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Tarrant J, Owen L, Jenkins R, Smith L, Laird K. Survival of Clostridioides difficile spores in thermal and chemo-thermal laundering processes and influence of the exosporium on their adherence to cotton bed sheets. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1449-1459. [PMID: 35981120 PMCID: PMC9805185 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile spores were previously demonstrated to survive industrial laundering. Understanding interactions between heat, disinfectants and soiling (e.g. bodily fluids) affecting C. difficile spore survival could inform the optimization of healthcare laundry processes. Reducing spore attachment to linen could also enhance laundering efficacy. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of C. difficile spores to heat and detergent, with and without soiling and to investigate adherence to cotton. Survival of C. difficile spores exposed to industrial laundering temperatures (71-90°C), reference detergent and industrial detergent was quantified with and without soiling. The adherence to cotton after 0 and 24 h air drying was determined with the exosporium of C. difficile spores partially or fully removed. Clostridioides difficile spores were stable at 71°C for 20 min (≤0·37 log10 reduction) while 90°C was sporicidal (3 log10 reduction); soiling exerted a protective effect. Industrial detergent was more effective at 71°C compared to 25°C (2·81 vs 0·84 log10 reductions), however, specifications for sporicidal activity (>3 log10 reduction) were not met. Clostridioides difficile spores increasingly adhered to cotton over time, with 49% adherence after 24 h. Removal of the exosporium increased adherence by 19-23% compared to untreated spores. Further understanding of the role of the exosporium in attachment to cotton could enhance spore removal and aid decontamination of linen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tarrant
- The Infectious Disease Research Group, School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - L. Owen
- The Infectious Disease Research Group, School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - R. Jenkins
- The Infectious Disease Research Group, School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - L.J. Smith
- The Infectious Disease Research Group, School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - K. Laird
- The Infectious Disease Research Group, School of PharmacyDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK
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Tarrant J, Khokhlova M, Averbukh V. Publisher's Note: "Interferometry of quantum revivals" [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 054304 (2022)]. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:149902. [PMID: 36243528 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Tarrant
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - V Averbukh
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Ahmed SM, Anise A, Azzahir A, Baker KE, Cupito A, Eder M, Everette TD, Erwin K, Felzien M, Freeman E, Gibbs D, Greene-Moton E, Hernández-Cancio S, Hwang A, Jones F, Jones G, Jones M, Khodyakov D, Michener JL, Milstein B, Oto-Kent DS, Orban M, Pusch B, Shah M, Shaw M, Tarrant J, Wallerstein N, Westfall JM, Williams A, Zaldivar R. Assessing Meaningful Community Engagement: A Conceptual Model to Advance Health Equity through Transformed Systems for Health: Organizing Committee for Assessing Meaningful Community Engagement in Health & Health Care Programs & Policies. NAM Perspect 2022; 2022:202202c. [PMID: 35891775 PMCID: PMC9303007 DOI: 10.31478/202202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elmer Freeman
- Center for Community Health Education Research and Service
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cormier
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Julie Tarrant
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
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Prell R, Halpern W, Beyer J, Tarrant J, Sukumaran S, Huseni M, Kaiser R, Wilkins D, Karanth S, Chiu H, Ruppel J, Zhang C, Lin K, Damico-Beyer L, Kim J, Taylor H. 424 Nonclinical safety assessment of a humanized anti-OX40 agonist antibody, MOXR0916. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Darbonne WC, Du X, Dhawan P, Hartley D, Tarrant J, Taylor H, Cain G, Shih LM, Brachmann RK, Phung Q, Weekes CD, LoRusso P, Patnaik A, Xiang H, Ramakrishnan V. Mechanism for platelet reduction in anti-neuropilin-1 (MNRP1685A)–treated phase I patients. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rossi EA, Weiser P, Tarrant J, Roorda A. Does correction of higher order aberrations improve visual performance in myopes? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.13.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lloyd T, Dazzan P, Dean K, Park SBG, Fearon P, Doody GA, Tarrant J, Morgan KD, Morgan C, Hutchinson G, Leff J, Harrison G, Murray RM, Jones PB. Minor physical anomalies in patients with first-episode psychosis: their frequency and diagnostic specificity. Psychol Med 2008; 38:71-77. [PMID: 17662165 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased prevalence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) has been extensively documented in schizophrenia but their specificity for the disorder remains unclear. We investigated the prevalence and the predictive power of MPAs in a large sample of first-episode psychotic patients across a range of diagnoses. METHOD MPAs were examined in 242 subjects with first-episode psychosis (50% schizophrenia, 45% affective psychosis and 5% substance-induced psychosis) and 158 healthy controls. Categorical principal components analysis and analysis of variance were undertaken, and individual items with the highest loading were tested using the chi2 test. RESULTS Overall facial asymmetry, assymetry of the orbital landmarks, and frankfurt horizontal significantly differentiated patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis from controls, as did a 'V-shaped' palate, reduced palatal ridges, abnormality of the left ear surface and the shape of the left and right ears. Patients with affective psychosis had significantly lowered eye fissures compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS MPAs are not specific to schizophrenia, suggesting a common developmental pathway for non-affective and affective psychoses. The topographical distribution of MPAs in this study is suggestive of an insult occurring during organogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lloyd
