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Roca AM, Anwar FN, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Federico VP, Lopez GD, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Prognostic value in preoperative Veterans RAND-12 mental Component score on clinical outcomes for patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 125:12-16. [PMID: 38733898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
No study has examined the prognostic value of the Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12) Mental Component Score (MCS) on postoperative outcomes in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) patients. This study examines the effect of preoperative VR-12 MCS on postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in MIS-TLIF patients. Patients were separated into 2 cohorts: VR-12 MCS < 50 and VR-12 MCS ≥ 50. PROMs of VR-12 MCS/Physical Component Score (PCS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) MCS/PCS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Back/Leg Pain (VAS-BP/LP), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected.Of 329 patients, 151 were in the VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort. The VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort reported significantly inferior scores in all PROMs preoperatively, significantly inferior VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, PROMIS-PF, PHQ-9, and ODI scores at 6-weeks postoperatively, and significantly inferior scores in all PROMs, except for VAS-BP at final follow-up. Magnitude of 6-week postoperative improvement was significantly greater in the VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9. Magnitude of final postoperative improvement was significantly greater in the VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS/PCS, and PHQ-9. MCID achievement rates were significantly greater in the VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9. MIS-TLIF patients with lesser preoperative VR-12 MCS reported inferior postoperative outcomes in mental health, physical function, pain, and disability. However, patients with inferior preoperative mental health reported greater rates of clinically meaningful improvement in mental health. Inferior preoperative mental health does not limit postoperative improvement in patients undergoing MIS-TLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Kaul A, Roca AM, Anwar FN, Wolf JC, Khosla I, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Federico VP, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Preoperative motor weakness and the impact on patient reported outcomes in lateral lumbar interbody fusion. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 125:7-11. [PMID: 38733901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study measures the impact of preoperative motor weakness (MW) on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) patients. Retrospectively-sourced data from a prospectively-maintained, single-surgeon database created two cohorts of LLIF patients: patients with/without documented MW. Demographics/perioperative characteristics/PROMs were collected preoperatively and at six-weeks/final follow-up (FF). Studied outcomes were Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) Physical/Mental Component Score (PCS/MCS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale Back/Leg Pain (VAS-BP/LP), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Multivariable linear/logistic regression calculated/compared intercohort minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Mean postoperative follow-up time was 11.5 ± 7.52 months. In total, 214 LLIF patients from December 2010 to May 2023 were included, with 149 having documented MW. In Table 1, self-reported gender was significant between cohorts (p < 0.025). Other significant demographic characteristics were smoker status (p < 0.002), diabetes (p < 0.016), and CCI score (p < 0.011). Table 2 shows notably significant perioperative characteristics: spinal pathology (degenerative spondylolisthesis/foraminal stenosis/herniated nucleus pulposus) (p < 0.005, all), estimated blood loss/length of stay/postoperative day (POD)-zero narcotic consumption (p < 0.001, all). Table 3 outcomes/MCID achievement percentages demonstrated insignificant intercohort differences besides a weakly significant FF ODI score (p < 0.036). MW, a frequently reported symptom in spine surgery, is poorly studied in LLIF patients. Thus, this study evaluates MW impact on PROMs and notes no significant differences. However, one exception regarding FF disability scores was recorded. MW did not affect MCID achievement for our patient population. Therefore, the preliminary findings suggest preoperative MW imparts minimal influence on PROMs/MCID in LLIF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Kaul
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 N. Green Bay Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jacob C Wolf
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 N. Green Bay Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Wolf JC, Kaul A, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Khosla I, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Federico VP, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Do Six-Week Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Predict Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Lumbar Decompression? World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e900-e906. [PMID: 38458252 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has been done to evaluate the prognostic value of short-term postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) on long-term PROs following lumbar decompression (LD). We evaluated the prognostic value of short-term PROs on long-term PROs through 2 years after LD. METHODS A single spine surgeon database was retrospectively queried for patients undergoing primary LD with 6-week postoperative PROs reported. The demographics, perioperative traits, and preoperative, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year PROs were recorded. The PROs included the visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain, VAS for leg pain, PRO measure information system for physical function (PROMIS-PF), and Oswestry disability index. Two-step multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the predictive value of 6-week PROs for the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year PROs. RESULTS A total of 277 patients were included. The 6-week Oswestry disability index, VAS for leg pain, and 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) are all positive predictors for their respective outcomes at 6 months. Additionally, the 6-week PROMIS-PF was a negative predictor of the 6-month PHQ-9. The 6-week PROMIS-PF positively predicted the PROMIS-PF through 1 year, and the PHQ-9 was a positive predictor of the PHQ-9 at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The 6-week postoperative PROs are predictive of the same outcomes at 6 months, the PROMIS-PF is predictive through 1 year, and the PHQ-9 is predictive through 2 years. Determining the predictive value of early postoperative PROs can be helpful in understanding the likely postoperative trajectory following LD and informing patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Wolf
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aayush Kaul
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Khosla I, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Zheng E, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Cervical Disk Replacement Versus Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion: Effect of Procedural Variant on Patients With a Prolonged Preoperative Duration of Symptoms From Disk Herniation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024:00124635-990000000-00950. [PMID: 38696821 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with a prolonged preoperative symptom duration (PSD) in the setting of cervical disk herniation (DH) may suffer inferior outcomes after surgical intervention. Comparison between anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) in this at-risk population has not yet been conducted. METHODS Patients undergoing ACDF or CDA for DH with a PSD > 180 days were selected. Six-week (6W) and final follow-up (FF) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as well as magnitude of postoperative improvements (∆PROM) were compared between cohorts using multivariable linear regression. Intercohort achievement rates of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in each PROM were compared. RESULTS Seventy-seven of 190 patients were in the CDA cohort. 6W Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) was superior in the CDA cohort. The ACDF cohort demonstrated notable improvements in the 6W Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analog scale-neck pain (VAS-N), visual analog scale-arm pain (VAS-A), and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The CDA cohort demonstrated notable improvements in 6W PROMIS-PF, NDI, VAS-N, and VAS-A. FF VAS-A was better in the CDA cohort. The ACDF cohort demonstrated notable improvements in FF PROMIS-PF, NDI, VAS-N, and VAS-A. The CDA cohort demonstrated notable improvements in all FF PROMs. ∆PROM-6W in PROMIS-PF was greater in the CDA cohort. CONCLUSION Patients with prolonged PSD due to cervical DH demonstrated notable improvements in physical function, disability, pain, and mental health regardless of fusion versus arthroplasty techniques. Accounting for demographic variations, patients undergoing CDA demonstrated a greater magnitude of improvement and superior scores in physical function at the first postoperative follow-up. Rates of clinically tangible improvements in PROMs did not markedly vary by surgical procedure. Patients undergoing CDA may perceive greater early improvements to physical function compared with patients undergoing ACDF for prolonged PSD due to DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Acharya S, Adamová D, Aglieri Rinella G, Aglietta L, Agnello M, Agrawal N, Ahammed Z, Ahmad S, Ahn SU, Ahuja I, Akindinov A, Al-Turany M, Aleksandrov D, Alessandro B, Alfanda HM, Alfaro Molina R, Ali B, Alici A, Alizadehvandchali N, Alkin A, Alme J, Alocco G, Alt T, Altamura AR, Altsybeev I, Alvarado JR, Anaam MN, Andrei C, Andreou N, Andronic A, Andronov E, Anguelov V, Antinori F, Antonioli P, Apadula N, Aphecetche L, Appelshäuser H, Arata C, Arcelli S, Aresti M, Arnaldi R, Arneiro JGMCA, Arsene IC, Arslandok M, Augustinus A, Averbeck R, Azmi MD, Baba H, Badalà A, Bae J, Baek YW, Bai X, Bailhache R, Bailung Y, Bala R, Balbino A, Baldisseri A, Balis B, Banerjee D, Banoo Z, Barile F, Barioglio L, Barlou M, Barman B, Barnaföldi GG, Barnby LS, Barreau E, Barret V, Barreto L, Bartels C, Barth K, Bartsch E, Bastid N, Basu S, Batigne G, Battistini D, Batyunya B, Bauri D, Bazo Alba JL, Bearden IG, Beattie C, Becht P, Behera D, Belikov I, Bell Hechavarria ADC, Bellini F, Bellwied R, Belokurova S, Beltran LGE, Beltran YAV, Bencedi G, Beole S, Berdnikov Y, Berdnikova A, Bergmann L, Besoiu MG, Betev L, Bhaduri PP, Bhasin A, Bhat MA, Bhattacharjee B, Bianchi L, Bianchi N, Bielčík J, Bielčíková J, Bigot AP, Bilandzic A, Biro G, Biswas S, Bize N, Blair JT, Blau D, Blidaru MB, Bluhme N, Blume C, Boca G, Bock F, Bodova T, Boi S, Bok J, Boldizsár L, Bombara M, Bond PM, Bonomi G, Borel H, Borissov A, Borquez Carcamo AG, Bossi H, Botta E, Bouziani YEM, Bratrud L, Braun-Munzinger P, Bregant M, Broz M, Bruno GE, Buckland MD, Budnikov D, Buesching H, Bufalino S, Buhler P, Burmasov N, Buthelezi Z, Bylinkin A, Bysiak SA, Cabanillas Noris JC, Cai M, Caines H, Caliva A, Calvo Villar E, Camacho JMM, Camerini P, Canedo FDM, Cantway SL, Carabas M, Carballo AA, Carnesecchi F, Caron R, Carvalho LAD, Castillo Castellanos J, Catalano F, Cattaruzzi S, Ceballos Sanchez C, Cerri R, Chakaberia I, Chakraborty P, Chandra S, Chapeland S, Chartier M, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S, Cheng T, Cheshkov C, Chibante Barroso V, Chinellato DD, Chizzali ES, Cho J, Cho S, Chochula P, Choudhury D, Christakoglou P, Christensen CH, Christiansen P, Chujo T, Ciacco M, Cicalo C, Ciupek MR, Clai G, Colamaria F, Colburn JS, Colella D, Colocci M, Concas M, Conesa Balbastre G, Conesa Del Valle Z, Contin G, Contreras JG, Coquet ML, Cortese P, Cosentino MR, Costa F, Costanza S, Cot C, Crkovská J, Crochet P, Cruz-Torres R, Cui P, Dainese A, Danisch MC, Danu A, Das P, Das P, Das S, Dash AR, Dash S, De Caro A, de Cataldo G, de Cuveland J, De Falco A, De Gruttola D, De Marco N, De Martin C, De Pasquale S, Deb R, Del Grande R, Dello Stritto L, Deng W, Dhankher P, Di Bari D, Di Mauro A, Diab B, Diaz RA, Dietel T, Ding Y, Ditzel J, Divià R, Dixit DU, Djuvsland Ø, Dmitrieva U, Dobrin A, Dönigus B, Dubinski JM, Dubla A, Dudi S, Dupieux P, Durkac M, Dzalaiova N, Eder TM, Ehlers RJ, Eisenhut F, Ejima R, Elia D, Erazmus B, Ercolessi F, Espagnon B, Eulisse G, Evans D, Evdokimov S, Fabbietti L, Faggin M, Faivre J, Fan F, Fan W, Fantoni A, Fasel M, Feliciello A, Feofilov G, Fernández Téllez A, Ferrandi L, Ferrer MB, Ferrero A, Ferrero C, Ferretti A, Feuillard VJG, Filova V, Finogeev D, Fionda FM, Flatland E, Flor F, Flores AN, Foertsch S, Fokin I, Fokin S, Fragiacomo E, Frajna E, Fuchs U, Funicello N, Furget C, Furs A, Fusayasu T, Gaardhøje JJ, Gagliardi M, Gago AM, Gahlaut T, Galvan CD, Gangadharan DR, Ganoti P, Garabatos C, García Chávez T, Garcia-Solis E, Gargiulo C, Gasik P, Gautam A, Gay Ducati MB, Germain M, Ghimouz A, Ghosh C, Giacalone M, Gioachin G, Giubellino P, Giubilato P, Glaenzer AMC, Glässel P, Glimos E, Goh DJQ, Gonzalez V, Gordeev P, Gorgon M, Goswami K, Gotovac S, Grabski V, Graczykowski LK, Grecka E, Grelli A, Grigoras C, Grigoriev V, Grigoryan S, Grosa F, Grosse-Oetringhaus JF, Grosso R, Grund D, Grunwald NA, Guardiano GG, Guernane R, Guilbaud M, Gulbrandsen K, Gündem T, Gunji T, Guo W, Gupta A, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gwizdziel K, Gyulai L, Hadjidakis C, Haider FU, Haidlova S, Haldar M, Hamagaki H, Hamdi A, Han Y, Hanley BG, Hannigan R, Hansen J, Harris JW, Harton A, Hartung MV, Hassan H, Hatzifotiadou D, Hauer P, Havener LB, Hellbär E, Helstrup H, Hemmer M, Herman T, Herrera Corral G, Herrmann F, Herrmann S, Hetland KF, Heybeck B, Hillemanns H, Hippolyte B, Hoffmann FW, Hofman B, Hong GH, Horst M, Horzyk A, Hou Y, Hristov P, Huhn P, Huhta LM, Humanic TJ, Hutson A, Hutter D, Hwang MC, Ilkaev R, Ilyas H, Inaba M, Innocenti GM, Ippolitov M, Isakov A, Isidori T, Islam MS, Ivanov M, Ivanov M, Ivanov V, Iversen KE, Jablonski M, Jacak B, Jacazio N, Jacobs PM, Jadlovska S, Jadlovsky J, Jaelani S, Jahnke C, Jakubowska MJ, Janik MA, Janson T, Ji S, Jia S, Jimenez AAP, Jonas F, Jones DM, Jowett JM, Jung J, Jung M, Junique A, Jusko A, Kabus MJ, Kaewjai J, Kalinak P, Kalteyer AS, Kalweit A, Karatovic D, Karavichev O, Karavicheva T, Karczmarczyk P, Karpechev E, Kebschull U, Keidel R, Keijdener DLD, Keil M, Ketzer B, Khade SS, Khan AM, Khan S, Khanzadeev A, Kharlov Y, Khatun A, Khuntia A, Khuranova Z, Kileng B, Kim B, Kim C, Kim DJ, Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, Kim M, Kim S, Kim T, Kimura K, Kirsch S, Kisel I, Kiselev S, Kisiel A, Kitowski JP, Klay JL, Klein J, Klein S, Klein-Bösing C, Kleiner M, Klemenz T, Kluge A, Kobdaj C, Kollegger T, Kondratyev A, Kondratyeva N, Konig J, Konigstorfer SA, Konopka PJ, Kornakov G, Korwieser M, Koryciak SD, Kotliarov A, Kovacic N, Kovalenko V, Kowalski M, Kozhuharov V, Králik I, Kravčáková A, Krcal L, Krivda M, Krizek F, Krizkova Gajdosova K, Kroesen M, Krüger M, Krupova DM, Kryshen E, Kučera V, Kuhn C, Kuijer PG, Kumaoka T, Kumar D, Kumar L, Kumar N, Kumar S, Kundu S, Kurashvili P, Kurepin A, Kurepin AB, Kuryakin A, Kushpil S, Kuskov V, Kutyla M, Kweon MJ, Kwon Y, La Pointe SL, La Rocca P, Lakrathok A, Lamanna M, Landou AR, Langoy R, Larionov P, Laudi E, Lautner L, Lavicka R, Lea R, Lee H, Legrand I, Legras G, Lehrbach J, Lelek TM, Lemmon RC, León Monzón I, Lesch MM, Lesser ED, Lévai P, Li X, Liang-Gilman BE, Lien J, Lietava R, Likmeta I, Lim B, Lim SH, Lindenstruth V, Lindner A, Lippmann C, Liu DH, Liu J, Liveraro GSS, Lofnes IM, Loizides C, Lokos S, Lömker J, Loncar P, Lopez X, López Torres E, Lu P, Lugo FV, Luhder JR, Lunardon M, Luparello G, Ma YG, Mager M, Maire A, Majerz EM, Makariev MV, Malaev M, Malfattore G, Malik NM, Malik QW, Malik SK, Malinina L, Mallick D, Mallick N, Mandaglio G, Mandal SK, Manko V, Manso F, Manzari V, Mao Y, Marcjan RW, Margagliotti GV, Margotti A, Marín A, Markert C, Martinengo P, Martínez MI, Martínez García G, Martins MPP, Masciocchi S, Masera M, Masoni A, Massacrier L, Massen O, Mastroserio A, Matonoha O, Mattiazzo S, Matyja A, Mayer C, Mazuecos AL, Mazzaschi F, Mazzilli M, Mdhluli JE, Melikyan Y, Menchaca-Rocha A, Mendez JEM, Meninno E, Menon AS, Meres M, Miake Y, Micheletti L, Mihaylov DL, Mikhaylov K, Miśkowiec D, Modak A, Mohanty B, Khan MM, Molander MA, Monira S, Mordasini C, Moreira De Godoy DA, Morozov I, Morsch A, Mrnjavac T, Muccifora V, Muhuri S, Mulligan JD, Mulliri A, Munhoz MG, Munzer RH, Murakami H, Murray S, Musa L, Musinsky J, Myrcha JW, Naik B, Nambrath AI, Nandi BK, Nania R, Nappi E, Nassirpour AF, Nath A, Nattrass C, Naydenov MN, Neagu A, Negru A, Nekrasova E, Nellen L, Nepeivoda R, Nese S, Neskovic G, Nicassio N, Nielsen BS, Nielsen EG, Nikolaev S, Nikulin S, Nikulin V, Noferini F, Noh S, Nomokonov P, Norman J, Novitzky N, Nowakowski P, Nyanin A, Nystrand J, Oh S, Ohlson A, Okorokov VA, Oleniacz J, Onnerstad A, Oppedisano C, Ortiz Velasquez A, Otwinowski J, Oya M, Oyama K, Pachmayer Y, Padhan S, Pagano D, Paić G, Paisano-Guzmán S, Palasciano A, Panebianco S, Park H, Park H, Park J, Parkkila JE, Patley Y, Paul B, Paulino MMDM, Pei H, Peitzmann T, Peng X, Pennisi M, Perciballi S, Peresunko D, Perez GM, Pestov Y, Petrov V, Petrovici M, Pezzi RP, Piano S, Pikna M, Pillot P, Pinazza O, Pinsky L, Pinto C, Pisano S, Płoskoń M, Planinic M, Pliquett F, Poghosyan MG, Polichtchouk B, Politano S, Poljak N, Pop A, Porteboeuf-Houssais S, Pozdniakov V, Pozos IY, Pradhan KK, Prasad SK, Prasad S, Preghenella R, Prino F, Pruneau CA, Pshenichnov I, Puccio M, Pucillo S, Pugelova Z, Qiu S, Quaglia L, Ragoni S, Rai A, Rakotozafindrabe A, Ramello L, Rami F, Rancien TA, Rasa M, Räsänen SS, Rath R, Rauch MP, Ravasenga I, Read KF, Reckziegel C, Redelbach AR, Redlich K, Reetz CA, Regules-Medel HD, Rehman A, Reidt F, Reme-Ness HA, Rescakova Z, Reygers K, Riabov A, Riabov V, Ricci R, Richter M, Riedel AA, Riegler W, Riffero AG, Ristea C, Rodriguez MV, Rodríguez Cahuantzi M, Rodríguez Ramírez SA, Røed K, Rogalev R, Rogochaya E, Rogoschinski TS, Rohr D, Röhrich D, Rojas PF, Rojas Torres S, Rokita PS, Romanenko G, Ronchetti F, Rosano A, Rosas ED, Roslon K, Rossi A, Roy A, Roy S, Rubini N, Ruggiano D, Rui R, Russek PG, Russo R, Rustamov A, Ryabinkin E, Ryabov Y, Rybicki A, Rytkonen H, Ryu J, Rzesa W, Saarimaki OAM, Sadhu S, Sadovsky S, Saetre J, Šafařík K, Saha P, Saha SK, Saha S, Sahoo B, Sahoo R, Sahoo S, Sahu D, 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Varga Z, Vasileiou M, Vasiliev A, Vázquez Doce O, Vazquez Rueda O, Vechernin V, Vercellin E, Vergara Limón S, Verma R, Vermunt L, Vértesi R, Verweij M, Vickovic L, Vilakazi Z, Villalobos Baillie O, Villani A, Vinogradov A, Virgili T, Virta MMO, Vislavicius V, Vodopyanov A, Volkel B, Völkl MA, Voloshin SA, Volpe G, von Haller B, Vorobyev I, Vozniuk N, Vrláková J, Wan J, Wang C, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wegrzynek A, Weiglhofer FT, Wenzel SC, Wessels JP, Wiechula J, Wikne J, Wilk G, Wilkinson J, Willems GA, Windelband B, Winn M, Wright JR, Wu W, Wu Y, Xu R, Yadav A, Yadav AK, Yamaguchi Y, Yang S, Yano S, Yeats ER, Yin Z, Yoo IK, Yoon JH, Yu H, Yuan S, Yuncu A, Zaccolo V, Zampolli C, Zanone F, Zardoshti N, Zarochentsev A, Závada P, Zaviyalov N, Zhalov M, Zhang B, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Zherebchevskii V, Zhi Y, Zhong C, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zugravel SC, Zurlo N. Emergence of Long-Range Angular Correlations in Low-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:172302. [PMID: 38728735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.172302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This Letter presents the measurement of near-side associated per-trigger yields, denoted ridge yields, from the analysis of angular correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. Long-range ridge yields are extracted for pairs of charged particles with a pseudorapidity difference of 1.4<|Δη|<1.8 and a transverse momentum of 1
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Affiliation(s)
- S Acharya
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Adamová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - G Aglieri Rinella
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Aglietta
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - M Agnello
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Agrawal
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S U Ahn
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ahuja
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Akindinov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Al-Turany
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Aleksandrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - H M Alfanda
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Alfaro Molina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Ali
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Alici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - A Alkin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Alme
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G Alocco
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - T Alt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - I Altsybeev
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J R Alvarado
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M N Anaam
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Andrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - N Andreou
- University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - A Andronic
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - E Andronov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Anguelov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - N Apadula
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - L Aphecetche
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - H Appelshäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Arata
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - S Arcelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Aresti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R Arnaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - I C Arsene
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Arslandok
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Augustinus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Averbeck
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M D Azmi
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - H Baba
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Badalà
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J Bae
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Baek
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - X Bai
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Bailhache
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Bailung
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Bala
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - A Balbino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Baldisseri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - B Balis
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Banerjee
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - Z Banoo
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - F Barile
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | | | - M Barlou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - B Barman
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - G G Barnaföldi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L S Barnby
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - E Barreau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - V Barret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Barreto
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bartels
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Bartsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Bastid
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Basu
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Batigne
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - D Battistini
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Batyunya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Bauri
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - J L Bazo Alba
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - I G Bearden
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Beattie
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - P Becht
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - I Belikov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - F Bellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Belokurova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - Y A V Beltran
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Bencedi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Beole
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Berdnikova
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Bergmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M G Besoiu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Betev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P P Bhaduri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A Bhasin
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | | | - L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Bianchi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Bielčík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielčíková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A P Bigot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Bilandzic
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Biro
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Biswas
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - N Bize
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - J T Blair
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - D Blau
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M B Blidaru
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Bluhme
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Blume
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Boca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Bock
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - T Bodova
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Boi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Bok
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - L Boldizsár
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Bombara
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - P M Bond
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bonomi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Borel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - A Borissov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A G Borquez Carcamo
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bossi
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - E Botta
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Y E M Bouziani
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Bratrud
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P Braun-Munzinger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Bregant
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Broz
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G E Bruno
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M D Buckland
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Budnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Buesching
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Bufalino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - P Buhler
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - N Burmasov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Z Buthelezi
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bylinkin
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Bysiak
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - M Cai
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Caliva
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - E Calvo Villar
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - P Camerini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - F D M Canedo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Cantway
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - M Carabas
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A A Carballo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Carnesecchi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Caron
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - J Castillo Castellanos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - F Catalano
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cattaruzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Ceballos Sanchez
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Cerri
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Chandra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chapeland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Chartier
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Cheng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Cheshkov
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - D D Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - E S Chizzali
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - P Chochula
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Choudhury
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - P Christakoglou
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Christiansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Chujo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ciacco
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Cicalo
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M R Ciupek
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Clai
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J S Colburn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Colella
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M Colocci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Concas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Conesa Balbastre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - G Contin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - J G Contreras
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M L Coquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Cortese
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - F Costa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Costanza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Cot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Crkovská
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Crochet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Cruz-Torres
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Cui
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Dainese
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M C Danisch
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Danu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - P Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - A R Dash
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - A De Caro
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - J de Cuveland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A De Falco
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D De Gruttola
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - C De Martin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - S De Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Deb
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Del Grande
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Dello Stritto
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Deng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Dhankher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - D Di Bari
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Di Mauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Diab
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - R A Diaz
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Dietel
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Ding
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Ditzel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Divià
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D U Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Ø Djuvsland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Dmitrieva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Dobrin
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Dönigus
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - A Dubla
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Dudi
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Dupieux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Durkac
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Dzalaiova
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - T M Eder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - R J Ehlers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - F Eisenhut
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ejima
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - D Elia
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B Erazmus
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - F Ercolessi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Espagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - G Eulisse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Evdokimov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Fabbietti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Faggin
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - J Faivre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Fan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Fan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Fantoni
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Fasel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - G Feofilov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Fernández Téllez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Ferrandi
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Ferrer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ferrero
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - C Ferrero
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - V J G Feuillard
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Filova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Finogeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F M Fionda
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Flatland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Flor
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A N Flores
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - S Foertsch
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - I Fokin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Fokin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Frajna
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - U Fuchs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Funicello
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Furget
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Furs
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - J J Gaardhøje
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - T Gahlaut
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - C D Galvan
- Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | - P Ganoti
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - C Garabatos
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T García Chávez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Garcia-Solis
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Gasik
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gautam
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M B Gay Ducati
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Germain
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A Ghimouz
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - C Ghosh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - G Gioachin
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - P Giubellino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Giubilato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - A M C Glaenzer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Glässel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Glimos
