1
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Batty P, Fong S, Franco M, Sihn CR, Swystun LL, Afzal S, Harpell LM, Hurlbut D, Pender A, Su C, Thomsen H, Wilson C, Youssar L, Winterborn A, Gil-Farina I, Lillicrap D. Vector integration and fate in the hemophilia dog liver multi-years following AAV-FVIII gene transfer. Blood 2024:blood.2023022589. [PMID: 38452208 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is a promising approach for the treatment of monogenic disorders. Long-term multi-year transgene expression has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain concerning the nature of AAV vector persistence and whether there is a potential for genotoxicity. Here, we describe the mechanisms of AAV vector persistence in the liver of a severe hemophilia A dog model (male = 4, hemizygous, and female = 4, homozygous), more than a decade after portal vein delivery. The predominant vector form was non-integrated episomal structures with levels correlating with long-term transgene expression. Random integration was seen in all samples (median frequency= 9.3e-4 sites/cell), with small numbers of non-random common integration sites associated with open chromatin. No full-length integrated vectors were found, supporting predominant episomal vector-mediated long-term transgene expression. Despite integration, this was not associated with oncogene upregulation or histopathological evidence of tumorigenesis. These findings support the long-term safety of this therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Franco
- ProtaGene US Inc, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Su
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, United States
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Strilchuk AW, Hur WS, Batty P, Sang Y, Abrahams SR, Yong ASM, Leung J, Silva LM, Schroeder JA, Nesbitt K, de Laat B, Moutsopoulos NM, Bugge TH, Shi Q, Cullis PR, Merricks EP, Wolberg AS, Flick MJ, Lillicrap D, Nichols TC, Kastrup CJ. Lipid nanoparticles and siRNA targeting plasminogen provide lasting inhibition of fibrinolysis in mouse and dog models of hemophilia A. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadh0027. [PMID: 38381848 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Antifibrinolytic drugs are used extensively for on-demand treatment of severe acute bleeding. Controlling fibrinolysis may also be an effective strategy to prevent or lessen chronic recurring bleeding in bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A (HA), but current antifibrinolytics have unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Here, we developed a long-lasting antifibrinolytic using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting plasminogen packaged in clinically used lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and tested it to determine whether reducing plasmin activity in animal models of HA could decrease bleeding frequency and severity. Treatment with the siRNA-carrying LNPs reduced circulating plasminogen and suppressed fibrinolysis in wild-type and HA mice and dogs. In HA mice, hemostatic efficacy depended on the injury model; plasminogen knockdown improved hemostasis after a saphenous vein injury but not tail vein transection injury, suggesting that saphenous vein injury is a murine bleeding model sensitive to the contribution of fibrinolysis. In dogs with HA, LNPs carrying siRNA targeting plasminogen were as effective at stabilizing clots as tranexamic acid, a clinical antifibrinolytic, and in a pilot study of two dogs with HA, the incidence of spontaneous or excess bleeding was reduced during 4 months of prolonged knockdown. Collectively, these data demonstrate that long-acting antifibrinolytic therapy can be achieved and that it provides hemostatic benefit in animal models of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Strilchuk
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Woosuk S Hur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sara R Abrahams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alyssa S M Yong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Lakmali M Silva
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kate Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht 6217 KM, Netherlands
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qizhen Shi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Merricks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Timothy C Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Nagasaka K, Davidson IF, Stocsits RR, Tang W, Wutz G, Batty P, Panarotto M, Litos G, Schleiffer A, Gerlich DW, Peters JM. Cohesin mediates DNA loop extrusion and sister chromatid cohesion by distinct mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3049-3063.e6. [PMID: 37591243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin connects CTCF-binding sites and other genomic loci in cis to form chromatin loops and replicated DNA molecules in trans to mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Whether cohesin uses distinct or related mechanisms to perform these functions is unknown. Here, we describe a cohesin hinge mutant that can extrude DNA into loops but is unable to mediate cohesion in human cells. Our results suggest that the latter defect arises during cohesion establishment. The observation that cohesin's cohesion and loop extrusion activities can be partially separated indicates that cohesin uses distinct mechanisms to perform these two functions. Unexpectedly, the same hinge mutant can also not be stopped by CTCF boundaries as well as wild-type cohesin. This suggests that cohesion establishment and cohesin's interaction with CTCF boundaries depend on related mechanisms and raises the possibility that both require transient hinge opening to entrap DNA inside the cohesin ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagasaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Iain F Davidson
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Roman R Stocsits