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
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Robb L, Tarrant J, Groom J, Ibrahim M, Li R, Borobakas B, Wright MD. Molecular characterisation of mouse and human TSSC6: evidence that TSSC6 is a genuine member of the tetraspanin superfamily and is expressed specifically in haematopoietic organs. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1522:31-41. [PMID: 11718897 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous analyses of the murine and human TSSC6 (also known as Phemx) proteins were not carried out using the full length sequence. Using 5'-RACE and cDNA library screening, we identified an additional 5' sequence for both the murine Tssc6 cDNA and its human homologue TSSC6. This novel sequence encodes a 5' exon encoding an in frame, upstream start codon, an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain and a transmembrane domain. The deduced, and now full length, murine and human TSSC6 proteins contained four hydrophobic regions together with other features characteristic of the tetraspanin superfamily. Computational analyses of the full length sequences show that TSSC6 is a genuine, albeit relatively divergent member of this superfamily. Using RNA from a number of mouse tissues, we identified seven splice variants of Tssc6. Splice variants of the human gene were also detected. Tssc6 expression was detected early in embryogenesis in primitive blood cells and was confined to haematopoietic organs in the adult mouse. Tssc6 expression was detected in many haematopoietic cell lines and was highest in cell lines of the erythroid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Vic, Autralia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tarrant
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, USA
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Tarrant J. Aspects of palliative care: pain management and hydration. Aust Nurs J 2001; 8:suppl 1-3. [PMID: 11894483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Tarrant
- Western Hospital, Footscray and Brunswick Nursing Home, Victoria
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Some older patients are admitted directly to nursing homes without a comprehensive assessment. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a hospital assessment bed might provide better assessment, treatment and a more appropriate placement for selected older people. Setting a single bed in an elderly care unit of a district general hospital. SUBJECTS Older people who general practitioners thought needed nursing home care but whose social workers felt might benefit from inpatient assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Type of treatment needed (acute care, rehabilitation, palliation, long-term care) and placement (home, nursing home, residential home or hospital). RESULTS of 34 patients assessed, 22 (65%) needed further clinical assessment or care and 26 (75%) left hospital for places other than nursing homes. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient assessment is a successful way of assessing the needs of some older people who would otherwise have been admitted directly from their homes to nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Hutchinson
- Portsmouth Healthcare NHS Trust, Portsmouth and South East Hampshire Health Authority, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth P06 3LY, UK
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Moon G, Powell J, Robinson I, Tarrant J, Page J, Severs M. In search of a personal touch. Health Serv J 1990; 100:666-7. [PMID: 10104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
A retrospective study of 92 jaundiced patients undergoing ultrasound examination was undertaken to assess the clinical utility of this test. The patients were graded according to the likelihood of biliary obstruction. In those in whom biliary obstruction was proven to be present, the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect the obstruction was 91% and the test specificity was 100%. In patients who had undergone cholecystectomy no increase in the diameter of the common duct was observed. Liver function tests proved to be unreliable in discriminating between extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and other forms of jaundice. Ultrasound scanning is a useful screening test in the diagnosis of the jaundiced patient. However, follow-up is suggested for those with a negative result of this test but in whom biliary obstruction is suspected. An approach to the investigation of the jaundiced patient should include early ultrasound examination in those with possible biliary obstruction.
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Fortner CR, Tarrant J, Felton HF. Report on an ambulatory clinical pharmacy program and its cost effectiveness. Group Health J 1985; 6:3-6. [PMID: 10311383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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