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Brooks SJ, Gomes T, Grung M, Petersen K, Macken A. An integrated biological effects assessment of the discharge water into the Sunndalsfjord from an aluminium smelter. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166798. [PMID: 37673263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
An integrated biological effects study using field transplanted mussels was applied to determine the potential biological effects of an effluent discharge from an aluminium smelter into a Norwegian fjord. Chemical body burden and biological effects were measured in mussels positioned downstream (1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 km) from the aluminium smelters discharge for a period of 6 weeks. A suite of biomarkers, from whole organism to subcellular responses were measured. Chemical concentrations in mussel tissues were low; however, a change in the PAC (polyaromatic compound) profile from high to low pyrogenic influence provided evidence of exposure to the smelter's effluent. Overall, the biological responses observed where greater in the mussels positioned closest to the smelter (1-5 km). Lowest chemical accumulation and biomarker responses were observed in mussels positioned 10 km from the smelter and were considered as the reference field population. Mussels located furthest from the smelter (20 km) exhibited significant biomarker responses and suggested a different contaminant source within the fjord. The integrated biological response index (IBR) was applied and reflected the expected level of exposure to the smelters discharge, with highest IBR calculated in mussels positioned closest to the discharge (1-5 km). Principal component analysis (PCA) also differentiated among mussel groups, with the most impacted located closest to the smelter. Not one chemical factor could explain the biological responses observed in mussels, but the presence of PAH16, PAH41 and metals Mn, Ni and Cr were the main contributors measured to the higher stress seen in the mussels from the 1 and 5 km groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway.
| | - T Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - K Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Macken
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
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Brandhorst I, Hanke S, Batra A, Renner T, Barth G, Petersen K. Randomisierte kontrollierte Evaluation des ISES! Gruppentrainings
– Ein Training für Eltern von Jugendlichen und jungen
Erwachsenen mit Computerspielstörungen. Suchttherapie 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Hanke
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen,
Tübingen
| | - A Batra
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen,
Tübingen
| | - T Renner
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen,
Tübingen
| | - G Barth
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen,
Tübingen
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Petersen K, Schaap M, Mirza S, Ng N, Maehara A, Matsumura M, Safian R. 452 Quantitative Assessment Of AI-based CCTA Plaque Volume Compared With IVUS. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Becker C, Bokor A, Heikinheimo O, Horne A, Jansen F, Kiesel L, King K, Kvaskoff M, Nap A, Petersen K, Saridogan E, Tomassetti C, Van Hanegem N, Vulliemoz N, Vermeulen N. O-283 Evidence based management of endometriosis – what has changed since 2013? Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In 2005, under the auspices of ESHRE, a group of international experts evaluated the existing best evidence and published the first European guideline on the management of endometriosis. This highly successful project was the first guideline by ESHRE and was adopted by many counties as their national standard. A second, fully-updated edition was presented in 2013.
For the new ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline, published in February 2022, all available evidence for twelve chosen topics was gathered by a senior research specialist. Subgroups comprised of patient representatives and experts in healthcare, reproductive science and epidemiology evaluated the data according to GRADE criteria. Each subgroup wrote a chapter and formulated their recommendations which were then presented by a representative to the core group. There, a provisional document was generated and made available for stakeholder review. The resulting comments were taken into account and where relevant incorporated into the final guideline document for which approval was sought and gained from the ESHRE Executive Committee.
35 PICO (Patients, Interventions, Comparison, Outcome) and seven narrative questions were addressed resulting in 78 Research Recommendations were formulated. Where sufficient scientific evidence was lacking and the Guideline Development Group (GDG) was of the opinion that an important topic needed to be highlighted Good Clinical Practice Points where created based on experts’ experience.
During the process of reviewing the literature it became apparent that large knowledge gaps of the best clinical approach to endometriosis exist. As a result, 30 research recommendations were also produced.
One of the main differences to the 2013 version of the ESHRE guidelines is that laparoscopy is no longer the gold standard for endometriosis per se as there exist sufficient data to support the use of transvaginal ultrasound performed by an experienced operator or MRI can equally identify or rule out ovarian and most of deep endometriosis. However, it is recognised by the GDG that the required imaging standards are not ubiquitously available and for peritoneal disease both sensitivity and specificity using either imaging modalities are still poor. As opposed to the 2013 recommendation, the GDG does not anymore recommend an ultralong protocol for the women with rASRM stage III/IV endometriosis to improve IVF success rates. Furthermore, gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists seem to be effective in the treatment of endometriosis-associate pain and, where available, could be considered as second-line treatment.
Other changes were specific chapters on endometriosis in adolescents and in menopausal women as the GDG strongly felt that these groups are concerningly underrepresented in clinical care and research. Finally, a chapter focussing on the association of endometriosis with certain forms of cancer namely subgroups of ovarian cancer, breast and thyroid cancer was added to give both patients and clinicians a better insight into the current evidence of this complex topic.
The GDG hope that the new ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline will improve the clinical management of a highly prevalent and heterogenous disease and that the freely-available patient-friendly version of the guideline empowers symptomatic and asymptomatic women to seek the best available advice, support and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becker
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Bokor
- Semmelweis University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Heikinheimo
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Horne
- University of Edinburgh, EXPPECT Centre for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - F Jansen
- EndoHome, Endometriosis Association Belgium , Eksel, Belgium
| | - L Kiesel
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Muenster, Germany
| | - K King
- Individual Endometriosis Advocate , Private, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Kvaskoff
- Paris-Saclay University- UVSQ- Univ. Paris-Sud- Inserm- Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” team- CESP , Paris, France
| | - A Nap
- Radboudumc, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Petersen
- University College London Hospitals, Pain Management Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - E Saridogan
- Universirty College London Hospitals, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health , London, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomassetti
- University Hospitals Leuven, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology- Leuven University Fertility Center , Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Van Hanegem
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Vulliemoz
- Lausanne University Hospital, Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology- Department Woman Mother Child , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Vermeulen
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Central Office , Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
