velocity or a conventional flywheel device (FW) with the same relative inertial load. Changes in thigh lean mass, unilateral leg-press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), muscle power at 40-80% 1-RM, and unilateral vertical jump height before and after training were compared between the groups and between TL and NTL. RESULTS No changes in any variable were found for the control group. In TL, all training groups showed similar increases (p < 0.05) in 1-RM strength (22.4-30.2%), lean tissue mass (2.5-5.8%), muscle power (8.8-21.7%), and vertical jump height (9.1-32.9%). In NTL, 1-RM strength increased 22.0-27.8% without significant differences between groups; however, increases in lean mass (p < 0.001) were observed for EM150 (3.5%) and FW (3.8%) only. Unilateral vertical jump height (6.0-32.9%) and muscle power (6.8-17.5%) also increased in NTL without significant differences between training groups. CONCLUSION The three eccentric-overload resistance training modalities produced similar neuromuscular changes in both the trained and non-trained legs, suggesting that strong cross-education effects were induced by the eccentric-overload training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Estébanez B, Visavadiya NP, de Paz JA, Whitehurst M, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Huang CJ, Cuevas MJ. Resistance Training Diminishes Exosome CD63 Expression In The Elderly, Regardless Of MiR-146a And CfDNA Responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000763484.85913.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Estébanez B, Visavadiya NP, de Paz JA, Whitehurst M, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J, Huang CJ. Resistance Training Diminishes the Expression of Exosome CD63 Protein without Modification of Plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA in the Elderly. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020665. [PMID: 33669497 PMCID: PMC7922765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated inflammation is characterized by senescent cell-mediated secretion of high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as microRNA (miR)-146a. Moreover, a rise of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is also related to systemic inflammation and frailty in the elderly. Exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication is fundamental in cellular senescence and aging. The plasma changes in exercise-promoted miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome release could be the key to facilitate intercellular communication and systemic adaptations to exercise in aging. Thirty-eight elderly subjects (28 trained and 10 controls) volunteered in an 8-week resistance training protocol. The levels of plasma miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome markers (CD9, CD14, CD63, CD81, Flotillin [Flot]-1, and VDAC1) were measured prior to and following training. Results showed no changes in plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA levels with training. The levels of exosome markers (Flot-1, CD9, and CD81) as well as exosome-carried proteins (CD14 and VDAC1) remained unchanged, whereas an attenuated CD63 response was found in the trained group compared to the controls. These findings might partially support the anti-inflammatory effect of resistance training in the elderly as evidenced by the diminishment of exosome CD63 protein expression, without modification of plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
| | - Nishant P. Visavadiya
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - José A. de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
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Moreira OC, de Oliveira CE, de Matos DG, Mazini Filho ML, da Silva SF, Aidar FJ, de Paz JA. The comparative measurement of body segment parameters using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry between sexes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1613-1619. [PMID: 33337113 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the proportion of the body segments in relation to the total body mass in healthy people, as well as analyze the composition of each segment and compare these results between sexes. METHODS A total of 60 young adults (30 men and 30 women) were subjected to a full-body scan by dual energy Xrays absorptiometry (DXA) under standardized conditions. The regions of interest (ROI) were determined by a single trained evaluator. The body was divided into 16 segments to obtain values of total mass, lean mass (LM), fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass percentage (%LM) and fat mass percentage (%FM) of each body segment represented by the 16 ROI. RESULTS Men presented higher absolute mass in the upper limbs (Δ= 32.87%; p <0.05). The proportion of the lower limbs (Δ= 6.83%; p<0.05) and trunk (Δ= 5.07%; p <0.05) of men is higher than women. In addition, males have more LM in the upper limbs (Δ= 42.19%; p<0.05) and trunk (Δ= 26.46%; p<0.001) and more BMC in the trunk (Δ= 18.78%; p<0.05) and forearms (Δ= 32.21%; p<0.05). They also present higher %LM (Δ= 6.48%; p<0.001) and lower %FM (Δ= 54.43%; p<0.001) than women in the forearms. CONCLUSIONS The different body segments represent a different percentage of the total body mass in men than in women, as well as, men present more LM and BMC in the trunk and upper limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo C Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Florestal, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil -
| | - Cláudia E de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dihogo G de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mauro L Mazini Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Sudamérica Faculty, Cataguases, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandro F da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Leon, Spain
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Quiroga R, Nistal E, Estébanez B, Porras D, Juárez-Fernández M, Martínez-Flórez S, García-Mediavilla MV, de Paz JA, González-Gallego J, Sánchez-Campos S, Cuevas MJ. Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1048-1061. [PMID: 32624568 PMCID: PMC8080668 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation. Physical fitness regimens could stimulate shifts in gut microbiome composition and metabolism that counteract health risks associated with childhood obesity. This condition can increase the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease later in life. Several studies have indicated that disturbances in the microbial populations in the digestive tract may contribute to these diseases. Researchers led by Sonia Sánchez-Campos of the Institute of Biomedicine, León,Spain, recently assessed the impact of exercise and endurance training on microbiome composition in obese children. They determined that these regimens can produce measurable shifts in the gut microbe population, yielding bacterial communities that are more similar to those seen in non-obese children. These shifts were accompanied by alterations in metabolic activity that may help mitigate inflammatory signaling and other processes that fuel obesity-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Quiroga
