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Moss B, Behn N, Northcott S, Monnelly K, Marshall J, Simpson A, Thomas S, McVicker S, Goldsmith K, Flood C, Hilari K. "Loneliness can also kill:" a qualitative exploration of outcomes and experiences of the SUPERB peer-befriending scheme for people with aphasia and their significant others. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5015-5024. [PMID: 34086521 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1922519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with aphasia post-stroke are at risk for depression and social isolation. Peer-befriending from someone with similar experiences may promote wellbeing and provide support. This paper explored the views of people with aphasia and their significant others about peer-befriending. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a qualitative study within a feasibility trial (SUPERB) on peer-befriending for people with post-stroke aphasia and low levels of distress. Of the 28 participants randomised to the intervention, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 purposively selected people with aphasia (at both 4- and 10-months post-randomisation) and five of their significant others (at 4-months). Interviews were analysed using Framework Analysis. RESULTS Participants and their significant others were positive about peer-befriending and identified factors which influenced their experience: the befrienders' personal experience of stroke and aphasia, their character traits and the resulting rapport these created, the conversation topics they discussed and settings they met in, and the logistics of befriending, including planning visits and negotiating their end. Interviewees also made evaluative comments about the befriending scheme. CONCLUSION Peer-befriending was an acceptable intervention. Benefits for emotional wellbeing and companionship were reported. The shared experience in the befriending relationship was highly valued.Implications for RehabilitationThe lived experience of stroke and aphasia of befrienders was highly valued by people with aphasia receiving peer-befriending.Training, regular supervision, and support for befrienders with practicalities such as organising visits ensured the befriending scheme was perceived as straightforward and acceptable by befriendees.Those receiving peer-befriending would recommend it to others; they found it beneficial, especially in terms of emotional wellbeing and companionship.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Moss
- City, University of London, London, UK
| | - N Behn
- City, University of London, London, UK
| | - S Northcott
- City, University of London, London, UK.,University of East Anglia, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - S Thomas
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - C Flood
- London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - K Hilari
- City, University of London, London, UK
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Northcott S, Behn N, Monnelly K, Moss B, Marshall J, Thomas S, Simpson A, McVicker S, Flood C, Goldsmith K, Hilari K. "For them and for me": a qualitative exploration of peer befrienders' experiences supporting people with aphasia in the SUPERB feasibility trial. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5025-5037. [PMID: 34027757 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1922520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peer-befriending, where support is offered by someone with shared lived experience, is an intervention that may facilitate successful adjustment in people experiencing post-stroke aphasia. This paper explores the experiences of the peer-befrienders. MATERIALS AND METHODS People with aphasia were recruited as peer-befrienders within the SUPERB trial investigating befriending for people with post-stroke aphasia. The intervention comprised six visits over three months. Peer-befrienders were matched with at least one befriendee and received training and ongoing supervision. They were invited to participate in in-depth interviews which were analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS All 10 befrienders participated in interviews, reporting on 19 matches. Seven main themes emerged: content of the sessions; befriender-befriendee relationship; negotiating the visits; handling boundaries and endings; positive impact of the befriending for befrienders and befriendees; and beliefs about the nature and value of peer support. While befrienders described challenges, such as negotiating journeys and witnessing distress, the role was perceived as a "secure challenge" due to the support and training received. CONCLUSIONS Befrienders perceived the role as enjoyable and rewarding, and felt they were making a positive difference. They were unanimous in believing that people with aphasia can offer unique and valuable support to others with aphasia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02947776, registered 28th October 2016.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with lived experience of stroke and aphasia were able to offer emotional and social peer support to others with aphasia within the SUPERB trial.Although there were challenges, peer befrienders perceived the role as rewarding and satisfying.Peer befrienders valued the training and ongoing supervision and support they received to deliver the intervention.It is recommended that rehabilitation professionals considering offering peer-befriending schemes provide training and ongoing supervision to support peer-befrienders fulfil their role, as well as practical support with, e.g., arranging visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Northcott