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Wen Tang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Gordana Wutz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Paul Batty
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Melanie Panarotto
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Gabriele Litos
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Daniel W Gerlich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Jan-Michael Peters
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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Batty P, Langer CCH, Takács Z, Tang W, Blaukopf C, Peters J, Gerlich DW. Cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion resolves sister chromatids in G2 phase. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113475. [PMID: 37357575 PMCID: PMC10425840 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information is stored in linear DNA molecules, which are highly folded inside cells. DNA replication along the folded template path yields two sister chromatids that initially occupy the same nuclear region in an intertwined arrangement. Dividing cells must disentangle and condense the sister chromatids into separate bodies such that a microtubule-based spindle can move them to opposite poles. While the spindle-mediated transport of sister chromatids has been studied in detail, the chromosome-intrinsic mechanics presegregating sister chromatids have remained elusive. Here, we show that human sister chromatids resolve extensively already during interphase, in a process dependent on the loop-extruding activity of cohesin, but not that of condensins. Increasing cohesin's looping capability increases sister DNA resolution in interphase nuclei to an extent normally seen only during mitosis, despite the presence of abundant arm cohesion. That cohesin can resolve sister chromatids so extensively in the absence of mitosis-specific activities indicates that DNA loop extrusion is a generic mechanism for segregating replicated genomes, shared across different Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes in all kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph CH Langer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Zsuzsanna Takács
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Wen Tang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Blaukopf
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Jan‐Michael Peters
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Daniel W Gerlich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
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5
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Liu S, Razon L, Ritchie O, Sihn CR, Handyside B, Berguig G, Woloszynek J, Zhang L, Batty P, Lillicrap D, Agrawal V, Cortesio C, Gebretsadik K, Akeefe H, Colosi P, Kim B, Bunting S, Fong S. Application of in- vitro-cultured primary hepatocytes to evaluate species translatability and AAV transduction mechanisms of action. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:61-71. [PMID: 35782594 PMCID: PMC9204658 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an effective platform for therapeutic gene transfer; however, tissue-tropism differences between species are a challenge for successful translation of preclinical results to humans. We evaluated the use of in vitro primary hepatocyte cultures to predict in vivo liver-directed AAV expression in different species. We assessed whether in vitro AAV transduction assays in cultured primary hepatocytes from mice, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans could model in vivo liver-directed AAV expression of valoctocogene roxaparvovec (AAV5-hFVIII-SQ), an experimental gene therapy for hemophilia A with a hepatocyte-selective promoter. Relative levels of DNA and RNA in hepatocytes grown in vitro correlated with in vivo liver transduction across species. Expression in NHP hepatocytes more closely reflected expression in human hepatocytes than in mouse hepatocytes. We used this hepatocyte culture model to assess transduction efficacy of a novel liver-directed AAV capsid across species and identified which of 3 different canine factor VIII vectors produced the most transgene expression. Results were confirmed in vivo. Further, we determined mechanisms mediating inhibition of AAV5-hFVIII-SQ expression by concomitant isotretinoin using primary human hepatocytes. These studies support using in vitro primary hepatocyte models to predict species translatability of liver-directed AAV gene therapy and improve mechanistic understanding of drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Lisa Razon
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Olivia Ritchie
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Choong-Ryoul Sihn
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Britta Handyside
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Geoffrey Berguig
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Jill Woloszynek
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Lening Zhang
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vishal Agrawal
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Christa Cortesio
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Kahsay Gebretsadik
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Hassibullah Akeefe
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Peter Colosi
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Benjamin Kim
- Clinical Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Stuart Bunting
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Sylvia Fong
- Biology Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
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6
