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Meer E, Tse C, Del Rosario R, Karlin J. A case of eyelid neuroma with recurrent ptosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 32:101916. [PMID: 37654425 PMCID: PMC10466909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report a rare case of eyelid neuroma, discovered nine years after external levator advancement, presenting with recalcitrant ocular foreign body sensation and pain, persistent corneal epithelial defect, followed by corneal scarring, and ptosis. Observations An 85-year-old man with a history of multiple skin cancers presented with left ptosis, epiphora and recalcitrant eye pain. Nine years prior to presentation, he underwent excision of melanoma in situ of the left forehead, followed by simultaneous forehead reconstruction and left external ptosis repair. At presentation, he had left ptosis and left superior corneal scarring. Eversion of the eyelid demonstrated the presence of a nodule at the superior border of the tarsus. The patient underwent simultaneous excisional biopsy of the lesion and posterior ptosis repair by Müller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR). He experienced postoperative resolution of pain, ptosis and epiphora. Histopathologic examination demonstrated the presence of a foreign body granuloma alongside a neuroma. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of thorough eyelid exam in individuals with ocular surface disease. We review herein the pathophysiology and histopathology of eyelid neuroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Meer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Tse
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Justin Karlin
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Karlin J, Gai L, LaPierre N, Danesh K, Farajzadeh J, Palileo B, Taraszka K, Zheng J, Wang W, Eskin E, Rootman D. Ensemble neural network model for detecting thyroid eye disease using external photographs. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1722-1729. [PMID: 36126104 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an artificial intelligence platform that detects thyroid eye disease (TED). DESIGN Development of a deep learning model. METHODS 1944 photographs from a clinical database were used to train a deep learning model. 344 additional images ('test set') were used to calculate performance metrics. Receiver operating characteristic, precision-recall curves and heatmaps were generated. From the test set, 50 images were randomly selected ('survey set') and used to compare model performance with ophthalmologist performance. 222 images obtained from a separate clinical database were used to assess model recall and to quantitate model performance with respect to disease stage and grade. RESULTS The model achieved test set accuracy of 89.2%, specificity 86.9%, recall 93.4%, precision 79.7% and an F1 score of 86.0%. Heatmaps demonstrated that the model identified pixels corresponding to clinical features of TED. On the survey set, the ensemble model achieved accuracy, specificity, recall, precision and F1 score of 86%, 84%, 89%, 77% and 82%, respectively. 27 ophthalmologists achieved mean performance of 75%, 82%, 63%, 72% and 66%, respectively. On the second test set, the model achieved recall of 91.9%, with higher recall for moderate to severe (98.2%, n=55) and active disease (98.3%, n=60), as compared with mild (86.8%, n=68) or stable disease (85.7%, n=63). CONCLUSIONS The deep learning classifier is a novel approach to identify TED and is a first step in the development of tools to improve diagnostic accuracy and lower barriers to specialist evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Karlin
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Gai
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nathan LaPierre
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kayla Danesh
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Farajzadeh
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bea Palileo
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kodi Taraszka
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Rootman
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Karlin J, Farajzadeh J, Azhdam A, Hirji S, Baugh S, Esfandiari M, Goldberg R, Rootman D. Analysis of eyelid and eyebrow metrics in Iranian American adults. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fields E, Kaplan B, Karlin J, Myers J, Mukhopadhyay N, Grossman S, Matin K. Overcoming the Barriers to the Use of Short Course Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Phase 1 Study of Short Course Radiation Therapy Concurrent with 5-Fluorouracil. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Karlin J, Thompson E, Newman S. Visual System Manifestations of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Skull Base Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Karlin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | | | - Steven Newman
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Abstract