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Hansen M, Petersen K, Østergaard S, Nielsen T, Jensen N, Mrachacz-Kersting N, Oliveira A. Retention following a short-term cup stacking training: Performance and electrocortical activity. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Borgstrøm MB, Kesmodel US, Klausen TW, Danielsen AK, Thomsen T, Gabrielsen A, Englund ALM, Zedeler A, Povlsen BB, Troest B, Almind GJ, Fedder J, Kirk J, Hindkjær J, Lemmen JG, Petersen K, Haahr K, Petersen MR, Laursen S, Knudsen UB, Bentin-Ley U, Larsen T, Grøndahl MI. Developmental stage and morphology of the competent blastocyst are associated with sex of the child but not with other obstetric outcomes: a multicenter cohort study. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:119-128. [PMID: 34986219 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are transfer day, developmental stage and morphology of the competent blastocyst in pregnancies leading to live birth associated with preterm birth, birthweight, length at birth and sex of the child? SUMMARY ANSWER A high score in blastocyst developmental stage and in trophectoderm (TE) showed a significant association with the sex of the child, while no other associations with obstetric outcomes were observed. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The association between blastocyst assessment scores and obstetric outcomes have been reported in small single-center studies and the results are conflicting. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Multicenter historical cohort study based on exposure data (transfer day (blastocyst developmental stage reached by Day 5 or Day 6)) blastocyst developmental stage (1-6) and morphology (TE and inner cell mass (ICM): A, B, C)) and outcome data (preterm birth, birthweight, length at birth, and sex of the child) from women undergoing single blastocyst transfer resulting in a singleton pregnancy and live birth. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data from 16 private and university-based facilities for clinical services and research were used. A total of 7246 women, who in 2014-2018 underwent fresh-embryo transfer with a single blastocyst or frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with a single blastocyst resulting in a singleton pregnancy were identified. Linking to the Danish Medical Birth Registry resulted in a total of 4842 women with a live birth being included. Cycles with pre-implantation genetic testing and donated gametes were excluded. The analyses were adjusted for female age (n = 4842), female BMI (n = 4302), female smoking (n = 4290), parity (n = 4365), infertility diagnosis (n = 4765), type of treatment (n = 4842) and center (n = 4842); some analyses additionally included gestational age (n = 4368) and sex of the child (n = 4833). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE No statistically significant associations between blastocyst assessment scores (transfer day, developmental stage, TE, ICM) and preterm birth (8.3%) or birthweight (mean 3461.7 g) were found. The adjusted association between blastocysts with a TE score of C and a TE score of A and length at birth (mean 51.6 cm) were statistically significant (adjusted mean difference 0.4 cm (95% CI: 0.02; 0.77)). Blastocysts transferred with developmental stage score 5 compared to blastocysts transferred with score 3 had a 34% increased probability of being a boy (odds ratio (OR) 1.34 (95% CI: 1.09; 1.64). Further, TE score B blastocysts compared to TE score A blastocysts had a 31% reduced probability of being a boy (OR 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60; 0.80)). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It is possible that some residual confounding remains. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Blastocyst selection during ART does not appear to introduce any negative effects on obstetric outcome. Therefore, clinicians and patients can be reassured that the assessment scores of the selected blastocyst will not in themselves pose a risk of preterm birth or affect birthweight and the length at birth. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Unrestricted grant from Gedeon Richter Nordics AB, Sweden. None of the authors have any competing interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Borgstrøm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Aalborg University, Herlev, Denmark
| | - U S Kesmodel
- The Fertility Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T W Klausen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A K Danielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Thomsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Gabrielsen
- The Fertility Clinic, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - A L M Englund
- The Fertility Clinic, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - A Zedeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - B B Povlsen
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
| | - B Troest
- The Fertility Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - G J Almind
- Copenhagen Fertility Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Fedder
- The Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Kirk
- Maigaard Fertility Clinic, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J Hindkjær
- Aagaard Fertility Clinic, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J G Lemmen
- Vitanova Fertility Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Petersen
- VivaNeo Ciconia Fertility Clinic, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - K Haahr
- Stork IVF Clinic, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - M R Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Laursen
- The Fertility Clinic IVF-syd, Fredericia, Denmark
| | - U B Knudsen
- The Fertility Clinic at Horsens Regional Hospital, Aarhus University, Horsens, Denmark
| | - U Bentin-Ley
- Danish Fertility Clinic, The Fertility Partnership Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T Larsen
- Danish Medical Data Center, Vallensbæk, Denmark
| | - M I Grøndahl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Petersen K, Keglber. Hærvig K, Bonde JP, Søri. Hougaard K, Toft G, Høs. Ramlau-Hansen C, Søgaar. Tøttenborg S. P–741 Fetal exposure to maternal perceived stress and male reproductive function in a cohort of young adults. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is exposure to maternal perceived stress during pregnancy associated with reproductive function in adult male offspring?
Summary answer
While maternal perceived stress was prevalent in the first trimesters of pregnancy, our preliminary findings indicate little association with reproductive function in young men.
What is known already
Though studies in animals point to a connection between prenatal exposure to maternal stress and reproductive function in offspring, the underlying biological mechanisms generating a deficit remain largely unclear. In humans, the few available studies focus on exposure to bereavement or other relatively strong objective stressful life events. Our individual perception of stress is, however, more likely the sum of a complex process involving both the actual input, previous experiences, coping strategies and support from our surroundings.
Study design, size, duration
Young men and their mothers were identified through records from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Information on exposure, i.e. maternal perceived life and emotional stress, was available from telephone interviews conducted at approximately 30 weeks of gestation (1996 to 2001). Recruitment of the young men lasted from 2017 to 2019 with 1058 participants enrolled in the final FEPOS cohort.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Each of the 1058 men in the FEPOS cohort completed an online questionnaire and clinical examinations and provided a blood and semen sample. Information on potential pre- and postnatal confounders was retrieved from the DNBC, the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Medical Birth Register. We applied negative binomial regression models to examine associations between maternal perceived life and emotional stress scores and semen quality, testicular size and reproductive hormones among the young men.
Main results and the role of chance
Among the 1052 young men included in preliminary analyses, the majority was exposed to maternal perceived life and/or emotional stress (76% and 83%, respectively) during the first trimesters. Life stress was predominantly related to the actual pregnancy (48%), maternal disease (19%) or occupational conditions (33%). Emotional stress included especially being touchy (58%), sad (38%) or tense (36%), covering aspects of both stress, depression and anxiety. Overall, results indicate little association between maternal stress scores and measures of semen quality and testicular size. Our study involves a large cohort with prospectively collected exposure data and direct measures of several male reproductive outcomes. We applied inverse probability weighting to account for selection into the FEPOS cohort and included a range of a priori selected maternal confounders in our models.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The male fetus may be particularly sensitive to exposure during the differentiation of reproductive tissues (8–14 weeks of gestation). Our self-reported measures of exposure cover the first 30 weeks of gestation. Absence of association may, thus, be due to a lack of specific information on timing of symptoms.
Wider implications of the findings: While our preliminary findings may appear reassuring, further efforts to improve our understanding of maternal stress in relation to fetal health and potential consequences later in life are needed.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- K Petersen
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Keglber. Hærvig
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J P Bonde
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences - University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Søri. Hougaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences - University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Toft
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Høs. Ramlau-Hansen
- Research Unit for Epidemiology - Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Søgaar. Tøttenborg