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - N Behn
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - K Monnelly
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - B Moss
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - J Marshall
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - S Thomas
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Simpson
- Health Service and Population Research and Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S McVicker
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Flood
- Department of Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - K Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Hilari
- Centre for Language and Communication Science Research, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
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Metrebian N, Carr E, Goldsmith K, Weaver T, Pilling S, Shearer J, Woolston-Thomas K, Tas B, Cooper C, Getty CA, van der Waal R, Kelleher M, Finch E, Bijral P, Taylor D, Scott J, Strang J. Mobile telephone delivered contingency management for encouraging adherence to supervised methadone consumption: feasibility study for an RCT of clinical and cost-effectiveness (TIES). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33407950 PMCID: PMC7789356 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription methadone or buprenorphine enables people with opioid use disorder to stop heroin use safely while avoiding withdrawal. To ensure methadone is taken as prescribed and to prevent diversion onto the illicit market, people starting methadone take their daily dose under a pharmacist's supervision. Many patients miss their daily methadone dose risking withdrawal, craving for heroin and overdose due to loss of heroin tolerance. Contingency management (CM) can improve medication adherence, but remote delivery using technology may be resource-light and cost-effective. We developed an innovative way to deliver CM by mobile telephone. Software monitors patients' attendance and supervised methadone consumption through an internet self-login at the pharmacy and sends reinforcing text messages to patients' mobile telephones. A linked system sends medication adherence reports to prescribers and provides early warning alerts of missed doses. A pre-paid debit card system provides financial incentives. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial design was used to test the feasibility of conducting a future trial of mobile telephone CM to encourage adherence to supervised methadone in community pharmacies. Each cluster (drug service/3 allied pharmacies) was randomly allocated to provide patient's presenting for a new episode of opiate agonist treatment (OAT) with either (a) mobile telephone text message CM, (b) mobile telephone text message reminders, or (c) no text messages. We assessed acceptability of the interventions, recruitment, and follow-up procedures. RESULTS Four drug clinics were approached and three recruited. Thirty-three pharmacists were approached and 9 recruited. Over 3 months, 173 individuals were screened and 10 enrolled. Few patients presented for OAT and high numbers were excluded due to receiving buprenorphine or not attending participating pharmacies. There was 96% consistency in recording medication adherence by self-login vs. pharmacy records. In focus groups, CM participants were positive about using self-login, the text messages, and debit card. Prescribers found weekly reporting, time saving, and allowed closer monitoring of patients. Pharmacists reported that the tablet device was easy to host. CONCLUSION Mobile telephone CM worked well, but a planned future trial will use modified eligibility criteria (existing OAT patients who regularly miss their methadone/buprenorphine doses) and increase the number of participating pharmacies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is retrospectively registered, ISRCTN 58958179 .
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Affiliation(s)
- N Metrebian
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
| | - E Carr
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - K Goldsmith
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - T Weaver
- Department of Mental Health, Social Work and Integrative Medicine, School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - S Pilling
- Research Department of Clinical Health and Educational Psychology, University College London, London, WC1 7HB, UK
| | - J Shearer
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - K Woolston-Thomas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - B Tas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - C Cooper
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - C A Getty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - R van der Waal
- Central Acute and Addictions Directorate, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8RS, UK
| | - M Kelleher
- Central Acute and Addictions Directorate, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8RS, UK
| | - E Finch
- Central Acute and Addictions Directorate, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8RS, UK
| | - P Bijral
- Change, Grow, Live Charity, Management Offices, M4 1NA, Manchester, UK
| | - D Taylor
- Central Acute and Addictions Directorate, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8RS, UK
