1
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Cazelles K. Isolating interactions from co-occurrences. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:184-185. [PMID: 38012362 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cazelles
- College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Beauchesne D, Cazelles K, Archambault P, Dee LE, Gravel D. On the sensitivity of food webs to multiple stressors. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2219-2237. [PMID: 34288313 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems is becoming increasingly vital with global changes. The role of species interactions in propagating the effects of stressors, although widely acknowledged, has yet to be formally explored. Here, we conceptualise how stressors propagate through food webs and explore how they affect simulated three-species motifs and food webs of the Canadian St. Lawrence System. We find that overlooking species interactions invariably underestimate the effects of stressors, and that synergistic and antagonistic effects through food webs are prevalent. We also find that interaction type influences a species' susceptibility to stressors; species in omnivory and tri-trophic food chain interactions in particular are sensitive and prone to synergistic and antagonistic effects. Finally, we find that apex predators were negatively affected and mesopredators benefited from the effects of stressors due to their trophic position in the St. Lawrence System, but that species sensitivity is dependent on food web structure. In conceptualising the effects of multiple stressors on food webs, we bring theory closer to practice and show that considering the intricacies of ecological communities is key to assess the net effects of stressors on species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beauchesne
- Département de biologie, ArcticNet, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, ArcticNet, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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3
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Cazelles K, Zemlak TS, Gutgesell M, Myles-Gonzalez E, Hanner R, Shear McCann K. Spatial Fingerprinting: Horizontal Fusion of Multi-Dimensional Bio-Tracers as Solution to Global Food Provenance Problems. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040717. [PMID: 33800611 PMCID: PMC8066529 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Building the capacity of efficiently determining the provenance of food products represents a crucial step towards the sustainability of the global food system. Despite species specific empirical examples of multi-tracer approaches to provenance, the precise benefit and efficacy of multi-tracers remains poorly understood. Here we show why, and when, data fusion of bio-tracers is an extremely powerful technique for geographical provenance discrimination. Specifically, we show using extensive simulations how, and under what conditions, geographical relationships between bio-tracers (e.g., spatial covariance) can act like a spatial fingerprint, in many naturally occurring applications likely allowing rapid identification with limited data. To highlight the theory, we outline several statistic methodologies, including artificial intelligence, and apply these methodologies as a proof of concept to a limited data set of 90 individuals of highly mobile Sockeye salmon that originate from 3 different areas. Using 17 measured bio-tracers, we demonstrate that increasing combined bio-tracers results in stronger discriminatory power. We argue such applications likely even work for such highly mobile and critical fisheries as tuna.
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McCann KS, Cazelles K, MacDougall AS, Fussmann GF, Bieg C, Cristescu M, Fryxell JM, Gellner G, Lapointe B, Gonzalez A. Landscape modification and nutrient-driven instability at a distance. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:398-414. [PMID: 33222413 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 50 years ago, Michael Rosenzweig pointed out that nutrient addition can destabilise food webs, leading to loss of species and reduced ecosystem function through the paradox of enrichment. Around the same time, David Tilman demonstrated that increased nutrient loading would also be expected to cause competitive exclusion leading to deleterious changes in food web diversity. While both concepts have greatly illuminated general diversity-stability theory, we currently lack a coherent framework to predict how nutrients influence food web stability across a landscape. This is a vitally important gap in our understanding, given mounting evidence of serious ecological disruption arising from anthropogenic displacement of resources and organisms. Here, we combine contemporary theory on food webs and meta-ecosystems to show that nutrient additions are indeed expected to drive loss in stability and function in human-impacted regions. Our models suggest that destabilisation is more likely to be caused by the complete loss of an equilibrium due to edible plant species being competitively excluded. In highly modified landscapes, spatial nutrient transport theory suggests that such instabilities can be amplified over vast distances from the sites of nutrient addition. Consistent with this theoretical synthesis, the empirical frequency of these distant propagating ecosystem imbalances appears to be growing. This synthesis of theory and empirical data suggests that human modification of the Earth is strongly connecting distantly separated ecosystems, causing rapid, expansive and costly nutrient-driven instabilities over vast areas of the planet. Similar to existing food web theory, the corollary to this spatial nutrient theory is that slowing down spatial nutrient pathways can be a potent means of stabilising degraded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S McCann
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.,McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Gregor F Fussmann
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Carling Bieg
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Melania Cristescu
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - John M Fryxell
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Gellner
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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5
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Blanchet FG, Cazelles K, Gravel D. Co‐occurrence is not evidence of ecological interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1050-1063. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative of Biology University of Guelph GuelphN1G 2W1ON Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeJ1K 2R1QC Canada
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Cazelles K, Bartley T, Guzzo MM, Brice MH, MacDougall AS, Bennett JR, Esch EH, Kadoya T, Kelly J, Matsuzaki SI, Nilsson KA, McCann KS. Homogenization of freshwater lakes: Recent compositional shifts in fish communities are explained by gamefish movement and not climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:4222-4233. [PMID: 31502733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lake fish communities are being subjected to a range of scale-dependent anthropogenic pressures, from climate change to eutrophication, and from overexploitation to species introductions. As a consequence, the composition of these communities is being reshuffled, in most cases leading to a surge in taxonomic similarity at the regional scale termed homogenization. The drivers of homogenization remain unclear, which may be a reflection of interactions between various environmental changes. In this study, we investigate two potential drivers of the recent changes in the composition of freshwater fish communities: recreational fishing and climate change. Our results, derived from 524 lakes of Ontario, Canada sampled in two periods (1965-1982 and 2008-2012), demonstrate that the main contributors to homogenization are the dispersal of gamefish species, most of which are large predators. Alternative explanations relating to lake habitat (e.g., area, phosphorus) or variations in climate have limited explanatory power. Our analysis suggests that human-assisted migration is the primary driver of the observed compositional shifts, homogenizing freshwater fish community among Ontario lakes and generating food webs dominated by gamefish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Bartley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew M Guzzo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Brice