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - D J Q Goh
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - V Gonzalez
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - P Gordeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Gorgon
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Goswami
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Gotovac
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - E Grecka
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A Grelli
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Grigoras
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Grigoriev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Grigoryan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Grosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Grosso
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Grund
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N A Grunwald
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G G Guardiano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - R Guernane
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Guilbaud
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - K Gulbrandsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Gündem
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Gunji
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Guo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - K Gwizdziel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Gyulai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Hadjidakis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F U Haider
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Haidlova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Haldar
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - H Hamagaki
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A Hamdi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Y Han
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Hanley
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - R Hannigan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - J Hansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Harton
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - M V Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Hassan
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - P Hauer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L B Havener
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - E Hellbär
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Helstrup
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Hemmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Herman
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Herrera Corral
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
| | - F Herrmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Herrmann
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - K F Hetland
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Heybeck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Hillemanns
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Hippolyte
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - F W Hoffmann
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Hofman
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - G H Hong
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Horst
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Horzyk
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Y Hou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Hristov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Huhn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L M Huhta
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T J Humanic
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - A Hutson
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - D Hutter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M C Hwang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - R Ilkaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Ilyas
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Inaba
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - G M Innocenti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Ippolitov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Isakov
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Isidori
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M S Islam
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ivanov
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Ivanov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Ivanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - K E Iversen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B Jacak
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - N Jacazio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - P M Jacobs
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Jadlovska
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Jadlovsky
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Jaelani
- National Research and Innovation Agency-BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - C Jahnke
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M A Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Janson
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Ji
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jia
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - A A P Jimenez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Jonas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - D M Jones
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J M Jowett
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Junique
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Jusko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M J Kabus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Kaewjai
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - P Kalinak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A S Kalteyer
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kalweit
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Karatovic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - O Karavichev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Karavicheva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Karpechev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - U Kebschull
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Keidel
- Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
| | - D L D Keijdener
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Keil
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Ketzer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S S Khade
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - A M Khan
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - S Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Khanzadeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Kharlov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Khatun
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - A Khuntia
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Khuranova
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Kileng
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Kim
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kimura
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Kirsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Kiselev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kisiel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - J L Klay
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
| | - J Klein
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - C Klein-Bösing
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Kleiner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Klemenz
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kluge
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Kobdaj
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - T Kollegger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kondratyev
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - N Kondratyeva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Konig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S A Konigstorfer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P J Konopka
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Kornakov
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Korwieser
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Kotliarov
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - N Kovacic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Kovalenko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Kowalski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - V Kozhuharov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I Králik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Kravčáková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L Krcal
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Krivda
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Krizek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | | | - M Kroesen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D M Krupova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Kryshen
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Kučera
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kuhn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - P G Kuijer
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Kumaoka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D Kumar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - L Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Kundu
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Kurashvili
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A B Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kuryakin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Kushpil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - V Kuskov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Kutyla
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M J Kweon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S L La Pointe
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P La Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Lakrathok
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - M Lamanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A R Landou
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R Langoy
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - P Larionov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Lautner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Lavicka
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lea
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - I Legrand
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Legras
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Lehrbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T M Lelek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R C Lemmon
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - M M Lesch
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E D Lesser
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Lévai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - X Li
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - B E Liang-Gilman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - J Lien
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - R Lietava
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - I Likmeta
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - B Lim
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S H Lim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - V Lindenstruth
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Lindner
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Lippmann
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Liu
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G S S Liveraro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - I M Lofnes
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Loizides
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - S Lokos
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Lömker
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P Loncar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - X Lopez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E López Torres
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - P Lu
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - F V Lugo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J R Luhder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Lunardon
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Mager
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Maire
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - E M Majerz
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - M V Makariev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Malaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G Malfattore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - N M Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Q W Malik
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - L Malinina
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Mallick
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - N Mallick
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - G Mandaglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S K Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Manko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Manso
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Y Mao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - G V Margagliotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Margotti
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marín
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Markert
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - P Martinengo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M I Martínez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Martínez García
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | | | - S Masciocchi
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Masera
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Masoni
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Massacrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - O Massen
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A Mastroserio
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - O Matonoha
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Mattiazzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - A Matyja
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - C Mayer
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A L Mazuecos
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Mazzaschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mazzilli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J E Mdhluli
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Y Melikyan
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J E M Mendez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Meninno
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - A S Menon
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Meres
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Y Miake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L Micheletti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D L Mihaylov
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mikhaylov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Miśkowiec
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Modak
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - M Mohisin Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Molander
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Monira
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - I Morozov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Morsch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Mrnjavac
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Muccifora
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Muhuri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - J D Mulligan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Mulliri
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Munhoz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Munzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - S Murray
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Musa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Musinsky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J W Myrcha
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Naik
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A I Nambrath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - B K Nandi
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - R Nania
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Nappi
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A F Nassirpour
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Nath
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M N Naydenov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Neagu
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Negru
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Nekrasova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Nepeivoda
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Nese
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Neskovic
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - B S Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E G Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Nikolaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Noferini
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Noh
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - P Nomokonov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Norman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Novitzky
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - A Nyanin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Nystrand
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Oh
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ohlson
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - V A Okorokov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Oleniacz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - A Ortiz Velasquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Otwinowski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Oya
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Oyama
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Pachmayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Padhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - D Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Paić
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Paisano-Guzmán
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - S Panebianco
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - H Park
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Parkkila
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Patley
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - B Paul
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Peitzmann
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - X Peng
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - M Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S Perciballi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - D Peresunko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G M Perez
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Pestov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Petrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Petrovici
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R P Pezzi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S Piano
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Pikna
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P Pillot
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - O Pinazza
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Pinto
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Płoskoń
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - M Planinic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Pliquett
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M G Poghosyan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - B Polichtchouk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Politano
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Poljak
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Pop
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - V Pozdniakov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Y Pozos
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - K K Pradhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S K Prasad
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - F Prino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C A Pruneau
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - I Pshenichnov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Puccio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pucillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Z Pugelova
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Qiu
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S Ragoni
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - A Rai
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Rakotozafindrabe
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Ramello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - F Rami
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - T A Rancien
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Rasa
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - S S Räsänen
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Rath
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Rauch
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Ravasenga
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - C Reckziegel
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - A R Redelbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Redlich
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C A Reetz
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H D Regules-Medel
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - F Reidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H A Reme-Ness
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Z Rescakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - K Reygers
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Ricci
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Richter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Riedel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W Riegler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A G Riffero
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ristea
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - M V Rodriguez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - K Røed
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Rogalev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Rogochaya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T S Rogoschinski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Rohr
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Röhrich
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P F Rojas
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Rojas Torres
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P S Rokita
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Romanenko
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Ronchetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Rosano
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E D Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Roslon
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rossi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - N Rubini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Ruggiano
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Rui
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - P G Russek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Russo
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Rustamov
- National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - E Ryabinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Ryabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Rybicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - H Rytkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - W Rzesa
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - S Sadhu
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Sadovsky
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Saetre
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Šafařík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Saha
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - S K Saha
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Saha
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - B Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Sahoo
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - D Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P K Sahu
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J Saini
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - K Sajdakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Sakai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M P Salvan
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sambyal
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - D Samitz
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - I Sanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T B Saramela
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Sarma
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - V Sarritzu
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V M Sarti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M H P Sas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Sawan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | | | - J Schambach
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - H S Scheid
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schiaua
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Schicker
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Schlepper
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schmah
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H R Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - M O Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - N V Schmidt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - A R Schmier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - R Schotter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Schröter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Schukraft
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Schweda
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Scioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J E Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | | | | | - M Selina
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Selyuzhenkov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Senyukov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - J J Seo
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Serebryakov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Serkin
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Šerkšnytė
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Sevcenco
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - T J Shaba
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - A Shabetai
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - R Shahoyan
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Shangaraev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - D Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - H Sharma
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sharma
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - U Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - A Shatat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - O Sheibani
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - K Shigaki
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - J Shin
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Shirinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Q Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sibiriak
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - T Siemiarczuk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T F Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Silvermyr
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - R Simeonov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - B Singh
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Singh
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - R Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - V K Singh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - V Singhal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Sinha
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - B Sitar
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Sitta
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - T B Skaali
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Skorodumovs
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Slupecki
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - R J M Snellings
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E H Solheim
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Song
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - C Sonnabend
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J M Sonneveld
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Soramel
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - R Spijkers
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Sputowska
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Staa
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Stachel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Stan
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P J Steffanic
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S F Stiefelmaier
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Stocco
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - I Storehaug
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Stratmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Strazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sturniolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C P Stylianidis
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Suire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - M Sukhanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Suljic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Sultanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Sumberia
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sumowidagdo
- National Research and Innovation Agency-BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I Szarka
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - S F Taghavi
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Taillepied
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Takahashi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - G J Tambave
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - S Tang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - N Tapus
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - M G Tarzila
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G F Tassielli
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Tauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Tejeda Muñoz
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Telesca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Terrevoli
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Thakur
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - D Thomas
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - A Tikhonov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - N Tiltmann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - A R Timmins
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - T Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Toia
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Tokumoto
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Tomohiro
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Topilskaya
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Toppi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - T Tork
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - P V Torres
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V V Torres
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A G Torres Ramos
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Trifiró
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A S Triolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Tripathy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Tripathy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Trogolo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Trubnikov
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - A Tumkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Turrisi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T S Tveter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Ullaland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Ulukutlu
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Uras
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Urioni
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G L Usai
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Vala
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Valle
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L V R van Doremalen
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M van Leeuwen
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C A van Veen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R J G van Weelden
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Vande Vyvre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Vasileiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - A Vasiliev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | | | - V Vechernin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Vercellin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S Vergara Limón
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - L Vermunt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Vértesi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Verweij
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L Vickovic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Z Vilakazi
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O Villalobos Baillie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Villani
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Vinogradov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Virgili
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - V Vislavicius
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Vodopyanov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Volkel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M A Völkl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A Voloshin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - G Volpe
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - B von Haller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Vorobyev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Vozniuk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Vrláková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Wan
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Wegrzynek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F T Weiglhofer
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S C Wenzel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Wessels
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Wiechula
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Wikne
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Wilk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wilkinson
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G A Willems
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - B Windelband
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Winn
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - J R Wright
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - W Wu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Yadav
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A K Yadav
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Yang
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Yano
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - E R Yeats
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Z Yin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - I-K Yoo
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yu
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yuan