| | - J Scott
- University of Bath, BAA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - J Strang
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AB, UK.,Central Acute and Addictions Directorate, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8RS, UK
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Savoie J, Root K, Goldsmith K, Villers J. C-08The Bilingual Effect on Naming Performance in French-speaking Canadians. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Marwood L, Taylor R, Goldsmith K, Romeo R, Holland R, Pickles A, Hutchinson J, Dietch D, Cipriani A, Nair R, Attenburrow MJ, Young AH, Geddes J, McAllister-Williams RH, Cleare AJ. Study protocol for a randomised pragmatic trial comparing the clinical and cost effectiveness of lithium and quetiapine augmentation in treatment resistant depression (the LQD study). BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:231. [PMID: 28651526 PMCID: PMC5485607 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30-50% of patients with major depressive disorder can be classed as treatment resistant, widely defined as a failure to respond to two or more adequate trials of antidepressants in the current episode. Treatment resistant depression is associated with a poorer prognosis and higher mortality rates. One treatment option is to augment an existing antidepressant with a second agent. Lithium and the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine are two such add-on therapies and are currently recommended as first line options for treatment resistant depression. However, whilst neither treatment has been established as superior to the other in short-term studies, they have yet to be compared head-to-head in longer term studies, or with a superiority design in this patient group. METHODS The Lithium versus Quetiapine in Depression (LQD) study is a parallel group, multi-centre, pragmatic, open-label, patient randomised clinical trial designed to address this gap in knowledge. The study will compare the clinical and cost effectiveness of the decision to prescribe lithium or quetiapine add-on therapy to antidepressant medication for patients with treatment resistant depression. Patients will be randomised 1:1 and followed up over 12 months, with the hypothesis being that quetiapine will be superior to lithium. The primary outcomes will be: (1) time to all-cause treatment discontinuation over one year, and (2) self-rated depression symptoms rated weekly for one year via the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Other outcomes will include between group differences in response and remission rates, quality of life, social functioning, cost-effectiveness and the frequency of serious adverse events and side effects. DISCUSSION The trial aims to help shape the treatment pathway for patients with treatment resistant depression, by determining whether the decision to prescribe quetiapine is superior to lithium. Strengths of the study include its pragmatic superiority design, broad inclusion criteria (external validity) and longer follow up than previous studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN16387615 , registered 28 February 2016. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03004521 , registered 17 November 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Marwood
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R. Taylor
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K. Goldsmith
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cBiostatistics & Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R. Romeo
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cHealth Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R. Holland
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cBiostatistics & Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A. Pickles
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cBiostatistics & Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - J. Hutchinson
- grid.451089.1Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,0000 0001 0462 7212grid.1006.7Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - A. Cipriani
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 0573 576Xgrid.451190.8Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Nair
- grid.439606.eTees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK
| | - M.-J. Attenburrow
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 0573 576Xgrid.451190.8Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - A. H. Young
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. Geddes
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 0573 576Xgrid.451190.8Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R. H. McAllister-Williams
- grid.451089.1Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,0000 0001 0462 7212grid.1006.7Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. J. Cleare
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cCentre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,0000 0000 9439 0839grid.37640.36South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Goldsmith K, Balabanski A, Giarola B, Buxton D, Castle S, McBride K, Brady S, Burrow J, Thrift AG, Koblar S, Brown A, Kleinig T. RACP TRAINEE AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD OF ADULT MEDICINE. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.1_13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Goldsmith
- University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - A Balabanski
- University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - B Giarola
- Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - D Buxton
- Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - S Castle
- Wardliparingga, SA Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - K McBride
- Wardliparingga, SA Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - S Brady
- Alice Springs Hospital; Alice Springs; Northern Territory Australia
| | - J Burrow
- Royal Darwin Hospital; Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - AG Thrift
- Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S Koblar
- University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - A Brown
- Wardliparingga, SA Health and Medical Research Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - T Kleinig
- University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Windgassen S, Goldsmith K, Moss-Morris R, Chalder T. Establishing how psychological therapies work: the importance of mediation analysis. J Ment Health 2016; 25:93-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- P D White
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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White PD, Goldsmith K, Johnson AL, Chalder T, Sharpe M. Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome after treatments given in the PACE trial. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2227-2235. [PMID: 23363640 PMCID: PMC3776285 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multi-centre, four-arm trial (the PACE trial) found that rehabilitative cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) were more effective treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) than specialist medical care (SMC) alone, when each was added to SMC, and more effective than adaptive pacing therapy (APT) when added to SMC. In this study we compared how many participants recovered after each treatment. METHOD We defined recovery operationally using multiple criteria, and compared the proportions of participants meeting each individual criterion along with two composite criteria, defined as (a) recovery in the context of the trial and (b) clinical recovery from the current episode of the illness, however defined, 52 weeks after randomization. We used logistic regression modelling to compare treatments. RESULTS The percentages (number/total) meeting trial criteria for recovery were 22% (32/143) after CBT, 22% (32/143) after GET, 8% (12/149) after APT and 7% (11/150) after SMC. Similar proportions met criteria for clinical recovery. The odds ratio (OR) for trial recovery after CBT was 3.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–6.88] and for GET 3.38 (95% CI 1.65–6.93), when compared to APT, and after CBT 3.69 (95% CI 1.77–7.69) and GET 3.71 (95% CI 1.78–7.74), when compared to SMC (p values < or =0.001 for all comparisons). There was no significant difference between APT and SMC. Similar proportions recovered in trial subgroups meeting different definitions of the illness. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that recovery from CFS is possible, and that CBT and GET are the therapies most likely to lead to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D White
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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White PD, Goldsmith K, Johnson AL, Chalder T, Sharpe M. Letter to the editor: response to correspondence concerning 'recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome after treatments in the PACE trial'. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1791-2. [PMID: 23866117 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Berman M, Goldsmith K, Dhital K, Tsui S, Parmar J. 207: Comparison of Outcomes from Smoking and Non-Smoking Donors – 13-Year Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Gibbs JSR, Corris PA, Peacock AJ, Jenkins DP, Goldsmith K, Coghlan JG, Pepke-Zaba J. Prognostic and aetiological factors in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2008; 33:332-8. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Toshner M, Suntharalingam J, Goldsmith K, Niggebrugge A, Pepke-Zaba J, Morrell NW, Tsui S, Flowers J, Jenkins D. Current differences in referral patterns for pulmonary endarterectomy in the UK. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:660-3. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00006208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Provision of one lung ventilation can be technically challenging, particularly for anaesthetists who are only occasionally required to isolate one lung from the other. A new double lumen endotracheal tube, the Papworth BiVent Tube, has been designed to enable rapid and reliable lung isolation using any bronchus blocker without the need for fibreoptic endoscopic guidance. In this study, an airway-training manikin was used to assess ease of tracheal intubation and lung isolation using the Papworth BiVent tube. Ease of intubation was compared to a single lumen endotracheal tube and a conventional double lumen endobronchial tube. Ease of lung isolation when using a bronchus blocker was compared to a single lumen tube combined with a bronchial blocker. Tracheal intubation using the Papworth BiVent tube was found to be easier than when using a conventional double lumen endobronchial tube. Lung isolation using the Papworth BiVent tube used in combination with a bronchus blocker was achieved more reliably and rapidly than when using a single lumen tube and bronchus blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK.
