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1-Deoxynojirimycin containing Morus alba leaf-based food modulates the gut microbiome and expression of genes related to obesity. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:133. [PMID: 38570815 PMCID: PMC10988916 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious disease with an alarmingly high incidence that can lead to other complications in both humans and dogs. Similar to humans, obesity can cause metabolic diseases such as diabetes in dogs. Natural products may be the preferred intervention for metabolic diseases such as obesity. The compound 1-deoxynojirimycin, present in Morus leaves and other sources has antiobesity effects. The possible antiobesity effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin containing Morus alba leaf-based food was studied in healthy companion dogs (n = 46) visiting the veterinary clinic without a history of diseases. Body weight, body condition score (BCS), blood-related parameters, and other vital parameters of the dogs were studied. Whole-transcriptome of blood and gut microbiome analysis was also carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms of action and role of changes in the gut microbiome due to treatment. RESULTS After 90 days of treatment, a significant antiobesity effect of the treatment food was observed through the reduction of weight, BCS, and blood-related parameters. A whole-transcriptome study revealed differentially expressed target genes important in obesity and diabetes-related pathways such as MLXIPL, CREB3L1, EGR1, ACTA2, SERPINE1, NOTCH3, and CXCL8. Gut microbiome analysis also revealed a significant difference in alpha and beta-diversity parameters in the treatment group. Similarly, the microbiota known for their health-promoting effects such as Lactobacillus ruminis, and Weissella hellenica were abundant (increased) in the treatment group. The predicted functional pathways related to obesity were also differentially abundant between groups. CONCLUSIONS 1-Deoxynojirimycin-containing treatment food have been shown to significantly improve obesity. The identified genes, pathways, and gut microbiome-related results may be pursued in further studies to develop 1-deoxynojirimycin-based products as candidates against obesity.
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Prediction of apparent total tract digestion of crude protein in adult dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:374-386. [PMID: 38628688 PMCID: PMC11016737 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To predict the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in dogs we developed an in vitro system using an in vitro digestion method and a statistical analysis. The experimental diets used chicken meat powder as the protein source, with CP levels of 20% (22.01%, analyzed CP value as dry-based), 30% (31.35%, analyzed CP value as dry-based), and 40% (41.34%, analyzed CP value as dry-based). To simulate in vivo digestive processes a static in vitro digestion was performed in two steps; stomach and small intestine. To analyze ATTD the total fecal samples were collected in eight neutered beagle dogs during the experimental period. CP digestibility was calculated by measuring CP levels in dog food, in vitro undigested fraction, and dog feces. In result, CP digestibility at both in vivo and in vitro was increased with increasing dietary CP levels. To estimate in vivo digestibility the co-relation of in vivo ATTD and in vitro digestibility was investigated statistically and a regression equation was developed to predict the CP ATTD (% = 2.5405 × in vitro CP digestibility (%) + 151.8). The regression equation was evaluated its feasibility by using a commercial diet. The predicted CP digestibility which was calculated by the regression equation showed high index of similarity (100.16%) with that of in vivo in dogs. With that, it would be a feasible non-animal method to predict in vivo CP digestibility by using in vitro digestion method and the proposed linear regression equation in adult dogs.
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Rabbit Meat Extract Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Foods 2023; 12:3671. [PMID: 37835324 PMCID: PMC10572372 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipocytes may be an innovative approach to address obesity. This study investigated the effects of rabbit meat extract on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a specific emphasis on inducing browning. The browning effects of rabbit meat extract were evaluated by analyzing genes specifically expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Rabbit meat extract increased the expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1 and PGC1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis factors, TFAM and NRF1, without affecting cell viability in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, adipocyte differentiation and the triglyceride content were decreased; hormone-sensitive lipase activity was promoted. Rabbit meat extract activated the AMPK pathway in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. However, in adipocytes treated with rabbit meat extract, the expression of genes related to browning was reduced by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, dorsomorphin dihydrochloride. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that rabbit meat extract induces the browning of white adipocytes via the activation of the AMPK pathway, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential in preventing obesity.
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Effects of resistant starch on anti-obesity status and nutrient digestibility in dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:550-561. [PMID: 37332283 PMCID: PMC10271923 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of corn resistant starch (RS) on the anti-obesity properties, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters in healthy beagles. Four spayed and six castrated beagle dogs were divided into a control group (CON) with a diet comprising rice and chicken meal and a treatment group (TRT) with a diet comprising corn with an increased RS content by heating-cooling and chicken meal. All dogs in the CON and TRT groups were fed a 1.2-fold higher energy diet than the daily recommended energy requirement for 16 weeks. Throughout the study period, the body weight of dogs in CON increased, whereas no change in body weight was observed in TRT, resulting in a significant difference in body weight between the two groups at the end of the experiment. Moreover, a significant reduction in the apparent total tract digestibility was observed upon the analysis of dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, and organic matter in TRT compared with that in CON. The complete blood cell composition and biochemical parameters were within the reference range in both groups. A significant increase in the concentration of serum adiponectin was found in TRT at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that the corn RS may be beneficial for weight management owing to its reduced nutrient digestibility.