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Yuncu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zaccolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Zampolli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Zanone
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Zardoshti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zarochentsev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - P Závada
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Zaviyalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Zhalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Zhang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Zhao
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - V Zherebchevskii
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Zhi
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - C Zhong
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Y Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - N Zurlo
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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6
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Acharya S, Adamová D, Adler A, Aglieri Rinella G, Agnello M, Agrawal N, Ahammed Z, Ahmad S, Ahn SU, Ahuja I, Akindinov A, Al-Turany M, Aleksandrov D, Alessandro B, Alfanda HM, Alfaro Molina R, Ali B, Alici A, Alizadehvandchali N, Alkin A, Alme J, Alocco G, Alt T, Altamura AR, Altsybeev I, Alvarado JR, Anaam MN, Andrei C, Andronic A, Anguelov V, Antinori F, Antonioli P, Apadula N, Aphecetche L, Appelshäuser H, Arata C, Arcelli S, Aresti M, Arnaldi R, Arneiro JGMCA, Arsene IC, Arslandok M, Augustinus A, Averbeck R, Azmi MD, Baba H, Badalà A, Bae J, Baek YW, Bai X, Bailhache R, Bailung Y, Balbino A, Baldisseri A, Balis B, Banerjee D, Banoo Z, Barbera R, Barile F, Barioglio L, Barlou M, Barnaföldi GG, Barnby LS, Barret V, Barreto L, Bartels C, Barth K, Bartsch E, Bastid N, Basu S, Batigne G, Battistini D, Batyunya B, Bauri D, Bazo Alba JL, Bearden IG, Beattie C, Becht P, Behera D, Belikov I, Bell Hechavarria ADC, Bellini F, Bellwied R, Belokurova S, Bencedi G, Beole S, Bercuci A, Berdnikov Y, Berdnikova A, Bergmann L, Besoiu MG, Betev L, Bhaduri PP, Bhasin A, Bhat MA, Bhattacharjee B, Bianchi L, Bianchi N, Bielčík J, Bielčíková J, Biernat J, Bigot AP, Bilandzic A, Biro G, Biswas S, Bize N, Blair JT, Blau D, Blidaru MB, Bluhme N, Blume C, Boca G, Bock F, Bodova T, Bogdanov A, Boi S, Bok J, Boldizsár L, Bombara M, Bond PM, Bonomi G, Borel H, Borissov A, Borquez Carcamo AG, Bossi H, Botta E, Bouziani YEM, Bratrud L, Braun-Munzinger P, Bregant M, Broz M, Bruno GE, Buckland MD, Budnikov D, Buesching H, Bufalino S, Buhler P, Burmasov N, Buthelezi Z, Bylinkin A, Bysiak SA, Cai M, Caines H, Caliva A, Calvo Villar E, Camacho JMM, Camerini P, Canedo FDM, Cantway SL, Carabas M, Carballo AA, Carnesecchi F, Caron R, Carvalho LAD, Castillo Castellanos J, Catalano F, Ceballos Sanchez C, Chakaberia I, Chakraborty P, Chandra S, Chapeland S, Chartier M, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S, Cheng T, Cheshkov C, Cheynis B, Chibante Barroso V, Chinellato DD, Chizzali ES, Cho J, Cho S, Chochula P, Christakoglou P, Christensen CH, Christiansen P, Chujo T, Ciacco M, Cicalo C, Cindolo F, Ciupek MR, Clai G, Colamaria F, Colburn JS, Colella D, Colocci M, Concas M, Conesa Balbastre G, Conesa Del Valle Z, Contin G, Contreras JG, Coquet ML, Cortese P, Cosentino MR, Costa F, Costanza S, Cot C, Crkovská J, Crochet P, Cruz-Torres R, Cui P, Dainese A, Danisch MC, Danu A, Das P, Das P, Das S, Dash AR, Dash S, De Caro A, de Cataldo G, de Cuveland J, De Falco A, De Gruttola D, De Marco N, De Martin C, De Pasquale S, Deb R, Deb S, Del Grande R, Dello Stritto L, Deng W, Dhankher P, Di Bari D, Di Mauro A, Diab B, Diaz RA, Dietel T, Ding Y, Divià R, Dixit DU, Djuvsland Ø, Dmitrieva U, Dobrin A, Dönigus B, Dubinski JM, Dubla A, Dudi S, Dupieux P, Durkac M, Dzalaiova N, Eder TM, Ehlers RJ, Eisenhut F, Ejima R, Elia D, Erazmus B, Ercolessi F, Erhardt F, Ersdal MR, Espagnon B, Eulisse G, Evans D, Evdokimov S, Fabbietti L, Faggin M, Faivre J, Fan F, Fan W, Fantoni A, Fasel M, Fecchio P, Feliciello A, Feofilov G, Fernández Téllez A, Ferrandi L, Ferrer MB, Ferrero A, Ferrero C, Ferretti A, Feuillard VJG, Filova V, Finogeev D, Fionda FM, Flor F, Flores AN, Foertsch S, Fokin I, Fokin S, Fragiacomo E, Frajna E, Fuchs U, Funicello N, Furget C, Furs A, Fusayasu T, Gaardhøje JJ, Gagliardi M, Gago AM, Gahlaut T, Galvan CD, Gangadharan DR, Ganoti P, Garabatos C, Garcia AT, García Chávez T, Garcia-Solis E, Gargiulo C, Garner K, Gasik P, Gautam A, Gay Ducati MB, Germain M, Ghimouz A, Ghosh C, Giacalone M, Giubellino P, Giubilato P, Glaenzer AMC, Glässel P, Glimos E, Goh DJQ, Gonzalez V, Gorgon M, Goswami K, Gotovac S, Grabski V, Graczykowski LK, Grecka E, Grelli A, Grigoras C, Grigoriev V, Grigoryan S, Grosa F, Grosse-Oetringhaus JF, Grosso R, Grund D, Guardiano GG, Guernane R, Guilbaud M, Gulbrandsen K, Gündem T, Gunji T, Guo W, Gupta A, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gwizdziel K, Gyulai L, Habib MK, Hadjidakis C, Haider FU, Hamagaki H, Hamdi A, Hamid M, Han Y, Hanley BG, Hannigan R, Hansen J, Haque MR, Harris JW, Harton A, Hassan H, Hatzifotiadou D, Hauer P, Havener LB, Heckel ST, Hellbär E, Helstrup H, Hemmer M, Herman T, Herrera Corral G, Herrmann F, Herrmann S, Hetland KF, Heybeck B, Hillemanns H, Hippolyte B, Hoffmann FW, Hofman B, Hohlweger B, Hong GH, Horst M, Horzyk A, Hou Y, Hristov P, Hughes C, Huhn P, Huhta LM, Humanic TJ, Hutson A, Hutter D, Ilkaev R, Ilyas H, Inaba M, Innocenti GM, Ippolitov M, Isakov A, Isidori T, Islam MS, Ivanov M, Ivanov M, Ivanov V, Iversen KE, Jablonski M, Jacak B, Jacazio N, Jacobs PM, Jadlovska S, Jadlovsky J, Jaelani S, Jahnke C, Jakubowska MJ, Janik MA, Janson T, Jercic M, Ji S, Jia S, Jimenez AAP, Jonas F, Jones DM, Jowett JM, Jung J, Jung M, Junique A, Jusko A, Kabus MJ, Kaewjai J, Kalinak P, Kalteyer AS, Kalweit A, Kaplin V, Karasu Uysal A, Karatovic D, Karavichev O, Karavicheva T, Karczmarczyk P, Karpechev E, Kebschull U, Keidel R, Keijdener DLD, Keil M, Ketzer B, Khade SS, Khan AM, Khan S, Khanzadeev A, Kharlov Y, Khatun A, Khuntia A, Kidson MB, Kileng B, Kim B, Kim C, Kim DJ, Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim J, Kim J, Kim M, Kim S, Kim T, Kimura K, Kirsch S, Kisel I, Kiselev S, Kisiel A, Kitowski JP, Klay JL, Klein J, Klein S, Klein-Bösing C, Kleiner M, Klemenz T, Kluge A, Knospe AG, Kobdaj C, Kollegger T, Kondratyev A, Kondratyeva N, Kondratyuk E, Konig J, Konigstorfer SA, Konopka PJ, Kornakov G, Korwieser M, Koryciak SD, Kotliarov A, Kovalenko V, Kowalski M, Kozhuharov V, Králik I, Kravčáková A, Krcal L, Krivda M, Krizek F, Krizkova Gajdosova K, Kroesen M, Krüger M, Krupova DM, Kryshen E, Kučera V, Kuhn C, Kuijer PG, Kumaoka T, Kumar D, Kumar L, Kumar N, Kumar S, Kundu S, Kurashvili P, Kurepin A, Kurepin AB, Kuryakin A, Kushpil S, Kweon MJ, Kwon Y, La Pointe SL, La Rocca P, Lakrathok A, Lamanna M, Landou AR, Langoy R, Larionov P, Laudi E, Lautner L, Lavicka R, Lea R, Lee H, Legrand I, Legras G, Lehrbach J, Lelek TM, Lemmon RC, León Monzón I, Lesch MM, Lesser ED, Lévai P, Li X, Li XL, Lien J, Lietava R, Likmeta I, Lim B, Lim SH, Lindenstruth V, Lindner A, Lippmann C, Liu A, Liu DH, Liu J, Liveraro GSS, Lofnes IM, Loizides C, Lokos S, Lomker J, Loncar P, Lopez JA, Lopez X, López Torres E, Lu P, Luhder JR, Lunardon M, Luparello G, Ma YG, Mager M, Maire A, Majerz EM, Makariev MV, Malaev M, Malfattore G, Malik NM, Malik QW, Malik SK, Malinina L, Mallick D, Mallick N, Mandaglio G, Mandal SK, Manko V, Manso F, Manzari V, Mao Y, Marcjan RW, Margagliotti GV, Margotti A, Marín A, Markert C, Martinengo P, Martínez MI, Martínez García G, Martins MPP, Masciocchi S, Masera M, Masoni A, Massacrier L, Mastroserio A, Matonoha O, Mattiazzo S, Matuoka PFT, Matyja A, Mayer C, Mazuecos AL, Mazzaschi F, Mazzilli M, Mdhluli JE, Mechler AF, Melikyan Y, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meninno E, Menon AS, Meres M, Mhlanga S, Miake Y, Micheletti L, Migliorin LC, Mihaylov DL, Mikhaylov K, Mishra AN, Miśkowiec D, Modak A, Mohanty AP, Mohanty B, Mohisin Khan M, Molander MA, Monira S, Moravcova Z, Mordasini C, Moreira De Godoy DA, Morozov I, Morsch A, Mrnjavac T, Muccifora V, Muhuri S, Mulligan JD, Mulliri A, Munhoz MG, Munzer RH, Murakami H, Murray S, Musa L, Musinsky J, Myrcha JW, Naik B, Nambrath AI, Nandi BK, Nania R, Nappi E, Nassirpour AF, Nath A, Nattrass C, Naydenov MN, Neagu A, Negru A, Nellen L, Nepeivoda R, Nese S, Neskovic G, Nielsen BS, Nielsen EG, Nikolaev S, Nikulin S, Nikulin V, Noferini F, Noh S, Nomokonov P, Norman J, Novitzky N, Nowakowski P, Nyanin A, Nystrand J, Ogino M, Oh S, Ohlson A, Okorokov VA, Oleniacz J, Oliveira Da Silva AC, Oliver MH, Onnerstad A, Oppedisano C, Ortiz Velasquez A, Otwinowski J, Oya M, Oyama K, Pachmayer Y, Padhan S, Pagano D, Paić G, Paisano-Guzmán S, Palasciano A, Panebianco S, Park H, Park H, Park J, Parkkila JE, Patley Y, Patra RN, Paul B, Pei H, Peitzmann T, Peng X, Pennisi M, Peresunko D, Perez GM, Pestov Y, Petrov V, Petrovici M, Pezzi RP, Piano S, Pikna M, Pillot P, Pinazza O, Pinsky L, Pinto C, Pisano S, Płoskoń M, Planinic M, Pliquett F, Poghosyan MG, Polichtchouk B, 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Doce O, Vazquez Rueda O, Vechernin V, Vercellin E, Vergara Limón S, Verma R, Vermunt L, Vértesi R, Verweij M, Vickovic L, Vilakazi Z, Villalobos Baillie O, Villani A, Vino G, Vinogradov A, Virgili T, Virta MMO, Vislavicius V, Vodopyanov A, Volkel B, Völkl MA, Voloshin K, Voloshin SA, Volpe G, von Haller B, Vorobyev I, Vozniuk N, Vrláková J, Wan J, Wang C, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wegrzynek A, Weiglhofer FT, Wenzel SC, Wessels JP, Wiechula J, Wikne J, Wilk G, Wilkinson J, Willems GA, Windelband B, Winn M, Wright JR, Wu W, Wu Y, Xu R, Yadav A, Yadav AK, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi Y, Yang S, Yano S, Yin Z, Yoo IK, Yoon JH, Yu H, Yuan S, Yuncu A, Zaccolo V, Zampolli C, Zanone F, Zardoshti N, Zarochentsev A, Závada P, Zaviyalov N, Zhalov M, Zhang B, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Zherebchevskii V, Zhi Y, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zugravel SC, Zurlo N. First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:162302. [PMID: 38701458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.162302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1 GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Acharya
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Adamová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A Adler
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Aglieri Rinella
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Agnello
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Agrawal
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S U Ahn
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ahuja
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Akindinov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Al-Turany
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Aleksandrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - H M Alfanda
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Alfaro Molina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Ali
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Alici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - A Alkin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Alme
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G Alocco
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - T Alt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - I Altsybeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J R Alvarado
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M N Anaam
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Andrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Andronic
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - V Anguelov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - N Apadula
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - L Aphecetche
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - H Appelshäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Arata
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - S Arcelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Aresti
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R Arnaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - I C Arsene
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Arslandok
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Augustinus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Averbeck
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M D Azmi
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - H Baba
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Badalà
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J Bae
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Baek
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - X Bai
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Bailhache
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Bailung
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - A Balbino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Baldisseri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - B Balis
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Banerjee
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - Z Banoo
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Barbera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - F Barile
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - L Barioglio
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Barlou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - G G Barnaföldi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L S Barnby
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - V Barret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Barreto
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bartels
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Bartsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Bastid
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Basu
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Batigne
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - D Battistini
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Batyunya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Bauri
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - J L Bazo Alba
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - I G Bearden
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Beattie
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - P Becht
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - I Belikov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - F Bellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Belokurova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G Bencedi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Beole
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bercuci
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Berdnikova
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Bergmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M G Besoiu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Betev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P P Bhaduri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A Bhasin
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | | | - L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Bianchi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Bielčík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielčíková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - J Biernat
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A P Bigot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Bilandzic
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Biro
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Biswas
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - N Bize
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - J T Blair
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - D Blau
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M B Blidaru
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Bluhme
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Blume
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Boca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Bock
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - T Bodova
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Bogdanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Boi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Bok
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - L Boldizsár
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Bombara
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - P M Bond
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bonomi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Borel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - A Borissov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A G Borquez Carcamo
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bossi
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - E Botta
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Y E M Bouziani
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Bratrud
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P Braun-Munzinger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Bregant
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Broz
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G E Bruno
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M D Buckland
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Budnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Buesching
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Bufalino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - P Buhler
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - N Burmasov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Z Buthelezi
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bylinkin
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Bysiak
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Cai
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Caliva
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - E Calvo Villar
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - P Camerini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - F D M Canedo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Cantway
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - M Carabas
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A A Carballo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Carnesecchi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Caron
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - J Castillo Castellanos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - F Catalano
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Ceballos Sanchez
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Chandra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chapeland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Chartier
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Cheng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Cheshkov
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Cheynis
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - D D Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - E S Chizzali
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - P Chochula
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Christakoglou
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Christiansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Chujo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ciacco
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Cicalo
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M R Ciupek
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Clai
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J S Colburn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Colella
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M Colocci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Concas
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Conesa Balbastre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - G Contin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - J G Contreras
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M L Coquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Cortese
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - F Costa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Costanza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Cot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Crkovská
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Crochet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Cruz-Torres
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Cui
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Dainese
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M C Danisch
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Danu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - P Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - A R Dash
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - A De Caro
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - J de Cuveland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A De Falco
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D De Gruttola
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - C De Martin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - S De Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Deb
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Deb
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Del Grande
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Dello Stritto
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - W Deng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Dhankher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - D Di Bari
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Di Mauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Diab
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - R A Diaz
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Dietel
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Ding
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Divià
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D U Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Ø Djuvsland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Dmitrieva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Dobrin
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Dönigus
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - A Dubla
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Dudi
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Dupieux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Durkac
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Dzalaiova
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - T M Eder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - R J Ehlers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - F Eisenhut
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ejima
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - D Elia
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B Erazmus
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - F Ercolessi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Erhardt
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M R Ersdal
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Espagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - G Eulisse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Evdokimov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Fabbietti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Faggin
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - J Faivre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Fan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Fan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Fantoni
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Fasel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - P Fecchio
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | | | - G Feofilov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Fernández Téllez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Ferrandi
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Ferrer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ferrero
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - C Ferrero
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - V J G Feuillard
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Filova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Finogeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F M Fionda
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Flor
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A N Flores
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - S Foertsch
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - I Fokin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Fokin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Frajna
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - U Fuchs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Funicello
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Furget
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Furs
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - J J Gaardhøje
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - T Gahlaut
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - C D Galvan
- Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - P Ganoti
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - C Garabatos
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A T Garcia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - T García Chávez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Garcia-Solis
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Garner
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - P Gasik
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gautam
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M B Gay Ducati
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Germain
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A Ghimouz
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - C Ghosh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Giacalone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Giubellino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Giubilato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - A M C Glaenzer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Glässel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Glimos
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - D J Q Goh
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - V Gonzalez
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - M Gorgon
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Goswami
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Gotovac
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - E Grecka
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A Grelli
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Grigoras
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Grigoriev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Grigoryan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Grosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Grosso
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Grund
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G G Guardiano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - R Guernane
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Guilbaud
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - K Gulbrandsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Gündem
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Gunji
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Guo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - K Gwizdziel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Gyulai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M K Habib
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hadjidakis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F U Haider
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - H Hamagaki
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A Hamdi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - M Hamid
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Han
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Hanley
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - R Hannigan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - J Hansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - M R Haque
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Harton
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - H Hassan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - P Hauer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L B Havener
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - S T Heckel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Hellbär
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Helstrup
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Hemmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Herman
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Herrera Corral
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
| | - F Herrmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Herrmann
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - K F Hetland
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Heybeck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Hillemanns
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Hippolyte
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - F W Hoffmann
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Hofman
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Hohlweger
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G H Hong
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Horst
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Horzyk
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Y Hou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Hristov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Hughes
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - P Huhn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L M Huhta
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T J Humanic
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - A Hutson
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - D Hutter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ilkaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Ilyas
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Inaba
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - G M Innocenti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Ippolitov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Isakov
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - T Isidori
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M S Islam
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ivanov
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Ivanov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Ivanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - K E Iversen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B Jacak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - N Jacazio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - P M Jacobs
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Jadlovska
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Jadlovsky
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Jaelani
- National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - C Jahnke
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - M A Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Janson
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Jercic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Ji
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jia
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - A A P Jimenez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Jonas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - D M Jones
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J M Jowett
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Junique
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Jusko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M J Kabus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Kaewjai
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - P Kalinak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A S Kalteyer
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kalweit
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Kaplin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - D Karatovic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - O Karavichev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Karavicheva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Karpechev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - U Kebschull
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Keidel
- Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
| | - D L D Keijdener
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Keil
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Ketzer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S S Khade
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - A M Khan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - S Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Khanzadeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Kharlov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Khatun
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - A Khuntia
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M B Kidson
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Kileng
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Kim
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kimura
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Kirsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Kiselev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kisiel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - J L Klay
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
| | - J Klein
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - C Klein-Bösing
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Kleiner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Klemenz
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kluge
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A G Knospe
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Kobdaj
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - T Kollegger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kondratyev
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - N Kondratyeva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Kondratyuk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Konig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S A Konigstorfer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P J Konopka
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Kornakov
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Korwieser
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Kotliarov
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - V Kovalenko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Kowalski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - V Kozhuharov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I Králik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Kravčáková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L Krcal
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Krivda
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Krizek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | | | - M Kroesen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D M Krupova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Kryshen
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Kučera
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kuhn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - P G Kuijer
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Kumaoka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D Kumar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - L Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Kundu
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Kurashvili
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A B Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kuryakin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Kushpil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - M J Kweon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S L La Pointe