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Suntharalingam J, Goldsmith K, van Marion V, Long L, Treacy CM, Dudbridge F, Toshner MR, Pepke-Zaba J, Eikenboom JCJ, Morrell NW. Fibrinogen A Thr312Ala polymorphism is associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:736-41. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00055107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sharples L, Hughes V, Crean A, Dyer M, Buxton M, Goldsmith K, Stone D. Cost-effectiveness of functional cardiac testing in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial. The CECaT trial. Health Technol Assess 2007; 11:iii-iv, ix-115. [DOI: 10.3310/hta11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Stone
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Suntharalingam J, Hughes RJ, Goldsmith K, Doughty N, George P, Toshner M, Sheares KK, Pepke-Zaba J. Acute haemodynamic responses to inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous sildenafil in distal chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Vascul Pharmacol 2007; 46:449-55. [PMID: 17368113 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although surgery is the treatment of choice for CTEPH, it is not appropriate for patients with surgically inaccessible distal disease. These patients are traditionally managed supportively, but may benefit from newer, more specific vasoactive therapies. This study examines the acute haemodynamic responses to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and intravenous sildenafil in this patient population. METHODS Nine patients with de novo distal CTEPH and nine with persistent pulmonary hypertension post-pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) were enrolled. At right heart catheterisation, following baseline haemodynamic measurements, iNO was administered at 20 ppm for 10 min. Following repeat measurements, iNO was discontinued with a subsequent washout period of 10 min. Sildenafil was then administered intravenously at two doses, to achieve plasma levels equivalent to 25 mg and 50 mg orally, with further measurements obtained at the end of each infusion. RESULTS Significant reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were demonstrated following both iNO (-4.3 mm Hg or -10.3% p=0.001 and -101 dyn/s/cm(5) or -15.6% p<0.001) and sildenafil (-7.4 mm Hg or -16.9% p<0.001 and -188.8 dyn/s/cm(5) or -25.1% p<0.001). Individual mPAP and cardiac output (CO) responses to iNO and sildenafil correlated well, but haemodynamic changes following sildenafil were consistently more marked. There was, however, no difference in effect between the two doses of sildenafil. Although sildenafil caused significant reductions in systemic vascular resistance, the net haemodynamic effect of sildenafil remained pulmonary selective. Subgroup analysis suggested that post-PEA patients were more responsive to both iNO and sildenafil than de novo patients. DISCUSSION Although all but one patient failed to fulfil the formal haemodynamic response criteria typically used in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), subjects displayed significant acute responses to both iNO and sildenafil suggesting that increased vascular tone forms an important component of distal CTEPH. It is possible that these acute haemodynamic responses may translate to improved clinical outcomes, and thus further long term trials of sildenafil in distal CTEPH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suntharalingam
- Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Unit, Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire, CB3 8RE, UK
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Gooi J, Sharples L, Goldsmith K, Jenkins D, Dhital K, Large S, Tsui S. 8: The potential impact of reducing cold ischaemic time on cardiac transplant survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Goldsmith K, Sharples L, Sudarshan C, Parameshwar J, Tsui S, Wallwork J, Large S. 404: Twenty-five years of heart transplantation at a single centre: Changes in factors influencing short- and long-term survival over time. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.11.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus serotype 1 (HSV-1) expresses an immediate-early protein, ICP47, that effectively blocks the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation pathway. HSV-1 ICP47 (ICP47-1) binds with high affinity to the human transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) and blocks the binding of antigenic peptides. HSV type 2 (HSV-2) ICP47 (ICP47-2) has only 42% amino acid sequence identity with ICP47-1. Here, we compared the levels of inhibition of human and murine TAP, expressed in insect cell microsomes, by ICP47-1 and ICP47-2. Both proteins inhibited human TAP at similar concentrations, and the K(D) for ICP47-2 binding to human TAP was 4.8 x 10(-8) M, virtually identical to that measured for ICP47-1 (5.2 x 10(-8) M). There was some inhibition of murine TAP by both ICP47-2 and ICP47-1, but this inhibition was incomplete and only at ICP47 concentrations 50 to 100 times that required to inhibit human TAP. Lack of inhibition of murine TAP by ICP47-1 and ICP47-2 could be explained by an inability of both proteins to bind to murine TAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tomazin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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Goldsmith K, Chen W, Johnson DC, Hendricks RL. Infected cell protein (ICP)47 enhances herpes simplex virus neurovirulence by blocking the CD8+ T cell response. J Exp Med 1998; 