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario (CAULE), León, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
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Estébanez B, Moreira OC, Almar M, de Paz JA, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Effects of a resistance-training programme on endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and mitochondrial functions in PBMCs from elderly subjects. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:931-940. [PMID: 30614406 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1561950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been related with a decline in the ability to handle protein folding, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations in unfolded protein response (UPR). Importantly, physical activity could activate the UPR and attenuate or prevent age-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. The current study evaluated the effects of a resistance exercise on UPR and mitochondrial functions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from elderly subjects. Thirty healthy women and men (age, 72.8, sx- = 2.2 years) were randomized to a training group, which performed an 8-week resistance training programme, or a control group, which followed their daily routines. The phosphorylation of PERK and IRE1, as well as ATF4, and XBP1 protein expression, significantly increased following the training, while expression of BiP, AFT6 and CHOP remain without changes. Additionally, the intervention also induced an increase in PGC-1α and Mfn1 protein levels, while no changes were found in Drp1 expression. Finally, the resistance protocol was not able to activate PINK1/Parkin and Bnip3/Nix pathways. The results obtained seem to indicate that 8-week resistance exercise activates the UPR, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, maintains mitochondrial dynamics and prevents mitophagy activation by unfolded proteins in PBMCs from elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Osvaldo C Moreira
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain.,b Institute of Biological Sciences and Health , Federal University of Viçosa - Campus Florestal , Florestal , Brazil
| | - Mar Almar
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
| | | | - María J Cuevas
- a Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) , University of León , León , Spain
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Estébanez B, de Paz JA, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response, Aging and Exercise: An Update. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1744. [PMID: 30568599 PMCID: PMC6290262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic and multifunctional organelle responsible for protein biosynthesis, folding, assembly and modifications. Loss of protein folding regulation, which leads to unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulation inside the ER lumen, drives ER stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. During aging, there is a decline in the ability of the cell to handle protein folding, accumulation and aggregation, and the function of UPR is compromised. There is a progressive failure of the chaperoning systems and a decline in many of its components, so that the UPR activation cannot rescue the ERS. Physical activity has been proposed as a powerful tool against aged-related diseases, which are linked to ERS. Interventional studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation and reverse mitochondrial and ER dysfunctions. Exercise-induced metabolic stress could activate the UPR since muscle contraction is directly involved in its activation, mediating exercise-induced adaptation responses. In fact, regular moderate-intensity exercise-induced ERS acts as a protective mechanism against current and future stressors. However, biological responses vary according to exercise intensity and therefore induce different degrees of ERS and UPR activation. This article reviews the effects of aging and exercise on ERS and UPR, also analyzing possible changes induced by different types of exercise in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, García-López D, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Moreira OC, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. Response to letter to the Editor Re: Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:230-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, García-López D, de Paz JA. Functional and Muscle-Size Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training with Eccentric-Overload in Professional Handball Players. J Hum Kinet 2017; 60:133-143. [PMID: 29339993 PMCID: PMC5765793 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of 6 week (15 sessions) flywheel resistance training with eccentric-overload (FRTEO) on different functional and anatomical variables in professional handball players. Twenty-nine athletes were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EXP, n = 15) carried out 15 sessions of FRTEO in the leg-press exercise, with 4 sets of 7 repetitions at a maximum-concentric effort. The control group (CON, n = 14) performed the same number of training sessions including 4 sets of 7 maximum repetitions (7RM) using a weight-stack leg-press machine. The results which were measured included maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle power at different submaximal loads (PO), vertical jump height (CMJ and SJ), 20 m sprint time (20 m), T-test time (T-test), and Vastus-Lateralis muscle (VL) thickness. The results of the EXP group showed a substantially better improvement (p < 0.05-0.001) in PO, CMJ, 20 m, T-test and VL, compared to the CON group. Moreover, athletes from the EXP group showed significant improvements concerning all the variables measured: 1RM (ES = 0.72), PO (ES = 0.42 - 0.83), CMJ (ES = 0.61), SJ (ES = 0.54), 20 m (ES = 1.45), T-test (ES = 1.44), and VL (ES = 0.63 - 1.64). Since handball requires repeated short, explosive effort such as accelerations and decelerations during sprints with changes of direction, these results suggest that FRTEO affects functional and anatomical changes in a way which improves performance in well-trained professional handball players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David García-López