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ellen H Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Kelly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Karin A Nilsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Wheeler HC, Berteaux D, Furgal C, Cazelles K, Yoccoz NG, Grémillet D. Identifying key needs for the integration of social-ecological outcomes in arctic wildlife monitoring. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:861-872. [PMID: 30471146 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For effective monitoring in social-ecological systems to meet needs for biodiversity, science, and humans, desired outcomes must be clearly defined and routes from direct to derived outcomes understood. The Arctic is undergoing rapid climatic, ecological, social, and economic changes and requires effective wildlife monitoring to meet diverse stakeholder needs. To identify stakeholder priorities concerning desired outcomes of arctic wildlife monitoring, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 arctic scientists, policy and decision makers, and representatives of indigenous organizations and nongovernmental organizations. Using qualitative content analysis, we identified and defined desired outcomes and documented links between outcomes. Using network analysis, we investigated the structure of perceived links between desired outcomes. We identified 18 desired outcomes from monitoring and classified them as either driven by monitoring information, monitoring process, or a combination of both. Highly cited outcomes were make decisions, conserve, detect change, disseminate, and secure food. These reflect key foci of arctic monitoring. Infrequently cited outcomes (e.g., govern) were emerging themes. Three modules comprised our outcome network. The modularity highlighted the low strength of perceived links between outcomes that were primarily information driven or more derived (e.g., detect change, make decisions, conserve, or secure food) and outcomes that were primarily process driven or more derived (e.g., cooperate, learn, educate). The outcomes expand monitoring community and disseminate created connections between these modules. Key desired outcomes are widely applicable to social-ecological systems within and outside the Arctic, particularly those with wildlife subsistence economies. Attributes and motivations associated with outcomes can guide development of integrated monitoring goals for biodiversity conservation and human needs. Our results demonstrated the disconnect between information- and process-driven goals and how expansion of the monitoring community and improved integration of monitoring stakeholders will help connect information- and process-derived outcomes for effective ecosystem stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Wheeler
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity and Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, U.K
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity and Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Chris Furgal
- Indigenous Environmental Studies and Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Department of Science and Technology - National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Bartley TJ, McCann KS, Bieg C, Cazelles K, Granados M, Guzzo MM, MacDougall AS, Tunney TD, McMeans BC. Food web rewiring in a changing world. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:345-354. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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MacDougall AS, Harvey E, McCune JL, Nilsson KA, Bennett J, Firn J, Bartley T, Grace JB, Kelly J, Tunney TD, McMeans B, Matsuzaki SIS, Kadoya T, Esch E, Cazelles K, Lester N, McCann KS. Context-dependent interactions and the regulation of species richness in freshwater fish. Nat Commun 2018; 9:973. [PMID: 29511186 PMCID: PMC5840330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Species richness is regulated by a complex network of scale-dependent processes. This complexity can obscure the influence of limiting species interactions, making it difficult to determine if abiotic or biotic drivers are more predominant regulators of richness. Using integrative modeling of freshwater fish richness from 721 lakes along an 11o latitudinal gradient, we find negative interactions to be a relatively minor independent predictor of species richness in lakes despite the widespread presence of predators. Instead, interaction effects, when detectable among major functional groups and 231 species pairs, were strong, often positive, but contextually dependent on environment. These results are consistent with the idea that negative interactions internally structure lake communities but do not consistently ‘scale-up’ to regulate richness independently of the environment. The importance of environment for interaction outcomes and its role in the regulation of species richness highlights the potential sensitivity of fish communities to the environmental changes affecting lakes globally. Species richness patterns are driven by biotic and abiotic factors, the relative strengths of which are unclear. Here, the authors test how species interactions or environmental traits influence fish richness across over 700 Canadian lakes, showing a surprisingly small role of negative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Eric Harvey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Institute Of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Ch-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department Of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Jenny L McCune
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Department Of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Karin A Nilsson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Department of Ecology And Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Joseph Bennett
- Department Of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University Of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Timothy Bartley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - James B Grace
- US Geological Survey, Wetland And Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Los Angeles, 70506, USA
| | - Jocelyn Kelly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Tyler D Tunney
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,Fisheries And Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, NB EC 9B6
| | - Bailey McMeans
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.,University Of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5L 1C6
| | | | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute For Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-0053, Japan
| | - Ellen Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nigel Lester
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9J 8M5
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Legagneux P, Casajus N, Cazelles K, Chevallier C, Chevrinais M, Guéry L, Jacquet C, Jaffré M, Naud MJ, Noisette F, Ropars P, Vissault S, Archambault P, Bêty J, Berteaux D, Gravel D. Our House Is Burning: Discrepancy in Climate Change vs. Biodiversity Coverage in the Media as Compared to Scientific Literature. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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