Efficacy of Oral Alitretinoin in Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides Palmaris et Plantaris

Abstract is missing (Short communication)

Pigmented contact dermatitis and hair dyes: A retrospective case-control multicentre study in Korea

BACKGROUND

Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), a rare variant of non-eczematous contact dermatitis, is clinically characterized by sudden-onset brown or grey pigmentation on the face and neck. It is hypothesized to be caused by repeated contact with low levels of allergens.

OBJECTIVES

This study evaluated the risk of using hair dyes in patients with PCD in Korea.

METHODS

A total of 1033 PCD patients and 1366 controls from 31 university hospitals were retrospectively recruited. We collected and analysed the data from the patient group, diagnosed through typical clinical findings of PCD and the control group, which comprised age/sex-matched patients who visited the participating hospitals with pre-existing skin diseases other than current allergic disease or PCD.

RESULTS

Melasma and photosensitivity were significantly more common in the control group, and a history of contact dermatitis was more common in the PCD group. There were significantly more Fitzpatrick skin type V participants in the PCD group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in sunscreen use between the groups. Using dermatologic medical history, Fitzpatrick skin type and sunscreen use as covariates, we showed that hair dye use carried a higher PCD risk (odds ratio [OR] before adjustment: 2.06, confidence interval [CI]: 1.60-2.65; OR after adjustment: 2.74, CI: 1.88-4.00). Moreover, henna users had a higher risk of PCD (OR before adjustment: 5.51, CI: 4.07-7.47; OR after adjustment: 7.02, CI: 4.59-10.74), indicating a significant increase in the risk of PCD with henna dye use. Contact dermatitis history was more prevalent in henna users than in those using other hair dyes in the PCD group (17.23% vs. 11.55%).

CONCLUSION

Hair dye use is a risk factor for PCD. The risk significantly increased when henna hair dye was used by those with a history of contact dermatitis.

Some considerations on the dependence to numerical schemes of Lagrangian radionuclide transport models for the aquatic environment

Lagrangian models present several advantages over Eulerian models to simulate the transport of radionuclides in the aquatic environment in emergency situations. A radionuclide release is simulated as a number of particles whose trajectories are calculated along time and thus these models do not require a spatial discretization (although it is always required in time). In this paper we investigate the dependence of a Lagrangian model output with the grid spacing which is used to calculate concentrations from the final distribution of particles, with the number of particles in the simulation and with the interpolation schemes which are required because of the discrete nature of the water circulation data used to feed the model. Also, a Lagrangian model may describe the exchanges of radionuclides between phases (liquid and solid), which is done in terms of transition probabilities. The dependence of these probabilities with time step is analyzed as well. It was found that the optimum grid size used to calculate concentrations should be carefully checked, and that temporal interpolation is more significant than spatial interpolation to obtain a more accurate solution. A method to estimate the number of particles required to have a certain accuracy level is proposed. Finally, it was found that for low sediment concentrations and small radionuclide k_d, exact equations for the transition probabilities should be used; and that phase transitions introduce a stability condition as in Eulerian models.

Dorsal Hand and Foot Mycosis Fungoides: Looking Beyond Mycosis Fungoides Palmaris et Plantaris

Abstract is missing (Short communication)

Dermoscopic findings and histopathological correlation in large cell acanthoma

Since large cell acanthoma (LCA) has many overlapping clinical and histopathological features with other epidermal pigmented tumours, an additional method to differentiate it would be of great clinical significance. A retrospective study was performed on 33 lesions (26 patients) to identify distinct dermoscopic findings of LCA and to describe dermoscopic-histopathological correlations. The results revealed that dermoscopy significantly aids in the distinction of LCA from other epidermal tumours included in the differential diagnosis. Yellow opaque homogeneous background, brown dots, and moth-eaten border are common findings, and prominent skin markings and short white streaks are additional distinguishing features. Several important findings that are common in other diseases are rare in LCA.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution of genital keratotic lesions