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Mejías-Peña Y, Estébanez B, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Almar M, de Paz JA, González-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Impact of resistance training on the autophagy-inflammation-apoptosis crosstalk in elderly subjects. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:408-418. [PMID: 28160545 PMCID: PMC5361672 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in autophagy and a state of low-grade inflammation which further affects apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, these alterations could reverse with regular physical activity. This study assessed the effects of a resistance exercise training program on autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome, and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from old subjects. Twenty-six healthy women and men (age, 69.6±1.5 yr) were randomized to a training (TG) or a control (CG) group. TG performed an 8-week resistance training program, while CG followed their daily routines. Protein expression of beclin-1, Atg12, Atg16 and LAMP-2 increased following the training program, while expression of p62/SQSTM1 and phosphorylation of ULK-1 at Ser757 were significantly lower. Resistance exercise also induced a decrease in NLRP3 expression and in the caspase-1/procaspase-1 ratio. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, as well as the Bad/BcL-2 ratio were reduced, and there was a significant decrease in the protein content of caspase-3. The results obtained seem to indicate that 8-week resistance training stimulates autophagy, prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces apoptosis in PBMCs from elderly subjects. These data could have a significant impact in prevention and rehabilitation programs currently employed in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Division of Clinical Translational Science, Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
- Radiobiology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mar Almar
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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14
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, García-López D, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Moreira OC, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:943-951. [PMID: 28385560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of flywheel (FW) resistance training with Eccentric Overload (FW-EOT) on muscle size and functional capacities (i.e. strength and power) in athletes and healthy subjects, and to compare FW-induced adaptations with those triggered by traditional resistance exercise interventions. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS A search of electronic databases [PubMed, MEDLINE (SportDiscus), Web of Science, Scopus and PEDro] was conducted to identify all publications employing FW-EOT up to April 30, 2016. Outcomes were analyzed as continuous outcomes using a random effects model to calculate a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI. A total of 9 studies with 276 subjects and 92 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. RESULTS The overall pooled estimate from the main effects analysis was 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.76) with a significant (p<0.001) Z overall effect of 9.17. No significant heterogeneity (p value=0.78) was found. The meta-analysis showed significant differences between FW-EOT vs. conventional resistance training in concentric and eccentric strength, muscle power, muscle hypertrophy, vertical jump height and running speed, favoring FW-EOT. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the superiority of FW-EOT, compared with traditional weight-stack exercise, to promote skeletal muscle adaptations in terms of strength, power and size in healthy subjects and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David García-López
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Spain
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15
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Mejías-Peña Y, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Martínez-Flórez S, Almar M, de Paz JA, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Effects of aerobic training on markers of autophagy in the elderly. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:33. [PMID: 26940016 PMCID: PMC5005904 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a molecular process essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which appears to (i) decline with age and (ii) respond to physical exercise. In addition, recent evidence suggests a crosstalk between autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated inflammatory responses. This study assessed the effects of aerobic exercise training on autophagy and TLR signaling in older subjects. Twenty-nine healthy women and men (age, 69.7 ± 1.0 year) were randomized to a training (TG) or a control (CG) group. TG performed an 8-week aerobic training program, while CG followed their daily routines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained before and after the intervention, and protein levels of protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), beclin-1, phosphorylated unc-51-like kinase (ULK-1), ubiquitin-like autophagy-related (Atg)12, Atg16, and lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-2 were measured. TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways were also analyzed. Peak oxygen uptake increased in TG after the intervention. Protein expression of beclin-1, Atg12, Atg16, and the LC3II/I ratio increased following the training program (p < 0.05), while expression of p62/SQSTM1 and phosphorylation of ULK-1 at Ser(757) were lower (p < 0.05). Protein content of TLR2, TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gen 88 (MyD88), and TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon (TRIF) were not significantly modified by exercise. The current data indicate that aerobic exercise training induces alterations in multiple markers of autophagy, which seem to be unrelated to changes in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. These results expand knowledge on exercise-induced autophagy adaptations in humans and suggest that the exercise type employed may be a key factor explaining the potential relationship between autophagy and TLR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubisay Mejías-Peña
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Divisions of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | | | - Susana Martínez-Flórez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Mar Almar