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P La Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Lakrathok
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - M Lamanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A R Landou
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R Langoy
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - P Larionov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Lautner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Lavicka
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lea
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - I Legrand
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Legras
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Lehrbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T M Lelek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R C Lemmon
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - M M Lesch
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E D Lesser
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Lévai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - X Li
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - X L Li
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Lien
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - R Lietava
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - I Likmeta
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - B Lim
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S H Lim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - V Lindenstruth
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Lindner
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Lippmann
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - D H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Liu
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G S S Liveraro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - I M Lofnes
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Loizides
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - S Lokos
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Lomker
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P Loncar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - J A Lopez
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Lopez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E López Torres
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - P Lu
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J R Luhder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Lunardon
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Mager
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Maire
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - E M Majerz
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - M V Makariev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Malaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G Malfattore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - N M Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Q W Malik
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - L Malinina
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - N Mallick
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - G Mandaglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S K Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Manko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Manso
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Y Mao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - G V Margagliotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Margotti
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marín
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Markert
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - P Martinengo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M I Martínez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Martínez García
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | | | - S Masciocchi
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Masera
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Masoni
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Massacrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A Mastroserio
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - O Matonoha
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Mattiazzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - A Matyja
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - C Mayer
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A L Mazuecos
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Mazzaschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mazzilli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J E Mdhluli
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A F Mechler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Melikyan
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Meninno
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - A S Menon
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Meres
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - S Mhlanga
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Miake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L Micheletti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L C Migliorin
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D L Mihaylov
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mikhaylov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A N Mishra
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Miśkowiec
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Modak
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - A P Mohanty
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - M Mohisin Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Molander
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Monira
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Moravcova
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - I Morozov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Morsch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Mrnjavac
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Muccifora
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Muhuri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - J D Mulligan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Mulliri
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Munhoz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Munzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - S Murray
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Musa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Musinsky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J W Myrcha
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Naik
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A I Nambrath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - B K Nandi
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - R Nania
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Nappi
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A F Nassirpour
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Nath
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M N Naydenov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Neagu
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Negru
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Nepeivoda
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Nese
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Neskovic
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B S Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E G Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Nikolaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Noferini
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Noh
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - P Nomokonov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Norman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - A Nyanin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Nystrand
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Ogino
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Oh
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ohlson
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - V A Okorokov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Oleniacz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - M H Oliver
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | - A Ortiz Velasquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Otwinowski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Oya
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Oyama
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Pachmayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Padhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - D Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Paić
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Paisano-Guzmán
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - S Panebianco
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - H Park
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Parkkila
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Patley
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - R N Patra
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - B Paul
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Peitzmann
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - X Peng
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - M Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - D Peresunko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G M Perez
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Pestov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Petrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Petrovici
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R P Pezzi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S Piano
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Pikna
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P Pillot
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - O Pinazza
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Pinto
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Płoskoń
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - M Planinic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Pliquett
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M G Poghosyan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - B Polichtchouk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Politano
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Poljak
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Pop
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - V Pozdniakov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Y Pozos
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - K K Pradhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S K Prasad
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - F Prino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C A Pruneau
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - I Pshenichnov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Puccio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pucillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Z Pugelova
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Qiu
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - R E Quishpe
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Ragoni
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - A Rakotozafindrabe
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Ramello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - F Rami
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - T A Rancien
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Rasa
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - S S Räsänen
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Rath
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Rauch
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Ravasenga
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - C Reckziegel
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - A R Redelbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Redlich
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C A Reetz
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H D Regules-Medel
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - F Reidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H A Reme-Ness
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Z Rescakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - K Reygers
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Ricci
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Richter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Riedel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W Riegler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Ristea
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - M V Rodriguez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - K Røed
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Rogalev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Rogochaya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T S Rogoschinski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Rohr
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Röhrich
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P F Rojas
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Rojas Torres
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P S Rokita
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Romanenko
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Ronchetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Rosano
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E D Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Roslon
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rossi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - N Rubini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Ruggiano
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Rui
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - P G Russek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Russo
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Rustamov
- National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - E Ryabinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Ryabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Rybicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - H Rytkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - W Rzesa
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - R Sadek
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S Sadhu
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Sadovsky
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Saetre
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Šafařík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Saha
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - S K Saha
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Saha
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - B Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - B Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Sahoo
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - D Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P K Sahu
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J Saini
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - K Sajdakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Sakai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M P Salvan
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sambyal
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - I Sanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T B Saramela
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Sarkar
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - N Sarkar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P Sarma
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - V Sarritzu
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V M Sarti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M H P Sas
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - J Schambach
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - H S Scheid
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schiaua
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Schicker
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schmah
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H R Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M O Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - N V Schmidt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - A R Schmier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - R Schotter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Schröter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Schukraft
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Schweda
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Scioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J E Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | | | | | - M Selina
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Selyuzhenkov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Senyukov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - J J Seo
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Serebryakov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Šerkšnytė
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Sevcenco
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - T J Shaba
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - A Shabetai
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - R Shahoyan
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Shangaraev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Sharma
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - D Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - H Sharma
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sharma
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - U Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - A Shatat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - O Sheibani
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - K Shigaki
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - J Shin
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Shirinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Q Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sibiriak
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - T Siemiarczuk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T F Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Silvermyr
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - R Simeonov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - B Singh
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Singh
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - R Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - V K Singh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - V Singhal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Sinha
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - B Sitar
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Sitta
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - T B Skaali
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Skorodumovs
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Slupecki
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - R J M Snellings
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E H Solheim
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Song
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A Songmoolnak
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - C Sonnabend
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Soramel
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - R Spijkers
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Sputowska
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Staa
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Stachel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Stan
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P J Steffanic
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S F Stiefelmaier
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Stocco
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - I Storehaug
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Stratmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Strazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - C P Stylianidis
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Suire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - M Sukhanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Suljic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Sultanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Sumberia
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sumowidagdo
- National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - S Swain
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - I Szarka
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - S F Taghavi
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Taillepied
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Takahashi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - G J Tambave
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - S Tang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - N Tapus
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - M G Tarzila
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G F Tassielli
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Tauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Tejeda Muñoz
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Telesca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Terrevoli
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Thakur
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - D Thomas
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - A Tikhonov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A R Timmins
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - T Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Toia
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Tokumoto
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Tomohiro
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Topilskaya
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Toppi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - T Tork
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - V V Torres
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A G Torres Ramos
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Trifiró
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A S Triolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Tripathy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Tripathy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Trogolo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Trubnikov
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - A Tumkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Turrisi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T S Tveter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Ullaland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Ulukutlu
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Uras
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Urioni
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G L Usai
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Vala
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Valle
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L V R van Doremalen
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M van Leeuwen
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C A van Veen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R J G van Weelden
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Vande Vyvre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Vasileiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - A Vasiliev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | | | - V Vechernin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Vercellin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S Vergara Limón
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - L Vermunt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Vértesi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Verweij
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L Vickovic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Z Vilakazi
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O Villalobos Baillie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Villani
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Vino
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Vinogradov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Virgili
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - V Vislavicius
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Vodopyanov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Volkel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M A Völkl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Voloshin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S A Voloshin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - G Volpe
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - B von Haller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Vorobyev
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - N Vozniuk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Vrláková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Wan
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Wegrzynek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F T Weiglhofer
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S C Wenzel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Wessels
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Wiechula
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Wikne
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Wilk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wilkinson
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G A Willems
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - B Windelband
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Winn
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - J R Wright
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - W Wu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Yadav
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A K Yadav
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Yalcin
- KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Yang
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Yano
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Z Yin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - I-K Yoo
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yu
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yuan
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Yuncu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zaccolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Zampolli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Zanone
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Zardoshti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zarochentsev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - P Závada
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Zaviyalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Zhalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Zhang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Zhao
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - V Zherebchevskii
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Zhi
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - N Zurlo
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Federico VP, Massel DH, Lopez GD, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Effect of Baseline Veterans RAND-12 Mental Composite Score on Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Cervical Disk Replacement. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:E147-E151. [PMID: 38178315 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of baseline Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12) Mental Composite Score (MCS) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cervical disk replacement (CDR) for herniated disk. BACKGROUND Few studies in spine surgery have evaluated the impact of preoperative VR-12 MCS on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing CDR. METHODS Patients undergoing CDR for herniated disk were separated into 2 cohorts based on the VR-12 MCS standardized mean: VR-12 MCS<50 (worse mental health) and VR-12 MCS≥50 (better mental health). Patient-reported outcome measures of VR-12 MCS, VR-12 Physical Composite Score, Short Form-12 (SF-12) MCS, SF-12 Physical Composite Score, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Neck Pain, VAS Arm Pain, and Neck Disability Index were collected at preoperative and up to 2-year postoperative time points. RESULTS In all, 109 patients were identified, with 50 patients in the worse mental health cohort. The worse mental health cohort reported inferior patient-reported outcome measures in all domains at preoperative, 6-week postoperative, and final postoperative time points. For 6-week postoperative improvement, the worse mental health cohort reported greater improvement for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9. For final postoperative improvement, the worse mental health cohort reported greater improvement in VR-12 MCS and SF-12 MCS. Minimum clinically important difference achievement rates were higher in the worse mental health cohort for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing cervical disk replacement for herniated disk with worse baseline mental health reported inferior clinical outcomes in mental health, physical function, pain, and disability outcomes throughout the postoperative period. Patients with worse baseline mental health demonstrated greater clinically meaningful improvement in mental health. In cervical disk replacement patients, those with worse baseline mental health may report inferior postoperative clinical outcomes but experience greater rates of tangible improvement in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Anwar FN, Roca AM, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Federico VP, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. The influence of preoperative Veterans RAND-12 physical composite score in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion [Retrospective Review]. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 123:36-40. [PMID: 38522109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
No study has evaluated the preoperative impact of Veterans RAND-12 Physical Composite Score (VR-12 PCS) on anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) patients. This study examines its influence on physical function, mental health, pain, and disability outcomes. Two cohorts of ALIF patients with preoperative VR-12 PCS scores were formed using a single-surgeon registry: VR-12 PCS < 30 and VR-12 PCS ≥ 30. Demographics, perioperative characteristics, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected. PROMs of VR-12 PCS/Mental Composite Score (MCS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) PCS/MCS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale-Back/Leg Pain (VAS-BP/LP), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected pre/postoperatively up to 2-years. Demographics, perioperative characteristics, and preoperative PROMs were compared. Intercohort postoperative 6-week/final PROMs and improvements were compared. Of 80 patients, there were 41 in the VR-12 PCS < 30 cohort. Besides VR-12 PCS, VR-12 PCS < 30 patients reported inferior preoperative VR-12 MCS/SF-12 PCS/PROMIS-PF/PHQ-9/ODI scores (p ≤ 0.003, all). At 6-weeks postoperatively, VR-12 PCS < 30 reported inferior VR-12 PCS/SF-12 PCS/PROMIS-PF/PHQ-9 (p ≤ 0.030, all). There was greater improvement up to 6-weeks postoperatively in VR-12 PCS < 30 for VR-12 PCS/MCS and SF-12 PCS (p ≤ 0.020, all). VR-12 PCS < 30 reported superior improvement by final follow-up in VR-12 PCS/SF-12 PCS/PHQ-9 (p ≤ 0.006, all). MCID achievement rates were higher in VR-12 PCS < 30 for PHQ-9 and ODI (p ≤ 0.013, both). VR-12 PCS < 30 patients reported inferior postoperative physical function, mental health, and disability, yet superior magnitude of improvement in physical function and mental health. Rates of clinically meaningful improvement for VR-12 PCS < 30 were greater in mental health and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Jacob KC, Patel MR, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Vanjani NN, Pawlowski H, Prabhu MC, Singh K. Impact of American Society of Anesthesiologists' Classification on Postoperative Satisfaction and Clinical Outcomes Following Lumbar Decompression: Cohort-Matched Analysis. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:E89-E96. [PMID: 37941112 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement, and postoperative satisfaction following minimally invasive lumbar decompression in patients stratified by American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Some guidelines recommend against performing elective procedures for patients with an ASA score of 3 or greater; however, long-term postoperative outcomes are not well described. METHODS Primary, single-level, minimally invasive lumbar decompression procedures were identified. PROMs were administered at preoperative, 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year timepoints and included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function, visual analog scale (VAS) back/leg, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and 12-item short form physical component score. Satisfaction scores were collected postoperatively for VAS back/leg, ODI, and individual ODI subcategories. Patients were grouped (ASA<3, ASA≥3), and propensity scores were matched to control for significant differences. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were compared using χ 2 and the Student's t test. Mean PROMs and postoperative satisfaction were compared at each time point by a 2-sample t test. Postoperative PROM improvement from the preoperative baseline within each cohort was calculated with a paired t test. MCID achievement was determined by comparing ΔPROMs to established thresholds and comparing between groups using simple logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-nine propensity-matched patients were included: 99 ASA<3 and 30 ASA≥3. No significant demographic differences were observed between groups. ASA≥3 patients experienced significantly increased length of stay and postoperative narcotic consumption on surgery day ( P <0.048, all). Mean PROMs and MCID achievement did not differ. The ASA<3 cohort significantly improved from the preoperative baseline for all PROMs at all postoperative time points. ASA<3 patients demonstrated higher levels of postoperative satisfaction at 6 weeks for VAS leg, VAS back, ODI, sleeping, lifting, walking, standing, sex, travel, and at 6 months for VAS back ( P <0.045, all). CONCLUSION ASA≥3 patients may achieve similar long-term clinical outcomes to ASA<3 patients, though they may show poorer short-term satisfaction for disability, leg pain, and back pain, which could be related to differing preoperative expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Jacob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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10