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Petersen K, Morrison J, Oprea V, Grischkan D, Koch A, Lorenz R, Bendavid R, Iakovlev V. Necessary duration of follow-up to assess complications of mesh in hernia surgery: a time-lapse study based on 460 explants. Hernia 2020; 25:1239-1251. [PMID: 32960368 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk of complications following hernia repair is the key parameter to assess risk/benefit ratio of a technique. As mesh devices are permanent, their risks are life-long. Too many reports in the past assessed mesh safety prematurely after short follow-ups. We aimed to explore what length of follow up would reveal the full extent of complications. METHODS Time lapses between implantation and excision were analyzed in 460 cases of meshes excised for complications after hernia repair. Patterns of percentage growth and time lapses at 50th and 95th percentiles were used to compare groups of different hernia type, age, gender and reason for excision. RESULTS The 50th and 95th case percentiles in the dataset were at 3.75 and 15.0 years between mesh implantation and excision. For hernia types, the longest time lapses were for groin hernias (4.0 and 16.11 years at 50th and 95th percentiles). The shortest were for umbilical hernias (2.16 and 9.68 years). Males had later excisions than females (4.11 and 16.1 vs. 2.47 and 9.79 years). Younger patients (< 45 y.o.) had later excisions than older patients (4.12 and 17.68 vs. 3.37 and 10.0 years). Out of all subgroups, the longest time lapses were for groin hernias in younger males (4.77 and 18.89 years) and for mesh erosion into organs (4.67 and 17.0 years). CONCLUSIONS Follow-up of more than 15 years is needed to fully assess complications after mesh hernia repair. Especially longer periods are needed to detect mesh erosion into organs and complications in younger males. Presently, short observations and lack of reporting standard in the literature prohibit accurate assessment of complication risks. We propose to use cumulative incidence for standardized risk reporting (y% risk at x years). This will show time-dependent patterns and allow comparisons between different techniques and studies of variable duration. Standardization will also help to predict long-term risks beyond shorter (practical) follow-ups and facilitate real-time monitoring during surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Morrison
- Chatham Kent Health Alliance, Chatham, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Oprea
- Military Hospital of Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Romania
| | | | - A Koch
- Day Surgery and Hernia Center, Cottbus, Germany
| | - R Lorenz
- , Hernia Center 3+CHIRURGEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Bendavid
- Department of Surgery, Shouldice Hospital, Thornhill, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Iakovlev
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Skeffington AW, Grimm A, Schönefeld S, Petersen K, Scheffel A. An Efficient Method for the Plating of Haploid and Diploid Emiliania huxleyi on Solid Medium 1. J Phycol 2020; 56:238-242. [PMID: 31657459 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emiliania huxleyi is a globally important coccolithophore and one of the most successful eukaryotic organisms in the modern oceans. Despite a large body of work on this organism, including the sequencing of its genome, the tools required for forward and reverse functional genetic studies are still undeveloped. Here we present an optimized method for the clonal isolation of E. huxleyi by plating on solid medium. We demonstrate the utility of this method for a variety of strains including haploid, calcifying-diploid, and noncalcifying diploid strains. We show that, in contrast to previous studies, no changes in cell ploidy status occur when the cells are plated. Our method will greatly aid attempts to elucidate the genetic basis of the remarkable physiology of E. huxleyi by forward and reverse genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair W Skeffington
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Annett Grimm
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Steffi Schönefeld
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Petersen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - André Scheffel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Melchiors J, Petersen K, Todsen T, Bohr A, Konge L, von Buchwald C. Procedure-specific assessment tool for flexible pharyngo-laryngoscopy: gathering validity evidence and setting pass–fail standards. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1649-1655. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petersen K, Barthels H, Drescher HE, Decken CBVD, Iniotakis N, Schenk W, Schulten R. The Fission Product Retention of Pebble-Bed Reactors in Ultimate Accidents. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt79-a32331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Petersen
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Barthels
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. E. Drescher
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - C. B. Von Der Decken
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - N. Iniotakis
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Schenk
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - R. Schulten
- Kemforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH Institut für Reaktorentwicklung, Theoretischer Bereich, Postfach 1913, 5170 Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany
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Watson IA, Edwards GT, Peehs M, Skokan A, Reimann M, Chen YS, Haigh WS, Sullivan LH, Fischer SR, Brzoska B, Depisch F, Fuchs HP, Sauermann W, Coleman DR, Rose KM, Mann CA, Hindle ED, Schenk W, Naoumidis A, Kwast H, Thomas HP, Schwarzer K, Skokan A, Holleck H, Peehs M, Baldewicz WL, Wazzan AR, Okrent D, Sha WT, Domanus HM, Schmitt RC, Oras JJ, Lin EIH, Shah VL, Kramer W, Schleisiek K, Schmidt L, Vanmassenhove G, Verwimp A, Nijsing R, Eifler W, Vog S, Hübschmann WG, Petersen K, Barthels H, Drescher HE, Decken CBVD, Iniotakis N, Schenk W, Schulten R, Steinwarz W, Cordewiner HJ, Röhrig HD, Olson WH, Ruther WE, Schrock VE, Morewitz HA, Johnson RP, Nelson CT, Vaughan EU, Guderjahn CA, Hilliard RK, McCormack JD, Postma AK, Naff SA, Schwarz WF, Rivard JB, Sutherland HJ, Dhir VK, Catton I, Mehr K, Kottowski HM, Goldammer H, Adamík V. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt79-a32314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pagel J, Hartz A, Figge J, Gille C, Eschweiler S, Petersen K, Schreiter L, Hammer J, Karsten CM, Friedrich D, Herting E, Göpel W, Rupp J, Härtel C. Regulatory T cell frequencies are increased in preterm infants with clinical early-onset sepsis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:219-27. [PMID: 27163159 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The predisposition of preterm neonates to invasive infection is, as yet, incompletely understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs ) are potential candidates for the ontogenetic control of immune activation and tissue damage in preterm infants. It was the aim of our study to characterize lymphocyte subsets and in particular CD4(+) CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)(+) Tregs in peripheral blood of well-phenotyped preterm infants (n = 117; 23 + 0 - 36 + 6 weeks of gestational age) in the first 3 days of life in comparison to term infants and adults. We demonstrated a negative correlation of Treg frequencies and gestational age. Tregs were increased in blood samples of preterm infants compared to term infants and adults. Notably, we found an increased Treg frequency in preterm infants with clinical early-onset sepsis while cause of preterm delivery, e.g. chorioamnionitis, did not affect Treg frequencies. Our data suggest that Tregs apparently play an important role in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance, which turns into an increased sepsis risk after preterm delivery. Functional analyses are needed in order to elucidate whether Tregs have potential as future target for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck
| | - A Hartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - J Figge
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - C Gille
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Eschweiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - K Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - L Schreiter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - J Hammer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - C M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - D Friedrich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck
| | - E Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - W Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - J Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck
| | - C Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck
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Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2010 until 2015 two interdisciplinary evidence-based guidelines were developed to summarize the current knowledge regarding screening, diagnostics and treatment of alcohol and tobacco-related disorders. METHODS Both guidelines were prepared under the auspices of the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde, DGPPN) and the German Society for Addiction Research and Therapy (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und -therapie, DG-Sucht). To meet the methodological criteria for the highest quality guidelines (S3 criteria) as defined by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, AWMF) the following criteria were realized: (1) a systematic search, selection and appraisal of the international literature, (2) a structured process to reach consensus and (3) inclusion of all relevant representatives of future guideline users. RESULTS More than 60 clinical experts and researchers analyzed the scientific literature. In total 41 international and national guidelines (23 for alcohol and 18 for tobacco) were used. Moreover, 83 systematic Cochrane reviews (alcohol 28, tobacco 55) and 5863 articles (alcohol 2213, tobacco 3650) were analyzed. A total of 7 expert groups formulated 174 recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-related disorders. Six expert groups created 81 recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of tobacco-related disorders. Approximately 50 scientific associations, professional organizations, patient and family initiatives, as well as representatives of the healthcare system formed a consensus group. In seven 1 and 2-day conferences, all clinical recommendations were discussed and approved by this group. Both guidelines will be revised on a regular basis to guarantee that the clinical recommendations are kept up to date. CONCLUSIONS Both systematically developed, evidence-based treatment guidelines are comprehensive instruments to provide orientation and assist the decision-making process for physicians, psychologists and other therapists as well as patients and their families in the diagnosis and treatment of alcohol and tobacco use related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoch
- Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.,Abt. Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der LMU München, München, Deutschland
| | - K Petersen
- Sektion Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - I Kopp
- AWMF-Institut für Medizinisches Wissensmanagement, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - A Batra
- Sektion Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - K Mann
- Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
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Bendavid R, Lou W, Grischkan D, Koch A, Petersen K, Morrison J, Iakovlev V. A mechanism of mesh-related post-herniorrhaphy neuralgia. Hernia 2015; 20:357-65. [PMID: 26597872 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-015-1436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective is to compare nerve densities in explanted polypropylene meshes in patients with or without chronic pain. Pain has supplanted recurrences as a complication of hernia surgery. The increased incidence of pain mirrors a parallel increase in the use of polypropylene meshes. Neither triple neurectomy nor careful nerve preservation has brought relief. Perhaps because we have forgotten that nerves, in response to some evolutionary mechanism, tend to regenerate, undergo changes imposed by prosthetic elements and architecture, mimicking entrapment and compartment syndromes. METHODS A total of 33 hernia meshes have been analyzed: 17 excised due to severe pain, two for combined pain and recurrence, 14 sampled during revision for recurrence without pain. Each mesh had standardized sampling for histology and the nerves were highlighted by S100 stain. Nerve densities were assessed within the mesh spaces and in tissue outside the mesh. RESULTS The density of nerves present in the standardized mesh samples of patients complaining of pain was much more elevated than in the mesh of those patients who had a recurrence but no pain. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Excluding two patients who had both pain and recurrence, the difference was even more marked (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Re-innervation and neo-innervation are known to take place following hernia repairs in indigenous tissue as well as through polypropylene meshes. However, when pain is an overriding issue dictating mesh explant, the degree of mesh innervation is significantly higher when compared to mesh excised for recurrence. That increase has been confirmed statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bendavid
- Shouldice Hospital, 7750 Bayview Avenue, Thornhill, ON, L3T 4A3, Canada. .,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - W Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lan School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - A Koch
- Day Surgery and Hernia Center, Gerhard-Hauptman Str. 15, Cottbus, Germany
| | | | - J Morrison
- Chatham Kent Health Alliance, Chatham, ON, Canada
| | - V Iakovlev
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Hoch E, Petersen K, Batra A, Mann K. Messbare Qualitätsverbesserung in der Praxis?! Entwicklung von sektorenübergreifenden Qualitätsindikatoren aus der S3-Leitlinie Alkohol. Suchttherapie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oniyangi O, Hahn D, Petersen K. Cerebral Venous Thromboses in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome. West Afr J Med 2015; 34:69-71. [PMID: 26902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with several complications among which are thrombo embolic phenomena. These are uncommon in children. This report describes an 8 year old male child with relapse of steroid resistant minimal change nephrotic syndrome who developed cerebral sagittal and transverse sinus thromboses. He presented with headaches, vomiting and photophobia; and developed VI cranial nerve palsy during the course of the illness. Diagnosis was made by Computed Tomographic Scan and Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the brain. He was treated with low molecular weight heparin initially and then, oral warfarin with close monitoring of the INR and anti-Factor Xa. He recovered without neurological deficits from the venous thromboses, and with marked improvements in his radiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oniyangi
- Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
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Sundstrom T, Varughese J, Azuaje F, Prestegarden L, Petersen K, Tepper C, Ingham E, Even L, Johnson S, Skaftnesmo KO, Lund-Johansen M, Bjerkvig R, Ferrara K, Thorsen F. BM-34 * NEW USES OF OLD DRUGS FOR THE CLINICAL TREATMENT OF BRAIN METASTASES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou240.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wik E, Trovik J, Kusonmano K, Birkeland E, Raeder MB, Pashtan I, Hoivik EA, Krakstad C, Werner HMJ, Holst F, Mjøs S, Halle MK, Mannelqvist M, Mauland KK, Oyan AM, Stefansson IM, Petersen K, Simon R, Cherniack AD, Meyerson M, Kalland KH, Akslen LA, Salvesen HB. Endometrial Carcinoma Recurrence Score (ECARS) validates to identify aggressive disease and associates with markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K alterations. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 134:599-606. [PMID: 24995579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previously reported 29-gene expression signature identified an aggressive subgroup of endometrial cancer patients with PI3K activation. We here wanted to validate these findings by independent patient series. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 29-gene expression signature was assessed in fresh frozen tumor tissue from 280 primary endometrial carcinomas (three independent cohorts), 19 metastatic lesions and in 333 primary endometrial carcinomas using TCGA data, and expression was related to clinico-pathologic features and survival. The 29-gene signature was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, DNA oligonucleotide microarrays, or RNA sequencing. PI3K alterations were assessed by immunohistochemistry, DNA microarrays, DNA sequencing, SNP arrays or fluorescence in situ hybridization. A panel of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also correlated to the 29-gene signature score. RESULTS High 29-gene Endometrial Carcinoma Recurrence Score (ECARS) values consistently validated to identify patients with aggressive clinico-pathologic phenotype and reduced survival. Within the presumed favorable subgroups of low grade, endometrioid tumors confined to the uterus, high ECARS still predicted a poor prognosis. The score was higher in metastatic compared to primary lesions (P<0.001) and was significantly associated with potential measures of PI3K activation, markers of EMT and vascular invasion as an indicator of metastatic spread (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS ECARS validates to identify aggressive endometrial carcinomas in multiple, independent patients cohorts. The higher signature score in metastatic compared to primary lesions, and the potential link to PI3K activation and EMT, support further studies of ECARS in relation to response to PI3K and EMT inhibitors in clinical trials of metastatic endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - J Trovik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - K Kusonmano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Birkeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M B Raeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - I Pashtan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E A Hoivik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - C Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - H M J Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - F Holst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - S Mjøs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mannelqvist
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K K Mauland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Oyan
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I M Stefansson
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A D Cherniack
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - M Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K H Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H B Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