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
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16
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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Collado PS, Almar M, Martinez-Florez S, de Paz JA, González-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Whole-body vibration improves the anti-inflammatory status in elderly subjects through toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathways. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 150:12-9. [PMID: 26253933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has anti-inflammatory effects in elderly subjects. Yet, the inflammatory responses after whole body vibration (WBV) training, a popular exercise paradigm for the elderly, remain to be elucidated. This study assessed the effects of WBV training on the inflammatory response associated with toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways. Twenty-eight subjects were randomized to a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). TG followed an 8-week WBV training program. Blood samples were obtained before and after the training period in both groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and mRNA and protein levels of makers involved in the TLR2/TLR4 myeloid differentiation primary response gen 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon (TRIF)-dependent pathways were analyzed. Plasma TNFα and C-reactive protein levels were also assessed. The WBV program reduced protein expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, p65, TRIF and heat shock protein (HSP) 60, while HSP70 content increased. IL-10 mRNA level and protein concentration were upregulated, and TNFα protein content decreased, after WBV training. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and TNFα decreased in the TG. The current data suggest WBV may improve the anti-inflammatory status of elderly subjects through an attenuation of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent TLRs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Division of Clinical Translational Science, Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, USA
| | | | - Pilar S Collado
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Mar Almar
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - José A de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
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17
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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Almar M, Mejías Y, Rivas A, de Paz JA, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Role of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathways on the inflammatory response to resistance training in elderly subjects. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9734. [PMID: 25427999 PMCID: PMC4245402 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a resistance exercise training program on the inflammatory response associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in senior participants. Twenty-six healthy subjects (age, 69.5 ± 1.3) were randomized to a training (TG; n = 16) or a control (CG; n = 10) group. TG performed an 8-week resistance training program, while CG followed their daily routines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained before and after the intervention, and levels of proteins involved in the TLR2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways were analyzed. The inflammatory status was evaluated through messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein content of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). After the 8-week resistance training, TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression was reduced in TG. MyD88, p65, phospho-p38, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon (TRIF), IKKi/IKKε, phospho-interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3, and phosho-IRF7 were also downregulated in TG after the intervention. The training program induced an increase of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Hsp70 and a reduction of Hsp60. While TNF-α mRNA and protein values remained unchanged in both TG and CG, IL-10 mRNA and protein content were upregulated in TG after the intervention. CRP values decreased in TG only. The increase in Hsp70 negatively correlated with TLR2 and TLR4 downregulation. These data suggest that resistance exercise may represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status of old participants through an attenuation of MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Mar Almar
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Yubisay Mejías
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - José A. de Paz
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - María J. Cuevas
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- />Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, de Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1075-84. [PMID: 24519446 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed markers of muscle damage and training adaptations to eccentric-overload flywheel resistance exercise (RE) in men and women. METHODS Dynamic strength (1 RM), jump performance, maximal power at different percentages of 1 RM, and muscle mass in three different portions of the thigh were assessed in 16 men and 16 women before and after 6 weeks (15 sessions) of flywheel supine squat RE training. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were measured before, 24, 48 and 72 h after the first and the last training session. RESULTS After training, increases in 1 RM were somewhat greater (interaction P < 0.001) in men (25 %) than in women (20 %). Squat and drop jump height and power performance at 50, 60, 70 and 80 % of 1 RM increased after training in both sexes (P < 0.05). Power improvement at 80 % of 1 RM was greater (interaction P < 0.02) in men than women. Muscle mass increased ~5 % in both groups (P < 0.05). CK increased in men after the first training session (P < 0.001), whereas the response in women was unaltered. In both sexes, LDH concentration was greater after the first training session compared with basal values (P < 0.05). After the last session, CK and LDH remained at baseline in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although improvements in maximal strength and power at high loads may be slightly greater for men, eccentric-overload RE training induces comparable and favorable gains in strength, power, and muscle mass in both men and women. Equally important, it appears muscle damage does not interfere with the adaptations triggered by this training paradigm.