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Federico VP, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. The Surgical Learning Curve for Cervical Disk Replacement. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:E82-E88. [PMID: 37684720 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To characterize an experienced single surgeon learning curve for cervical disk replacement (CDR). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A single surgeon learning curve has not been established for CDR. METHODS Patients undergoing CDR were included. The cumulative sum of operative time was utilized to separate cases into 3 phases: learning, practicing, and mastery. Demographics, perioperative characteristics, complications, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and radiographic outcomes were collected preoperatively and up to 1 year postoperatively. PROs included Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, 12-item Short Form-12 Physical Component Score, 12-item Short Form-12 Mental Component Score, visual analog scale (VAS) arm, VAS neck, Neck Disability Index. Radiographic outcomes included segmental angle/segmental range of motion/C2-C7 range of motion. Minimum clinically important difference achievement was determined through a comparison of previously established values. RESULTS A total of 173 patients were identified, with 14 patients in the learning phase, 42 patients in the practicing phase, and 117 patients in the mastery phase. Mean operative time and mean postoperative day 0 narcotic consumption were significantly higher in the learning phase. The preoperative segmental angle was significantly lower for the learning phase, though these differences were eliminated at the final postoperative time point. Patients in the learning phase reported worse improvement to 6-week postoperative, final postoperative, and worse overall final postoperative VAS Arm scores compared with practicing and mastery phases. CONCLUSIONS For an experienced spine surgeon, the learning phase for CDR was estimated to span 14 patients. During this phase, patients demonstrated longer operative times, higher postoperative narcotic consumption, and worse postoperative VAS Arm scores. Radiographically, no postoperative differences were noted between different phases of mastery. This single surgeon learning curve demonstrates that CDR may be performed safely and with comparable outcomes by experienced spine surgeons despite decreased operative efficiency in the learning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Khosla I, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Kaul A, Wolf JC, Federico VP, Lopez GD, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Prognostic Value in Preoperative Veterans RAND-12 Mental Component Score on Clinical Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Neurospine 2024; 21:361-371. [PMID: 38291749 PMCID: PMC10992641 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2346730.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Veterans RAND 12-item health survey mental composite score (VR-12 MCS) on postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS Retrospective data from a single-surgeon database created 2 cohorts: patients with VR-12 MCS ≥ 50 or VR-12 MCS < 50. Preoperative, 6-week, and final follow-up (FF)- PROMs including VR-12 MCS/physical composite score (PCS), 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12) MCS/PCS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), visual analogue scale (VAS)-back/leg pain (VAS-BP/LP), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected. ∆6-week and ∆FF-PROMs were calculated. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement rates were determined from established cutoffs from the literature. For intercohort comparison, chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables, and Student t-test for continuous variables. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients were included; 25 were in VR-12 MCS < 50. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 17.12 ± 8.43 months. The VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort had worse VR-12 PCS, SF-12 MCS, PROMIS-PF, PHQ-9, VAS-BP, and ODI scores preoperatively (p ≤ 0.014, all), worse VR-12 MCS/PCS, SF-12 MCS, PROMIS-PF, PHQ-9, and ODI scores at 6-week postoperatively (p ≤ 0.039, all), and worse VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, PROMIS-PF, PHQ-9, VAS-BP, VAS-LP, and ODI scores at FF (p ≤ 0.046, all). The VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort showed greater improvement in VR-12 MCS and SF-12 MCS scores at 6 weeks and FF (p ≤ 0.005, all). The VR-12 MCS < 50 cohort experienced greater MCID achievement for VR-12 MCS, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9 (p ≤ 0.006, all). CONCLUSION VR-12 MCS < 50 yielded worse mental health, physical function, pain and disability postoperatively, yet reported greater improvements in magnitude and MCID achievement for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fatima N. Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea M. Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Srinath S. Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keith R. MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omolabake O. Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aayush Kaul
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob C. Wolf
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent P. Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory D. Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arash J. Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Khosla I, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Kaul A, Wolf JC, Federico VP, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Severe Preoperative Disability Is Associated With Greater Mental Health Improvements Following Surgery for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Cohort Matched Analysis. Neurospine 2024; 21:253-260. [PMID: 38317557 PMCID: PMC10992647 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2347080.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate preoperative disability's influence on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). METHODS DS patients who underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively identified from a single-surgeon spine registry. Cohorts based on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) < 41 (milder disability) and ≥ 41 (severe disability) were created. Demographic differences were accounted for with 1:1 propensity score matching. For the matched sample, perioperative and PRO data were additionally collected. PROs assessed included mental health, physical function, pain, and disability. Pre- and up to 2-year postoperative PROs were utilized. Average time to final follow-up was 15.7 ± 8.8 months. Improvements in PROs and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) rates were calculated. Continuous variables were compared through Student t-test and categorical variables were compared through chi-square tests. RESULTS Altogether, 214 patients were included with 77 in the milder disability group. The severe disability group had worse postoperative day (POD) 1 pain scores and longer hospital stays (p ≤ 0.038, both). The severe disability group reported worse outcomes pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.011, all), but had greater average improvement in 12-item Short Form health survey mental composite score (SF-12 MCS), 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), visual analogue scale (VAS)-back, and ODI by 6 weeks (p ≤ 0.037, all) and PHQ-9, VAS-back and ODI by final follow-up (p ≤ 0.015, all). The severe disability cohort was more likely to achieve MCID for SF-12 MCS, PHQ-9, and ODI (p ≤ 0.003, all). CONCLUSION Patients with greater baseline disability report higher POD 1 pain and discharge later than patients with milder disability. While these patients report inferior physical/mental health before and after surgery, they report greater improvements in mental health and disability postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fatima N. Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea M. Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Srinath S. Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aayush Kaul
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob C. Wolf
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent P. Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arash J. Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory D. Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Roca AM, Anwar FN, Khosla I, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Utility of preoperative comorbidity burden on PROMIS outcomes after lumbar decompression: Cohort matched analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 121:23-27. [PMID: 38335824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The influence of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) burden on Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) outcomes following lumbar decompression (LD) is limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate CCI burden impact on PROMIS outcomes. Retrospective review of elective LD excluding revision or surgeries for infectious, malignant, or traumatic reasons. Demographics and PROMIS scores collected preoperatively and postoperatively up to 2 years included: PROMIS-Physical Function (PF)/Sleep Disturbance (SD)/Pain Interference (PI)/Anxiety (A), VR-12 Physical/Mental Health Composite scores (VR-12 PCS/MCS)/Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patients were divided into two groups based on their preoperative CCI score <3 (mild) or ≥4 (moderate to severe). Descriptive statistical analysis and MCID achievement rate calculations were conducted. A total of 182 patients were included: 93 CCI < 3 and 88 CCI ≥ 4. No significant differences were reported across preoperative PROMIS/legacy PROMs or final follow-up (p > 0.05, all). At 6-weeks, VR-12 PCS and ΔPROM scores indicated improved physician function in the CCI < 3 group (p = 0.020 and p = 0.040, respectively). Significant PROMIS-A ΔPROM score at final post-op was noted for CCI < 3 group (p = 0.026). MCID achievement demonstrated no significant differences for PROMIS outcomes and legacy PROMs. Results demonstrated that PROMIS outcomes were not impacted by a greater baseline comorbidity burden. At 6-weeks, the physical function scores were improved for the lower CCI group, and at final reported less anxiety. Our data suggests that comorbidity burden has a limited effect on PROMIS and legacy outcomes in patients undergoing LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Ansari FA, Hassan H, Ramanna L, Gani KM, Singh K, Rawat I, Gupta SK, Kumari S, Bux F. Recycling air conditioner-generated condensate water for microalgal biomass production and carbon dioxide sequestration. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119917. [PMID: 38183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Air conditioners alleviate the discomfort of human beings from heat waves that are consequences of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities. With each passing year, the effects of global warming worsen, increasing the growth of air conditioning industry. Air conditioning units produce substantial amounts of non-nutritive and (generally) neglected condensate water and greenhouse gases. Considering this, the study explored the potential of using air conditioner condensate water (ACW) to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana, producing biomass, and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). The maximum biomass production was obtained in the BG11 medium (1.45 g L-1), followed by ACW-50 (1.3 g L-1). Similarly, the highest chlorophyll-a content was observed in the BG11 medium (11 μg mL-1), followed by ACW-50 (9.11 μg mL-1). The ACW-50 cultures proved to be better adapted to physiological stress (Fv/Fm > 0.5) and can be suitable for achieving maximum biomass with adequate lipid, protein, and carbohydrate production. Moreover, C. sorokiniana demonstrated higher lipid and carbohydrate yields in the ACW-50 medium, while biomass production and protein yields were comparable to the BG11 medium. The lipid, protein, and carbohydrate productivity were 23.43, 32.9, and 23.19 mg L-1 d-1, respectively for ACW-50. Estimation of carbon capture potential through this approach equals to 9.5% of the total emissions which is an added advantage The results indicated that ACW could be effectively utilized for microalgae cultivation, reducing the reliance on freshwater for large-scale microalgal biomass production and reduce the carbon footprints of the air conditioning industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ansari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - H Hassan
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - L Ramanna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - K M Gani
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - K Singh
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - I Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - S K Gupta
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - S Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - F Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P O Box1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Patel MR, Jacob KC, Prabhu MC, Shah VP, Vanjani NN, Pawlowski H, Singh K. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Cervical Disc Replacement for a Workers' Compensation Population in an Ambulatory Surgical Center. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:E37-E42. [PMID: 37853571 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective Cohort. OBJECTIVE To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement outcomes between anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disk replacement (CDR) in the Workers' Compensation (WC) population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No studies to our knowledge have compared PROMs and MCID attainment between ACDF and CDR among patients with WC insurance undergoing surgery in an outpatient ambulatory surgical center (ASC). METHODS WC insurance patients undergoing primary, single/double-level ACDF/CDR in an ASC were identified. Patients were divided into ACDF versus CDR. PROMs were collected at preoperative/6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year timepoints, including PROMIS-PF, SF-12 PCS/MCS, VAS neck/arm, and NDI. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients were included, 51 ACDF/28 CDR. While operative time (56.4 vs. 54.4 min), estimated blood loss (29.2 vs. 25.9 mL), POD0 pain (4.9 vs. 3.8), and POD0 narcotic consumption (21.2 vs. 14.5 oral morphine equivalents) were higher in ACDF patients, none reached statistical significance ( P >0.050, all). One-year arthrodesis rate was 100.0% among ACDF recipients with available imaging (n=36). ACDF cohort improved from preoperative for PROMIS-PF from 12 weeks to 1 year, SF-12 PCS at 6 months, all timepoints for VAS neck/arm, and 12 weeks/6 months for NDI ( P ≤0.044, all). CDR cohort improved from preoperative for PROMIS-PF at 6 months, VAS neck/arm from 12 weeks to 1 year, and NDI at 12 weeks/6 months ( P ≤0.049, all). CDR cohort reported significantly lower VAS neck at 12 weeks/1 year and VAS arm at 12 weeks ( P ≤0.039, all). MCID achievement rates did not differ. CONCLUSION While operative duration/estimated blood loss/acute postoperative pain/narcotic consumption were, on average, higher among ACDF recipients, these were not statistically significant, possibly due to the limited sample size. ACDF and CDR ASC patients generally demonstrated comparable arm pain/disability/physical function/mental health, though neck pain was significantly lower at multiple timepoints among CDR patients. Clinically meaningful PROM improvements were comparable. Larger, multicentered studies are required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav R Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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16
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Anwar FN, Roca AM, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Hartman TJ, Nie JW, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Obesity Does Not Negatively Affect Patient-perceived Outcomes After Cervical Disc Replacement for Disc Herniation. Clin Spine Surg 2024:01933606-990000000-00251. [PMID: 38245814 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after cervical disc replacement (CDR). BACKGROUND BMI may affect PROMs after spine surgery. METHODS Primary CDR recipients for herniated disc(s) with BMI <40 were retrospectively selected from a single-surgeon registry. Cohorts were divided into non-obese (BMI <30) and obese (BMI ≥30). Intercohort in-hospital complication rates were compared through independent samples t tests. Pre/postoperative PROMs were compared between cohorts through multivariable regression accounting for demographic differences. Final follow-up dates between patients averaged 11.8 ± 9.3 months. PROMs assessed included Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale-Neck, Visual Analog Scale-Arm, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Improvements in PROMs were evaluated and compared at each follow-up within cohorts through paired t tests. The magnitude of improvement in PROMs from preoperative baseline at 6-week follow-up (∆PROM-6W) and final follow-up (∆PROM-FF) along with achievement rates of minimum clinically important differences were compared between cohorts through multivariable regression accounting for demographic differences. RESULTS Of 153 patients, 53 patients were noted as obese. Demographic differences included age, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and comorbidity burden scores (P ≤ 0.011, all). No significant variations in in-hospital complications were found. The non-obese cohort demonstrated improvements in all PROMs at 6 weeks and final follow-up periods (P ≤ 0.005, all). The obese cohort demonstrated improvements in all postoperative PROMs besides 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire at 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.015, all). After accounting for age and comorbidity variations, there were no significant intercohort differences in raw PROM scores, ∆PROM-6W, ∆PROM-FF, or minimum clinically important difference achievement rates. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of BMI, patients experience significant improvements in physical function, disability, pain, and mental health after CDR for disc herniation. Patients with obesity do not suffer inferior patient-perceived outcomes after CDR. These findings may help surgeons counsel patients in the preoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Impact of Preoperative Symptom Duration on Patient-reported Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. Clin Spine Surg 2024:01933606-990000000-00252. [PMID: 38245808 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of preoperative symptom duration (PSD) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSpond). BACKGROUND A prolonged duration of preoperative symptoms may implicate inferior long-term outcomes postsurgery. Prior studies of lumbar fusion recipients are limited by the inclusion of heterogeneous populations. METHODS A single-surgeon registry was retrospectively queried for privately insured patients who had undergone primary, elective, single-level MIS-TLIF for DSpond with a recorded symptom start date. Cohorts were formed by PSD: shorter duration (PSD <1 y) or greater duration (GD; PSD ≥1 y). PROMs evaluated included Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function, Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale-Back, Visual Analog Scale-Leg, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The magnitude of PROM (∆PROM) improvement from preoperative baseline to 6 weeks and final follow-up (∆PROM-FF) were compared between cohorts. Intercohort achievement rates of a minimum clinically important difference in each PROM were compared. RESULTS A total of 133 patients included 85 patients with GD cohort. There were no significant differences in pre hoc demographics and perioperative characteristics between cohorts, as well as preoperative, 6-week, or final follow-up PROMs between cohorts. Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvement in all PROMs at 6 weeks and final follow-up (P ≤ 0.049, all). There were no significant intercohort differences demonstrated in minimum clinically important difference achievement rates, ∆PROM-6W, or ∆PROM-FF in any PROM. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the symptom duration before MIS-TLIF for DSpond, patients demonstrate significant improvement in physical function, pain, disability, and mental health. Patients with a GD of preoperative symptoms did not report inferior scores in any PROM domain. Patients with a GD of preoperative symptoms did not suffer inferior rates of clinically meaningful improvement after surgical intervention. These findings should be considered when counseling patients before surgical intervention for DSpond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Does Preoperative Back Pain Impact Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Isthmic Spondylolisthesis? Clin Spine Surg 2024:01933606-990000000-00250. [PMID: 38178316 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE To determine postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS). BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the postoperative clinical trajectory in patients undergoing MIS-TLIF specifically for IS. METHODS Patients were separated into two cohorts based on the previously defined Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back pain (BP) for severe pain: VAS-BP <7 and VAS-BP ≥7. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-physical function (PF), 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Physical/Mental Component Score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, VAS-BP, VAS leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index were collected preoperatively and up to 2-year postoperatively. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated through previously defined thresholds. RESULTS A total of 160 patients were recorded, with 58 patients in the VAS-BP <7 cohort. The VAS-BP <7 cohort demonstrated significant improvement in all PROMs at one or more postoperative time points. The VAS-BP ≥7 demonstrated significant improvement at 3 or more postoperative time points in all PROMs except for SF-12 Mental Component Score. The VAS-BP <7 cohort reported significantly superior preoperative and postoperative PROMs in all domains, except for SF-12 Physical Component Score. The VAS-BP ≥7 cohort had higher MCID achievement rates at one or more time points in multiple PROMs. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing MIS-TLIF for IS demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in PF, mental function, pain, and disability outcomes independent of preoperative severity of BP. Patients with lower preoperative BP demonstrated superior outcomes in PF, mental function, pain, and disability. However, patients with greater preoperative BP achieved higher rates of MCID in mental function, BP, and disability outcomes. Patients with greater severity of preoperative BP undergoing MIS-TLIF for IS may experience greater rates of clinically relevant improvement in mental function, BP, and disability outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Zavras AG, Federico V, Nolte MT, Butler AJ, Dandu N, Munim M, Harper DE, Lopez GD, DeWald CJ, An HS, Singh K, Phillips FM, Colman MW. Risk Factors for Subsidence Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Global Spine J 2024; 14:257-264. [PMID: 35593712 PMCID: PMC10676155 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) may be complicated by subsidence, which can lead to significant morbidity including pain, disc space collapse, neural compression, segmental kyphosis, instability, and vertebral body fracture. This study sought to identify patient and procedural risk factors for subsidence in patients undergoing ALIF. METHODS This study analyzed consecutive patients who underwent ALIF at a single institution with a minimum of 2 years follow-up. Patients were grouped as either Non-Subsidence (NS-ALIF) or Cage Subsidence (CS-ALIF) based on the final postoperative radiograph. Demographic variables, operative characteristics, and radiographic outcomes were evaluated to identify significant predictors on univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS 144 patients (170 levels) were included with an average follow-up of 50.70 ± 28.44 months (4.23 years). The incidence of subsidence was 22.94% (39/170 levels). On univariate statistics, the CS-ALIF group was significantly older (P = .020), had higher BMI (P = .048), worse ASA (P = .001), higher prevalence of comorbid osteoporosis (P < .001), and a more anteriorly placed interbody device (P = .005). On multivariate analysis, anterior cage placement remained the only significant predictor (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14; P = .003). There was a significantly higher rate of subsequent adjacent segment surgery among the CS-ALIF group (P = .035). CONCLUSION Factors contributing to subsidence in ALIF included older age, higher BMI, severe ASA, and osteoporosis, while anterior cage placement remained the only independent predictor on multivariate analysis. Subsidence was associated with a higher rate of subsequent adjacent segment surgery. Surgical technique should optimize placement of the interbody cage and avoid overstuffing the disc space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G. Zavras
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael T. Nolte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J. Butler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navya Dandu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed Munim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel E. Harper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory D. Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Howard S. An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank M. Phillips
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Colman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Anwar FN, Roca AM, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Singh K. Response to the letter to the editor entitled: "Letter: impact of body mass index on PROMIS outcomes following lumbar decompression". Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3961-3962. [PMID: 37843606 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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21
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Anwar FN, Roca AM, Khosla I, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Antibiotic use in spine surgery: A narrative review based in principles of antibiotic stewardship. N Am Spine Soc J 2023; 16:100278. [PMID: 37965567 PMCID: PMC10641566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Background A growing emphasis on antibiotic stewardship has led to extensive literature regarding antibiotic use in spine surgery for surgical prophylaxis and the treatment of spinal infections. Purpose This article aims to review principles of antibiotic stewardship, evidence-based guidelines for surgical prophylaxis and ways to optimize antibiotics use in the treatment of spinal infections. Methods A narrative review of several society guidelines and spine surgery literature was conducted. Results Antibiotic stewardship in spine surgery requires multidisciplinary investment and consistent evaluation of antibiotic use for drug selection, dose, duration, drug-route, and de-escalation. Developing effective surgical prophylaxis regimens is a key strategy in reducing the burden of antibiotic resistance. For treatment of primary spinal infection, the diagnostic work-up is vital in tailoring effective antibiotic therapy. The future of antibiotics in spine surgery will be highly influenced by improving surgical technique and evidence regarding the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of degenerative spinal pathology. Conclusions Incorporating evidence-based guidelines into regular practice will serve to limit the development of resistance while preventing morbidity from spinal infection. Further research should be conducted to provide more evidence for surgical site infection prevention and treatment of spinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N. Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Andrea M. Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Srinath S. Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Vincent P. Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dustin H. Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Arash J. Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Gregory D. Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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22
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Roca AM, Anwar FN, Loya AC, Medakkar SS, Kaul A, Wolf JC, Khosla I, Federico VP, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. The Veterans Rand-12 Physical Composite Score Prognosticates Postoperative Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e756-e764. [PMID: 37821028 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prognostic value of preoperative Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) physical composite score (PCS) on outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS ACDF patients with preoperative VR-12 PCS formed 2 cohorts: VR-12 PCS <35 and VR-12 PCS ≥35. The following patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were gathered preoperatively and postoperatively up to 2 years: VR-12 mental composite score (MCS)/PCS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) PF, 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), visual analog scale (VAS) neck/arm pain, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) PCS/MCS. Comparing PROMs change with established thresholds determined achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Univariate analysis compared demographics, perioperative characteristics, and preoperative PROMs. Multivariable regression analysis compared postoperative PROMs and MCID achievement. RESULTS Of 174 patients, 83 had VR-12 PCS <35. Preoperatively, patients with reduced PF displayed lower patient-reported outcome scores in NDI, PHQ-9, and SF-12 MCS (P ≤ 0.008), but not in VAS arm. At 6 weeks postoperatively, these patients continued to score lower in NDI (P ≤ 0.014) and SF-12 PCS (P ≤ 0.001), among others. By the final check, most scores remained lower (P ≤ 0.002) except for PHQ-9 and VAS arm (P > 0.05). Greater improvements at 6 weeks postoperatively were especially noted in patients with lower initial VR-12 PCS for NDI, PROMIS PF, and SF-12 PCS (P < 0.05). However, by final follow-up, only PROMIS PF showed noteworthy improvement (P = 0.19). Regarding MCID achievement, significant differences were largely absent except in NDI, where patients with reduced PF exhibited more MCID achievement (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS ACDF patients with VR-12 PCS <35 experienced inferior PF, mental health, and disability postoperatively until final follow-up. There were no significant differences in postoperative improvement magnitude and MCID achievement. Results suggest that baseline VR-12 PCS in ACDF patients may indicate poorer PF, mental health, and disability postoperatively. However, VR-12 PCS does not limit extent of postoperative improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandra C Loya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Srinath S Medakkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aayush Kaul
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob C Wolf
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ishan Khosla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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23
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Singh K. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Shutdown Did Not Affect Mental Health Scores in Lumbar Decompression Patients in a Large Metropolitan Region. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:E484-E487. [PMID: 37482633 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shutdown in a large metropolitan area on mental health scores of spine patients undergoing lumbar decompression in the preoperative and early postoperative phases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Global mental health has been demonstrated to be negatively affected by COVID-19 shutdowns. Preoperative mental health affects outcomes in spine patients, and the effect of COVID-19 shutdowns on mental health in this population is unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were retrospectively identified from a single orthopedic spine surgeon registry. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, separated by the date of surgery on or after March 20, 2020, the date of local shutdown due to COVID-19. After division, patients were propensity score matched for age, sex, ethnicity, common comorbidities, body mass index, preoperative visual analog scale back and leg pain scores, and preoperative Oswestry Disability Index. Perioperative characteristics were observed and recorded. Mental health scores, 12-item Short Form Mental Component Score, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire 9 were collected preoperatively, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks and compared between cohorts through Student t tests. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-four patients were identified, with 184 patients remaining after propensity score matching. Of the remaining 184 patients, 119 patients were identified as having surgery within the 2 years before the shutdown ("Pre-Shutdown"), whereas 65 patients had surgery within the 2 years after shutdown ("Post-Shutdown"). There were no significant differences between Pre-Shutdown and Post-Shutdown cohorts with regard to either Short Form Mental Component Score or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at any time period evaluated ( P > 0.050, all). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 shutdown in a large metropolitan area did not affect preoperative or early postoperative mental health in patients undergoing lumbar decompression. However, each cohort was matched for preoperative pain and disability scores, which may have adversely been affected by the shutdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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24
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Jadczak CN, Vanjani NN, Pawlowski H, Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Prabhu MC, Hartman TJ, Nie JW, MacGregor KR, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, Singh K. The Current Status of Awake Endoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e198-e209. [PMID: 37714457 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the use of local anesthesia and/or conscious sedation in endoscopic spine procedures within the past decade. METHODS This systematic review abided by PRISMA guidelines. Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched for post-2011 articles with patients >18 years old, lumbar/cervical percutaneous endoscopic spine procedures using local/awake anesthesia, and patient/surgical outcomes. Reviews, book chapters, single case reports, or small case series (n ≤15 patients) were excluded. Scoring systems of the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and Cochrane Risk of Bias evaluated interventional case series, comparative studies, and randomized control trials, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included, with 4 studies comparing general and local anesthesia. Of 2113 total patients, 1873 patients received local anesthesia. Significant improvements were seen in pain and disability scores. Studies that included MacNab scores showed that 96% of patients rated their postoperative satisfaction as excellent to good. Subanalysis of comparative studies showed a reduced risk of surgical/major medical complications and a slight increased risk for minor medical complications among awake spine patients. Length of stay was shorter for patients receiving local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS The current systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of local anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia among different endoscopic spinal procedures. Although awake spine surgery is associated with a decreased risk of severe complications, lower revision rates, and higher postoperative satisfaction, more robust studies involving larger cohorts of patients are needed to evaluate the true impact of awake spine surgery on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Jadczak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nisheka N Vanjani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hanna Pawlowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elliot D K Cha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Conor P Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael C Prabhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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25
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Shah K, Ghosh J, Patel S, Chowdhuri MB, Jadeja KA, Shukla G, Macwan T, Kumar A, Dolui S, Singh K, Tanna RL, Patel KM, Dey R, Manchanda R, Ramaiya N, Kumar R, Aich S, Yadava N, Purohit S, Gupta MK, Nagora UC, Pathak SK, Atrey PK, Mayya KBK. Author Correction: Role of pinch in Argon impurity transport in ohmic discharges of Aditya-U Tokamak. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19969. [PMID: 37968383 PMCID: PMC10651834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India.