Genital keratotic lesions include bowenoid papulosis (BP), which histologically resembles squamous cell carcinoma in situ containing high-risk HPV, condyloma acuminatum (CA) that is a genital wart containing mostly low-risk HPV, and genital seborrheic keratosis (GSK), which is a benign epidermal tumour lacking a clear etiologic relationship with HPV. This study compared HPV genotype distributions among BP, CA and GSK and revealed that BP and GSK were related to high-risk HPV whereas CA was related to low-risk HPV. It is plausible that GSK is a distinct epidermal tumour often related to high-risk HPV rather than merely a senescent form of CA considering the overall discrepancy in the frequency distribution of HPV genotypes along with histopathological differences, and the detection of high-risk HPV in GSK alerts physicians to consider more active treatment and continued follow-ups.

Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and hybrid laparoscopic/robotic graft implantation in living donor liver transplantation

This report describes a purely laparoscopic/robotic technique for successful living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy followed by purely laparoscopic and robotic graft implantation can be performed in LDLT.

The transport, effective half-lives and age distributions of radioactive releases in the northern Indian Ocean

A Lagrangian model which describes radionuclide transport in the northern Indian Ocean is described. Water circulation is obtained from HYCOM ocean model for year 2017. The model includes advection by currents, turbulent mixing and radionuclide interactions between water and sediments, described in a dynamic way using kinetic transfer coefficients. Hypothetical releases from five coastal nuclear power plants operating in the northern Indian Ocean were simulated. Releases were supposed to start both during the winter and summer monsoons, to study reversing circulation effects. Age distributions of releases were calculated, which adds information about circulation and radionuclide pathways. It was found that, for some of the NPPs, radionuclide distributions resulting from releases starting in both seasons were not as different as could be expected from the opposed circulation schemes during each monsoon. Effective ¹³⁷Cs half-lives in the ocean surface were calculated and results were two orders of magnitude below previous estimations.

Dermoscopic findings of genital keratotic lesions: Bowenoid papulosis, seborrheic keratosis, and condyloma acuminatum

Dermatologists often encounter keratotic or warty lesions in the genital area. Establishing a clear diagnosis may seem challenging, particularly when the differential diagnosis includes bowenoid papulosis, seborrheic keratosis, and condyloma acuminatum. This study aimed to compare the dermoscopic features of bowenoid papulosis (BP), seborrheic keratosis, and condyloma acuminatum in the genital area. All lesions histopathologically confirmed underwent clinical assessment and dermoscopic observation. Dermoscopically, glomerular vessels were predominant in bowenoid papulosis, whereas seborrheic keratosis was the least vascular-patterned disease. Most cases of bowenoid papulosis presented mucosal pigmentation and classified as "flat". Seborrheic keratosis had a pigmented, cerebriform appearance. Condyloma acuminatum was characterised by a finger-like appearance, highly vascular-patterned features surrounded by whitish halos. Dermoscopic findings can be useful for differentiating the entity of genital keratotic lesions ahead of an invasive method. When dermoscopic features favor BP, different from genital warts, it should be removed completely but conservatively.

A Case Report on the Dermoscopic Features of Spark's Nevus

Spark's nevus is a compound word composed of Spitz nevus and Clark's nevus. It is one of the combined melanocytic nevi which is more common in female and usually presents as a sharp circumscribed hyperpigmented macule on the lower extremities. On histopathologic findings, both cytologic features of Spitz nevus characterized as large spindle or epithelioid melanocytes containing large nuclei with abundant cytoplasm, and architecture of Clark's nevus characterized as elongation of rete ridges, bridging of the nests, concentric and lamellar fibrosis can be seen. A 24-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic, solitary, dark-brown-colored papule surrounded by brownish patch that looked similar to dysplastic nevus or malignant melanoma on the buttock. On dermoscopic examination, it showed brown-to-black globules, diffuse homogenous pigmentation with blue-white structures, and a surrounding brownish reticular pattern that faded away. On histopathologic findings, overall asymmetrical structure, epithelioid large melanocytes containing large nuclei with abundant cytoplasm, and Kamino body were seen in the central portion. Also, lentiginous hyperplasia, bridging of the nests composed of melanocytes containing foamy cytoplasm, concentric and lamellar fibrosis along with the elongation of rete ridge, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration were seen in the peripheral portion. The diagnosis of Spark's nevus was made. Following its definition, this combined nevus is diagnosed histopathologically, but the clinicodermoscopic features have not been well described. Herein, we report a case of Spark's nevus in which dermoscopy was helpful for differentiating it from malignant melanoma.