187:341-8. [PMID: 9449714 PMCID: PMC2212130 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/1997] [Revised: 11/06/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein (ICP)47 blocks CD8+ T cell recognition of infected cells by inhibiting the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). In vivo, HSV-1 replicates in two distinct tissues: in epithelial mucosa or epidermis, where the virus enters sensory neurons; and in the peripheral and central nervous system, where acute and subsequently latent infections occur. Here, we show that an HSV-1 ICP47- mutant is less neurovirulent than wild-type HSV-1 in mice, but replicates normally in epithelial tissues. The reduced neurovirulence of the ICP47- mutant was due to a protective CD8+ T cell response. When compared with wild-type virus, the ICP47- mutant expressed reduced neurovirulence in immunologically normal mice, and T cell-deficient nude mice after reconstitution with CD8+ T cells. However, the ICP47- mutant exhibited normal neurovirulence in mice that were acutely depleted of CD8+ T cells, and in nude mice that were not reconstituted, or were reconstituted with CD4+ T cells. In contrast, CD8+ T cell depletion did not increase the neurovirulence of an unrelated, attenuated HSV-1 glycoprotein (g)E- mutant. ICP47 is the first viral protein shown to influence neurovirulence by inhibiting CD8+ T cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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Frappier L, Goldsmith K, Bendell L. Stabilization of the EBNA1 protein on the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of DNA replication by a DNA looping mechanism. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:1057-62. [PMID: 8288561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication from the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of replication, oriP, is activated by Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). This activation involves the binding of EBNA1 dimers to multiple sites present in the two noncontiguous functional elements of oriP, the dyad symmetry element (DS) from which replication initiates, and the family of repeats (FR) enhancer element. EBNA1 complexes formed on the FR and DS elements of oriP interact by a DNA looping mechanism. This interaction requires EBNA1 sequences in addition to those required for DNA binding and dimerization. To map the EBNA1 sequences required for the efficient interaction of FR- and DS-bound EBNA1 complexes, we have overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified a series of EBNA1 N-terminal truncation mutants, all of which retain the DNA binding and dimerization domains. The results of electron microscopy and ligation-enhancement assays using these mutants indicated that EBNA1 sequences between amino acids 350 and 361 are required for the efficient interaction of FR- and DS-bound EBNA1 complexes. EBNA1-mediated FR-DS interactions were shown to stabilize EBNA1 binding to the DS element, while EBNA1-mediated DS-DS interactions did not. These results suggest that the stabilization of EBNA1 on the DS element, which occurs as a result of EBNA1-mediate oriP looping, may be important for the activation of DNA replication from the DS element.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frappier
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Frappier L, Goldsmith K, Bendell L. Stabilization of the EBNA1 protein on the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of DNA replication by a DNA looping mechanism. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Goldsmith K, Bendell L, Frappier L. Identification of EBNA1 amino acid sequences required for the interaction of the functional elements of the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of DNA replication. J Virol 1993; 67:3418-26. [PMID: 8388506 PMCID: PMC237686 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.6.3418-3426.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) activates DNA replication from the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin, oriP. This activation involves the direct interaction of EBNA1 dimers with multiple sites within the two noncontiguous functional elements of the origin, the family of repeats (FR) element and the dyad symmetry (DS) element. The efficient interaction of EBNA1 dimers bound to these two elements in oriP results in the formation of DNA loops in which the FR and DS elements are bound together through EBNA1. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which EBNA1 induces oriP DNA looping, we have investigated the DNA sequences and EBNA1 amino acids required for EBNA1-mediated DNA looping. Using a series of truncation mutants of EBNA1 produced in baculovirus and purified to apparent homogeneity, we have demonstrated that the EBNA1 DNA binding and dimerization domain is not sufficient to mediate oriP DNA looping and that an additional region(s) located between amino acids 346 and 450 is required. Single EBNA1-binding sites, separated by 930 bp of plasmid DNA, were also shown to support EBNA1-mediated looping, indicating that the formation of large EBNA1 complexes, such as those observed on oriP FR and DS elements, is not a requirement for looping.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goldsmith