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Ariëns RA, Hunt BJ, Agbani EO, Ahnström J, Ahrends R, Alikhan R, Assinger A, Bagoly Z, Balduini A, Barbon E, Barrett CD, Batty P, Carneiro JDA, Chan W, de Maat M, de Wit K, Denis C, Ellis MH, Eslick R, Fu H, Hayward CPM, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B, Klok F, Kumar R, Leiderman K, Litvinov RI, Mackman N, McQuilten Z, Neal MD, Parker WAE, Preston RJS, Rayes J, Rezaie AR, Roberts LN, Rocca B, Shapiro S, Siegal DM, Sousa LP, Suzuki‐Inoue K, Zafar T, Zhou J. Illustrated State-of-the-Art Capsules of the ISTH 2022 Congress. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12747. [PMID: 35814801 PMCID: PMC9257378 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ISTH London 2022 Congress is the first held (mostly) face-to-face again since the COVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise in 2020. For 2 years we met virtually, but this year's in-person format will allow the ever-so-important and quintessential creativity and networking to flow again. What a pleasure and joy to be able to see everyone! Importantly, all conference proceedings are also streamed (and available recorded) online for those unable to travel on this occasion. This ensures no one misses out. The 2022 scientific program highlights new developments in hemophilia and its treatment, acquired and other inherited bleeding disorders, thromboinflammation, platelets and coagulation, clot structure and composition, fibrinolysis, vascular biology, venous thromboembolism, women's health, arterial thrombosis, pediatrics, COVID-related thrombosis, vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis, and omics and diagnostics. These areas are elegantly reviewed in this Illustrated Review article. The Illustrated Review is a highlight of the ISTH Congress. The format lends itself very well to explaining the science, and the collection of beautiful graphical summaries of recent developments in the field are stunning and self-explanatory. This clever and effective way to communicate research is revolutionary and different from traditional formats. We hope you enjoy this article and will be inspired by its content to generate new research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ejaife O. Agbani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Robert Ahrends
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Raza Alikhan
- Haemostasis & ThrombosisUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | | | - Zsuzsa Bagoly
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and ELKH‐DE Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Research GroupUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | | | - Elena Barbon
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Christopher D. Barrett
- Division of Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA,Koch Institute, Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Division of Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Wee Shian Chan
- University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Moniek de Maat
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kerstin de Wit
- Queen’s University and McMaster UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | | | - Martin H. Ellis
- Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Renee Eslick
- Haematology DepartmentCanberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Frederikus A. Klok
- Department of Medicine – Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Riten Kumar
- Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Matthew D. Neal
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - William A. E. Parker
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Northern General HospitalUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Roger J. S. Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacy & Biomolecular SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin 2Ireland
| | | | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Lara N. Roberts
- King’s Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological MedicineKing’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of PharmacologyCatholic University School of MedicineRomeItaly
| | - Susan Shapiro
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK,Radcliffe Department of MedicineOxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Deborah M. Siegal
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Lirlândia P. Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Katsue Suzuki‐Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | - Tahira Zafar
- Frontier Medical CollegeAbbotabadPakistan,Hemophilia Treatment CenterRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
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Batty P, Lillicrap D. Gene therapy for hemophilia: Current status and laboratory consequences. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43 Suppl 1:117-123. [PMID: 34288447 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the cloning and characterization of the factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX genes in the mid-1980s, gene therapy has been perceived as having significant potential for the treatment of severe hemophilia. Now, some 35 years later, these proposals are close to being realized through the licensing of the first clinical gene therapy product. Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene therapy for hemophilia A and B has been extensively investigated in preclinical models over the past 20 years, and since 2011, there has been increasing evidence in early phase clinical trials that this therapeutic strategy can provide safe and effective rescue of the hemostatic phenotype in severe hemophilia. As the uptake of hemophilia gene therapy progresses, it is clear that many aspects of the gene therapy process require crucial laboratory support to ensure safe and effective outcomes from his new therapeutic paradigm. These laboratory contributions extend from evaluations of the gene therapy vehicle, assessments of the patient immune status for the vector, and ultimately the performance of assays to determine the hemostatic benefit of the gene therapy and potentially of its long-term safety on the host genome. As with many aspects of past hemophilia care, the safe and effective delivery of gene therapy will require an informed and coordinated contribution from laboratory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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8