The effectiveness of high-dose ultraviolet A-1 phototherapy for acute exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in Asians

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by a chronic course of exacerbations and remissions. High-dose ultraviolet A-1 (UVA-1) phototherapy has been effective in the treatment of acute exacerbations of AD. However, there have been no case studies in Asian patients to date. We investigated the effectiveness of high-dose UVA-1 phototherapy for treating acute exacerbation of AD in Asian patients.

METHOD

This study included 16 patients with acute exacerbation of AD. High-dose (100 J/cm² ) regimens of UVA-1 therapy were employed. Therapeutic effectiveness was assessed based on the findings of clinical examinations and scoring of AD (SCORAD) index before treatment and after the 5th and 10th sessions of treatment. Additionally, side effects and recurrence during follow-up were retrospectively evaluated.

RESULTS

The patients were between 7 and 50 years of age, with a mean age of 25.8 years. The SCORAD index was between 41 and 89.5, with a mean score of 64.9. Among the 16 patients, two patients discontinued treatment due to the aggravation of erythema and pruritus. Of the 14 patients who completed the 10 sessions of high-dose UVA-1 phototherapy, nine patients (64.3%) showed complete remission and five patients (35.7%) showed partial remission. The mean SCORAD index reduced from 64.9 (before treatment) to 23.3 (after the 10th session of treatment).

CONCLUSION

This is the first case study of high-dose UVA-1 phototherapy for acute exacerbation of AD in Asian patients, suggesting that high-dose UVA-1 phototherapy can be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for acute exacerbated AD. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed.

Low-dose Methotrexate Treatment for Solitary or Localized Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Long-term Follow-up Study

Although low-dose methotrexate (MTX) has been used widely in treatment of a variety of dermatological diseases, including multifocal primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL), it has not been established for use in the treatment guidelines for solitary or localized PCALCL. Furthermore, there has been no report of long-term follow-up data in Asian patients with PCALCL treated with low-dose MTX. To investigate the effectiveness and clinical outcome of treatment with low-dose MTX, clinical and long-term follow-up data of 7 patients with solitary or localized PCALCL were analysed retrospectively. Of the 7 patients, 6 (85.7%) showed a complete response and 1 (14.3%) showed partial remission. During follow-up, mean duration of 92.1 months, 5 patients developed one or more cutaneous relapses. At the last follow-up, all of the patients with PCALCL were alive without disease. These results indicate that low-dose MTX is a highly effective and safe treatment for solitary or localized PCALCL as well as multiple relapsed lesions.

Fukushima 137Cs releases dispersion modelling over the Pacific Ocean. Comparisons of models with water, sediment and biota data

A number of marine radionuclide dispersion models (both Eulerian and Lagrangian) were applied to simulate ¹³⁷Cs releases from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011 over the Pacific at oceanic scale. Simulations extended over two years and both direct releases into the ocean and deposition of atmospheric releases on the ocean surface were considered. Dispersion models included an embedded biological uptake model (BUM). Three types of BUMs were used: equilibrium, dynamic and allometric. Model results were compared with ¹³⁷Cs measurements in water (surface, intermediate and deep layers), sediment and biota (zooplankton, non-piscivorous and piscivorous fish). A reasonable agreement in model/model and model/data comparisons was obtained.

Challenging Alveolar Hemorrhage Complicating Pneumonia After Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Alveolar hemorrhage is a life-threatening clinical syndrome often initially thought to be atypical pneumonia. Association with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is well studied, but not with solid organ transplantation. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman presented with fever and shortness of breath on the third posttransplant day after deceased donor liver transplantation. Imaging studies showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a positive sequential bronchoalveolar lavage test was revealed during bronchoscopy. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia was present in 8/200,000 white blood cells; Aspergillus galactomannan and Pneumocystis jirovecii were also present. However, only Aspergillus hyphae were found in the sputum culture. Management strategy aimed to treat underlying infections, provide adequate respiratory support, and control inflammation. We proposed that diffuse alveolar hemorrhage should be considered as differential diagnosis in early pulmonary complications after liver transplantation. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment protocol is the key for a good outcome.