A 69-year-old man, previously treated with pyridostigmine for myasthenia gravis (manifesting as ptosis and diplopia) was evaluated for several concomitant bilateral anterior orbital masses. Imaging revealed 3 discrete, solid masses within and around the orbits. An incisional biopsy demonstrated atypical lymphocytes positive for CD20 and Cyclin-D1, consistent with mantle cell lymphoma. The patient received induction chemotherapy with a rituximab-based regimen. He experienced resolution of his diplopia and ptosis after one cycle of chemotherapy and achieved complete remission of the orbital masses and myasthenia symptoms after 6 cycles. Myasthenia gravis is most commonly associated with thymoma, but may also be observed with other malignancies. Recognition that orbital lymphoma may coexist with myasthenia gravis will help in expediting the diagnosis of future cases and in guiding treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Karlin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Travis Peck
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Karyn Prenshaw
- b Department of Pathology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Craig A Portell
- c Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Maria Kirzhner
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
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II J, Karlin J, Newman S. Allergic Fungal Sinusitis-Masquerade Syndrome and Delay in Diagnosis. Skull Base Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose II
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Justin Karlin
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Steve Newman
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Karlin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Ryan Gentzler
- b Department of Hematology and Oncology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Jeffrey Golen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
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Rootman DB, Karlin J, Moore G, Goldberg R. The role of tissue resection length in the determination of post-operative eyelid position for Muller's muscle-conjunctival resection surgery. Orbit 2015; 34:92-98. [PMID: 25804327 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2014.999096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between pre-operative marginal reflex distance (MRD), tissue resection length, phenylephrine response, and change in MRD with surgery for a cohort of individuals undergoing Muller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) surgery. METHODS All cases of MMCR surgery performed over a 13-year period at a single institution were screened for entry. Individuals with adequate photographic documentation and follow up were included. Patients with previous or concurrent upper eyelid, orbital or eyebrow disease of surgery were excluded. Marginal reflex distance (MRD) was calculated based on photographs utilizing public domain software. Data was plotted for inspection and appropriate statistical tests were performed. RESULTS During the study period 198 eyes fit criteria for analysis. A loose association between tissue resection length and change in MRD with surgery was found (r = 0.176, p < 0.05); this relationship was not significant in ANOVA analysis (p = 0.367). There was a strong association between MRD change with surgery and pre-operative MRD (r = 0.498, p < 0.01). Approximately 28% of the sample responded to 2.5% phenylephrine drop instillation with a greater than 2 mm increase in MRD. The response to phenylephrine was strongly associated with pre-operative MRD (r = -0.441, p < 0.01). A regression on change in MRD with surgery with tissue resection, phenylephrine response >2 mm and pre-operative MRD as variables revealed a model with pre-operative MRD as the only significant predictor (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Tissue resection length and phenylephrine response play small roles relative to pre-operative MRD in the determination of change in MRD with MMCR surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan B Rootman
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California , USA and
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Karlin J, Fischhaber PL. Rad51 ATP binding but not hydrolysis is required to recruit Rad10 in synthesis-dependent strand annealing sites in S. cerevisiae. Adv Biol Chem 2013; 3:295-303. [PMID: 25346869 PMCID: PMC4205939 DOI: 10.4236/abc.2013.33033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several modes of eukaryotic of DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) depend on synapsis of complementary DNA. The Rad51 ATPase, the S. cerevisiae homolog of E. coli RecA, plays a key role in this process by catalyzing homology searching and strand exchange between an invading DNA strand and a repair template (e.g. sister chromatid or homologous chromosome). Synthesis dependent strand annealing (SDSA), a mode of DSBR, requires Rad51. Another repair enzyme, the Rad1-Rad10 endonuclease, acts in the final stages of SDSA, hydrolyzing 3' overhanging single-stranded DNA. Here we show in vivo by fluorescence microscopy that the ATP binding function of yeast Rad51 is required to recruit Rad10 SDSA sites indicating that Rad51 pre-synaptic filament formation must occur prior to the recruitment of Rad1-Rad10. Our data also show that Rad51 ATPase activity, an important step in Rad51 filament disassembly, is not absolutely required in order to recruit Rad1-Rad10 to DSB sites.