| | - J Ghosh
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - S Patel
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India
| | - M B Chowdhuri
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - K A Jadeja
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Department of Nano Science and Advanced Materials, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | - G Shukla
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Koteshwar, Ahmedabad, 380 005, India
| | - T Macwan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - S Dolui
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - K Singh
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - R L Tanna
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India
| | - K M Patel
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Dey
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Manchanda
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - N Ramaiya
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - S Aich
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - N Yadava
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India
| | - S Purohit
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - M K Gupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - U C Nagora
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - S K Pathak
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - P K Atrey
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - K B K Mayya
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India
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26
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Oyetayo OO, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, MacGregor KR, Zheng E, Anwar FN, Roca AM, Federico VP, Massel DH, Lopez GD, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Effect of baseline veterans RAND-12 physical composite score on postoperative patient-reported outcome measures following lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3531-3537. [PMID: 37688649 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prognostic value of preoperative Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12) Physical Composite Score (PCS) scores on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). METHODS LLIF patients were separated into 2 cohorts based on preoperative VR-12 PCS scores: VR-12 PCS < 30 (lesser physical function) and VR-12 PCS ≥ 30 (greater physical function). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of VR-12 PCS, VR-12 Mental Composite Score (MCS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) PCS, SF-12 MCS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Back Pain (VAS-BP), VAS Leg Pain (VAS-LP), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected at preoperative and up to 2-year postoperative time points. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 16.69 ± 8.53 months. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement was determined by comparing ∆PROM to previously established thresholds. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients were included, with 38 patients with lesser preoperative physical function scores. Patients with lesser physical function reported significantly inferior preoperative PROM scores in all domains, except for SF-12 MCS and VAS-LP. At the 6-week postoperative time point, patients with lesser physical function reported significantly inferior VR-12 PCS, VR-12 MCS, SF-12 PCS, PROMIS-PF, and PHQ-9. At the final postoperative time point, patients with lesser physical function reported significantly inferior VR-12 PCS, VR-12 MCS, PROMIS-PF, PHQ-9, and ODI. Magnitude of 6-week postoperative improvement was significantly higher in the lesser physical function cohort for VR-12 PCS. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing LLIF with worse baseline VR-12 PCS scores reported inferior postoperative physical function, mental health, and disability outcomes. At the final postoperative follow-up, magnitude of postoperative improvement and MCID achievement did not significantly differ. Baseline VR-12 PCS scores may indicate inferior postoperative clinical outcomes in physical function, mental health, and disability in patients undergoing LLIF; however, baseline VR-12 PCS does not limit the magnitude of postoperative improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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27
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Lu AT, Fei Z, Haghani A, Robeck TR, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Lowe R, Yan Q, Zhang J, Vu H, Ablaeva J, Acosta-Rodriguez VA, Adams DM, Almunia J, Aloysius A, Ardehali R, Arneson A, Baker CS, Banks G, Belov K, Bennett NC, Black P, Blumstein DT, Bors EK, Breeze CE, Brooke RT, Brown JL, Carter GG, Caulton A, Cavin JM, Chakrabarti L, Chatzistamou I, Chen H, Cheng K, Chiavellini P, Choi OW, Clarke SM, Cooper LN, Cossette ML, Day J, DeYoung J, DiRocco S, Dold C, Ehmke EE, Emmons CK, Emmrich S, Erbay E, Erlacher-Reid C, Faulkes CG, Ferguson SH, Finno CJ, Flower JE, Gaillard JM, Garde E, Gerber L, Gladyshev VN, Gorbunova V, Goya RG, Grant MJ, Green CB, Hales EN, Hanson MB, Hart DW, Haulena M, Herrick K, Hogan AN, Hogg CJ, Hore TA, Huang T, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Jasinska AJ, Jones G, Jourdain E, Kashpur O, Katcher H, Katsumata E, Kaza V, Kiaris H, Kobor MS, Kordowitzki P, Koski WR, Krützen M, Kwon SB, Larison B, Lee SG, Lehmann M, Lemaitre JF, Levine AJ, Li C, Li X, Lim AR, Lin DTS, Lindemann DM, Little TJ, Macoretta N, Maddox D, Matkin CO, Mattison JA, McClure M, Mergl J, Meudt JJ, Montano GA, Mozhui K, Munshi-South J, Naderi A, Nagy M, Narayan P, Nathanielsz PW, Nguyen NB, Niehrs C, O'Brien JK, O'Tierney Ginn P, Odom DT, Ophir AG, Osborn S, Ostrander EA, Parsons KM, Paul KC, Pellegrini M, Peters KJ, Pedersen AB, Petersen JL, Pietersen DW, Pinho GM, Plassais J, Poganik JR, Prado NA, Reddy P, Rey B, Ritz BR, Robbins J, Rodriguez M, Russell J, Rydkina E, Sailer LL, Salmon AB, Sanghavi A, Schachtschneider KM, Schmitt D, Schmitt T, Schomacher L, Schook LB, Sears KE, Seifert AW, Seluanov A, Shafer ABA, Shanmuganayagam D, Shindyapina AV, Simmons M, Singh K, Sinha I, Slone J, Snell RG, Soltanmaohammadi E, Spangler ML, Spriggs MC, Staggs L, Stedman N, Steinman KJ, Stewart DT, Sugrue VJ, Szladovits B, Takahashi JS, Takasugi M, Teeling EC, Thompson MJ, Van Bonn B, Vernes SC, Villar D, Vinters HV, Wallingford MC, Wang N, Wayne RK, Wilkinson GS, Williams CK, Williams RW, Yang XW, Yao M, Young BG, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Zhao Y, Zhou W, Zimmermann J, Ernst J, Raj K, Horvath S. Author Correction: Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues. Nat Aging 2023; 3:1462. [PMID: 37674040 PMCID: PMC10645586 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Z Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - A Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T R Robeck
- Zoological SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - J A Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Z Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Lowe
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Q Yan
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Vu
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - V A Acosta-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D M Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Almunia
- Loro Parque Fundacion, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain
| | - A Aloysius
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Arneson
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C S Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - G Banks
- School of Science and Technology, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N C Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - P Black
- Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - E K Bors
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - C E Breeze
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R T Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - G G Carter
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Caulton
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J M Cavin
- Gulf World, Dolphin Company, Panama City Beach, FL, USA
| | - L Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Cheng
- Medical Informatics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Chiavellini
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O W Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S M Clarke
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - L N Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - M L Cossette
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Day
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J DeYoung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S DiRocco
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C Dold
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - C K Emmons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Emmrich
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E Erbay
- Altos Labs, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Erlacher-Reid
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S H Ferguson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - J M Gaillard
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Garde
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - L Gerber
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R G Goya
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M J Grant
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E N Hales
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M B Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D W Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - M Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Herrick
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A N Hogan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T A Hore
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - A J Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - O Kashpur
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Katcher
- Yuvan Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - H Kiaris
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Kordowitzki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - W R Koski
- LGL Limited, King City, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Krützen
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S B Kwon
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Larison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S G Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Lehmann
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J F Lemaitre
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A J Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - X Li
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Lim
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T S Lin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - T J Little
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Macoretta
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Maddox
- White Oak Conservation, Yulee, FL, USA
| | - C O Matkin
- North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA
| | - J A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - J Mergl
- Marineland of Canada, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
| | - J J Meudt
- Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G A Montano
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - K Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - A Naderi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Nagy
- Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Narayan
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - N B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J K O'Brien
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P O'Tierney Ginn
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D T Odom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Osborn
- SeaWorld of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - E A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K M Parsons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K J Peters
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A B Pedersen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D W Pietersen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - G M Pinho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J R Poganik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N A Prado
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - P Reddy
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Rey
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - B R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Robbins
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
| | | | - J Russell
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E Rydkina
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L L Sailer
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - K M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D Schmitt
- College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - T Schmitt
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - K E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A B A Shafer
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Shanmuganayagam
- Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - K Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - I Sinha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R G Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Soltanmaohammadi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M L Spangler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - L Staggs
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - K J Steinman
- Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - D T Stewart
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - V J Sugrue
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - J S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Takasugi
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Van Bonn
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S C Vernes
- School of Biology, the University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D Villar
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - H V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M C Wallingford
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C K Williams
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - X W Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B G Young
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J Ernst
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Raj
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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MacGregor KR, Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Poor patient-reported mental health correlates with inferior patient-reported outcome measures following cervical disc replacement. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3511-3519. [PMID: 37704886 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess the correlation between the patient-reported mental health and the self-reported outcome measures (PROMs) physical function, pain, and disability at different time points following disc replacement (CDR). METHODS A single-surgeon registry was searched for patients who had undergone CDR, excluding those with indication for infection, cancer, or trauma. One hundred fifty-one patients were included. PROMs were collected preoperatively as well as 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Mental health measures evaluated included 12-Item Short Form (SF-12), Mental Component Score (MCS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) which were individually assessed via Pearson's correlation tests in relation to Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), SF-12 Physical Component Score (PCS), visual analog scale (VAS) neck and arm pain, and Neck Disability Index (NDI). RESULTS SF-12 MCS positively correlated with PROMIS-PF (range: r = 0.369-0.614) and SF-12 PCS (range: r = 0.208-0.585) with significance found at two or more time points for each (p ≤ 0.009, all). SF-12 MCS negatively correlated with VAS neck (range: r = - 0.259 to - 0.464), VAS arm (range: r = - 0.281 to - 0.567), and NDI (range: r = - 0.474 to - 831) with significance found at three or more time points (p ≤ 0.028, all). PHQ-9 significantly negatively correlated with PROMIS-PF (range: r = - 0.457 to - 0.732) and SF-12 PCS (range: r = - 0.332 to - 0.629) at all time points (p ≤ 0.013, all). PHQ-9 positively correlated with VAS neck (range: r = 0.351-0.711), VAS arm (range: r = 0.239-0.572), and NDI (range: r = 0.602-0.837) at four or more periods (p ≤ 0.032, all). CONCLUSION Patients undergoing CDR who reported lower mental health scores via either SF-12 MCS or PHQ-9 were associated with increased perception of pain and disability. Disability level correlated with mental health at all time periods. Patients with optimized mental health may report higher outcome scores following CDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Singh K, Han C, Fleming JL, McElroy J, Becker A, Bell EH, Manring H, Haque J, Chakravarti A. Oncogenic Activities of Tribbles1 (TRIB1) Pseudokinase Overexpressed in GBM are Mediated by Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S86. [PMID: 37784591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma with a low 5-year survival rate. The current treatments are inadequate and crippled by therapy resistance. Therefore, there is an unmet need to identify druggable therapeutic targets in GBM. In this study we identified TRIB1, a Ser/Thr pseudokinase that acts as a scaffold to initiate Ubiquitin Proteasome System-mediated degradation of its substrates. We and others have found that TRIB1 activates the canonical MAPK and Akt signaling cascades. Previous reports also suggest that TRIB1 contributes to chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. Therefore, we evaluated oncogenic roles of TRIB1 in GBM cells and its contribution to therapy resistance. MATERIALS/METHODS Patient-centered reverse translational approach was utilized to identify novel therapeutic targets. To this end, TRIB1 was identified by statistical association (Cox regression analysis) of the patient-derived gene expression profiling data publicly available from TCGA GBM cohort. TRIB1 was functionally validated in vitro by generating stable overexpression cell lines (patient-derived) by antibiotic selection. Conditional knockdown of TRIB1 was achieved by doxycycline induction. Protein-protein interactions were evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation. Protein levels were detected by western blotting. Changes in tumor volume and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS The mRNA profiling of TCGA GBM cohort revealed that increased TRIB1 gene expression was associated with worse OS of GBM patients [HR = 1.3 (1.0-1.5); P = 0.019]. The same analyses in our institutional cohort revealed a similar association. Mice bearing TRIB1 transgene overexpressing tumors had the increased tumor volume and shorter OS compared to empty vector control at the end of experiment. Overexpression of TRIB1 increased the phosphorylation/activation of ERK and Akt in patient-derived primary cell lines. Akt but not ERK activation was decreased after TRIB1 knockdown. TRIB1 bound directly to ERK and Akt in these cells. TRIB1 also formed a complex with p53, COP1 and HDAC1 in patient-derived primary cell lines. This protein-protein interaction was independent of TP53 mutation status. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TRIB1 overexpressed in GBM executes various oncogenic functions through interaction with different proteins. Activating ERK signaling, can induce cell proliferation. Similarly, by activating Akt it can cause prosurvival effects. Finally, by associating with HDAC1 and COP1, TRIB1 can modulate p53 function. All these protein-protein interactions ultimately contribute to chemoradiotherapy resistance in GBM cells. We are currently developing small molecule inhibitors targeting the above-mentioned interactions of TRIB1 to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - C Han
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J L Fleming
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J McElroy
- The Ohio State University, Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH
| | - A Becker
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - E H Bell
- Administrative Director, Neuroscience Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - H Manring
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J Haque
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - A Chakravarti
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Singh K. Neck Disability Index as a Prognostic Factor for Outcomes Following Cervical Disc Replacement. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:310-316. [PMID: 37053118 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the potential relationship between neck disability index (NDI) and outcomes following cervical disk replacement (CDR). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The use of preoperative disability scores as predictors of outcomes following spine surgery has previously been studied, yet no literature has been published regarding its use in CDR. METHODS A retrospective database of a single orthopedic spine surgeon was searched for single-level CDR patients with preoperative NDI scores, excluding those with trauma, infection, or malignancy. Patients were separated into 2 cohorts by NDI score: Mild-Moderately Disabled (MD) (NDI<50) and Severely Disabled (NDI≥50). Patient-reported outcome measures were collected and compared within and between groups up to 1 year postoperatively and included Patient-reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function, 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) Physical Component Score and Mental Component Score, visual analog scale (VAS) neck and arm pain, and NDI. MCID achievement rates were compared between the groups. RESULTS All PROM scores significantly improved for both cohorts at one or more postoperative time points compared with preoperative baseline ( P ≤0.049, all), with the exception of SF-12 Mental Component Score, which only significantly improved in the MD cohort at 2 postoperative points ( P ≤0.007, both). Between groups, the MD cohort reported significantly superior scores at one or more time points for all studied patient-reported outcome measures ( P ≤0.047, all). MCID achievement rate did not significantly vary for any outcome at any time between cohorts. CONCLUSION Regardless of preoperative disability, both groups reported improvement in physical function, pain, and disability scores following CDR. While not finding significance, patients with severe disability preoperatively consistently demonstrated higher minimal clinically important difference achievement in NDI. These data do not promote the use of NDI as a prognostic factor for outcomes following CDR. Further study with larger patient populations may be useful to clarify this potential relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Shah K, Ghosh J, Patel S, Chowdhuri MB, Jadeja KA, Shukla G, Macwan T, Kumar A, Dolui S, Singh K, Tanna RL, Patel KM, Dey R, Manchanda R, Ramaiya N, Kumar R, Aich S, Yadava N, Purohit S, Gupta MK, Nagora UC, Pathak SK, Atrey PK, Mayya KBK. Role of pinch in Argon impurity transport in ohmic discharges of Aditya-U Tokamak. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16087. [PMID: 37752170 PMCID: PMC10522584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present experimental results of the trace argon impurity puffing in the ohmic plasmas of Aditya-U tokamak performed to study the argon transport behaviour. Argon line emissions in visible and Vacuum Ultra Violet (VUV) spectral ranges arising from the plasma edge and core respectively are measured simultaneously. During the experiments, space resolved brightness profile of Ar1+ line emissions at 472.69 nm (3p44s 2P3/2-3p44p 2D3/2), 473.59 nm (3p44s 4P5/2-3p44p 4P3/2), 476.49 nm (3p44s 2P1/2-3p44p 2P3/2), 480.60 nm (3p44s 4P5/2-3p44p 4P5/2) are recorded using a high resolution visible spectrometer. Also, a VUV spectrometer has been used to simultaneously observe Ar13+ line emission at 18.79 nm (2s22p 2P3/2-2s2p2 2P3/2) and Ar14+ line emission at 22.11 nm (2s2 1S0-2s2p 1P1). The diffusivity and convective velocity of Ar are obtained by comparing the measured radial emissivity profile of Ar1+ emission and the line intensity ratio of Ar13+ and Ar14+ ions, with those simulated using the impurity transport code, STRAHL. Argon diffusivities ~ 12 m2/s and ~ 0.3 m2/s have been observed in the edge (ρ > 0.85) and core region of the Aditya-U, respectively. The diffusivity values both in the edge and core region are found to be higher than the neo-classical values suggesting that the argon impurity transport is mainly anomalous in the Aditya-U tokamak. Also, an inward pinch of ~ 10 m/s mainly driven by Ware pinch is required to match the measured and simulated data. The measured peaked profile of Ar density suggests impurity accumulation in these discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India.