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Agarwal M, Nitta R, Dovat S, Li G, Arita H, Narita Y, Fukushima S, Tateishi K, Matsushita Y, Yoshida A, Miyakita Y, Ohno M, Collins VP, Kawahara N, Shibui S, Ichimura K, Kahn SA, Gholamin S, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H, Weissman I, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Avril T, Hamlat A, Le Reste PJ, Mosser J, Quillien V, Carrato C, Munoz-Marmol A, Serrano L, Pijuan L, Hostalot C, Villa SL, Ariza A, Etxaniz O, Balana C, Benveniste ET, Zheng Y, McFarland B, Drygin D, Bellis S, Bredel M, Lotsch D, Engelmaier C, Allerstorfer S, Grusch M, Pichler J, Weis S, Hainfellner J, Marosi C, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Berger W, Bronisz A, Nowicki MO, Wang Y, Ansari K, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Brown K, Kwatra M, Brown K, Kwatra M, Bui T, Nitta R, Li G, Zhu S, Kozono D, Li J, Kushwaha D, Carter B, Chen C, Schulte J, Srikanth M, Das S, Zhang J, Lathia J, Yin L, Rich J, Olson E, Kessler J, Chenn A, Cherry A, Haas B, Lin YH, Ong SE, Stella N, Cifarelli CP, Griffin RJ, Cong D, Zhu W, Shi Y, Clark P, Kuo J, Hu S, Sun D, Bookland M, Darbinian N, Dey A, Robitaille M, Remke M, Faury D, Maier C, Malhotra A, Jabado N, Taylor M, Angers S, Kenney A, Ren X, Zhou H, Schur M, Baweja A, Singh M, Erdreich-Epstein A, Fu J, Koul D, Yao J, Saito N, Zheng S, Verhaak R, Lu Z, Yung WKA, Gomez G, Volinia S, Croce C, Brennan C, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Lopez SG, Qu D, Petritsch C, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Aldave G, Ravi D, Rubio A, Diez-Valle R, Marigil M, Jauregi P, Vera B, Rocha AADL, Tejada-Solis S, Alonso MM, Gopal U, Isaacs J, Gruber-Olipitz M, Dabral S, Ramkissoon S, Kung A, Pak E, Chung J, Theisen M, Sun Y, Monrose V, Franchetti Y, Sun Y, Shulman D, Redjal N, Tabak B, Beroukhim R, Zhao J, Buonamici S, Ligon K, Kelleher J, Segal R, Haas B, Canton D, Diaz P, Scott J, Stella N, Hara K, Kageji T, Mizobuchi Y, Kitazato K, Okazaki T, Fujihara T, Nakajima K, Mure H, Kuwayama K, Hara T, Nagahiro S, Hill L, Botfield H, Hossain-Ibrahim K, Logan A, Cruickshank G, Liu Y, Gilbert M, Kyprianou N, Rangnekar V, Horbinski C, Hu Y, Vo C, Li Z, Ke C, Ru N, Hess KR, Linskey ME, Zhou YAH, Hu F, Vinnakota K, Wolf S, Kettenmann H, Jackson PJ, Larson JD, Beckmann DA, Moriarity BS, Largaespada DA, Jalali S, Agnihotri S, Singh S, Burrell K, Croul S, Zadeh G, Kang SH, Yu MO, Song NH, Park KJ, Chi SG, Chung YG, Kim SK, Kim JW, Kim JY, Kim JE, Choi SH, Kim TM, Lee SH, Kim SK, Park SH, Kim IH, Park CK, Jung HW, Koldobskiy M, Ahmed I, Ho G, Snowman A, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Snyder S, Agnihotri S, Gugel I, Remke M, Bornemann A, Pantazis G, Mack S, Shih D, Sabha N, Taylor M, Tatagiba M, Zadeh G, Krischek B, Schulte A, Liffers K, Kathagen A, Riethdorf S, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Lee JS, Xiao J, Patel P, Schade J, Wang J, Deneen B, Erdreich-Epstein A, Song HR, Leiss L, Gjerde C, Saed H, Rahman A, Lellahi M, Enger PO, Leung R, Gil O, Lei L, Canoll P, Sun S, Lee D, Ho ASW, Pu JKS, Zhang XQ, Lee NP, Dat PJR, Leung GKK, Loetsch D, Steiner E, Holzmann K, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Pirker C, Hlavaty J, Petznek H, Hegedus B, Garay T, Mohr T, Sommergruber W, Grusch M, Berger W, Lukiw WJ, Jones BM, Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S, Culicchia F, Magnus N, Garnier D, Meehan B, McGraw S, Hashemi M, Lee TH, Milsom C, Gerges N, Jabado N, Trasler J, Pawlinski R, Mackman N, Rak J, Maherally Z, Thorne A, An Q, Barbu E, Fillmore H, Pilkington G, Maherally Z, Tan SL, Tan S, An Q, Fillmore H, Pilkington G, Malhotra A, Choi S, Potts C, Ford DA, Nahle Z, Kenney AM, Matlaf L, Khan S, Zider A, Singer E, Cobbs C, Soroceanu L, McFarland BC, Hong SW, Rajbhandari R, Twitty GB, Gray GK, Yu H, Benveniste EN, Nozell SE, Minata M, Kim S, Mao P, Kaushal J, Nakano I, Mizowaki T, Sasayama T, Tanaka K, Mizukawa K, Nishihara M, Nakamizo S, Tanaka H, Kohta M, Hosoda K, Kohmura E, Moeckel S, Meyer K, Leukel P, Bogdahn U, Riehmenschneider MJ, Bosserhoff AK, Spang R, Hau P, Mukasa A, Watanabe A, Ogiwara H, Saito N, Aburatani H, Mukherjee J, Obha S, See W, Pieper R, Nakajima K, Hara K, Kageji T, Mizobuchi Y, Kitazato K, Fujihara T, Otsuka R, Kung D, Nagahiro S, Rajbhandari R, Sinha T, Meares G, Benveniste EN, Nozell S, Ott M, Litzenburger U, Rauschenbach K, Bunse L, Pusch S, Ochs K, Sahm F, Opitz C, von Deimling A, Wick W, Platten M, Peruzzi P, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Read R, Fenton T, Gomez G, Wykosky J, Vandenberg S, Babic I, Iwanami A, Yang H, Cavenee W, Mischel P, Furnari F, Thomas J, Ronellenfitsch MW, Thiepold AL, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Steinbach JP, Rybakova Y, Kalen A, Sarsour E, Goswami P, Silber J, Harinath G, Aldaz B, Fabius AWM, Turcan S, Chan TA, Huse JT, Sonabend AM, Bansal M, Guarnieri P, Lei L, Soderquist C, Leung R, Yun J, Kennedy B, Sisti J, Bruce S, Bruce R, Shakya R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Sims PA, Bruce JN, Califano A, Canoll P, Stockhausen MT, Kristoffersen K, Olsen LS, Poulsen HS, Stringer B, Day B, Barry G, Piper M, Jamieson P, Ensbey K, Bruce Z, Richards L, Boyd A, Sufit A, Burleson T, Le JP, Keating AK, Sundstrom T, Varughese JK, Harter P, Prestegarden L, Petersen K, Azuaje F, Tepper C, Ingham E, Even L, Johnson S, Skaftnesmo KO, Lund-Johansen M, Bjerkvig R, Ferrara K, Thorsen F, Takeshima H, Yamashita S, Yokogami K, Mizuguchi S, Nakamura H, Kuratsu J, Fukushima T, Morishita K, Tanaka H, Sasayama T, Tanaka K, Nakamizo S, Mizukawa K, Kohmura E, Tang Y, Vaka D, Chen S, Ponnuswami A, Cho YJ, Monje M, Tateishi K, Narita Y, Nakamura T, Cahill D, Kawahara N, Ichimura K, Tiemann K, Hedman H, Niclou SP, Timmer M, Tjiong R, Rohn G, Goldbrunner R, Timmer M, Tjiong R, Stavrinou P, Rohn G, Perrech M, Goldbrunner R, Tokita M, Mikheev S, Sellers D, Mikheev A, Kosai Y, Rostomily R, Tritschler I, Seystahl K, Schroeder JJ, Weller M, Wade A, Robinson AE, Phillips JJ, Gong Y, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Thompson R, Wang J, Fan QW, Cheng C, Gustafson W, Charron E, Zipper P, Wong R, Chen J, Lau J, Knobbe-Thosen C, Weller M, Jura N, Reifenberger G, Shokat K, Weiss W, Wu S, Fu J, Zheng S, Koul D, Yung WKA, Wykosky J, Hu J, Taylor T, Villa GR, Gomez G, Mischel PS, Gonias SL, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Yamashita D, Kondo T, Takahashi H, Inoue A, Kohno S, Harada H, Ohue S, Ohnishi T, Li P, Ng J, Yuelling L, Du F, Curran T, Yang ZJ, Zhu D, Castellino RC, Van Meir EG, Zhu W, Begum G, Wang Q, Clark P, Yang SS, Lin SH, Kahle K, Kuo J, Sun D. CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Petersen K, Clifton P, Keogh J. PP123-MON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE OF SODIUM AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. Clin Nutr 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(13)60434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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He Y, Brandt-Hansen N, Wang J, Su D, Zheng Q, Petersen K, Simonsen O, Schett G, Karsdal M, Bay-Jensen AC. OP0140 Circulating Carboxy-Terminal Type X Collagen Fragments (C-Col10), a Measure of Skeletal Hypertrophy, are Elevated in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Birkeland E, Wik E, Mjøs S, Hoivik EA, Trovik J, Werner HMJ, Kusonmano K, Petersen K, Raeder MB, Holst F, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Akslen LA, Simon R, Krakstad C, Salvesen HB. KRAS gene amplification and overexpression but not mutation associates with aggressive and metastatic endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1997-2004. [PMID: 23099803 PMCID: PMC3516681 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three quarter of endometrial carcinomas are treated at early stage. Still, 15 to 20% of these patients experience recurrence, with little effect from systemic therapies. Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogenes homologue (KRAS) mutations have been reported to have an important role in tumorigenesis for human cancers, but there is limited knowledge regarding clinical relevance of KRAS status in endometrial carcinomas. METHODS We have performed a comprehensive and integrated characterisation of genome-wide expression related to KRAS mutations and copy-number alterations in primary- and metastatic endometrial carcinoma lesions in relation to clinical and histopathological data. A primary investigation set and clinical validation set was applied, consisting of 414 primary tumours and 61 metastatic lesions totally. RESULTS Amplification and gain of KRAS present in 3% of the primary lesions and 18% of metastatic lesions correlated significantly with poor outcome, high International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage, non-endometrioid subtype, high grade, aneuploidy, receptor loss and high KRAS mRNA levels, also found to be associated with aggressive phenotype. In contrast, KRAS mutations were present in 14.7% of primary lesions with no increase in metastatic lesions, and did not influence outcome, but was significantly associated with endometrioid subtype, low grade and obesity. CONCLUSION These results support that KRAS amplification and KRAS mRNA expression, both increasing from primary to metastatic lesions, are relevant for endometrial carcinoma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Birkeland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