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Todor D, Horn J, Karlin J, Hagan M. WE-A-BRB-07: Critical Analysis of Strength-Based Medical Event Definition in Prostate Seed Brachytherapy Based on a Comparative Retrospective Pre- and Post-Implant Analysis. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Urdaneta A, Karlin J, Anscher M, Moghanaki D. Current Practice Trends for Managing Post-Prostatectomy Biochemical Relapse with Salvage Radiotherapy: Results of a World-Wide Survey. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shimada K, Crother TR, Karlin J, Chen S, Chiba N, Ramanujan VK, Vergnes L, Ojcius DM, Arditi M. Caspase-1 dependent IL-1β secretion is critical for host defense in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21477. [PMID: 21731762 PMCID: PMC3121765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) is an important human pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia and is associated with various chronic inflammatory disorders. Caspase-1 is a key component of the ‘inflammasome’, and is required to cleave pro-IL-1β to bioactive IL-1β. Here we demonstrate for the first time a critical requirement for IL-1β in response to CP infection. Caspase-1−/− mice exhibit delayed cytokine production, defective clearance of pulmonary bacteria and higher mortality in response to CP infection. Alveolar macrophages harbored increased bacterial numbers due to reduced iNOS levels in Caspase-1−/− mice. Pharmacological blockade of the IL-1 receptor in CP infected wild-type mice phenocopies Caspase-1-deficient mice, and administration of recombinant IL-1β rescues CP infected Caspase-1−/− mice from mortality, indicating that IL-1β secretion is crucial for host immune defense against CP lung infection. In vitro investigation reveals that CP-induced IL-1β secretion by macrophages requires TLR2/MyD88 and NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling. Entry into the cell by CP and new protein synthesis by CP are required for inflammasome activation. Neither ROS nor cathepsin was required for CP infection induced inflammasome activation. Interestingly, Caspase-1 activation during CP infection occurs with mitochondrial dysfunction indicating a possible mechanism involving the mitochondria for CP-induced inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shimada
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Karlin
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chen
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Norika Chiba
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - V. Krishnan Ramanujan
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Health Sciences Research Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Crother TR, Schröder NWJ, Karlin J, Chen S, Shimada K, Slepenkin A, Alsabeh R, Peterson E, Arditi M. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection induced allergic airway sensitization is controlled by regulatory T-cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20784. [PMID: 21695198 PMCID: PMC3112152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) is associated with induction and exacerbation of asthma. CP infection can induce allergic airway sensitization in mice in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Allergen exposure 5 days after a low dose (mild-moderate), but not a high dose (severe) CP infection induces antigen sensitization in mice. Innate immune signals play a critical role in controlling CP infection induced allergic airway sensitization, however these mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Wild-type, TLR2-/-, and TLR4-/- mice were infected intranasally (i.n.) with a low dose of CP, followed by i.n. exposure to human serum albumin (HSA) and challenged with HSA 2 weeks later. Airway inflammation, immunoglobulins, eosinophils, and goblet cells were measured. Low dose CP infection induced allergic sensitization in TLR2-/- mice, but not in TLR4-/- mice, due to differential Treg responses in these genotypes. TLR2-/- mice had reduced numbers of Tregs in the lung during CP infection while TLR4-/- mice had increased numbers. High dose CP infection resulted in an increase in Tregs and pDCs in lungs, which prevented antigen sensitization in WT mice. Depletion of Tregs or pDCs resulted in allergic airway sensitization. We conclude that Tregs and pDCs are critical determinants regulating CP infection-induced allergic sensitization. Furthermore, TLR2 and TLR4 signaling during CP infection may play a regulatory role through the modulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Crother
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas W. J. Schröder
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Karlin
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chen
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anatoly Slepenkin
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Randa Alsabeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ellena Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moghanaki D, Koontz B, Karlin J, Mukhopadhyay N, Yan B, Hagan M, Anscher M. Improved Biochemical Complete Response (BCR) and Biochemical Relapse-free Survival (RFS) with Whole Pelvis (WPRT) vs. Prostate Bed (PBRT) Radiotherapy in Patients Undergoing Salvage Treatment following Prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mitra P, Randolph D, Parker M, DeGroot P, Mukhopadhyay N, Karlin J, Heffernan J, Anscher M, Chung T, Weiss E. Radiographic Toxicity Associated with Thoracic Stereotactic Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hao LS, Zhang XL, An JY, Yao DM, Karlin J, Fang SM, Jiang HQ, Bai WY, Chen S. Adenoviral transduction of PTEN induces apoptosis of cultured hepatic stellate cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122:2907-2911. [PMID: 20092800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-sen Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Hao LS, Zhang XL, An JY, Karlin J, Tian XP, Dun ZN, Xie SR, Chen S. PTEN expression is down-regulated in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by biliary stenosis. APMIS 2009; 117:681-91. [PMID: 19703128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gene phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) codes for a tumor-suppressor