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Batty P, Riddell A, Kitchen S, Sardo Infirri S, Walker I, Woods T, Jennings I, Hart DP. Factor VIII/IX inhibitor testing practices in the United Kingdom: Results of a UKHCDO and UKNEQAS national survey. Haemophilia 2021; 27:490-499. [PMID: 33650732 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibitor formation is the greatest challenge facing persons with haemophilia treated with factor concentrates. The gold standard testing methodologies are the Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (NBA) for FVIII and Bethesda assay (BA) for FIX inhibitors, which are affected by pre-analytical and inter-laboratory variability. AIMS To evaluate inhibitor testing methodology and assess correlation between self-reported and actual methodology. METHODS Methodology was evaluated using a survey distributed alongside a UK National External Quality Assessment Service Blood Coagulation external quality assurance (EQA) exercise for FVIII and FIX inhibitor testing. RESULTS Seventy four survey and EQA exercise responses were received (response rate 63.2%), with 50 paired survey/EQA results. 47.1% (33/70) reported using the NBA and 42.9% (30/70) the BA for FVIII inhibitor testing. Review of FVIII inhibitor assay methodology demonstrated discrepancy (self-reported to actual) in 64.3% (BA reporting) and 27.6% (NBA reporting). Pre-analytical heat treatment was used by 32.4%, most commonly 56°C for 30 minutes. Assay cut-offs of 0.1-1.0 BU/mL were reported. EQA samples (acquired FVIII and congenital FIX) demonstrated titres and coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.1 BU/mL (0.7-15.4 BU/mL; CV = 43%) and 18.0 BU/mL (0-117 BU/mL; CV = 33%), respectively. No significant assay or laboratory factors were found to explain this variance, which could have resulted in change in management for 6 patients (5 misclassified high-titre FVIII inhibitors and 1 false negative for a FIX inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity was seen at each stage of assay methodology. No assay-related factors were found to explain variation in inhibitor titres. Further standardization is required to improve inhibitor quantification to guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Anne Riddell
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Sofia Sardo Infirri
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | | | - Tim Woods
- UK NEQAS (Blood Coagulation), Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Daniel P Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cormier
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - Julie Tarrant
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Richardson Laboratory Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada
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10
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Batty P, Pasi KJ. Gene therapy trials for haemophilia: a step closer to a cure? Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1632704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - K John Pasi
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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11
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Batty P, Lillicrap D. Advances and challenges for hemophilia gene therapy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R95-R101. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hemophilia is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder, resulting from defects in the F8 (hemophilia A) or F9 (hemophilia B) genes. Persons with hemophilia have bleeding episodes into the soft tissues and joints, which are treated with self-infusion of factor VIII or IX concentrates. Hemophilia provides an attractive target for gene therapy studies, due to the monogenic nature of these disorders and easily measurable endpoints (factor levels and bleed rates). All successful, pre-clinical and clinical studies to date have utilized recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for factor VIII or IX hepatocyte transduction. Recent clinical data have presented normalization of factor levels in some patients with improvements in bleed rate and quality of life. The main toxicity seen within these studies has been early transient elevation in liver enzymes, with variable effect on transgene expression. Although long-term data are awaited, durable expression has been seen within the hemophilia dog model with no late-toxicity or oncogenesis. There are a number of phase III studies currently recruiting; however, there may be some limitations in translating these data to clinical practice, due to inclusion/exclusion criteria. AAV-based gene therapy is one of a number of novel approaches for treatment of hemophilia with other gene therapy (in vivo and ex vivo) and non-replacement therapies progressing through clinical trials. Availability of these high-cost novel therapeutics will require evolution of both clinical and financial healthcare services to allow equitable personalization of care for persons with hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Batty P, Gerlich DW. Mitotic Chromosome Mechanics: How Cells Segregate Their Genome. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:717-726. [PMID: 31230958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, replicated chromosomes segregate such that each daughter cell receives one copy of the genome. Faithful mechanical transport during mitosis requires that chromosomes undergo extensive structural changes as the cell cycle progresses, resulting in the formation of compact, cylindrical bodies. Such structural changes encompass a range of different activities, including longitudinal condensation of the chromosome axis, global chromatin compaction, resolution of sister chromatids, and individualisation of chromosomes into separate bodies. After mitosis, chromosomes undergo further reorganisation to rebuild interphase cell nuclei. Here we review the requirements for mitotic chromosomes to successfully transmit genetic information to daughter cells and the biophysical principles that underpin such requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel W Gerlich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Hardman C, Chen W, Luo J, Batty P, Chen YL, Nahler J, Wu Y, Pavord ID, Erpenbeck VJ, Sandham DA, Xue L, Ogg G. Fevipiprant, a selective prostaglandin D 2 receptor 2 antagonist, inhibits human group 2 innate lymphoid cell aggregation and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2329-2333. [PMID: 30825466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wentao Chen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Luo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Batty