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hutchinson L, Goldsmith K, Snoddy D, Ghosh H, Graham FL, Johnson DC. Identification and characterization of a novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gK, involved in cell fusion. J Virol 1992; 66:5603-9. [PMID: 1323714 PMCID: PMC289123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.9.5603-5609.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipeptide sera were used to identify a novel glycoprotein encoded by the UL53 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The UL53 gene product is thought to play a central role in regulating membrane fusion because mutations giving rise to the syncytial phenotype, wherein cells are extensively fused, frequently map to this gene. A single 40-kDa protein, designated gK (the ninth HSV-1 glycoprotein to be described), was detected with antipeptide sera in cells infected with both wild-type and syncytial strains of HSV-1 which were labelled with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine or with [3H]glucosamine, and this protein was sensitive to treatment of cells with tunicamycin. With all other HSV glycoproteins studied to date, at least two glycosylated species, often differing substantially in electrophoretic mobility, have been observed in infected cells; thus, gK is unusual in this respect. The 40-kDa gK protein was also immunoprecipitated from cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the UL53 gene. Two glycosylated species of 39 and 41 kDa were produced when UL53 mRNA was translated in vitro in the presence of microsomes, and these proteins differed from gK produced in infected cells not only because they possessed different electrophoretic mobilities but also because they were unable to enter gels after being heated. In addition, a 36-kDa protein was detected in extracts from cells infected with HSV-2 with use of these sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hutchinson L, Browne H, Wargent V, Davis-Poynter N, Primorac S, Goldsmith K, Minson AC, Johnson DC. A novel herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, gL, forms a complex with glycoprotein H (gH) and affects normal folding and surface expression of gH. J Virol 1992; 66:2240-50. [PMID: 1312629 PMCID: PMC289017 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.4.2240-2250.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycoprotein encoded by the UL1 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was detected in infected cells with antipeptide sera. The UL1 gene has previously been implicated in virus-induced cell fusion (S. Little and P. A. Schaffer, Virology 112:686-697, 1981). Two protein species, a 30-kDa precursor form and a 40-kDa mature form of the glycoprotein, both of which were modified with N-linked oligosaccharides, were observed. This novel glycoprotein is the 10th HSV-1 glycoprotein to be described and was named glycoprotein L (gL). A complex was formed between gL and gH, a glycoprotein known to be essential for entry of HSV-1 into cells and for virus-induced cell fusion. Previously, it had been reported that gH expressed in the absence of other viral proteins was antigenically abnormal, not processed, and not expressed at the cell surface (U.A. Gompels and A. C. Minson, J. Gen. Virol. 63:4744-4755, 1989; A. J. Forrester, V. Sullivan, A. Simmons, B. A. Blacklaws, G. L. Smith, A. A. Nash, and A. C. Minson, J. Gen. Virol. 72:369-375, 1991). However, gH coexpressed with gL by using vaccinia virus recombinants was antigenically normal, processed normally, and transported to the cell surface. Similarly, gL was dependent on gH for proper posttranslational processing and cell surface expression. These results suggest that it is a hetero-oligomer of gH and gL which is incorporated into virions and transported to the cell surface and which acts during entry of virus into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hutchinson
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Goldsmith K. Ifosfamide administration recommendation questioned. Oncol Nurs Forum 1991; 18:476. [PMID: 1888388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pace C, Goldsmith K, Delmo C, Grizzle W, Bucy RP. Functional and morphological studies of long-term islet allografts in the renal subcapsular space of the BB/W rat. Transplantation 1989; 47:580-2. [PMID: 2495585 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-198904000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our primary objective in this study was to determine whether transplanted pancreatic islet B cells display normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretory responses. Since transplanted islets are deinnervated and are located in a potentially unfavorable hormonal environment, it is possible that transplanted islets can maintain blood glucose levels but still not be completely normal. Since immune mechanisms may alter secretory responses but fail to cause overt islet necrosis (rejection), we used the BB/W spontaneously diabetic rat as the recipient in these studies. Islets harvested from inbred Lewis rats were transplanted beneath the renal capsule with minimal ALS immunosuppression posttransplantation. The transplanted animals showed a normal response to a glucose tolerance test. After 122-155 days of normoglycemia, the islets were retrieved and subjected to 2.8 and 16.7 mM glucose. The results indicate that the islet allografts maintain their secretory response to glucose when compared to donor Lewis islets acutely isolated from the pancreas. Furthermore, the transplanted islets maintained their morphologic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pace
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goldsmith
- John Burford Carlill Pathological Laboratories, Westminster Hospital School of Medicine, London
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