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Obese dogs exhibit different fecal microbiome and specific microbial networks compared with normal weight dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:723. [PMID: 36639715 PMCID: PMC9839755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is a major health concern that predisposes dogs to various disorders. The fecal microbiome has been attracting attention because of their impact on energy efficiency and metabolic disorders of host. However, little is known about specific microbial interactions, and how these may be affected by obesity in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in fecal microbiome and specific microbial networks between obese and normal dogs. A total of 20 beagle dogs (males = 12, body weight [BW]: 10.5 ± 1.08 kg; females = 8, BW: 11.3 ± 1.71 kg; all 2-year-old) were fed to meet the maintenance energy requirements for 18 weeks. Then, 12 beagle dogs were selected based on body condition score (BCS) and divided into two groups: high BCS group (HBCS; BCS range: 7-9, males = 4, females = 2) and normal BCS group (NBCS; BCS range: 4-6, males = 4, females = 2). In the final week of the experiment, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum, before breakfast, for analyzing the fecal microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The HBCS group had a significantly higher final BW than the NBCS group (P < 0.01). The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, and an unclassified genus within Ruminococcaceae were significantly higher in the HBCS group than those in the NBCS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, some Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules related to amino acid biosynthesis and B vitamins biosynthesis were enriched in the HBCS group (P < 0.10), whereas those related to carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the NBCS group (P < 0.10). Microbial network analysis revealed distinct co-occurrence and mutually exclusive interactions between the HBCS and NBCS groups. In conclusion, several genera related to short-chain fatty acid production were enriched in the HBCS group. The enriched KEGG modules in the HBCS group enhanced energy efficiency through cross-feeding between auxotrophs and prototrophs. However, further studies are needed to investigate how specific networks can be interpreted in the context of fermentation characteristics in the lower gut and obesity in dogs.
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Body Weight Development in Adult Dogs Fed a High Level Resistant Starch Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3440. [PMID: 36496962 PMCID: PMC9737651 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Dodamssal rice, which has a high content of resistant starch, on obesity and hematologic properties in dogs. In Experiment 1, 24 spayed dogs were divided into three feeding groups: normal-fat basal diet (control), high-fat diet with 12% normal amylose type rice (hNAR), and high-fat diet with 12% high amylose type rice (Dodamssal rice; hHAR). In Experiment 2, 8 spayed dogs were assigned to a normal amylose type rice (NAR) group and a high amylose type rice group (HAR) with a normal-fat basal diet. After 24 weeks, an increase in weight and blood cholesterol was observed in both high-fat diet groups for Experiment 1. Specifically, an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase was observed over time in the hNAR group compared with that of the control; however, no such patterns were present in the hHAR group. Further, a significant weight-loss effect was observed in the HAR group in Experiment 2 at 4 weeks. The effect on body weight was due to the reduced digestibility of amylose and thereby lower dietary ME content. Overall, this confirmed that Dodamssal rice had a positive effect on weight loss in dogs, and these results suggest that Dodamssal rice has potential value as a raw ingredient for preventing obesity in dogs.
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PSXI-7 Effects of Hericium Erinaceus on Health of Aged Dogs. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal mushroom that has beneficial effects in human anti-oxidation, immune enhancement, and nerve growth factor stimulation. Aging-related benefits have also been described. The present study investigated the effect of H. erinaceus on aged dogs, with adult (5 years old) and aged (11 years old) animals untreated as controls (C1 and C2, respectively). Aged dogs were additionally treated with 0.4 g (T1) and 0.8 g (T2) H. erinaceus per metabolic body weight. In a two-choice preference test, the experimental diet with H. erinaceus was completely consumed more rapidly. No significant change in body weight, body condition score, and feces score were evident for 16 weeks. Complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses were in normal ranges. These findings indicated that H. erinaceus was not detrimental to the general health of dogs. Metabolome profiles in sera were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to investigate the metabolic change in dogs fed H. erinaceus. After 8 weeks, formate, ascorbate (vitamin C), acetone and choline concentrations were significantly increased. These compounds were also significantly increased after 16 weeks in the T2 group. Formate is influential in cell proliferation, acetone and choline are involved in lipid membrane formation, and ascorbate is essential for tissue repair. Additionally, choline and ascorbate are involved in antioxidant system. Collectively, the findings indicate the benefit of H. erinaceus to increase cell proliferation and tissue repair activity that might be related to enhancing an antioxidant activity in aged dogs.