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Petersen K, Chernoff K, Karemore G, Christiansen C, Nielsen M. 351 Fully Automatic Estimation of Film-based Breast Percentage Density Separate Out Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Treatment Effects as Well as Expert's Estimation. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Petersen K, Schöttler MA, Karcher D, Thiele W, Bock R. Elimination of a group II intron from a plastid gene causes a mutant phenotype. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:5181-92. [PMID: 21357608 PMCID: PMC3130276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II introns are found in bacteria and cell organelles (plastids, mitochondria) and are thought to represent the evolutionary ancestors of spliceosomal introns. It is generally believed that group II introns are selfish genetic elements that do not have any function. Here, we have scrutinized this assumption by analyzing two group II introns that interrupt a plastid gene (ycf3) involved in photosystem assembly. Using stable transformation of the plastid genome, we have generated mutant plants that lack either intron 1 or intron 2 or both. Interestingly, the deletion of intron 1 caused a strong mutant phenotype. We show that the mutants are deficient in photosystem I and that this deficiency is directly related to impaired ycf3 function. We further show that, upon deletion of intron 1, the splicing of intron 2 is strongly inhibited. Our data demonstrate that (i) the loss of a group II intron is not necessarily phenotypically neutral and (ii) the splicing of one intron can depend on the presence of another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Petersen K, Bock R. High-level expression of a suite of thermostable cell wall-degrading enzymes from the chloroplast genome. Plant Mol Biol 2011; 76:311-21. [PMID: 21298465 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biological conversion of plant biomass into fermentable sugars is key to the efficient production of biofuels and other renewable chemicals from plants. As up to more than 90% of the dry weight of higher plants is fixed in the cell wall, this will require the low-cost production of large amounts of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Transgenic plants can potentially provide an unbeatably cheap production platform for industrial enzymes. Transgene expression from the plastid genome is particularly attractive, due to high-level foreign protein accumulation in chloroplasts, absence of epigenetic gene silencing and improved transgene containment. Here, we have explored the potential of transplastomic plants to produce large amounts of thermostable cell wall-degrading enzymes from the bacterium Thermobifida fusca. We show that a set of four enzymes that are required for efficient degradation of cellulose (and the hemicellulose xyloglucan) could be expressed successfully in transplastomic tobacco plants. However, overexpression of the enzymes (to between approximately 5 and 40% of the plant's total soluble protein) resulted in pigment-deficient mutant phenotypes. We demonstrate that the chloroplast-produced cellulolytic enzymes are highly active. Although further optimization is needed, our data indicate that transgenic plastids offer great potential for the production of enzyme cocktails for the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Petersen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Walter M, Piepenburg K, Schöttler MA, Petersen K, Kahlau S, Tiller N, Drechsel O, Weingartner M, Kudla J, Bock R. Knockout of the plastid RNase E leads to defective RNA processing and chloroplast ribosome deficiency. Plant J 2010; 64:851-63. [PMID: 21105931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease E (RNase E) represents a key enzyme in bacterial RNA metabolism. It plays multifarious roles in RNA processing and also initiates degradation of mRNA by endonucleolytic cleavage. Plastids (chloroplasts) are derived from formerly free-living bacteria and have largely retained eubacterial gene expression mechanisms. Here we report the functional characterization of a chloroplast RNase E that is encoded by a single-copy nuclear gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of knockout plants revealed that, unlike in bacteria, RNase E is not essential for survival. Absence of RNase E results in multiple defects in chloroplast RNA metabolism. Most importantly, polycistronic precursor transcripts overaccumulate in the knockout plants, while several mature monocistronic mRNAs are strongly reduced, suggesting an important function of RNase E in intercistronic processing of primary transcripts from chloroplast operons. We further show that disturbed maturation of a transcript encoding essential ribosomal proteins results in plastid ribosome deficiency and, therefore, provides a molecular explanation for the observed mutant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walter
- Institut für Botanik, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Arsova B, Hoja U, Wimmelbacher M, Greiner E, Ustün S, Melzer M, Petersen K, Lein W, Börnke F. Plastidial thioredoxin z interacts with two fructokinase-like proteins in a thiol-dependent manner: evidence for an essential role in chloroplast development in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Cell 2010; 22:1498-515. [PMID: 20511297 PMCID: PMC2899873 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we characterize a plastidial thioredoxin (TRX) isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana that defines a previously unknown branch of plastidial TRXs lying between x- and y-type TRXs and thus was named TRX z. An Arabidopsis knockout mutant of TRX z had a severe albino phenotype and was inhibited in chloroplast development. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of the mutant suggested that the expressions of genes that depend on a plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) were specifically decreased. Similar results were obtained upon virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TRX z ortholog in Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that two fructokinase-like proteins (FLN1 and FLN2), members of the pfkB-carbohydrate kinase family, were potential TRX z target proteins and identified conserved Cys residues mediating the FLN-TRX z interaction. VIGS in N. benthamiana and inducible RNA interference in Arabidopsis of FLNs also led to a repression of PEP-dependent gene transcription. Remarkably, recombinant FLNs displayed no detectable sugar-phosphorylating activity, and amino acid substitutions within the predicted active site imply that the FLNs have acquired a new function, which might be regulatory rather than metabolic. We were able to show that the FLN2 redox state changes in vivo during light/dark transitions and that this change is mediated by TRX z. Taken together, our data strongly suggest an important role for TRX z and both FLNs in the regulation of PEP-dependent transcription in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borjana Arsova
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany.
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Thomas KV, Langford K, Petersen K, Smith AJ, Tollefsen KE. Effect-directed identification of naphthenic acids as important in vitro xeno-estrogens and anti-androgens in North sea offshore produced water discharges. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:8066-71. [PMID: 19924924 DOI: 10.1021/es9014212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Produced water from offshore oil production platforms represents the largest direct discharge of effluent into the offshore environment. Produced water effluents contain a complex mixture of substances which are known to bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and antagonize the androgen receptor (AR). Short-chain petrogenic alkylphenols have been identified as responsible for around 35% of the ER agonist activity measured in vitro while the compounds responsible for antagonizing the androgen receptor are unknown. For the first time we report that petrogenic naphthenic acids are weak ER agonists that account for much of the 65% of the "unknown" ER agonist potency in North Sea produced waters while also disrupting the binding of AR agonists to the AR ligand receptor. We also report other known petrogenic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols as environmental AR antagonists. Our investigation shows that these petrogenic components are responsible for the majority of the ER and AR receptor mediated activity in produced waters. This hypothesis is supported by data from an effects-directed analysis of produced water using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation in combination with the yeast estrogen and androgen assays as well as androgen receptor binding assays of commercially available mixtures of naphthenic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Johannessen TCA, Wang J, Skaftnesmo KO, Sakariassen PØ, Enger PØ, Petersen K, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Bjerkvig R, Tysnes BB. Highly infiltrative brain tumours show reduced chemosensitivity associated with a stem cell-like phenotype. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009; 35:380-93. [PMID: 19508445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer stem-like cells might have important functions in chemoresistance. We have developed a model where highly infiltrative brain tumours with a stem-like phenotype were established by orthotopic transplantation of human glioblastomas to immunodeficient rats. Serial passaging gradually transformed the tumours into a less invasive and more angiogenic phenotype (high-generation tumours). The invasive phenotype (low-generation tumours) was characterized by an increase in stem cell markers and increased phosphorylation of kinases in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. These markers were reduced in the serially passaged vascular tumours. The present study was aimed at investigating how the two phenotypes responded in vitro to doxorubicin, a clinically potent cytotoxic drug for solid tumours. METHODS Biopsy spheroids were implanted and passaged intracranially in nude rats. Gene expression and protein analyses were performed, and drug sensitivity was assessed. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed gene ontology categories connected to developmental aspects and negative regulators of differentiation, especially in the infiltrative stem cell-like tumours. The highly invasive stem-like phenotype was chemoresistant compared with the angiogenic phenotype. By interfering with the PI3K it was possible to sensitize tumour spheroids to chemotherapy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed downregulation of the stem cell markers Nestin and Musashi-1 in low-generation biopsy spheroids following PI3K inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Highly invasive tumours with a stem-like phenotype are more chemoresistant than angiogenic tumours derived from the same patients. We suggest that treatment resistance in glioblastomas can be related to PI3K/AKT activity in stem-like tumour cells, and that targeted interference with the PI3K/AKT pathway might differentiate and sensitize this subpopulation to chemotherapy.
