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Rivas GBS, Teles-de-Freitas R, Pavan MG, Lima JBP, Peixoto AA, Bruno RV. Effects of Light and Temperature on Daily Activity and Clock Gene Expression in Two Mosquito Disease Vectors. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:272-288. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730418772175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B. S. Rivas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José B. P. Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sampaio VS, Beltrán TP, Kobylinski KC, Melo GC, Lima JBP, Silva SGM, Rodriguez ÍC, Silveira H, Guerra MGVB, Bassat Q, Pimenta PFP, Lacerda MVG, Monteiro WM. Filling gaps on ivermectin knowledge: effects on the survival and reproduction of Anopheles aquasalis, a Latin American malaria vector. Malar J 2016; 15:491. [PMID: 27660149 PMCID: PMC5034551 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies designed to advance towards malaria elimination rely on the detection and treatment of infections, rather than fever, and the interruption of malaria transmission between mosquitoes and humans. Mass drug administration with anti-malarials directed at eliminating parasites in blood, either to entire populations or targeting only those with malaria infections, are considered useful strategies to progress towards malaria elimination, but may be insufficient if applied on their own. These strategies assume a closer contact with populations, so incorporating a vector control intervention tool to those approaches could significantly enhance their efficacy. Ivermectin, an endectocide drug efficacious against a range of Anopheles species, could be added to other drug-based interventions. Interestingly, ivermectin could also be useful to target outdoor feeding and resting vectors, something not possible with current vector control tools, such as impregnated bed nets or indoor residual spraying (IRS). RESULTS Anopheles aquasalis susceptibility to ivermectin was assessed. In vivo assessments were performed in six volunteers, being three men and three women. The effect of ivermectin on reproductive fitness and mosquito survivorship using membrane feeding assay (MFA) and direct feeding assay (DFA) was assessed and compared. The ivermectin lethal concentration (LC) values were LC50 = 47.03 ng/ml [44.68-49.40], LC25 = 31.92 ng/ml [28.60-34.57] and LC5 = 18.28 ng/ml [14.51-21.45]. Ivermectin significantly reduced the survivorship of An. aquasalis blood-fed 4 h post-ingestion (X 2 [N = 880] = 328.16, p < 0.001), 2 days post-ingestion (DPI 2) (X 2 [N = 983] = 156.75, p < 0.001), DPI 7 (X 2 [N = 935] = 31.17, p < 0.001) and DPI 14 (X 2 [N = 898] = 38.63, p < 0.001) compared to the blood fed on the untreated control. The average number of oviposited eggs per female was significantly lower in LC5 group (22.44 [SD = 3.38]) than in control (34.70 [SD = 12.09]) (X 2 [N = 199] = 10.52, p < 0.001) as well as the egg hatch rate (LC5 = 74.76 [SD = 5.48]) (Control = 81.91 [SD = 5.92]) (X 2 [N = 124] = 64.24, p < 0.001). However, no differences were observed on the number of pupae that developed from larvae (Control = 34.19 [SD = 10.42) and group (LC5 = 33.33 [SD = 11.97]) (X 2 [N = 124] = 0.96, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ivermectin drug reduces mosquito survivorship when blood fed on volunteer blood from 4 h to 14 days post-ingestion controlling for volunteers' gender. Ivermectin at mosquito sub-lethal concentrations (LC5) reduces fecundity and egg hatch rate but not the number of pupae that developed from larvae. DFA had significantly higher effects on mosquito survival compared to MFA. The findings are presented and discussed through the prism of malaria elimination in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderson S. Sampaio
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Sala de Análise de Situação em Saúde, Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P. Beltrán
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Gisely C. Melo
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Sara G. M. Silva
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Íria C. Rodriguez
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria G. V. B. Guerra
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Paulo F. P. Pimenta
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. G. Lacerda
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Giglio NF, Sousa-Lima AS, Gallardo AKR, Lima JBP. Laboratory Colonization of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) by Induced Copulation. J Med Entomol 2015; 52:3-8. [PMID: 26336274 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem, the control of which involves actions directed against its vector, mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles Meigan, 1818. The study of insect biology, ecology, and behavior is simplified when these insects are maintained at the laboratory. However, many of the species are eurygamic and require induced mating. Females of Anopheles marajoara Galvão e Damasceno, 1942 were collected at Mazagão county, State of Amapá, Brazil. F1 eggs were obtained through forced oviposition and raised until mosquito emergence. Around 300 mosquitoes were maintained in each cage and were fed with a 10% sugar solution. Induced mating was made to obtain the other generations. Females had their spermathecae examined for the presence of sperm. The efficacy of coupling in each generation was evaluated. The viability of a sample of generations F5, F9, F12, and F14 was followed from larvae to adult. Two free mating attempts were done. The results demonstrate adaptation of An. marajoara to laboratory conditions over 21 generations, with viability rates temporally increasing. There was no evidence of adaptation to free mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Giglio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A S Sousa-Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A K R Gallardo