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janina Nahler
- MRC Human Immunology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A Sandham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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14
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Batty P, Hart DP, Platton S. Optimization of pre-analytical heat treatment for inhibitor detection in haemophilia A. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:561-568. [PMID: 29777571 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factor VIII (FVIII) antibody formation is the greatest clinical and laboratory challenge within the haemophilia centre. The Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (NBA) is the gold standard for inhibitor quantification, but affected by pre-analytical variables including a patient's FVIII activity (FVIII:C). Pre-analytical heat treatment (PHT) provides a methodology for inhibitor testing when measurable FVIII:C is present. METHODS We evaluated the effect of different PHT conditions (time/temperature) on FVIII:C as well as on potency of inhibitory activity in samples containing FVIII:C (endogenous pooled plasma and exogenous recombinant FVIII (rFL-FVIII) concentrate) or FVIII inhibitor. RESULTS PHT of endogenous FVIII at 37°C, 47°C and 52°C resulted in declining measurable FVIII:C at 120 minutes (69%, 57% and 13% of the original FVIII:C, respectively). Incubation at 56°C resulted in FVIII:C ≤ 1IU/dL after 60 minutes for endogenous FVIII and 120 minutes for rFL-FVIII. Incubation at 58°C resulted in FVIII:C < 1IU/dL at 15-30 minutes for endogenous FVIII and at 30-60 minutes for rFL-FVIII. No difference was seen for inhibitor detection following PHT (56°C or 58°C) by NBA or anti-FVIII IgG ELISA. CONCLUSION PHT at 58°C for 30 minutes demonstrated consistent reduction in FVIII:C < 1IU/dL without appearing to affect inhibitor detection. Laboratory awareness of differences in thermostability of different sources of FVIII is important when choosing PHT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK.,The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts Health, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - D P Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK.,The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts Health, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Platton
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts Health, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Hinks TSC, Batty P, Klenerman P, Pavord ID, Xue L. Cytometric Gating Stringency Impacts Studies of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 57:745-747. [PMID: 29192833 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0201le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- 1 University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom and.,2 University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Batty
- 1 University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Ian D Pavord
- 1 University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom and
| | - Luzheng Xue
- 1 University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom and
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16
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Batty P, Moore G, Platton S, Maloney J, Palmer B, Bowles L, Pasi J, Rangarajan S, Hart D. Diagnostic accuracy study of a factor VIII ELISA for detection of factor VIII antibodies in congenital and acquired haemophilia A. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:804-11. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAntibody formation to factor VIII (FVIII) remains the greatest clinical and diagnostic challenge to the haemophilia-treating physician. Current guidance for testing for inhibitory FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) recommends the functional Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (NBA). A FVIII ELISA offers a complementary, immunological approach for FVIII antibody testing. It was the aim of this study to retrospectively evaluate the performance of a FVIII ELISA (index) for detection of FVIII antibodies, compared with the NBA (reference). All samples sent for routine FVIII antibody testing at two haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres, were tested in parallel using the NBA and a solid-phase, indirect FVIII ELISA kit (Immucor). A total of 497 samples from 239 patients (severe haemophilia A=140, non-severe haemophilia A=85, acquired haemophilia A=14) were available for analysis. Sixty-THree samples tested positive by the NBA (prevalence 12.7 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 9.9–15.9 %), with a median inhibitor titre of 1.2 BU/ml (range 0.7–978.0). The FVIII ELISA demonstrated a specificity of 94.0 % (95 %CI, 91.3–96.0), sensitivity of 77.8 % (95 %CI, 65.5–87.3), negative predictive value of 96.7 % (95 %CI, 94.5–98.2), positive predictive value 65.3 % (95 %CI, 53.5–76.0), negative likelihood ratio 0.2 (95 %CI, 0.1–0.4), positive likelihood ratio 13.0 (95 %CI, 8.7–19.3) and a diagnostic odds ratio of 54.9 (95 %CI, 27.0–112.0). Strong positive correlation (r=0.77, p< 0.001) was seen between the results of the NBA (log adjusted) and FVIII ELISA optical density. In conclusion, FVIII ELISA offers a simple, specific, surveillance method enabling batch testing of non-urgent samples for the presence of FVIII antibodies.