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Evaluating sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues using animal modeling. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:911-921. [PMID: 36287781 PMCID: PMC9574612 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maximum residue limits (MRL) for pesticides in feed have been set to protect public health and produce safe livestock products. In vivo experiments to establish MRL are essential, as livestock are commonly used to obtain reliable In vivo quantitative information. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether small laboratory animals can replace or reduce monogastric livestock in experiments to quantify pesticide residues In vivo after oral consumption through feed. First, 24 pigs and rats were randomly assigned to four groups and fed 0, 3, 9, or 30 mg/kg of sulfoxaflor. After four weeks, serum, muscle, fat, liver, kidney, and small intestine samples were collected, and sulfoxaflor residues were analyzed using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues were significantly correlated with those in rat tissues. Model equations were formulated based on the residual sulfoxaflor amount in pig and rat tissues. The calculated and measured sulfoxaflor residues in pigs and rats showed more than 90% similarity. Sulfoxaflor did not affect body weight gain, feed intake, or the feed conversion ratio. Therefore, we concluded that pesticide residue quantification in vivo to establish MRL could be performed using small laboratory animals instead of livestock animals. This would contribute to obtaining In vivo pesticide residue information and reducing large-scale livestock animal experiments.
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Gut microbiota profiling in aged dogs after feeding pet food contained Hericium erinaceus. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:937-949. [PMID: 36287790 PMCID: PMC9574611 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Health concern of dogs is the most important issue for pet owners. People who
have companied the dogs long-term provide the utmost cares for their well-being
and healthy life. Recently, it was revealed that the population and types of gut
microbiota affect the metabolism and immunity of the host. However, there is
little information on the gut microbiome of dogs. Hericium
erinaceus (H. erinaceus; HE) is one of the
well-known medicinal mushrooms and has multiple bioactive components including
polyphenol, β-glucan, polysaccharides, ergothioneine, hericerin,
erinacines, etc. Here we tested a pet food that contained H.
erinaceus for improvement in the gut microbiota environment of aged
dogs. A total of 18 dogs, each 11 years old, were utilized. For sixteen weeks,
the dogs were fed with 0.4 g of H. erinaceus (HE-L), or 0.8 g (HE-H), or without
H. erinaceus (CON) per body weight (kg) with daily diets (n
= 6 per group). Taxonomic analysis was performed using metagenomics to
investigate the difference in the gut microbiome. Resulting from principal
coordinates analysis (PCoA) to confirm the distance difference between the
groups, there was a significant difference between HE-H and CON due to weighted
Unique fraction metric (Unifrac) distance (p = 0.047), but HE-L
did not have a statistical difference compared to that of CON. Additionally, the
result of Linear discriminate analysis of effect size (LEfSe) showed that phylum
Bacteroidetes in HE-H and its order Bacteroidales
increased, compared to that of CON, Additionally, phylum
Firmicutes in HE-H, and its genera
(Streptococcus, Tyzzerella) were reduced.
Furthermore, at the family level, Campylobacteraceae and its
genus Campylobacter in HE-H was decreased compared to that of
CON. Summarily, our data demonstrated that the intake of H.
erinaceus can regulate the gut microbial community in aged dogs,
and an adequate supply of HE on pet diets would possibly improve immunity and
anti-obesity on gut-microbiota in dogs.
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Age-related digestibility of nutrients depending on the moisture content in aged dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1355-1361. [PMID: 34957449 PMCID: PMC8672265 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Digestibility of pet food can affect the health of dog, especially of aged animals. To maintain the health of dogs in an overall good status it is necessary to provide nutritionally balanced food. For example, the digestibility of dogs was known to be decreased along aging. In addition, losing teethes is an often event in aged dogs that could induce a problem to eat a large size dry pet food. Nonetheless, few detailed information is available on the most suited feeding for aged dogs. As part of the nutritional study of food for aged dogs, in this study, we tested whether food type impacts on digestibility on adult versus senior dogs. The methodology to measure the digestibility of nutrients was chosen the index method using chromium oxide. Dogs were fed the same commercial dry or wet diets, which were supplemented with 0.5% chromium oxide. The wet food was prepared by adding twice volume of water in the dry food prior to incubated overnight (14-16 hours) at room temperature. After five days, their feces were collected up to a total weight of > 200 g which was the amount to analyze undigested nutrients in feces as 3 repeats. In the apparent total tract digestibility analysis of the experimental breed, no difference in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and energy was observed regarding the moisture content of the food. Noteworthy, the digestibility of nitrogen free extract was significantly increased in senior dogs fed dry dog food compared with adult dogs fed the same diet, whereas no difference was observed between senior and adult dogs fed wet food. The small breed dogs showed similar results to the experimental breed dogs. However, the digestibility of crude fat was additionally affected by age and food type unlike the experimental breed dogs. This finding suggests that the food moisture content affects the digestibility of nutrients in dogs with aging. Hence, it may be helpful to determine the nutrient contents in foods for senior dogs depending on the food type.