| | - J Ghosh
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - S Patel
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India
| | - M B Chowdhuri
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - K A Jadeja
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Department of Nano Science and Advanced Materials, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | - G Shukla
- ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research, Koteshwar, Ahmedabad, 380 005, India
| | - T Macwan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - S Dolui
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - K Singh
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - R L Tanna
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India
| | - K M Patel
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Dey
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Manchanda
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - N Ramaiya
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - R Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - S Aich
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - N Yadava
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India
| | - S Purohit
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - M K Gupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - U C Nagora
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - S K Pathak
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - P K Atrey
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382 428, India
| | - K B K Mayya
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, 382 007, India
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32
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Lu AT, Fei Z, Haghani A, Robeck TR, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Lowe R, Yan Q, Zhang J, Vu H, Ablaeva J, Acosta-Rodriguez VA, Adams DM, Almunia J, Aloysius A, Ardehali R, Arneson A, Baker CS, Banks G, Belov K, Bennett NC, Black P, Blumstein DT, Bors EK, Breeze CE, Brooke RT, Brown JL, Carter GG, Caulton A, Cavin JM, Chakrabarti L, Chatzistamou I, Chen H, Cheng K, Chiavellini P, Choi OW, Clarke SM, Cooper LN, Cossette ML, Day J, DeYoung J, DiRocco S, Dold C, Ehmke EE, Emmons CK, Emmrich S, Erbay E, Erlacher-Reid C, Faulkes CG, Ferguson SH, Finno CJ, Flower JE, Gaillard JM, Garde E, Gerber L, Gladyshev VN, Gorbunova V, Goya RG, Grant MJ, Green CB, Hales EN, Hanson MB, Hart DW, Haulena M, Herrick K, Hogan AN, Hogg CJ, Hore TA, Huang T, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Jasinska AJ, Jones G, Jourdain E, Kashpur O, Katcher H, Katsumata E, Kaza V, Kiaris H, Kobor MS, Kordowitzki P, Koski WR, Krützen M, Kwon SB, Larison B, Lee SG, Lehmann M, Lemaitre JF, Levine AJ, Li C, Li X, Lim AR, Lin DTS, Lindemann DM, Little TJ, Macoretta N, Maddox D, Matkin CO, Mattison JA, McClure M, Mergl J, Meudt JJ, Montano GA, Mozhui K, Munshi-South J, Naderi A, Nagy M, Narayan P, Nathanielsz PW, Nguyen NB, Niehrs C, O'Brien JK, O'Tierney Ginn P, Odom DT, Ophir AG, Osborn S, Ostrander EA, Parsons KM, Paul KC, Pellegrini M, Peters KJ, Pedersen AB, Petersen JL, Pietersen DW, Pinho GM, Plassais J, Poganik JR, Prado NA, Reddy P, Rey B, Ritz BR, Robbins J, Rodriguez M, Russell J, Rydkina E, Sailer LL, Salmon AB, Sanghavi A, Schachtschneider KM, Schmitt D, Schmitt T, Schomacher L, Schook LB, Sears KE, Seifert AW, Seluanov A, Shafer ABA, Shanmuganayagam D, Shindyapina AV, Simmons M, Singh K, Sinha I, Slone J, Snell RG, Soltanmaohammadi E, Spangler ML, Spriggs MC, Staggs L, Stedman N, Steinman KJ, Stewart DT, Sugrue VJ, Szladovits B, Takahashi JS, Takasugi M, Teeling EC, Thompson MJ, Van Bonn B, Vernes SC, Villar D, Vinters HV, Wallingford MC, Wang N, Wayne RK, Wilkinson GS, Williams CK, Williams RW, Yang XW, Yao M, Young BG, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Zhao Y, Zhou W, Zimmermann J, Ernst J, Raj K, Horvath S. Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues. Nat Aging 2023; 3:1144-1166. [PMID: 37563227 PMCID: PMC10501909 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.96). Age deviations correlate with human mortality risk, mouse somatotropic axis mutations and caloric restriction. We identified specific cytosines with methylation levels that change with age across numerous species. These sites, highly enriched in polycomb repressive complex 2-binding locations, are near genes implicated in mammalian development, cancer, obesity and longevity. Our findings offer new evidence suggesting that aging is evolutionarily conserved and intertwined with developmental processes across all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Z Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - A Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T R Robeck
- Zoological SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - J A Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Z Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Lowe
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Q Yan
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Vu
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - V A Acosta-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D M Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Almunia
- Loro Parque Fundacion, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain
| | - A Aloysius
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Arneson
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C S Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - G Banks
- School of Science and Technology, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N C Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - P Black
- Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - E K Bors
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - C E Breeze
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R T Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - G G Carter
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Caulton
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J M Cavin
- Gulf World, Dolphin Company, Panama City Beach, FL, USA
| | - L Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Cheng
- Medical Informatics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Chiavellini
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O W Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S M Clarke
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - L N Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - M L Cossette
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Day
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J DeYoung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S DiRocco
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C Dold
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - C K Emmons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Emmrich
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E Erbay
- Altos Labs, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Erlacher-Reid
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S H Ferguson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - J M Gaillard
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Garde
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - L Gerber
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R G Goya
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M J Grant
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E N Hales
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M B Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D W Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - M Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Herrick
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A N Hogan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T A Hore
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - A J Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - O Kashpur
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Katcher
- Yuvan Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - H Kiaris
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Kordowitzki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - W R Koski
- LGL Limited, King City, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Krützen
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S B Kwon
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Larison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S G Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Lehmann
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J F Lemaitre
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A J Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - X Li
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Lim
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T S Lin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - T J Little
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Macoretta
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Maddox
- White Oak Conservation, Yulee, FL, USA
| | - C O Matkin
- North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA
| | - J A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - J Mergl
- Marineland of Canada, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
| | - J J Meudt
- Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G A Montano
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - K Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - A Naderi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Nagy
- Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Narayan
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - N B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J K O'Brien
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P O'Tierney Ginn
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D T Odom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Osborn
- SeaWorld of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - E A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K M Parsons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K J Peters
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A B Pedersen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D W Pietersen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - G M Pinho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J R Poganik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N A Prado
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - P Reddy
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Rey
- Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - B R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Robbins
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
| | | | - J Russell
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E Rydkina
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L L Sailer
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - K M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D Schmitt
- College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - T Schmitt
- SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - K E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A B A Shafer
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Shanmuganayagam
- Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - K Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - I Sinha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R G Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Soltanmaohammadi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M L Spangler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - L Staggs
- SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - K J Steinman
- Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - D T Stewart
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - V J Sugrue
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - J S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Takasugi
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Van Bonn
- John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S C Vernes
- School of Biology, the University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D Villar
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - H V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M C Wallingford
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C K Williams
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - X W Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B G Young
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J Ernst
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Raj
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Singh K. The Influence of Workers' Compensation Status on Patient-Reported Outcomes after Cervical Disc Arthroplasty at an Ambulatory Surgical Center. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e657-e664. [PMID: 37054388 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workers' compensation (WC) status tends to negatively affect patient outcomes in spine surgery. This study aims to evaluate the potential effect of WC status on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDR) at an ambulatory surgical center (ASC). METHODS A single-surgeon registry was retrospectively reviewed for patients who had undergone elective CDR at an ASC. Patients with missing insurance data were excluded. Propensity score-matched cohorts were generated by the presence or lack of WC status. PROs were collected preoperatively and at 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, and 1-year time points. PROs included the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), visual analog scale (VAS) neck and arm pain, and Neck Disability Index. PROs were compared within and between groups. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement rates were compared between groups. RESULTS Sixty-three patients were included, with 36 without WC (non-WC) and 27 with WC. The non-WC cohort demonstrated postoperative improvement in all PROs at all time points, with the exception of VAS arm past the 12-week point ( P ≤ 0.030, all). The WC cohort demonstrated postoperative improvement in VAS neck at 12-week, 6-month, and 1-year time points ( P ≤ 0.025, all). The WC cohort improved in VAS arm and Neck Disability Index at the 12-week and 1-year points as well ( P ≤ 0.029, all). The non-WC cohort reported superior PRO scores in every PRO at one or more postoperative time points ( P ≤ 0.046, all). The non-WC cohort demonstrated higher rates of minimum clinically important difference achievement in PROMIS-PF at 12 weeks ( P ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSION Patients with WC status undergoing CDR at an ASC may report inferior pain, function, and disability outcomes compared with those with private or government-provided insurance. Perceived inferior disability in WC patients persisted into the long-term follow-up period (1 year). These findings may aid surgeons in setting realistic preoperative expectations with patients at risk of inferior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Preoperative predictors of prolonged hospitalization in patients undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:2615-2624. [PMID: 37318634 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to examine the preoperative factors associated with increased postoperative length of stay in patients undergoing LLIF in the hospital setting. METHODS Patient demographics, perioperative characteristics, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected from a single-surgeon database. Patients undergoing LLIF in the hospital setting were separated into postoperative LOS <48 h (H) and LOS ≥ 48H. Univariate analysis for preoperative characteristics was utilized to determine covariates for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was then utilized to determine significant predictors of extended postoperative length of stay. Secondary univariate analysis of inpatient complications, operative, and postoperative characteristics were calculated to determine postoperative factors associated with prolonged hospitalization. RESULTS Two-hundred and forty patients were identified with 115 patients' LOS ≥ 48H. Univariate analysis identified age/Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score/gender/insurance type/number of contiguous fused levels/preoperative PROMs of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back/VAS leg/Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-PF)/Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)/degenerative spondylolisthesis diagnoses/foraminal stenosis/central stenosis for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression calculated significant positive predictors of LOS ≥ 48H to be age/3-level fusion/preoperative ODI scores. Negative predictors of LOS ≥ 48H were the diagnosis of foraminal stenosis/preoperative PROMIS-PF/male gender. The secondary analysis determined that patients with longer operative time/estimated blood loss/transfusion/postoperative day 0 and 1 pain and narcotic consumption/complications of altered mental status/postoperative anemia/fever/ileus/urinary retention were associated with prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSION Older patients undergoing LLIF with greater preoperative disability and 3-level fusion were more likely to require prolonged hospitalization. Male patients with higher preoperative physical function and who were diagnosed with foraminal stenosis were less likely to require prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Zavras AG, Dandu N, Espinoza-Orias AA, Singh K, An HS, Inoue N, Colman MW. Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Evaluation of Cervical Endplate Subchondral Bone Mineral Density. Global Spine J 2023; 13:1803-1811. [PMID: 34736350 PMCID: PMC10556913 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic Science. OBJECTIVE Poor subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) has been linked with subsidence of cervical interbody devices or grafts, which are traditionally placed centrally on the endplates. Considering that sBMD reflects long-term stress distributions, we hypothesize that the cervical uncovertebral joints are denser than the central endplate region. This study sought to investigate density distributions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM). METHODS Twelve human cervical spines from C3-C7 (60 vertebrae, 120 endplates) were imaged with CT and segmented to create 3D reconstructions. The superior and inferior endplates were isolated, and the sBMD of the whole endplate, endplate center, and uncus was evaluated using CT-OAM. Density distributions were compared across the subaxial cervical spine. RESULTS The uncinate region of the inferior and superior endplates was significantly denser than the central endplate across all vertebral levels (P < .01). When comparing sBMD of the whole inferior and superior endplates, the superior endplate was significantly denser than the inferior endplate (P < .0001). However, the inferior uncus was denser than the superior uncus (P = .035). When assessing sBMD by vertebral level, peak densities were observed at C4 and C5, while C7 was, on average, significantly less dense than all other vertebrae. CONCLUSION The subchondral bone of the cervical uncovertebral joints is significantly denser than the central endplates. While the superior endplate in its entirety is denser than the inferior endplate, the inverse was true for the uncovertebral joints. This study serves as a basis for future investigations of new implant designs and their implications on subsidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navya Dandu
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kern Singh
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard S. An
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nozomu Inoue
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nie JW, Federico VP, Hartman TJ, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Time to achievement of minimum clinically important difference after lumbar decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:2625-2631. [PMID: 37488399 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine factors associated with delayed time to achieve minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in patients undergoing lumbar decompression (LD) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back, and VAS leg pain. METHODS Patients undergoing LD with preoperative and postoperative ODI, VAS back, and VAS leg scores were retrospectively reviewed from April 2016 to January 2021. MCID values from previously established studies were utilized to determine MCID achievement. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined the time to achieve MCID. Hazard ratios from multivariable Cox regression were utilized to determine the preoperative factors predictive of MCID achievement. RESULTS Three-hundred and forty-three patients were identified undergoing LD. Overall MCID achievement rates were 67.4% for ODI, 67.1% for VAS back, and 65.0% for VAS leg. The mean time in weeks for MCID achievement was 22.52 ± 30.48 for ODI, 18.90 ± 27.43 for VAS back, and 20.96 ± 29.81 for VAS leg. Multivariable Cox regression revealed active smoker status, preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), ODI, VAS Back, and VAS Leg (HR 1.03-2.14) as predictors of early MCID achievement, whereas an American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification of 2, Black ethnicity, workers' compensation, private insurance, and diagnosis of foraminal stenosis were predictors of late MCID achievement (HR 0.34-0.58). CONCLUSION Most patients undergoing LD achieved MCID within 6 months of surgery. Significant factors for early MCID achievement were active smoking status and baseline PROs. Significant factors for late MCID achievement were ASA = 2, Black ethnicity, type of insurance, and foraminal stenosis diagnosis. These factors may be considered by surgeons in setting patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Sedhai Y, Bhat P, Spalitto D, Singh K, Waheed I, Khan T, Ahmed M, Kazimuddin N, Steff R. Iron pill aspiration syndrome: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 45:101908. [PMID: 37609001 PMCID: PMC10440560 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspiration of iron pill containing ferrous sulfate into the airway can induce fulminant chemical burn and necrosis of the airway mucosa. Acute chemical burn and inflammatory response can result in life-threatening airway compromise. It can also result in long-term sequelae including but not limited to fibrosis and airway stenosis. Considering the common use of iron supplements, and the potential severity of aspiration related airway injury, clinicians should be fully cognizant of the interaction between aspirated iron and airway passages. Herein, we present a case report with pertinent review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.R. Sedhai
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - P. Bhat
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - D. Spalitto
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - K. Singh
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - I. Waheed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - T.M.A. Khan
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - M.A. Ahmed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - N. Kazimuddin
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - R.T. Steff
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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Federico VP, Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Differences in Time to Achieve Minimum Clinically Important Difference Between Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion and Cervical Disc Replacement. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e337-e344. [PMID: 37230245 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical disc replacement (CDR) for time to minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement and predictors of delayed MCID achievement for the patient-reported outcomes (PROs), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) neck, and VAS arm. METHODS PROs of patients undergoing ACDF or CDR were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year/2-year periods. MCID achievement was calculated through comparison of changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement to previously established values in literature. Time to MCID achievement and predictors for delayed MCID achievement were determined through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression, respectively. RESULTS One hundred ninety-seven patients were identified, with 118 and 79 undergoing ACDF and CDR, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated faster time to achieve MCID for CDR patients in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (P = 0.006). Early predictors of MCID achievement through Cox regression were CDR procedure, Asian ethnicity, elevated preoperative PROs of VAS neck and VAS arm (hazard ratio, 1.16-7.28). Workers' compensation was a late predictor of MCID achievement (hazard ratio, 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Most patients achieved MCID in physical function, disability, and back pain outcomes within 2 years of surgery. Patients undergoing CDR achieved MCID faster in physical function. Early predictors of MCID achievement were CDR procedure, Asian ethnicity, and elevated preoperative PROs of pain outcomes. Workers' compensation was a late predictor. These findings may be helpful in managing patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Singh K. Correlation between Mental Health and Patient-reported Outcomes after Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00924-5. [PMID: 37419311 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess correlational relationship between mental health and outcomes following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). METHODS Patients who had undergone LLIF were identified. Patients with indications for surgery including infection, trauma, or malignancy were excluded. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included SF-12 MCS/PHQ-9/PROMIS-PF/SF-12 PCS/VAS back and leg pain/ODI and were collected preoperatively and at several postoperative time points extending to 1 year. Pearson's correlation tests were used to compare SF-12 MCS and PHQ-9 to the other PROs. RESULTS One hundred and twenty four patients were included. SF-12 MCS positively correlated with PROMIS-PF at 6-months (r=0.466) and SF-12 PCS preoperatively (r=0.287) and at 6-months (r=0.419) (p≤0.041, all). SF-12 MCS negatively correlated with VAS back preoperatively (r=-0.315), at 12-weeks (r=-0.414), and at 6 months (r=-0.746), VAS leg at 12 weeks (r=-0.378), and ODI preoperatively (r=-0.580) (p≤0.023, all). PHQ-9 negatively correlated with PROMIS-PF at all periods except 12-weeks (range: r=-0.357 to -0.566, p≤0.017, all) and SF-12 PCS preoperatively, at 6-weeks, and at 6-months (range: r=-0.363 to -0.562, p≤0.022, all). PHQ-9 positively correlated with VAS back at all periods prior to 1-year (range: r=0.415-0.690, p≤0.001, all), VAS leg at 12-weeks (r=0.467) and 6-months (r=0.402) (p≤0.028, both), and ODI at all periods except 6-months (range: r=0.413-0.637, p≤0.008, all). CONCLUSION Better mental health scores correlated with superior physical function, pain, and disability scores when measured by both SF-12 MCS and PHQ-9. PHQ-9 more consistently reported significant correlation to all outcomes measured when compared to SF-12 MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612.