Initial experience with purely laparoscopic living-donor right hepatectomy

BACKGROUND

There may be concerns about purely laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) compared with open donor right hepatectomy, especially when performed by surgeons accustomed to open surgery. This study aimed to describe technical tips and pitfalls in PLDRH.

METHODS

Data from donors who underwent PLDRH at Seoul National University Hospital between December 2015 and July 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Endpoints analysed included intraoperative events and postoperative complications. All operations were performed by a single surgeon with considerable experience in open living donor hepatectomy.

RESULTS

A total of 26 donors underwent purely laparoscopic right hepatectomy in the study interval. No donor required transfusion during surgery, whereas two underwent reoperation. In two donors, the dissection plane at the right upper deep portion of the midplane was not correct. One donor experienced portal vein injury during caudate lobe transection, and one developed remnant left hepatic duct stenosis. One donor experienced remnant portal vein angulation owing to a different approach angle, and one experienced arterial damage associated with the use of a laparoscopic energy device. One donor had postoperative bleeding due to masking of potential bleeding foci owing to intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy. Two donors experienced right liver surface damage caused by a xiphoid trocar.

CONCLUSION

Purely laparoscopic donor hepatectomy differs from open donor hepatectomy in terms of angle and caudal view. Therefore, surgeons experienced in open donor hepatectomy must gain adequate experience in laparoscopic liver surgery and make adjustments when performing PLDRH.

Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides in 20 Korean Cases: Clinical and Histopathologic Features and Response to Ultraviolet A-1 and/or Photodynamic Therapy

Background

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a variant of mycosis fungoides (MF) that is characterized clinically by variable types of skin eruptions, including plaques, acneiform lesions, and alopecic patches. Histopathologically, FMF is characterized by folliculotropic infiltrates.

Objective

This study was conducted to scrutinize the clinical and histopathologic features of FMF in Koreans and the responses to phototherapy.

Methods

Twenty Koreans diagnosed with MF who had histopathologic evidence of folliculotropism were enrolled.

Results

Eighteen patients had head-and-neck-region infiltration, while five had solitary lesion. In all patients, the atypical lymphocytic infiltrate had a perifollicular distribution. Twelve patients were treated with ultraviolet A (UVA)-1. Eleven of these 12 patients with early-stage FMF experienced >80% improvement (8: complete remission; 3: partial remission). Four patients, including 2 who relapsed after UVA-1, were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), reaching complete remission after PDT.

Conclusion

As FMF has variable clinical presentations, skin biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. And both UVA-1 and methyl aminolevulinate-PDT are clinically effective in treatment of early-stage FMF.

Histopathologic Finding of Perieschar Lesions in Tsutsugamushi Disease Shows Lymphocytic Vasculitis Mimicking Angiocentric Lymphoma

Background

Tsutsugamushi disease is an acute, febrile, infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Several studies investigating the histopathologic findings of eschars in tsutsugamushi disease reported leukocytoclastic vasculitis and neutrophil infiltration as the major findings. However, these findings may result from secondary changes following tissue necrosis. The histopathologic findings of perieschar lesions may be important to understand the primary changes associated with tsutsugamushi disease.

Objective

To investigate characteristic histopathologic features of perieschar lesions and suppose the mechanism of vascular pathophysiological changes associated with tsutsugamushi disease.

Methods

We analyzed histopathological slides of perieschar lesions in 12 patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease.

Results

In the epidermis, exocytosis of mononuclear cells (75.0%) and basal vacuolar changes (66.7%) were frequent. In the dermis, perivascular, interstitial, and perineural mononuclear cell infiltration (100.0%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively), as well as thrombosis (83.3%), atypical lymphocyte infiltration (91.7%), and mitotic figures (83.3%) were commonly seen. Lymphocytic vasculitis and mononuclear cell infiltration around eccrine glands were found in all cases, but eosinophil infiltration was only found in one patient (8.3%). However, the characteristic findings of eschar lesions, such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis and neutrophil infiltration, were not found in perieschar lesions.