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17
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Batty P, Austin SK, Khair K, Millar CM, Palmer B, Rangarajan S, Stümpel JP, Thanigaikumar M, Yee TT, Hart DP. Treatment burden, haemostatic strategies and real world inhibitor screening practice in non-severe haemophilia A. Br J Haematol 2017; 176:796-804. [PMID: 28198996 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor formation in non-severe haemophilia A is a life-long risk and associated with morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data to understand real-world inhibitor screening practice. We evaluated the treatment burden, haemostatic strategies, F8 genotyping and inhibitor screening practices in non-severe haemophilia A in seven London haemophilia centres. In the 2-year study period, 44% (377/853) patients received at least one haemostatic treatment. Seventy-nine percent of those treated (296/377) received factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. F8 genotype was known in 88% (331/377) of individuals. Eighteen per cent (58/331) had 'high-risk' F8 genotypes. In patients with 'standard-risk' F8 genotypes treated on-demand with FVIII concentrate, 51·3% episodes (243/474) were screened within 1 year. However, poor screening compliance was observed after 'high-risk' treatment episodes. In patients with 'standard-risk' F8 genotypes, 12·3% (28/227) of treatment episodes were screened in the subsequent 6 weeks after surgery or a bleed requiring ≥5 exposure days. Similarly, in the context of 'high-risk' F8 genotypes after any FVIII exposure, only 13·6% (12/88) of episodes were screened within 6 weeks. Further study is required to assess optimal practice of inhibitor screening in non-severe haemophilia A to inform subsequent clinical decisions and provide more robust prevalence data to further understand the underlying immunological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, QMUL, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Steve K Austin
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, Haemophilia Centre, London, UK.,The Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate Khair
- Great Ormond Street Haemophilia Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ben Palmer
- The United Kingdom National Haemophilia Database, Manchester, UK
| | - Savita Rangarajan
- The Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jan-Phillip Stümpel
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, QMUL, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | - Thynn T Yee
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel P Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, QMUL, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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18
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Beckouët F, Srinivasan M, Roig MB, Chan KL, Scheinost JC, Batty P, Hu B, Petela N, Gligoris T, Smith AC, Strmecki L, Rowland BD, Nasmyth K. Releasing Activity Disengages Cohesin's Smc3/Scc1 Interface in a Process Blocked by Acetylation. Mol Cell 2016; 61:563-574. [PMID: 26895425 PMCID: PMC4769318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion conferred by entrapment of sister DNAs within a tripartite ring formed between cohesin's Scc1, Smc1, and Smc3 subunits is created during S and destroyed at anaphase through Scc1 cleavage by separase. Cohesin's association with chromosomes is controlled by opposing activities: loading by Scc2/4 complex and release by a separase-independent releasing activity as well as by cleavage. Coentrapment of sister DNAs at replication is accompanied by acetylation of Smc3 by Eco1, which blocks releasing activity and ensures that sisters remain connected. Because fusion of Smc3 to Scc1 prevents release and bypasses the requirement for Eco1, we suggested that release is mediated by disengagement of the Smc3/Scc1 interface. We show that mutations capable of bypassing Eco1 in Smc1, Smc3, Scc1, Wapl, Pds5, and Scc3 subunits reduce dissociation of N-terminal cleavage fragments of Scc1 (NScc1) from Smc3. This process involves interaction between Smc ATPase heads and is inhibited by Smc3 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Beckouët
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UMR 5099 University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CNRS, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Maurici Brunet Roig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kok-Lung Chan
- Genome Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Johanna C Scheinost
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Paul Batty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Naomi Petela
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas Gligoris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alexandra C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lana Strmecki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Benjamin D Rowland
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Nasmyth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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19
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Batty P, Hart DP. Computational prediction of phenotype in haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2015; 21:659-61. [PMID: 25952765 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - D P Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
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20
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Batty P, Honke A, Bowles L, Hart DP, Pasi KJ, Uprichard J, Austin SK. Ongoing risk of thrombosis with factor XI concentrate: 5 years experience in two centres. Haemophilia 2015; 21:490-5. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Batty
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; QMUL; London UK
| | - A. Honke
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; QMUL; London UK
| | - L. Bowles
- The Royal London Hospital; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - D. P. Hart
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; QMUL; London UK
| | - K. J. Pasi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; QMUL; London UK
| | - J. Uprichard
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - S. K. Austin