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Effect of black ginseng and silkworm supplementation on obesity, the transcriptome, and the gut microbiome of diet-induced overweight dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16334. [PMID: 34381138 PMCID: PMC8358025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Like humans, weight control in overweight dogs is associated with a longer life expectancy and a healthier life. Dietary supplements are one of the best strategies for controlling obesity and obesity-associated diseases. This study was conducted to assess the potential of black ginseng (BG) and silkworm (SW) as supplements for weight control in diet-induced overweight beagle dogs. To investigate the changes that occur in dogs administered the supplements, different obesity-related parameters, such as body condition score (BCS), blood fatty acid profile, transcriptome, and microbiome, were assessed in high energy diet (HD) and HD with BG + SW supplementation (HDT) groups of test animals. After 12 weeks of BG + SW supplementation, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced in the HDT group. In the transcriptome analysis, nine genes (NUGGC, EFR3B, RTP4, ACAN, HOXC4, IL17RB, SOX13, SLC18A2, and SOX4) that are known to be associated with obesity were found to be differentially expressed between the ND (normal diet) and HD groups as well as the HD and HDT groups. Significant changes in some taxa were observed between the HD and ND groups. These data suggest that the BG + SW supplement could be developed as dietary interventions against diet-induced obesity, and obesity-related differential genes could be important candidates in the mechanism of the anti-obesity effects of the BG + SW supplement.
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Effect of commercially purified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxins on microbial diversity of pig cecum contents. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:243-255. [PMID: 32777887 PMCID: PMC7876725 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process. METHODS We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.
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Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae oil as a dietary fat source in broiler chicken diets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:187-197. [PMID: 32292926 PMCID: PMC7142286 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly
larvae oil (BSFLO) from the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a partial or
total replacement of soybean oil (SBO) on growth performance, fatty acid (FA)
profile, and meat quality of broiler chickens from 1 to 5 wk of age. A total of
210 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) at one-day of age were randomly allotted to
3 dietary treatments (10 replicates and 7 birds/group): a basal control diet
(CON), the basal diet in which the SBO was replaced by 50% (50 BSFLO) or 100%
(100 BSFLO) of BSFLO. The growth performance, physical measurements and chemical
traits of leg meat, and sensory analysis of breast meat were not influenced by
diets. However, the relative weight (g/kg) of gizzard of CON was significantly
higher (14.85, 12.52, and 13.02 for CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO;
p < 0.05) than that of other treatments. As expected,
the FA profile of breast meat was affected by BSFLO inclusion. The proportion
(%) of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was increased (27.16, 27.58, and 28.72 for
CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.05) by BSFLO inclusion
and the percentage (%) of MUFA was also increased (43.36, 44.58, and 48.55 for
CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.01). On the contrary,
the proportion (%) of PUFA was decreased (29.49, 27.84, and 22.74 for CON, 50
BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present
study suggests that the replacement of BSFLO did not show an adverse effect on
growth performance and it could be an ingredient as a dietary fat source for a
broiler diet.
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Difference of gut microbiota composition based on the body condition scores in dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:239-246. [PMID: 32292931 PMCID: PMC7142278 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microorganism residing in the gut has been known to have important roles in the animal body. Microbes and host microenvironment are highly related with host's health including energy metabolism and immune system. Moreover, it reported that gut microbiome is correlated with diseases like obesity in human and dogs. There have been many studies to identify and characterize microbes and their genes in human body. However, there was little information of microbiome in companion animals. Here, we investigated microbiota communities in feaces from twenty - four Beagles (aged 2 years old) and analyzed the taxonomy profile using metagenomics to study the difference among gut microbiome based on body condition score (BCS). gDNA was isolated from feaces, sequenced and clustered. Taxonomy profiling was performed based on the NCBI database. BCS was evaluated once a week according to the description provided by World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Firmicutes phylum was the most abundant followed by Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. That main microbiota in gut were differently distributed based on the BCS. Fusobacteria has been known to be associated with colon cancer in human. Interestingly, Fusobacteria was in the third level from the top in healthy dog's gut microbiome. In addition, Fusobacteria was especially higher in overweight dogs which had 6 scales of BCS. Species Fusobacterium perfoetens was also more abundant when dogs were in BCS 6. It implied that F. perfoetens would be positively related with overweight in dogs. These finding would contribute to further studies of gut microbiome and their functions to improve dog's diets and health condition.