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Johannessen TA, Wang J, Skaftnesmo K, Sakariassen PØ, Enger PØ, Petersen K, Øyan AM, Kalland K, Bjerkvig R, Tysnes BB. Highly infiltrative brain tumours show reduced chemosensitivity associated with a stem cell‐like phenotype. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2009.01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Wang
- NorLux Neuro Oncology, Department of Biomedicine,
| | | | | | - P. Ø. Enger
- NorLux Neuro Oncology, Department of Biomedicine,
- Neurosurgery and
| | - K. Petersen
- Bergen Center for Computational Science, Unifob A/S,
| | - A. M. Øyan
- The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Departments of
- Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, and
| | - K.‐H. Kalland
- The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Departments of
- Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, and
| | - R. Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro Oncology, Department of Biomedicine,
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology, Centre Recherché de Public Santé, Luxembourg
| | - B. B. Tysnes
- NorLux Neuro Oncology, Department of Biomedicine,
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Petersen K, Weymann N, Schelb Y, Thiel R, Thomasius R. Pathologischer Internetgebrauch – Epidemiologie, Diagnostik, komorbide Störungen und Behandlungsansätze. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009; 77:263-71. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Prasad SM, Czepiel M, Cetinkaya C, Smigielska K, Weli SC, Lysdahl H, Gabrielsen A, Petersen K, Ehlers N, Fink T, Minger SL, Zachar V. Continuous hypoxic culturing maintains activation of Notch and allows long-term propagation of human embryonic stem cells without spontaneous differentiation. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:63-74. [PMID: 19143764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maintenance of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) requires a high efficiency of self-renewal. During in vitro propagation, however, hESCs have a propensity to differentiate spontaneously. In this study, we assessed the nature of hESC responses to hypoxic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human embryonic stem cells were grown in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and the cells expressing Oct4 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The transcriptional expression of Nanog, Notch1, and Oct4 was determined by a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the inhibition of Notch-mediated signalling was achieved with a gamma-secretase inhibitor. RESULTS In contrast to culture at 21% oxygen, where the colonies displayed a marked degree of differentiation, we found that during exposure to 5% oxygen, the hESC colonies displayed a homogenous and flat morphology that was consistent with the presence of Oct4-positive phenotype, indicating no spontaneous differentiation. When cultured at 5% oxygen for either 4 weeks or up to 18 months, high levels of Nanog and Notch1 transcriptional expression were detected, albeit the expression was significantly lower during longer exposure. The suppression of differentiation was rapidly reversed on transfer of the hypoxic cultures to normoxic conditions. Looking into the molecular mechanisms of the maintenance of self-renewal at low oxygen tensions, we found that inhibition of Notch signalling fully abrogated the hypoxic induction of undifferentiated phenotype. CONCLUSION Our data, thus, indicate that hypoxic exposure has the capacity to sustain long-term self-renewal of hESCs and that this effect is mediated through activation of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Prasad
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Johnson MH, Petersen K. Public interest or public meddling? Towards an objective framework for the regulation of assisted reproduction technologies. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:716-28. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Stuhr LEB, Raa A, Oyan AM, Kalland KH, Sakariassen PO, Petersen K, Bjerkvig R, Reed RK. Hyperoxia retards growth and induces apoptosis, changes in vascular density and gene expression in transplanted gliomas in nude rats. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:191-202. [PMID: 17557137 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the biological effects of hyperoxic treatment on BT4C rat glioma xenografts in vivo with special reference to tumor growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis, general morphology and gene expression parameters. One group of tumor bearing animals was exposed to normobaric hyperoxia (1 bar, pO(2) = 1.0) and another group was exposed to hyperbaric hyperoxia (2 bar, pO(2) = 2.0), whereas animals housed under normal atmosphere (1 bar, pO(2) = 0.2) served as controls. All treatments were performed at day 1, 4 and 7 for 90 min. Treatment effects were determined by assessment of tumor growth, vascular morphology (immunostaining for von Willebrand factor), apoptosis by TUNEL staining and cell proliferation by Ki67 staining. Moreover, gene expression profiles were obtained and verified by real time quantitative PCR. Hyperoxic treatment caused a approximately 60% reduction in tumor growth compared to the control group after 9 days (p < 0.01). Light microscopy showed that the tumors exposed to hyperoxia contained large "empty spaces" within the tumor mass. Moreover, hyperoxia induced a significant increase in the fraction of apoptotic cells ( approximately 21%), with no significant change in cell proliferation. After 2 bar treatment, the mean vascular density was reduced in the central parts of the tumors compared to the control and 1 bar group. The vessel diameters were significantly reduced (11-24%) in both parts of the tumor tissue. Evidence of induced cell death and reduced angiogenesis was reflected by gene expression analyses.Increased pO(2)-levels in experimental gliomas, using normobaric and moderate hyperbaric oxygen therapy, caused a significant reduction in tumor growth. This process is characterized by enhanced cell death, reduced vascular density and changes in gene expression corresponding to these effects.
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López-Atalaya J, Roussel B, Levrat D, Nicole O, Benchenane K, Rault S, Vaudry H, Petersen K, Ali C, Vivien D. ID: 96 Molecular requirements for modulation of NMDA receptor signaling by tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Arndt C, Graessner J, Cramer MC, Petersen K, Reitmeier F, Weiss F, Kaul MG, Jaehne M, Adam G, Habermann CR. Diffusionsgewichtete MRT zur Funktionsdiagnostik der Glandula submandibularis. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006; 178:893-7. [PMID: 16953481 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-926947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted (DWI) echo-planar imaging (EPI) to depict the submandibular glands and to measure different functional conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were examined. Diffusion weighted sequence was performed prior to stimulation. Exactly 30 seconds after a commercially available lemon juice was given orally, the diffusion weighted sequence was repeated. All examinations were performed by using a 1.5-T superconducting system with a 30 mT/m maximum gradient capability and maximum slew rate of 125 mT/m/sec (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The lower part of the circularly polarized (CP) head coil and a standard two-element CP neck array coil were used. The flexibility of the neck array coil allowed positioning the N1 element (upper part of the coil) right next to the submandibular gland. The axial diffusion-weighted EPI (echo planar imaging) sequence was performed using a matrix of 119 x 128, a field of view of 250 x 250 mm (pixel size 2.1 x 1.95 mm), a section thickness of 5 mm with an interslice gap of 1 mm. The b factors used were 0 sec/mm(2), 500 sec/ mm(2) and 1000 sec/mm(2). Apparent diffusion coefficiant (ADC) maps were digitally transferred to MRIcro (Chris Rorden, Universitiy of Nottingham, Great Britain). After detecting the submandibular glands a region of interest (ROI) was placed manually exactly within the boarder of both submandibular glands, excluding the external carotid artery on ADC maps. These procedures were performed on all ADC slices the submandibular glands could be differentiated in before and after oral stimulation. For statistical comparison of results, a student's t-test was performed with an overall two-tailed significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS The visualization of the submandibular glands using the diffusion-weighted EPI sequence was possible in all of the 27 volunteers. Prior to oral stimulation an ADC of 1.31 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (95 % CI, 1.39 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, 1.44 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) was calculated which increased to 1.41 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (95 % KI, 1.39 x 10(- 3) mm(2)/sec, 1.44 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) 30 seconds after stimulation. This increase proved to be significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging allows non-invasive quantification of functional changes in the submandibular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arndt
- Zentrum für Bildgebende Diagnostik und Intervention, Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
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Thomasius R, Zapletalova P, Petersen K, Buchert R, Andresen B, Wartberg L, Nebeling B, Schmoldt A. Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users: the longitudinal perspective. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20:211-25. [PMID: 16510479 DOI: 10.1177/0269881106059486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a known serotonergic neurotoxin in different animal species, there is to date no conclusive evidence of its neurotoxicity in humans. MDMA use was associated with impairments of psychological well-being, verbal memory and altered serotonergic functioning in a number of cross-sectional studies. Due to inherent methodological limitations, such as the notorious polydrug use of ecstasy users and lack of control of possible pre-existing differences between ecstasy users and control participants, researchers have called for well-controlled, prospective longitudinal studies to shed more light on the issue of MDMA neurotoxicity to the human brain. This longitudinal study investigated whether mood, cognition and central serotonin transporters (SERT) would deteriorate with continued MDMA use and whether or not they would recover over increasing periods of MDMA abstinence. In a repeated-measures design, 11 current and ten ex-ecstasy users, and 11 polydrug (but not MDMA) and 15 drug-naive controls participated three times within approximately two years. Both ecstasy user groups reported a polydrug use pattern besides heavy ecstasy use. Subjective reports of ecstasy use or abstinence were verified by toxicological analyses. On each trial, the participants underwent a cognitive test battery and filled in the Symptom Check List. The availability of central SERT was assessed with positron emission tomography using the McN5652 ligand for all groups at t1, and only for the ecstasy user groups on follow-ups. The factor Group yielded significant results in the SCL-90 scales Global Severity Index, Anxiety, Obsessive/compulsive and Interpersonal sensitivity, with the ex-ecstasy users reporting the highest symptom scores. There were significant Group effects in all measures of verbal memory, with the lowest performance in the group of ex-ecstasy users. The repeated-measures analyses yielded no significant Group x Time interactions in any SCL-90 scales or measures of memory performance, with the exception of AVLT 1 immediate recall. Thus the ex-ecstasy users' psychopathological symptoms and memory performance failed to improve, and the current ecstasy users' failed to deteriorate, over time relative to the other groups. While there was a significant effect of Group in all brain regions examined (except the control region white matter), the current users' SERT availability seems to have recovered in the mesencephalon, as indicated by a significant Group x Time interaction. Reduced SERT availability might be a transient effect of heavy ecstasy use, since it partially recovered as the current users reduced their MDMA use. However, this measure may not necessarily be a valid indicator of the number or integrity of serotonergic neurons. Ex-ecstasy users' verbal memory showed no sign of improvement even after over 2.5 years of abstinence and thus may represent persistent functional consequences of MDMA neurotoxicity. However, alternative causes such as pre-existing group differences cannot be completely ruled out in spite of the longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomasius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
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Schindler F, Petersen K, Anghelescu IG, Thomasius R, Thomasius R. The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder in ecstasy abusers. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Petersen K, Rettig T, Lingenauber A, Weise D, von der Wense A. Akute Querschnittslähmung im Adoleszentenalter – Transverse Myelitis. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vekemans M, Georgala A, Heymans C, Paesmans M, Klastersky J, Robinson J, Marchetti O, Ferrant A, Petersen K, Aoun M. Influence of Mannan Binding Lectin (MBL) serum levels on the risk of infection during chemotherapy induced neutropenia (N) in adult haematological cancer patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vekemans
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Georgala
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C. Heymans
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Paesmans
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Klastersky
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Robinson
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O. Marchetti
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Ferrant
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Petersen
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Aoun
- Inst Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium; Ctr Hospitalier Univ Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Clin Univ St Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium; Natimmune A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gabrielsen A, Agerholm I, Toft B, Hald F, Petersen K, Aagaard J, Feldinger B, Lindenberg S, Fedder J. Assisted hatching improves implantation rates on cryopreserved-thawed embryos. A randomized prospective study. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2258-62. [PMID: 15319388 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focus on the hatching process has so far been in the field of fresh embryos. Cryopreserved-thawed embryos have a lower rate of pregnancy than fresh embryos, which might be due to hardening of the zona pellucida. METHODS During a 2 year period, a prospective randomized study enrolling 253 cryopreserved-thawed cycles was performed on day 2 embryos. Pseudorandomization to assisted hatching or a control group was done on the basis of even and odd dates for thawing. One hour before embryo transfer, hatching was carried out using acidic Tyrode's solution. RESULTS Among 136 embryos exposed to assisted hatching, 11.4% (30) were implanted compared with only 5.8% (13) of 117 embryos not exposed to assisted hatching (P<0.05, chi(2) test). No difference in the rate of clinical pregnancy and positive serum HCG was observed between the two groups. Very few women >38 years old were included in the study, and no significant difference according to age could be found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These results show that assisted hatching using acidic Tyrode's solution increases the implantation rate of cryopreserved-thawed embryos (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabrielsen
- Ciconia Fertility Clinic, Aarhus, DK-8270 Højbjerg, Denmark.
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Arora A, Sharp JG, Lynch JC, Petersen K, Whalen V, Kessinger MA. Hematopoietic stem cell reserve and aging in patients undergoing autologous transplant. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Arora
- Univ of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | - V. Whalen
- Univ of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Campbell∗ E, Vasquez E, Duncan M, Petersen K, English J, Tasker S. From Baghdad to Bethesda: Infection Control Considerations for Iraqi-War Related Injuries. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arndt∗ J, Petersen K, Crossno K, Brudon D, Herman A, Friedman C, Chenoweth C. Focusing on Hand Hygiene with a Promotional Campaign. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a pivotal feature in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and it may be detected 10-20 y before the clinical onset of hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is due to the reduced ability of peripheral target tissues to respond properly to insulin stimulation. In particular, impaired insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis plays a significant role in insulin resistance. Glucose transport (GLUT4), phosphorylation (hexokinase) and storage (glycogen synthase) are the three potential rate-controlling steps regulating insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism, and all three have been implicated as being the major defects responsible for causing insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using (13)C/(31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we demonstrate that a defect in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport activity is the rate-controlling defect. Using a similar (13)C/(31)P MRS approach, we have also demonstrated that fatty acids cause insulin resistance in humans due to a decrease in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport activity, which could be attributed to reduced insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, a required step in insulin-stimulated glucose transport into muscle. Furthermore, we have recently proposed that this defect in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport activity may be due to the activation of a serine kinase cascade involving protein kinase C theta and IKK-beta, which are key downstream mediators of tissue inflammation. Finally, we propose that any perturbation that leads to an increase in intramyocellular lipid (fatty acid metabolites) content such as acquired or inherited defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, defects in adipocyte fat metabolism or simply increased fat delivery to muscle/liver due to increased energy intake will lead to insulin resistance through this final common pathway. Understanding these key cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance should help elucidate new targets for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perseghin
- Internal Medicine-Section of Nutrition/Metabolism and Unit of Clinical Spectroscopy, Istituto Scientifico H San Raffaele via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
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Stuerenburg HJ, Petersen K, Buhmann C, Rosenkranz M, Baeumer T, Thomasius R. Plasma amino acids in ecstasy users. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003; 24:348-9. [PMID: 14647011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Accepted: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Recreational use of the illegal drug "ecstasy" has increased dramatically in recent years. We have measured 33 different plasma amino acids in ecstasy users and controls. Significant differences were found for phosphoserine, glutamate, citrulline, methionine, tyrosine and histidine. Resembling changes in the plasma amino acids have been described in acute transient polymorphous psychosis. Thus, alterations in plasma - methionine and phosphoserine or other amino acids could be involved in the psychical symptoms produced by MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Joerg Stuerenburg
- Neurological Department, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Thomasius R, Petersen K, Buchert R, Andresen B, Zapletalova P, Wartberg L, Nebeling B, Schmoldt A. Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 167:85-96. [PMID: 12632248 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2002] [Accepted: 12/04/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic recreational ecstasy (MDMA) use has often been reported to be associated with psychopathology, memory impairments and serotonergic alterations. However, the findings have not been consistent. OBJECTIVES To attempt to replicate these findings, to investigate whether such alterations would be reversible and whether they could be predicted by parameters of previous drug use. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 30 current and 31 ex-ecstasy users with ecstasy abstinence of at least 5 months, and 29 polydrug and 30 drug-naive controls were compared on measures of psychopathology, cognitive performance and serotonin transporter availability. RESULTS The groups did not differ significantly in age, gender distribution, education level and premorbid intelligence. The ecstasy groups did not differ significantly from polydrug controls on most of the relevant parameters of concomitant illegal drug use. Reported drug use was confirmed by hair and urine analyses. All three groups of drug users exhibited significantly elevated psychopathology compared with drug-naive controls. Only ex-ecstasy users were significantly impaired on verbal recall. Current ecstasy users showed significantly reduced distribution volume ratios of serotonin transporter availability in the mesencephalon and caudate nucleus. Regression analyses indicated that psychopathology and serotonergic alterations were best predicted by the number of ecstasy tablets taken on a typical event. CONCLUSION The results indicate that verbal memory impairments were possibly aggravated after prolonged ecstasy abstinence while there was tentative evidence of serotonergic recovery. On the other hand, self-reported elevated psychopathology appeared to be associated with polydrug use in general and not specifically with ecstasy use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomasius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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