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá, Zoology Division, Medical Entomology Section, Rodovia JK, km 10, Campus da Fazendinha, CEP: 68912-250, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - J B P Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, sala 12, Manguinhos, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, 102 Benfica, CEP: 20911-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gentile C, Rivas GBDS, Lima JBP, Bruno RV, Peixoto AA. Circadian clock of Aedes aegypti: effects of blood-feeding, insemination and RNA interference. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108 Suppl 1:80-7. [PMID: 24473806 PMCID: PMC4109183 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the culprits of some of the most important vector borne diseases. A
species’ potential as a vector is directly dependent on their pattern of behaviour,
which is known to change according to the female’s physiological status such as
whether the female is virgin/mated and unfed/blood-fed. However, the molecular
mechanism triggered by and/or responsible for such modulations in behaviour is poorly
understood. Clock genes are known to be responsible for the control of circadian
behaviour in several species. Here we investigate the impact mating and blood-feeding
have upon the expression of these genes in the mosquito Aedes
aegypti . We show that blood intake, but not insemination, is responsible
for the down-regulation of clock genes. Using RNA interference, we observe a slight
reduction in the evening activity peak in the fourth day after dstim
injection. These data suggest that, as in Drosophila , clock gene
expression, circadian behaviour and environmental light regimens are interconnected
in Ae. aegypti .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
| | | | - José B P Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Rios-Velásquez CM, Martins-Campos KM, Simões RC, Izzo T, dos Santos EV, Pessoa FAC, Lima JBP, Monteiro WM, Secundino NFC, Lacerda MVG, Tadei WP, Pimenta PFP. Experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of key Anopheles species from the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2013; 12:460. [PMID: 24359307 PMCID: PMC3878095 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles darlingi is the major malaria vector in countries located in the Amazon region. Anopheles aquasalis and Anopheles albitarsis s.l. are also proven vectors in this region. Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus s.l. were found infected with Plasmodium vivax; however, their status as vectors is not yet well defined. Knowledge of susceptibility of Amazon anopheline populations to Plasmodium infection is necessary to better understand their vector capacity. Laboratory colonization of An. darlingi, the main Amazon vector, has proven to be difficult and presently An. aquasalis is the only available autonomous colony. Methods Larvae of An. darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l., An. nuneztovari s.l. and An. triannulatus s.l. were collected in the field and reared until adult stage. Adults of An. aquasalis were obtained from a well-established colony. Mosquitoes were blood-fed using a membrane-feeding device containing infected blood from malarial patients. The infection of the distinct Anopheles species was evaluated by the impact variance of the following parameters: (a) parasitaemia density; (b) blood serum inactivation of the infective bloodmeal; (c) influence of gametocyte number on infection rates and number of oocysts. The goal of this work was to compare the susceptibility to P. vivax of four field-collected Anopheles species with colonized An. aquasalis. Results All Anopheles species tested were susceptible to P. vivax infection, nevertheless the proportion of infected mosquitoes and the infection intensity measured by oocyst number varied significantly among species. Inactivation of the blood serum prior to mosquito feeding increased infection rates in An. darlingi and An. triannulatus s.l., but was diminished in An. albitarsis s.l. and An. aquasalis. There was a positive correlation between gametocyte density and the infection rate in all tests (Z = −8.37; p < 0.001) but varied among the mosquito species. Anopheles albitarsis s.l., An. aquasalis and An. nuneztovari s.l. had higher infection rates than An. darlingi. Conclusion All field-collected Anopheles species, as well as colonized An. aquasalis are susceptible to experimental P. vivax infections by membrane feeding assays. Anopheles darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l. and An. aquasalis are very susceptible to P. vivax infection. However, colonized An. aquasalis mosquitoes showed the higher infection intensity represented by infection rate and oocyst numbers. This study is the first to characterize experimental development of Plasmodium infections in Amazon Anopheles vectors and also to endorse that P. vivax infection of colonized An. aquasalis is a feasible laboratory model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulo F P Pimenta