Conclusion

The major histopathologic findings in the perieschar lesions of tsutsugamushi disease were lymphocytic vasculitis and atypical lymphocytic infiltration, mimicking lymphoma. Therefore, we suggest that this lesion should be added to the list of pseudolymphomas. To observe these characteristic histopathologic features, we also recommend that skin biopsies should be performed on perieschar lesions, not eschar lesions.

Pure laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy: Focus on 55 donors undergoing right hepatectomy

Although laparoscopic donor hepatectomy is increasingly common, few centers with substantial experience have reported the results of pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH). Here, we report the experiences of 60 consecutive liver donors undergoing pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH), with most undergoing right hepatectomy. None of the 60 donors who underwent PLDH had intraoperative complications and none required transfusions, reoperation, or conversion to open hepatectomy. Forty-five donors who underwent PLDRH between November 2015 and December 2016 were compared with 42 who underwent conventional donor right hepatectomy (CDRH) between May 2013 and February 2014. The total operation time was longer (330.7 vs 280.0 minutes; P < .001) and the percentage with multiple bile duct openings was higher (53.3% vs 26.2%; P = .010) in the PLDRH group. However, the length of postoperative hospital stay (8.4 vs 8.2 days; P = .495) and rate of complications (11.9% vs 8.9%; P = .733) and re-hospitalizations (4.8% vs 4.4%; P = 1.000) were similar in both groups. PLDH, including PLDRH, is feasible when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplant team. Further evaluation, including long-term results, may support these preliminary findings of comparative outcomes for donors undergoing PLDRH and CDRH.

Degos-Like Lesions Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Degos disease, also referred to as malignant atrophic papulosis, was first described in 1941 by Köhlmeier and was independently described by Degos in 1942. Degos disease is characterized by diffuse, papular skin eruptions with porcelain-white centers and slightly raised erythematous telangiectatic rims associated with bowel infarction. Although the etiology of Degos disease is unknown, autoimmune diseases, coagulation disorders, and vasculitis have all been considered as underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Approximately 15% of Degos disease have a benign course limited to the skin and no history of gastrointestinal or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. A 29-year-old female with history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic lesions on the dorsum of all fingers and both knees. The patient had only skin lesions and no gastrointestinal or CNS vasculitis symptoms. Her skin lesions were umbilicated, atrophic porcelain-white lesions with a rim of erythema. On the basis of clinical, histologic, and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of Degos-like lesions associated with SLE was made. The patient had been treated for SLE for 7 years. Her treatment regimen was maintained over a 2 month follow-up period, and the skin lesions improved slightly with no development of new lesions.

Usefulness of Dermoscopy in the Differential Diagnosis of Ruptured and Unruptured Epidermal Cysts

BACKGROUND

An epidermal cyst is a common keratin-filled epithelial-lined cyst. The treatment of choice for epidermal cysts is surgical excision. If the cyst becomes ruptured, incision and drainage with oral antibiotic therapy or intralesional steroid injection are required.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the dermoscopic features that can differentiate between ruptured and unruptured epidermal cysts.

METHODS

The clinical and dermoscopic features of the pathologically confirmed epidermal cysts of two subgroups of 38 patients, 20 with unruptured cysts and 18 with ruptured cysts, were reviewed.

RESULTS

With regard to the dermoscopic features, an ivory- white background color and punctum were commonly found in both groups (p>0.05). The unruptured-cyst group showed higher frequencies of pore sign (p<0.05), blue-white veil (p>0.05), no vascular structure, and arborizing telangiectasia (p<0.05), but the ruptured-cyst group usually had red lacunae (p>0.05) and peripheral linear branched vessels (with an erythematous rim) (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Dermoscopy is helpful in differentiating between ruptured and unruptured epidermal cysts.