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García-López D, de Paz JA, Moneo E, Jiménez-Jiménez R, Bresciani G, Izquierdo M. Effects of short vs. long rest period between sets on elbow-flexor muscular endurance during resistance training to failure. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21:1320-4. [PMID: 18076247 DOI: 10.1519/r-21096.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine short-term resistance training effects of resting period length between sets on maximal number of repetitions and mean velocity over a moderate-intensity (60% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) set to failure on elbow-flexor muscles. The MVIC and surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) were also measured. Twenty-one untrained subjects were divided into 3 groups: short rest between sets (1 minute; SR), long rest between sets (4 minutes; LR), and nontraining control group (CG). The SR and LR performed 3 sets to failure in an arm-curl machine, 2 days per week for 5 weeks, with moderate loads (60-75% of the MVIC). The LR completed a significantly higher (31.6%, p < 0.05) total training volume than the SR. Both training groups enhanced the maximal number of repetitions to failure, with no significant differences in the magnitude of gains. The posttraining average velocity achieved by the SR at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of the total number of repetitions completed was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the corresponding average velocity achieved on pretraining conditions, whereas no significant differences were observed in the LR. No significant changes in the MVIC or sEMG were observed in any group. We conclude that short-term elbow-flexor resistance training to failure, allowing 1 or 4 minutes of rest between sets, induces similar gains concerning local muscular endurance. Nevertheless, only the SR training approach reduced the rate of decline in the average repetition velocity during a set to failure. This can be of some importance in sport modalities in which not only the maximal number of repetitions (e.g., muscle endurance), but also a greater maintenance of high repetition velocities, may be critical for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
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Garatachea N, Jiménez A, Bresciani G, Mariño NA, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. The effects of movement velocity during squatting on energy expenditure and substrate utilization in whole-body vibration. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21:594-8. [PMID: 17530981 DOI: 10.1519/r-20566.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how cycle time duration affects energy expenditure and substrate utilization during whole-body vibration (WBV). Nine men performed 3 squatting exercises in execution frequency cycles of 6, 4, and 2 seconds to 90 degrees knee flexion with vibration (Vb+) (frequency was set at 30 Hz and the amplitude of vibration was 4 mm) and without vibration (Vb-) during 3 minutes, each with an additional load of 30% of the subject's body weight. A 2-way analysis of variance for VO2 revealed a significant vibration condition main effect (p < 0.001) and a cycle time duration effect (p < 0.001). When differences were analyzed by Fisher's LSD test, cycle time duration of 2 seconds was significantly different from 4 and 6 seconds, both in Vb+ and Vb-. Total energy expenditure (EE(tot)), carbohydrate oxidation rate (EE(cho)), and fat oxidation rate (EE(fat)) demonstrated a significant vibration condition main effect (EE(tot): p < 0.01; EE(cho): p < 0.001; EE(fat): p < 0.001) and cycle time duration main effect (EE(tot) and EE(cho): p < 0.001; EE(fat): p < 0.01). EE(tot), EE(cho), and EE(fat) post hoc comparisons indicated that values for the 2-second test significantly differed from 4 and 6 seconds when compared in the same vibration condition. VO2 and EE values were greater in Vb+ than in Vb- conditions with the same cycle time duration. Our study confirms that squatting at a greater frequency helps to maximize energy expenditure during exercise with or without vibration. Therefore, cycle time duration must be controlled when vibration exercise is prescribed.
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Alvear-Ordenes I, de Paz JA, Barrio JP, Cruz-Tornez AF, González-Gallego J. Physical Exercise and Urea Levels in Plasma, Sweat and Urine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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