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr, Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Gentile C, Rivas GBS, Meireles-Filho ACA, Lima JBP, Peixoto AA. Circadian expression of clock genes in two mosquito disease vectors: cry2 is different. J Biol Rhythms 2010; 24:444-51. [PMID: 19926804 DOI: 10.1177/0748730409349169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different mosquito species show a full range of activity patterns, including diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal behaviors. Although activity and blood-feeding rhythms are controlled by the circadian clock, it is not yet known whether such species-specific differences in behavior are controlled directly by core clock genes or instead reflect differences in how the information of the central clock is translated into output signals. The authors have analyzed the circadian expression of clock genes in two important mosquito vectors of tropical diseases, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus . Although these two species show very different locomotor activity patterns and are estimated to have diverged more than 22 million years ago, they show conserved circadian expression patterns for all major cycling clock genes except mammalian-like cryptochrome2 (cry2). The results indicate that different mechanisms for cry2 regulation may exist for the two species. The authors speculate that the correlation between the differences in behavior between Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus and their corresponding cry2 mRNA profiles suggests a potential role for this clock gene in controlling species-specific rhythmic behavior. However, further work is needed to establish that this is the case as the different cry2 expression patterns might reflect differences between the Aedes and Culex lineages that are not directly related to changes in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gentile
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz -FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gentile C, Meireles-Filho ACA, Britto C, Lima JBP, Valle D, Peixoto AA. Cloning and daily expression of the timeless gene in Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae). Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 36:878-84. [PMID: 17046601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular approaches for studying biological rhythms in insects have been well investigated in the model Drosophila melanogaster, in which a number of genes have been characterized in terms of sequence, expression, protein interactions and involvement in the control of locomotor activity and eclosion rhythms. However, only scattered information is available for insect vectors of diseases. In this paper, we report the cloning and expression analysis of the clock gene timeless in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, vector of Dengue and Yellow Fever viruses. In Drosophila, timeless has a crucial role in the control of the central pacemaker and the resetting mechanism that allows the clock to synchronize with the environment light-dark cycles. Comparison of the predicted protein sequence encoded by timeless in Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster demonstrated high similarity in some important domains, suggesting functional conservation. Analysis of the daily expression of timeless in Ae. aegypti shows a peak in mRNA abundance around the light-dark transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gentile
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos CEP 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gentile C, Lima JBP, Peixoto AA. Isolation of a fragment homologous to the rp49 constitutive gene of Drosophila in the Neotropical malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100:545-7. [PMID: 16302065 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive ribosomal gene rp49 is frequently used as an endogenous control in Drosophila gene expression experiments. Using the degenerate primer PCR technique we have cloned a fragment homologous to this gene in Anopheles aquasalis Curry, a Neotropical vector of malaria. In addition, based on this first sequence, a new primer was designed, which allowed the isolation of fragments of rp49 in two other species, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, suggesting that it could be used to clone fragments of this gene in a number of other mosquito species. Primers were also designed to specifically amplify rp49 cDNA fragments in An. aquasalis and Ae. aegypti, showing that rp49 could be used as a good constitutive control in gene expression studies of these and other vectorially important mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gentile
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brasil
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