Modelling of marine radionuclide dispersion in IAEA MODARIA program: Lessons learnt from the Baltic Sea and Fukushima scenarios

State-of-the art dispersion models were applied to simulate (137)Cs dispersion from Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster fallout in the Baltic Sea and from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant releases in the Pacific Ocean after the 2011 tsunami. Models were of different nature, from box to full three-dimensional models, and included water/sediment interactions. Agreement between models was very good in the Baltic. In the case of Fukushima, results from models could be considered to be in acceptable agreement only after a model harmonization process consisting of using exactly the same forcing (water circulation and parameters) in all models. It was found that the dynamics of the considered system (magnitude and variability of currents) was essential in obtaining a good agreement between models. The difficulties in developing operative models for decision-making support in these dynamic environments were highlighted. Three stages which should be considered after an emergency, each of them requiring specific modelling approaches, have been defined. They are the emergency, the post-emergency and the long-term phases.

Pityriasis Lichenoides-like Mycosis Fungoides: Clinical and Histologic Features and Response to Phototherapy

Background

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL)-like skin lesions rarely appear as a specific manifestation of mycosis fungoides (MF).

Objective

We investigated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and treatments of PL-like MF.

Methods

This study included 15 patients with PL-like lesions selected from a population of 316 patients diagnosed with MF at one institution.

Results

The patients were between 4 and 59 years of age. Four patients were older than 20 years of age. All of the patients had early-stage MF. In all patients, the atypical lymphocytic infiltrate had a perivascular distribution with epidermotropism. The CD4/CD8 ratio was <1 in 12 patients. Thirteen patients were treated with either narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) or psoralen+ultraviolet A (PUVA), and all of them had complete responses.

Conclusion

PL-like MF appears to have a favorable prognosis and occurrence of this variant in adults is uncommon. MF should be suspected in the case of a PL-like skin eruption. Therefore, biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis of PL-like MF, and NBUVB is a clinically effective treatment.

Cutaneous Lymphoma in Korea: A Nationwide Retrospective Study

The epidemiological and clinicopathological features of cutaneous lymphoma may vary by geographical area. However, only a few large-scale epidemiological studies of cutaneous lymphoma have been performed, mainly in the USA and Europe. This aim of this study was to determine the recent characteristics of cutaneous lymphoma in Korea according to the WHO/EORTC classification. A total of 422 patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous lymphoma from January 2009 to December 2013 comprising 293 cases of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma and 39 cases of mature B-cell lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of mature B-cell lymphoma was lower in Korea than in Europe and the USA. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was more prevalent in Korea than in Western countries. The incidence of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type was higher in Korea than in Western countries and Japan.

Malignant mesonephric tumor of the cervix with an initial manifestation as pulmonary metastasis: case report and review of the literature

Malignant mesonephric tumor (MMT) is a relatively uncommon malignancy of the female genital tract. The diagnosis of metastatic MMT is difficult because cytological, pathological, immunohistochemical characteristics of MMT are under-recognized. The authors present a 55-year-old female with metastatic pulmonary nodules. The bronchial washing cytology revealed three dimensional clusters of bland epithelial cells with slight nuclear grooves. A corresponding lung histology had ductal or tubular clusters of epithelial cells with intraglandular eosinophilic materials. These epithelial cells were positive for immunohistochemical stain of CD10, suggesting metastasis from MMT. The cervical smear showed clusters of bland, gland-forming epithelial cells with intraglandular eosinophilic materials. On histologic examination, mesonephric adenocarcinoma with papillary and solid proliferation was identified in the uterine cervix. A review of the literature for 72 cases of MMT is also included. Clinical and cytopathological features of MMT are herein made available.