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Comparison of sample preparation procedures of inductively coupled plasma to measure elements in dog's hair. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:58-63. [PMID: 32082599 PMCID: PMC7008124 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pre-treatment condition affects on the element analysis of inductively
coupled plasma (ICP). In this study the pre-treatment condition of ICP has been
studied to quantify elements in dog’s hair. The hair samples were
collected from twelve female Beagles by clipping them into 1 or 2 cm at the back
neck. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements in hairs were
performed by using ICP. By ICP nine elements were qualitatively detected and
quantitatively analyzed (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Se, Zn). The measured amounts
of elements were compared between 3 step and 2 step procedures which were with
and without the acetone based washing step. The quantitative analysis showed
that the concentrations of K, Na, P, and Se were significantly decreased in hair
samples with acetone-based washing (p < 0.005 or 0.001)
unlike those without the acetone-based washing. It implied that some minerals
are lost by the acetone based washing during the sample preparation step.
Therefore, the acetone based washing process is not suitable for quantifying
elements in dog’s hair. In addition, the results of qualitative and
quantitative analysis were compared. Although there was a difference in absolute
values of elemental contents in hair, the results of qualitative and
quantitative analysis were significantly correlated each other. This finding
suggested that the results of qualitative analysis can be used to monitor
elemental contents in dog’s hair.
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A simple method to evaluate body condition score to maintain the optimal body weight in dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:366-370. [PMID: 31844547 PMCID: PMC6906133 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity induce serious health problems that exert negative effects
on dog’s welfare. Body condition score (BCS) is a common method to
evaluate the body fat mass in animals. By palpating and observing fats under the
skin it is possible to predict animal’s body fat accumulation condition.
BCS is also a useful tool to estimate body fat composition in dogs. However, BCS
can be subjective when it was performed by non-professionals like pet’s
owners. To develop a method to avoid the misevaluation of BCS twenty-four
Beagles were enrolled and performed BCS evaluation. In addition, the length of
chest and abdominal girths were measured. In correlation analysis, the sizes of
chest and abdominal girth were significantly correlated with BCS. Especially,
the difference and ratio of the chest and abdominal length were highly
correlated with the BCS. With that, we suggested that this simple measurement of
chest and abdominal girths by a measuring tape would be an effective method to
estimate BCS scores in dogs that helps non-professionals to manage their own
dog’s nutritional condition by monitoring body fat accumulation
condition.
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Follistatin Rescues Blastocyst Development of Poor Quality Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes by Delaying Meiotic Resumption With Decreased cGMP. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:759-772. [PMID: 28845753 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117725829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes resume maturation when removed from follicles and cultured in vitro. During folliculogenesis, oocytes are bathed in follicular fluid (FF), which provides an important and specialized microenvironment for oocyte competence. Follistatin (FST) is one component of FF that may play a role in oocyte maturation and embryo development. This study was conducted to examine possible effects of FST on porcine oocyte competence and embryo development. Exogenous FST in oocyte maturation medium for 22 or 44 hours did not improve nuclear maturation and had no effect on good quality cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). However, FST improved blastocyst rates in embryos derived from oocytes with less than 2 layers of cumulus. Follistatin treatment of the poor quality COC group increased transcript levels for genes indicative of oocyte quality. Transcript levels were also altered for cumulus expansion-related genes in response to FST when measured during the germinal vesicle breakdown stage. Interestingly, high-quality oocytes remained at germinal vesicle stage much longer than low-quality oocytes, FST treatment induced temporary blockage of spontaneous meiotic resumption when added during culture of both good and poor quality COCs, and levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were higher in FST-treated versus untreated groups for both good and poor quality oocytes. In conclusion, FST treatment of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation can rescue competency of poor quality oocytes to develop to blastocyst stage following in vitro fertilization. Beneficial effects of addition of FST to culture medium may be mediated by inhibiting degradation of cGMP and temporarily delaying nuclear maturation.