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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21
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Batty P, Palmer B, Chalmers E, Hay CRM, Liesner R, Rangarajan S, Talks K, Williams M, Collins P, Hart DP. A national survey of immunosuppression strategies for acquired haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e73-6. [PMID: 25422109 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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22
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Khair K, Batty P, Riat R, Bowles L, Burgess C, Chen YH, Hart D, Platton S, Pasi J, Liesner R. Wilate use in 47 children with von Willebrand disease: the North London paediatric haemophilia network experience. Haemophilia 2014; 21:e44-50. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Khair
- Haemophilia Centre; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - P. Batty
- The Royal London Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; London UK
| | - R. Riat
- Haemophilia Centre; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - L. Bowles
- St Bartholome w's Hospital; Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; London UK
| | - C. Burgess
- Haemophilia Centre; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Y. -H. Chen
- The Royal London Haemophilia Centre London; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; QMUL; London UK
| | - D. Hart
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Haematology; The Royal London Hospital; London UK
| | - S. Platton
- The Royal London Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; London UK
| | - J. Pasi
- Barts and The London; Centre for Haematology ICMS; The Royal London Haemophilia Centre London; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; QMUL; London UK
| | - R. Liesner
- Haemophilia Centre; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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23
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Batty P, Chen YH, Bowles L, Hart DP, Platton S, Pasi KJ. Safety and efficacy of a von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate (Wilate®): a single centre experience. Haemophilia 2014; 20:846-53. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
| | - Y. -H. Chen
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
| | - L. Bowles
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
| | - D. P. Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
| | - S. Platton
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
| | - K. J. Pasi
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; The Royal London Hospital; Whitechapel London E1 1BB UK
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24
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Batty P, Platton S, Bowles L, Pasi KJ, Hart DP. Pre-analytical heat treatment and a FVIII ELISA improve Factor VIII antibody detection in acquired haemophilia A. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:953-6. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batty
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; QMUL; London UK
| | - Sean Platton
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - Louise Bowles
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - K. John Pasi
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; QMUL; London UK
| | - Daniel P. Hart
- The Royal London Hospital Haemophilia Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust; London UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; QMUL; London UK
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Else M, Marín-Niebla A, de la Cruz F, Batty P, Ríos E, Dearden CE, Catovsky D, Matutes E. Rituximab, used alone or in combination, is superior to other treatment modalities in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:322-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Else
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
| | - Ana Marín-Niebla
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
- Hospital Virgen del Rocío; Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Paul Batty
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
| | | | - Claire E. Dearden
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
| | - Daniel Catovsky
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
| | - Estella Matutes
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute of Cancer Research; Sutton UK
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26
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Batty P, Platton S, Hart D, Pasi J. An unusual cause of bleeding in an elderly patientAn unusual cause of bleeding in an elderly patient. Clin Med (Lond) 2012; 12:397-8. [DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.12-4-397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Homeida S, Ebdon C, Batty P, Jackson B, Kolade S, Bateman C, Peng YY, Stasi R. New thrombopoietin receptor agonists for platelet disorders. Drugs Today (Barc) 2012; 48:293-301. [PMID: 22536571 DOI: 10.1358/dot.2012.48.4.1740505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since thrombopoietin (TPO) was cloned in 1994, TPO receptor (TPO-R) agonists have been developed which have shown significant clinical activity in various conditions characterized by thrombocytopenia. First-generation TPO-R agonists were recombinant forms of human TPO. The clinical development of these molecules was discontinued after one of them, pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor, was associated with the development of neutralizing autoantibodies cross-reacting with endogenous TPO. Second-generation TPO-R agonists are now available, which present no sequence homology to endogenous TPO. Two of these new agents, romiplostim and eltrombopag, have been granted marketing authorization for use in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia unresponsive to conventional treatments. Clinical trials with TPO-R agonists are also ongoing in other thrombocytopenias, such as hepatitis C virus-related thrombocytopenia and the myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Homeida
- Department of Haematology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
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