High-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing reveals novel binding targets and prognostic role for SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma

Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is specific for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as compared with other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, the function and direct-binding targets of SOX11 in MCL are largely unknown. We used high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the direct target genes of SOX11 in a genome-wide, unbiased manner and elucidate its functional significance. Pathway analysis identified WNT, PKA and TGF-beta signaling pathways as significantly enriched by SOX11-target genes. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and promoter reporter assays confirmed that SOX11 directly binds to individual genes and modulates their transcription activities in these pathways in MCL. Functional studies using RNA interference demonstrate that SOX11 directly regulates WNT in MCL. We analyzed SOX11 expression in three independent well-annotated tissue microarrays from the University of Wisconsin (UW), Karolinska Institute and British Columbia Cancer Agency. Our findings suggest that high SOX11 expression is associated with improved survival in a subset of MCL patients, particularly those treated with intensive chemotherapy. Transcriptional regulation of WNT and other biological pathways affected by SOX11-target genes may help explain the impact of SOX11 expression on patient outcomes.

Clinical Features and Histological Findings of 17 Patients with Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings and treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis in Korean patients. MethodsSeventeen Korean patients with chronic actinic dermatitis were enrolled for this study. The clinical and histological findings and the results of phototest were reviewed with medical records, clinical photographs and pathologic slides. We also reviewed the effectiveness of the treatments in all patients with chronic actinic dermatitis. ResultsIn all patients with chronic actinic dermatitis, pruritus was severe, and the patients present in the early stages with erythemas on the face, neck and the back of the hands. As the eruption progresses, it became lichenified and scaly plaques and papules developed. The face, upper extremity and neck were most commonly affected. The most common abnormal results of the phototests were decreased MED-UVB alone. In 8 patients with actinic reticuloid, histopathologic findings showed irregular acanthosis, parakeratosis, spongiosis, atypical hyperchromatic cells with cerebriform nuclei, epidermotropism, Pautrier-like microabscess, deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, vertically-streaked collagen in the papillary dermis, stellate and multinucleated fibroblasts. Treatment includes topical tacrolimus and corticosteroid, oral corticosteroid, azathioprine and cyclosporine. ConclusionsOur study showed classic clinical and histological findings. The most common abnormal results of the phototests were decreased MED-UVB alone. Topical steroid, tacrolimus and systemic cyclosporine, azathioprine are effective in treating chronic actinic dermatitis.

Methylglyoxal induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

Methylglyoxal is a reactive dicarbonyl compound produced by glycolytic processing and identified as a precursor of advanced glycation end products. The elevated methylglyoxal levels in patients with diabetes are believed to contribute to diabetic complications, including bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylglyoxal on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The data indicated that methylglyoxal decreased osteoblast differentiation and induced osteoblast cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with aminoguanidine (a carbonyl scavenger), Trolox (an antioxidant), and cyclosporin A (a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore) prevented methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells. However, BAPTA/AM (an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator) and dantrolene (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release) did not reverse the cytotoxic effect of methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal increased the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and cardiolipin peroxidation in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methylglyoxal also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP and nitric oxide levels, suggesting that carbonyl stress-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity contributes to the cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that methylglyoxal induced protein adduct formation, inactivation of glyoxalase I, and activation of glyoxalase II. Aminoguanidine reversed all aforementioned effects of methylglyoxal. Taken together, these data support the notion that high methylglyoxal concentrations have detrimental effects on osteoblasts through a mechanism involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Tinea incognito in Korea and its risk factors: nine-year multicenter survey

Tinea incognito (TI) is a dermatophytic infection which has lost its typical clinical appearance because of improper use of steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. The incidence of TI is increasing nowadays. We conducted retrospective review on 283 patients with TI from 25 dermatology training hospitals in Korea from 2002-2010 to investigate the demographical, clinical, and mycological characteristics of TI, and to determine the associated risk factors. More than half (59.3%) patients were previously treated by non-dermatologists or self-treated. The mean duration of TI was 15.0 ± 25.3 months. The most common clinical manifestations were eczema-like lesion, psoriasis-like, and lupus erythematosus-like lesion. The trunk and face were frequently involved, and 91 patients (32.2%) also had coexisting fungal infections. Among 67 isolated strains, Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently detected (73.1%). This is the largest study of TI reported to date and the first investigational report concerning TI in Korea. We suggest that doctors should consider TI when a patient has intractable eczema-like lesions accompanied by tinea pedis/unguium. Furthermore, there should be a policy change, which would make over-the-counter high-potency topical steroids less accessible in some countries, including Korea.