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Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a well-known laboratory technique. The principle of the SCNT involves the reprogramming a somatic nucleus by injecting a somatic cell into a recipient oocyte whose nucleus has been removed. Therefore, the nucleus donor cells are considered as a crucial factor in SCNT. Cell cycle synchronization of nucleus donor cells at G0/G1 stage can be induced by contact inhibition or serum starvation. In this study, acteoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside compound, was investigated to determine whether it is applicable for inducing cell cycle synchronization, cytoprotection, and improving SCNT efficiency in canine fetal fibroblasts. Primary canine fetal fibroblasts were treated with acteoside (10, 30, 50 μM) for various time periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). Cell cycle synchronization at G0/G1 stage did not differ significantly with the method of induction: acteoside treatment, contact inhibition or serum starvation. However, of these three treatments, serum starvation resulted in significantly increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (99.5 ± 0.3%) and apoptosis. The results also revealed that acteoside reduced ROS and apoptosis processes including necrosis in canine fetal fibroblasts, and improved the cell survival. Canine fetal fibroblasts treated with acteoside were successfully arrested at the G0/G1 stage. Moreover, the reconstructed embryos using nucleus donor cells treated with acteoside produced a healthy cloned dog, but not the embryos produced using nucleus donor cells subjected to contact inhibition. In conclusion, acteoside induced cell cycle synchronization of nucleus donor cells would be an alternative method to improve the efficiency of canine SCNT because of its cytoprotective effects.
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Effect of acteoside on the re-localization and abnormal morphology of mitochondria in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:939-48. [PMID: 27189054 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acteoside, an antioxidant, on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes to improve early parthenogenetic embryonic developmental competence. METHODS Porcine immature oocytes (total 770) were cultured in IVM medium with acteoside at various concentrations, 0 (control), 10, 30, and 50 μM. Each group was assessed for maturation and subsequent development rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (15 oocytes per group and four independent experiments performed), ultrastructure observation (15 oocytes per group), mitochondrial activity (30 oocytes per groups and three independent experiments performed), and expression patterns of apoptosis-related genes (100 expended parthenogenetic embryos per group and three independent experiment performed). Main outcome measures were the rates of IVM, blastocyst formation, ROS, mitochondria, and expression of apoptosis-related genes in oocytes treated with acteoside. RESULT(S) Addition of acteoside during IVM did not change the maturation efficiency of oocytes but improved the rate of blastocyst formation with significantly decreased ROS level. Moreover, in acteoside-treated oocytes, cytoplasmic maturation was improved with morphologically uniform distribution of mitochondria and lipid droplets in cytoplasm. Acteoside supplementation also increased the mRNA expression levels of antiapoptotic genes and reduced those of pro-apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION(S) Acteoside supplementation in IVM medium improves the oocyte quality and subsequent development of pre-implantation embryos that would eventually contribute to produce embryos with high embryonic development competence.
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Nestin expression in end-stage disease in dystrophin-deficient heart: implications for regeneration from endogenous cardiac stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:848-61. [PMID: 24068741 PMCID: PMC3808200 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nestin(+) cardiac stem cells differentiate into striated cells following myocardial infarct. Transplantation of exogenous stem cells into myocardium of a murine model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) increased proliferation of endogenous nestin(+) stem cells and resulted in the appearance of nestin(+) striated cells. This correlated with, and may be responsible for, prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy. We examined nestin(+) stem cells in the myocardium of dystrophin/utrophin-deficient (mdx/utrn(-/-)) mice, a model for DMD. We found that 92% of nestin(+) interstitial cells expressed Flk-1, a marker present on cardiac progenitor cells that differentiate into the cardiac lineage, and that a subset expressed Sca-1, present on adult cardiac cells that become cardiomyocytes. Nestin(+) interstitial cells maintained expression of Flk-1 but lost Sca-1 expression with age and were present in lower numbers in dystrophin-deficient heart than in wild-type heart. Unexpectedly, large clusters of nestin(+) striated cells ranging in size from 20 to 250 cells and extending up to 500 μm were present in mdx/utrn(-/-) heart near the end stage of disease. These cells were also present in dystrophin-deficient mdx/utrn(+/-) and mdx heart but not wild-type heart. Nestin(+) striated cells expressed cardiac troponin I, desmin, and Connexin 43 and correlated with proinflammatory CD68(+) macrophages. Elongated nestin(+) interstitial cells with striations were observed that did not express Flk-1 or the late cardiac marker cardiac troponin I but strongly expressed the early cardiac marker desmin. Nestin was also detected in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. These data indicate that new cardiomyocytes form in dystrophic heart, and nestin(+) interstitial cells may generate them in addition to other cells of the cardiac lineage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Heart/physiopathology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Nestin/biosynthesis
- Nestin/genetics
- Nestin/metabolism
- Regeneration/genetics
- Regeneration/physiology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/physiology
- Utrophin/deficiency
- Utrophin/genetics