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Singh K. Impact of Preoperative 12-item Short Form Mental Composite Scores on Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Disc Replacement. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:E263-E270. [PMID: 36823703 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine the effects of preoperative mental health status on demographic, perioperative characteristics, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cervical disc replacement (CDR). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The effect of preoperative mental health status has not been widely studied in CDR. METHODS Patients undergoing primary CDR were retrospectively collected and stratified into 2 cohorts by 12-item Short Form Survey Mental Composite Score (SF-12 MCS) ≥48.9. Patients without preoperative SF-12 MCS scores or diagnosis of infection, malignancy, or trauma were excluded. Demographic information, perioperative characteristic, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected. Patient reported outcome measurement information system physical function (PROMIS-PF)/SF-12 Physical Component Score (PCS)/SF-12 MCS/visual analog scale (VAS) neck/VAS leg/neck disability index (NDI) were collected preoperatively and 6 weeks/12 weeks/6 months/1 year postoperatively. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were included, (47 having SF-12 MCS≥48.9). For PROMs, both cohorts had significant improvement from preoperative baseline, besides SF-12 PCS/MCS at 1 year for the depressed cohort and SF-12 MCS at all time points. The non-depressed cohort demonstrated significantly higher PROMIS-PF preoperatively and at 12 weeks, SF-12 PCS at 12 weeks, SF-12 MCS at all time points, decreased VAS neck at 12 weeks and NDI preoperatively and at 12 weeks, overall minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in most patients in all PROMs besides SF-12 MCS, and higher MCID for PROMIS-PF at 12 weeks. The depressed cohort demonstrated overall MCID in most patients with PROMIS-PF/SF-12 MCS/VAS neck/NDI, and a higher MCID for 6 weeks/12 weeks/6 months postoperatively and overall SF-12 PCS. CONCLUSION Whereas both cohorts demonstrated significantly improved PROMs from baseline, the non-depressed cohort demonstrated better physical function, mental health, decreased pain, and disability at various time points, whereas the depressed cohort demonstrated higher mental health MCID achievement at every time point except 1 year. These findings may be useful in managing expectations for patients undergoing cervical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing MIS-TLIF versus LLIF for adjacent segment disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1907-1914. [PMID: 37261504 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies examine the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) versus lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for adjacent segment disease (ASD). We aim to compare the postoperative clinical trajectory through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in patients undergoing MIS-TLIF versus LLIF for ASD. METHODS Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on surgical technique for ASD: MIS-TLIF versus LLIF. PROMs of 12-Item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), visual analog scale (VAS) back, VAS leg, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were collected at preoperative and postoperative 6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year time points. MCID attainment was calculated through comparison to established thresholds. Cohorts were compared through nonparametric inferential statistics. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were identified, with 22 patients undergoing MIS-TLIF after propensity score matching. Patients undergoing MIS-TLIF for ASD demonstrated significant postoperative improvement up to 1-year VAS back, up to 1-year VAS leg, and 6-month through 1-year ODI (p ≤ 0.035, all). Patients undergoing LLIF demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in 6-month SF-12 PCS, 6-month through 1-year VAS back, 12-week through 6-month VAS leg, and 6-month to 1-year ODI (p ≤ 0.035, all). No significant differences were calculated between surgical techniques for PROMs or MCID achievement rates. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing either MIS-TLIF or LLIF for adjacent segment disease demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in pain and disability outcomes. Additionally, patients undergoing LLIF reported significant improvement in physical function. Both MIS-TLIF and LLIF are effective for the treatment of adjacent segment disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Singh K, Jhingan P, Malik M, Mathur S. In vitro comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of surface enamel after using APF and SDF with or without laser activation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00808-z. [PMID: 37296235 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the changes in physical and chemical properties of the enamel surface after application of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF), LASER activated SDF and LASER activated APF. METHODS Sample consisted of 72 freshly extracted healthy human premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic purpose, free from caries, fracture or any anomalies. The selected samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 18): Group 1 (SDF); Group 2 (APF); Group 3 (LASER activated SDF) and Group 4 (LASER activated APF). All samples were evaluated for values of DIAGNOdent at baseline, after demineralisation and after remineralisation. They were further divided and assessed for colour changes, surface alterations and fluoride content of surface enamel using Spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry respectively. The statistical analysis was done using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. RESULTS Highest remineralising potential and maximum colour changes of surface enamel was exhibited by Group 3. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Group 3 and Group 4 exhibited regular globular structures of enamel whereas Group 1 and Group 2 showed irregular globular surface of the enamel at 2000× and 5000× magnification. Maximum fluoride uptake on the surface enamel was seen in Group 4 followed by Group 3. CONCLUSION Use of LASER activated topical fluorides helps to achieve superior caries prevention. LASER activated APF can be used as an aesthetic alternative to SDF, as LASER activated APF showed higher uptake of fluoride on the enamel surface without discoloration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India.
| | - P Jhingan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
| | - M Malik
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
| | - S Mathur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, Singh K. Minimum Clinically Important Difference in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:1199-1207. [PMID: 36625578 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have established the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for physical function and pain. OBJECTIVE To establish MCID for physical function and pain patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for MIS-TLIF through anchor- and distribution-based methods using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) as the anchor. METHODS Ninety-eight patients undergoing primary MIS-TLIF with preoperative and 1-year postoperative ODI scores were identified. MCID was calculated using anchor- and distribution-based methods. ODI responders were classified as patients who decreased by 1 disability classification. PROMs of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), 12-Item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back/leg, and ODI were collected preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. Anchor-based methods were average change, minimum detectable change, change difference, receiver operating characteristic curve, and cross-sectional analysis. Distribution-based methods were standard error of measurement, receiver change index, effect size, and 0.5 ∗ ΔSD. RESULTS Anchor-based methods ranged from 4.2 to 11.9 for PROMIS-PF, 6.0 to 15.8 for SF-12 PCS, 1.8 to 4.6 for VAS back, and 2.1 to 4.0 for VAS leg. The area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic analysis ranged from 0.66 to 0.81. Distribution-based methods ranged from 1.1 to 3.9 for PROMIS-PF, 1.6 to 10.4 for SF-12 PCS, 0.5 to 1.6 for VAS back, and 0.6 to 1.8 for VAS leg. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing MIS-TLIF had a wide range of MCID values. The receiver operating characteristic curve was selected as the most clinically appropriate method. The corresponding MCID values were 4.2 for PROMIS-PF, 6.8 for SF-12 PCS, 1.8 for VAS back, and 2.4 for VAS leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Singh K, Bradley CE, Anand S, Ramesh V, White R, Bernien H. Mid-circuit correction of correlated phase errors using an array of spectator qubits. Science 2023:eade5337. [PMID: 37228222 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade5337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up invariably error-prone quantum processors is a formidable challenge. Although quantum error correction ultimately promises fault-tolerant operation, the required qubit overhead and error thresholds are daunting. In a complementary proposal, co-located, auxiliary 'spectator' qubits act as in-situ probes of noise, and enable real-time, coherent corrections of data qubit errors. We use an array of cesium spectator qubits to correct correlated phase errors on an array of rubidium data qubits. By combining in-sequence readout, data processing, and feed-forward operations, these correlated errors are suppressed within the execution of the quantum circuit. The protocol is broadly applicable to quantum information platforms, and establishes key tools for scaling neutral-atom quantum processors: mid-circuit readout of atom arrays, real-time processing and feed-forward, and coherent mid-circuit reloading of atomic qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - C E Bradley
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - S Anand
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R White
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - H Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Patel MR, Jacob KC, Chavez FA, Parsons AW, Vanjani NN, Pawlowski H, Prabhu MC, Singh K. Does Baseline Severity of Arm Pain Influence Outcomes Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion? Asian Spine J 2023:asj.2022.0027. [PMID: 37211669 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2022.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design Retrospective cohort. Purpose To assess preoperative arm pain severity influence on postoperative patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement following single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Overview of Literature There is evidence that preoperative symptom severity can affect postoperative outcomes. Few have evaluated this association between preoperative arm pain severity and postoperative PROMs and MCID achievement following ACDF. Methods Individuals undergoing single-level ACDF were identified. Patients were grouped by preoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) arm ≤8 vs. >8. PROMs collected preoperatively and postoperatively included VAS-arm/VAS-neck/Neck Disability Index (NDI)/12-item Short Form (SF-12) Physical Composite Score (PCS)/SF-12 mental composite score (MCS)/Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF). Demographics, PROMs, and MCID rates were compared between cohorts. Results A total of 128 patients were included. The VAS arm ≤8 cohort significantly improved for all PROMs excepting VAS arm at 1-year/2-years, SF-12 MCS at 12-weeks/1-year/2-years, and SF-12 PCS/PROMIS-PF at 6-weeks, only (p ≤0.021, all). The VAS arm >8 cohort significantly improved for VAS neck at all timepoints, VAS arm from 6-weeks to 1-year, NDI from 6-weeks to 6-months, and SF-12 MCS/PROMIS-PF at 6-months (p ≤0.038, all). Postoperatively, the VAS arm >8 cohort had higher VAS-neck (6 weeks/6 months), VAS-arm (12 weeks/6 months), NDI (6 weeks/6 months), lower SF-12 MCS (6 weeks/6 months), SF-12 PCS (6 months), and PROMISPF (12 weeks/6 months) (p ≤0.038, all). MCID achievement rates were higher among the VAS arm >8 cohort for the VAS-arm at 6-weeks/12-weeks/1-year/overall and NDI at 2 years (p ≤0.038, all). Conclusions Significance in PROM score differences between VAS arm ≤8 vs. >8 generally dissipated at the 1-year and 2-year timepoint, although higher preoperative arm pain patients suffered from worse pain, disability, and mental/physical function scores. Furthermore, clinically meaningful rates of improvement were similar throughout the vast majority of timepoints for all PROMs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav R Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Jacob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank A Chavez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander W Parsons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nisheka N Vanjani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanna Pawlowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael C Prabhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Oyetayo OO, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Depressed patients with greater symptom duration before MIS-TLIF do not report inferior outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023:10.1007/s00701-023-05593-8. [PMID: 37119321 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with preoperative depressive symptoms may demonstrate inferior patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The effect of preoperative symptom duration (SD) on PROs in this population has not been well-studied. We aim to assess the influence of preoperative SD on PROs in patients with low mental health scores prior to minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). METHODS Patients who had undergone elective, primary MIS-TLIF with preoperative SF-12 MCS score below 45.6, a previously established threshold for depression, were selected. Patients were divided into matched lesser duration (LD; SD<365 days) and greater duration (GD; SD≥365 days) cohorts. PROs were collected preoperatively and at 6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year postoperative periods. PROs included PROMIS-PF/ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS. PROs were compared within and between groups. Rates of achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were compared between groups. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two patients were included after matching cohorts. Patients in the LD cohort demonstrated improvement in PROMIS-PF at 12-weeks/6-month/1-year, and ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS at all postoperative periods (p≤0.024, all). Patients in the GD cohort demonstrated improvement in PROMIS-PF at 12-weeks/6-month/1-year, and ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS at all postoperative periods (p≤0.013, all). There were no differences in PROs or MCID achievement between cohorts at any period. CONCLUSION Patients with preoperative depressive symptoms undergoing MIS-TLIF, regardless of duration of preoperative symptoms, demonstrated improvements in physical function, disability, pain, and mental health domains. Patients with greater duration of preoperative symptoms did not report inferior outcomes at any period. Rates of clinically important improvements in all domains were favorable and similar between cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Oyetayo OO, Zheng E, MacGregor KR, Anwar FN, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Lopez GD, Singh K. Understanding the Impact of Early Depressive Burden on Patient Perceptions of Outcomes Following Cervical Disc Replacement. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00575-2. [PMID: 37120140 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of early depressive burden on PROMs in the setting of cervical disc replacement (CDR). METHODS Patients who had undergone primary elective CDR with recorded preoperative and 6-week 9-item PHQ-9 scores were identified. Early depressive burden was calculated via addition of the preoperative and 6-week PHQ-9 scores. Patients were divided into two cohorts, those with summative PHQ-9 scores beneath one-half standard deviation less than the mean (Lesser Burden; LB) and those with summative PHQ-9 scores above one-half standard deviation greater than the mean (Greater Burden; GB). Magnitude of improvement in PROMs (ΔPROM) were compared within and between cohorts at 6-weeks (ΔPROM-6W) and final follow-up (ΔPROM-FF). PROMs evaluated included PROMIS-PF/NDI/VAS-Neck (VAS-N)/VAS-Arm (VAS-A)/PHQ-9. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were included with 34 in the LB cohort. The LB cohort demonstrated improvements from the preoperative baseline in 6-week PROMIS-PF/NDI/VAS-N/VAS-A (p≤0.012, all). The GB cohort demonstrated improvements from the preoperative baseline in 6-week NDI/VAS-N/VAS-A/PHQ-9 (p≤0.038, all). The GB cohort demonstrated greater ΔPROM-6W and ΔPROM-FF in PHQ-9 (p≤0.047, both). The LB cohort demonstrated a greater ΔPROM-FF in PROMIS-PF (p=0.023). CONCLUSION Patients with a greater depressive burden were more likely to experience greater magnitudes of improvements in PHQ-9 at both 6-week and final follow-up and experience clinically meaningful improvement in depressive symptoms. Patients with a lesser depressive burden were more likely to experience a greater magnitude of improvement in PROMIS-PF at final follow-up and experience clinically meaningful improvement in physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Fatima N Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Gregory D Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612.
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Alturk MR, Alkhdr MO, Abo Zeed MS, Singh K. Extended minimal enteral feeding and time to regain birth weight in extremely low-birth-weight infants. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023:NPM221166. [PMID: 37092241 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal enteral feeding after birth has been developed as a strategy to enhance the functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the duration of minimal enteral feeding and time to regain birth weight in extremely low-birth-weight infants. METHODS This retrospective study included all extremely low-birth-weight infants born between January 2018 and December 2020. Infants with major congenital anomalies and conditions requiring surgery and those who died or received palliative care in the first 10 days of life were excluded from the analysis. Minimal enteral feeding courses were categorized as extended if the feeding was continued for > 72 hours and short if the feeding was < 72 hours. The primary measured outcome was the time taken to regain birth weight. RESULTS Of 217 study infants, 180 received an extended minimal enteral feeding for > 72 h. The median time to regain birth weight was not significantly different between the extended and short minimal enteral feeding groups, median (IQR) was 10 (7-13) versus 8 (6-11), respectively (p = 0.15). Extended minimal enteral feeding is associated with a significant increase in the mean duration of the total parenteral nutrition, (21.3±10 versus 17.2±9.3 days; p = 0.021). Infants with prolonged minimal enteral feeding courses experienced non-significantly higher levels of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Extended minimal enteral feeding in extremely low-birth-weight infants may not affect the time taken to regain birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Alturk
- Department of Critical Care, NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - M O Alkhdr
- Department of Critical Care, NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - M S Abo Zeed
- Department of Critical Care, NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Singh
- Department of Critical Care, NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Nie JW, Hartman TJ, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Zheng E, Federico VP, Massel DH, Sayari AJ, Singh K. Perioperative Predictors in Patients Undergoing Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Minimum Clinically Important Difference Achievement. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00527-2. [PMID: 37080454 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify perioperative predictors of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for patients undergoing lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Back, VAS Leg, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). METHODS Patients undergoing LLIF were identified through retrospective review of a single-surgeon database. Overall MCID achievement was determined as the number of unique patients achieving ΔPROM thresholds of PROMIS-PF=4.5, VAS Back=2.1, VAS Leg=2.8, ODI=14.9, and PHQ-9=3.0 over a 2-year postoperative time period. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to determine perioperative predictors for MCID achievement. RESULTS Two-hundred and ninety patients were identified. For PROMIS-PF MCID achievement, increased preoperative PROMIS-PF and POD 1 VAS pain were significant negative predictors. For VAS Back, primary fusion with revision decompression was a negative predictor, while increased preoperative VAS Back was a positive predictor of MCID achievement. For VAS Leg, increased preoperative VAS Leg was a positive predictor. For ODI, increased POD 0 VAS pain was a negative predictor, while increased preoperative ODI was a positive predictor. For PHQ-9, increased preoperative PHQ-9 was a positive predictor. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing LLIF, perioperative predictors for MCID achievement were highly dependent on PROM. Preoperative PROM was the most consistent perioperative predictor for achieving MCID. Elevated acute postoperative pain and primary fusion after failed index decompression were significant predictors of failing to achieve MCID. Surgeons may use these findings in prognostication and management of postoperative expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Vincent P Federico
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Dustin H Massel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Arash J Sayari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612.
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Hartman TJ, Nie JW, Zheng E, Oyetayo OO, MacGregor KR, Singh K. Poor mental health scores correlate with inferior outcomes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023:10.1007/s00701-023-05557-y. [PMID: 37071181 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited spine literature has studied the strength of association of mental health with other outcomes at time of survey collection. We aim to evaluate the degree to which mental health correlates with outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) at several postoperative periods. METHODS Patients having undergone elective MIS-TLIF were searched within a retrospective single-surgeon database. Five hundred eighty-five patients were included. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF), 12-item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS) and Mental Component Score (SF-12 MCS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back and leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were collected preoperatively and at 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year periods. Pearson's correlation tests were used to evaluate the association between both SF-12 MCS and PHQ-9 scores to other PROs at each period. RESULTS SF-12 MCS correlated with PROMIS PF (|r|= 0.308-0.531), SF-12 PCS (|r|= 0.207-0.328), VAS back (|r|= 0.279-0.474), VAS leg (|r|= 0.178-0.395), and ODI (|r|= 0.450-0.538) at all time points (P ≤ 0.021, all) except for preoperative SF-12 PCS and 1-year VAS leg. PHQ-9 correlated with PROMIS PF (|r|= 0.366-0.701), SF-12 PCS (|r|= 0.305-0.568), VAS back (|r|= 0.362-0.714), VAS leg (|r|= 0.319-0.694), and ODI (|r|= 0.613-0.784) at all periods (P < 0.001, all). CONCLUSION Poor mental health scores were correlated with lower physical function, elevated pain scores, and higher disability. PHQ-9 scores demonstrated stronger correlation in all relationships compared to SF-12 MCS. Optimization of patient mental health may lead to improved patient perception regarding function, pain, and disability following MIS-TLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James W Nie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Omolabake O Oyetayo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Keith R MacGregor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite #300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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