phospholipid phosphatase. Deletion, mutation or abnormal expression of PTEN is commonly found in many kinds of malignant tumors. At the time of this study, though, the role of PTEN expression in the pathology of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the dynamic expression of PTEN in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis, with special emphasis on the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vivo. The rat model of hepatic fibrosis used in this study employed common bile duct ligation. At four time points, the expression of PTEN in hepatic tissues and activated HSC in rat liver tissues was measured by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Further, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), an activated HSC marker in rat liver tissues, was detected by immunohistochemical staining. This study showed that aggravation of hepatic fibrosis led to gradually decreasing expression of PTEN in the hepatic tissues. Further, as hepatic fibrosis worsens, PTEN-expressing activated HSC accounts for an increasingly smaller percentage of all activated HSC. In contrast, the percentage of alpha-SMA-expressing HSC cells increases significantly. In conclusion, expression of PTEN mRNA and protein is down-regulated in fibrogenic rat liver tissue, and its expression in HSC in vivo also decreases with progression of fibrosis. Thus, these results show that the dynamic expression of PTEN in hepatic tissues negatively correlates with activation and proliferation of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sen Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Moore DM, Karlin J, González-Barrera S, Mardiros A, Lisby M, Doughty A, Gilley J, Rothstein R, Friedberg EC, Fischhaber PL. Rad10 exhibits lesion-dependent genetic requirements for recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:6429-38. [PMID: 19729509 PMCID: PMC2770674 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Rad1–Rad10 protein complex participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and homologous recombination (HR). During HR, the Rad1–Rad10 endonuclease cleaves 3′ branches of DNA and aberrant 3′ DNA ends that are refractory to other 3′ processing enzymes. Here we show that yeast strains expressing fluorescently labeled Rad10 protein (Rad10-YFP) form foci in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by a site-specific restriction enzyme, I-SceI or by ionizing radiation (IR). Additionally, for endonuclease-induced DSBs, Rad10-YFP localization to DSB sites depends on both RAD51 and RAD52, but not MRE11 while IR-induced breaks do not require RAD51. Finally, Rad10-YFP colocalizes with Rad51-CFP and with Rad52-CFP at DSB sites, indicating a temporal overlap of Rad52, Rad51 and Rad10 functions at DSBs. These observations are consistent with a putative role of Rad10 protein in excising overhanging DNA ends after homology searching and refine the potential role(s) of the Rad1–Rad10 complex in DSB repair in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destaye M Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA
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Fless GM, Juhn D, Karlin J, Rubenstein A, Scanu AM. Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Arteriosclerosis 1984; 4:154-64. [PMID: 6422917 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.4.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two male rhesus monkeys underwent cyclical feeding of a hypercholesterolemic diet (2% cholesterol, 25% coconut oil) and a low-fat Purina monkey chow diet. During the latter diet, high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited two components with peak densities of d = 1.081 g/ml and 1.109 g/ml named HDLL and HDLH, respectively. During the initial hypercholesterolemic stage, except for apo A-II which remained unchanged, there was a transient rise in HDL (mainly HDLL) as well as in HDL cholesterol and apo A-I, all reaching maximal values after about 2 weeks from the onset of the diet. The two HDL species changed neither in size nor density as compared to their baseline counterparts, but had a comparatively higher content in cholesteryl ester and lesser amounts of triglycerides and phospholipids as compared to the normocholesterolemic animal. With the development of overt hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol levels above 400 mg/dl), both HDL particles increased in density due to the loss of surface components (phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol) and core triglycerides with only minor changes in protein and cholesteryl ester contents. At this stage, the same two animals exhibited significant changes in the size and buoyant density of LDL. When returned to a normal Purina chow diet, the animals' serum cholesterol levels declined rapidly to normal levels; normalization of the HDL distribution also occurred but at a comparatively later time (26 weeks). Our studies indicate that the two HDL subsets characteristic of the normocholesterolemic rhesus monkey undergo significant changes in buoyant density as a function of the stage of hypercholesterolemia and that changes in concentration and size mainly affect the HDLL subspecies. At levels of plasma cholesterol below 400 mg/dl, this cholesterol increment is reflected by a significant increase in the number of the HDL subspecies without the overt participation of the low density lipoprotein classes characteristic of the advanced hyperlipidemic stage. Since we previously reported that greatly increased levels of cholesteryl esters enriched low density lipoproteins, beta-VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) and pre-beta-VLDL during overt diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, it is apparent that cholesterol is distributed differently among lipoprotein particles containing either apo A-I, apo B, or apo E depending on its concentration in plasma.
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Boccio JR, DeValentine S, Karlin J, Scurran B, Silvani S. Hypercoagulopathy secondary to nephrotic syndrome. A podiatric case report. J Am Podiatry Assoc 1983; 73:409-12. [PMID: 6619492 DOI: 10.7547/87507315-73-8-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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