- Utrophin/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Whole body MRI and fluorescent microscopy for detection of stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and DiI following intramuscular and systemic delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1052:177-193. [PMID: 23733536 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods to monitor transplanted stem cells in vivo are of great importance for potential therapeutic applications. Of particular interest are methods allowing noninvasive detection of stem cells throughout the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool that would allow detection of cells in nearly any tissue in the body and is already commonly used in the clinic. MRI tracking of stem cells is therefore feasible and likely to be easily adapted to patients receiving donor cells. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are good candidates for stem cell therapy, given the naturally regenerative nature of skeletal muscle, which repairs damage by employing endogenous stem cells from the muscle interstitium to regenerate muscle fibers throughout adulthood. We describe methods for labeling stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) to enhance MRI contrast, injecting them locally into skeletal and cardiac muscle, or systemically in mouse models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and tracking them in muscle tissue of live mice following injection. We focus on the use of whole body MRI to detect stem cells, as this is necessary for conditions such as muscular dystrophy, in which affected tissues are present throughout the body and systemic delivery of stem cells may be necessary. Emphasis is placed on the development of an MRI coil that is field of view (FOV) adjustable and can be used for both whole body imaging to determine stem cell localization as well as subsequent focusing on smaller, local regions where stem cells are present to obtain high-resolution images. We discuss the coil design and its significance for stem cell tracking. We also describe methods for labeling stem cells with a fluorescent dye and for tracking them in postmortem tissue specimens with fluorescent microscopy to correlate, compare, and contrast with results of whole body MRI in preclinical studies.
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Injection of vessel-derived stem cells prevents dilated cardiomyopathy and promotes angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation in mdx/utrn-/- but not aged mdx mouse models for duchenne muscular dystrophy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012; 2:68-80. [PMID: 23283493 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. DMD patients lack dystrophin protein and develop skeletal muscle pathology and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Approximately 20% succumb to cardiac involvement. We hypothesized that mesoangioblast stem cells (aorta-derived mesoangioblasts [ADMs]) would restore dystrophin and alleviate or prevent DCM in animal models of DMD. ADMs can be induced to express cardiac markers, including Nkx2.5, cardiac tropomyosin, cardiac troponin I, and α-actinin, and adopt cardiomyocyte morphology. Transplantation of ADMs into the heart of mdx/utrn(-/-) mice prior to development of DCM prevented onset of cardiomyopathy, as measured by echocardiography, and resulted in significantly higher CD31 expression, consistent with new vessel formation. Dystrophin-positive cardiomyocytes and increased proliferation of endogenous Nestin(+) cardiac stem cells were detected in ADM-injected heart. Nestin(+) striated cells were also detected in four of five mdx/utrn(-/-) hearts injected with ADMs. In contrast, when ADMs were injected into the heart of aged mdx mice with advanced fibrosis, no functional improvement was detected by echocardiography. Instead, ADMs exacerbated some features of DCM. No dystrophin protein, increase in CD31 expression, or increase in Nestin(+) cell proliferation was detected following ADM injection in aged mdx heart. Dystrophin was observed following transplantation of ADMs into the hearts of young mdx mice, however, suggesting that pathology in aged mdx heart may alter the fate of donor stem cells. In summary, ADMs delay or prevent development of DCM in dystrophin-deficient heart, but timing of stem cell transplantation may be critical for achieving benefit with cell therapy in DMD cardiac muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/prevention & control
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nestin
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/physiology
- Utrophin/genetics
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Dietary spray‐dried plasma attenuates inflammation caused by transport stress and increases pregnancy rate of mated female mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1027.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dietary spray‐dried plasma influences intestinal morphology, growth performance, and organ weight of mated female mice under transport stress. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1027.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cardiac dysfunction and pathology in the dystrophin and utrophin-deficient mouse during development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:368-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Aorta-derived mesoangioblasts differentiate into the oligodendrocytes by inhibition of the Rho kinase signaling pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1069-89. [PMID: 21793703 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are vessel-derived stem cells that differentiate into mesodermal derivatives. We have isolated postnatal aorta-derived mesoangioblasts (ADMs) that differentiate into smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle, and adipocytes, and regenerate damaged skeletal muscle in a murine model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report that the marker profile of ADM is similar to that of mesoangioblasts isolated from embryonic dorsal aorta, postnatal bone marrow, and heart, but distinct from mesoangioblasts derived from skeletal muscle. We also demonstrate that ADM differentiate into myelinating glial cells. ADM localize to peripheral nerve bundles in regenerating muscles and exhibit morphology and marker expression of mature Schwann cells, and myelinate axons. In vitro, ADM spontaneously express markers of oligodendrocyte progenitors, including the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2, nestin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α, the A2B5 antigen, thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α, and O4. Pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) initiated process extension by ADM, and when combined with insulin-like growth factor 1, PDGF, and thyroid hormone, enhanced ADM expression of oligodendrocyte precursor markers and maturation into the oligodendrocyte lineage. ADM injected into the right lateral ventricle of the brain migrate to the corpus callosum, and cerebellar white matter, where they express components of myelin. Because ADM differentiate or mature into cell types of both mesodermal and ectodermal origin, they may be useful for treatment of a variety of degenerative diseases, or repair and regeneration of multiple cell types in severely damaged tissue.
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14.1 T whole body MRI for detection of mesoangioblast stem cells in a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:1704-14. [PMID: 22086733 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging procedures will be important for stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy (MD). Mesoangioblasts regenerate muscle in animal models of muscular dystrophy. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used to visualize mesoangioblasts in vivo with MRI. Mesoangioblasts incorporated superparamagnetic iron oxide without transfection reagents, and cell differentiation was not negatively impacted. A custom-built radiofrequency coil with an adjustable field of view and 14.1 T magnet were used for whole-body MRI of mice. High-resolution images of mesoangioblasts in skeletal and cardiac muscle of Mdx mice were obtained following local delivery. Labeled cells were verified by Prussian blue staining and dystrophin expression, indicating that the wild-type mesoangioblasts survived and differentiated in muscle. Iron-labeled cells were detected with MRI in vivo 6 months following intracardiac injection but were determined to be activated macrophages. Iron-labeled cells were not detected by MRI following systemic delivery but were present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, visualized by Prussian blue staining. Systemically delivered mesoangioblasts were detected in lungs by Prussian blue staining and DiI but not by MRI in our study. MRI may be useful for short-term tracking of mesoangioblasts delivered locally but not for long-term monitoring or detection after systemic delivery.
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Abstract
Peyronie's disease in men with satisfactory erectile function but with significant penile curvature is often treated with plaque incision or excision and grafting. The advantages and disadvantages of various grafting materials have long been debated. While artificial materials have been used, the inflammatory reaction from these grafts has produced poor results. Dermal, venous and tunica vaginalis grafts require additional operative time to harvest and their quality varies. Packaged grafts of autologous materials provide a readily available, reliable and well-tolerated choice for penile reconstruction for Peyronie's disease. These grafting materials including cadavaric pericardium, mammalian intestinal serosal products and others are easily obtained and provide a resilient yet compliant graft choice that is easy to tailor and suture in place. Host reaction is minimal and the infection risk small. Results of Peyronie's plaque incision/excision and autologous grafting are presented and the surgical procedures employed are outlined. Excellent results can be expected in the hands of the experienced reconstructive surgeon.
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A comparison of dermal and cadaveric pericardial grafts in the modified Horton-Devine procedure for Peyronie's disease. J Urol 2001; 166:185-8. [PMID: 11435853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Penile curvature due to Peyronie's disease is often treated with plaque incision or excision and grafting. The advantages of various graft materials have long been debated. We studied the outcomes of dermal and cadaveric pericardial grafts after plaque incision or excision for Peyronie's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all modified Horton-Devine procedures performed between February 1998 and April 2000. Dermal graft harvested from the lower abdomen or commercially available cadaveric pericardium was used to cover the corporeal defect. A followup telephone questionnaire was administered to determine patient satisfaction and function. RESULTS We reviewed the records of 27 men, including 18 and 9 who received a dermal and pericardial graft, respectively. We successfully contacted 24 patients, including 15 with a dermal and 9 with a pericardial graft, to evaluate satisfaction. Average postoperative followup was 10 months. Of the 24 patients, 22 reported successful coitus and 15 (63%) needed assistance to achieve erection rigid enough for satisfactory coitus. Eight patients reported recurrent curvature, which was minimal and did not hamper sexual function. Overall 11 of the 15 patients with a dermal and 8 of the 9 with a pericardial graft would undergo the surgery again or recommend it to others. CONCLUSIONS The results of the dermal and cadaveric pericardial grafts were comparable. The minimal preoperative preparation, decreased patient morbidity and pliability of cadaveric pericardium make it an attractive suitable graft substitute in the modified Horton-Devine procedure. Longer followup and larger patient series are needed to confirm the advantages of cadaveric pericardium.
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Clinical manifestations of acute rejection in renal allograft patients. JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF THAILAND = CHOTMAIHET THANGPHAET 1978; 61 Suppl 1:134-8. [PMID: 342652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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