1
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Li X, Zhang HM, Qian B, Gao YP, Wu M, Pan BL, Wang QH, Yang KD. [Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and CYP1A1 gene and enzyme activity of peripheral blood monocyte cells in coke oven workers]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2019; 37:104-109. [PMID: 30929349 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 expression at gene and enzyme activity levels in the peripheral blood monocyte cells in coke oven workers, and to provide a certain basis for the biological monitoring of health damage in coke oven workers. Methods: We surveyed 118 coke oven workers and 63 controls (energy power workers in the same company) using self-designed questionnaire, determined their post-shift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Py) concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector method. We also isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from fasting venous blood, and detected DNA damage using comet assay, CYP1A1 mRNA level using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), and EROD activity using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses including one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the association of urinary 1-OH-Py and CYP1A1 mRNA level and EROD activity. Results: Compared to the control group, the urinary 1-OH-Py concentration and PBMC DNA tail moment were significantly increased in coke oven workers (P<0.05), and CYP1A1 gene level and EROD activity in PBMC were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that a ten-fold increase of urinary 1-OH-Pycon centration was associated with a decrease of 0.77 (95%CI: -1.33--0.21) in CYP1A1 gene level, and a decline of 0.15 (95%CI: -0.76--0.16) in EROD activity of PBMC in coke oven workers (P<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational PAHs exposure induced DNA damage, which was associated with the decreased level in CYP1A1 gene cavel and EROD activity in PBMC of coke oven workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - B Qian
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
| | - Y P Gao
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
| | - M Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - B L Pan
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
| | - Q H Wang
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
| | - K D Yang
- General hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel Company; Taiyuan 030003, China
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2
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Lee CW, Yang KD, Nam DH, Jang JH, Cho NH, Im SW, Nam KT. Defining a Materials Database for the Design of Copper Binary Alloy Catalysts for Electrochemical CO 2 Conversion. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1704717. [PMID: 29363204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While Cu electrodes are a versatile material in the electrochemical production of desired hydrocarbon fuels, Cu binary alloy electrodes are recently proposed to further tune reaction directionality and, more importantly, overcome the intrinsic limitation of scaling relations. Despite encouraging empirical demonstrations of various Cu-based metal alloy systems, the underlying principles of their outstanding performance are not fully addressed. In particular, possible phase segregation with concurrent composition changes, which is widely observed in the field of metallurgy, is not at all considered. Moreover, surface-exposed metals can easily form oxide species, which is another pivotal factor that determines overall catalytic properties. Here, the understanding of Cu binary alloy catalysts for CO2 reduction and recent progress in this field are discussed. From the viewpoint of the thermodynamic stability of the alloy system and elemental mixing, possible microstructures and naturally generated surface oxide species are proposed. These basic principles of material science can help to predict and understand metal alloy structure and, moreover, act as an inspiration for the development of new binary alloy catalysts to further improve CO2 conversion and, ultimately, achieve a carbon-neutral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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3
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Park J, Yang KD, Kim NY, Jung KW, Le VD, Lim HJ, An J, Jin K, Kim YH, Nam KT, Moon D. Quantitative Analysis of Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster Growth Using Time-of-Flight Medium-Energy-Ion-Scattering Spectroscopy. ACS Cent Sci 2018; 4:1253-1260. [PMID: 30276260 PMCID: PMC6161037 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the remaining challenges in material chemistry is to unveil the quantitative compositional/structural information and thermodynamic nature of inorganic materials especially in the initial nucleation and growth step. In this report, we adopted newly developed time-of-flight medium-energy-ion-scattering (TOF-MEIS) spectroscopy to address this challenge and explored heterogeneously grown nanometer-sized calcium phosphate as a model system. With TOF-MEIS, we discovered the existence of calcium-rich nanoclusters (Ca/P ∼ 3) in the presence of the non-collagenous-protein-mimicking passivating ligands. Over the reaction, these clusters progressively changed their compositional ratio toward that of a bulk phase (Ca/P ∼ 1.67) with a concurrent increase in their size to ∼2 nm. First-principles studies suggested that the calcium-rich nanoclusters can be stabilized through specific interactions between the ligands and clusters, emphasizing the important role of template on guiding the chemical and thermodynamic nature of inorganic materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science
& Technology, 5,
14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Won Jung
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Viet-Duc Le
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Lim
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun An
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - DaeWon Moon
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kang HY, Nam DH, Yang KD, Joo W, Kwak H, Kim HH, Hong SH, Nam KT, Joo YC. Synthetic Mechanism Discovery of Monophase Cuprous Oxide for Record High Photoelectrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to Methanol in Water. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8187-8196. [PMID: 30059622 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the oxidation state of transition-metal oxides, such as copper, is important for high selectivity of CO2 reduction in an aqueous condition to compete with the reduction of water. The phase of copper oxide nanofibers was controlled by predictive synthesis, which controls the nanoscale gas-solid reaction by considering thermodynamics and kinetics. The driving force of the phase transformation between the different oxidation states of copper oxide is calculated by comparing the Gibbs free energy of each of the oxidation states. From the calculation, the kinetically processable window for the fabrication of Cu2O in which monophase Cu2O can be fabricated in a reasonable reaction time scale is discovered. Herein, we report the monophase Cu2O nanofiber photocathode, which photoelectrochemically converted CO2 into methanol with over 90% selectivity in an aqueous electrolyte, and a hierarchical structure is developed to optimize the photoactivity and stability of the electrode. Our work suggests a rational design of the calcination strategy for precisely controlling the oxidation states of transition metals that can be applied to various applications in which the phase of the materials plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Kang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Joo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Kwak
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Hong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-742 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-742 Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-744 Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, 151-742 Seoul , Republic of Korea
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5
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Lee CW, Hong JS, Yang KD, Jin K, Lee JH, Ahn HY, Seo H, Sung NE, Nam KT. Selective Electrochemical Production of Formate from Carbon Dioxide with Bismuth-Based Catalysts in an Aqueous Electrolyte. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Clean
Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sug Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Hongmin Seo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Nark-Eon Sung
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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6
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Lee CW, Cho NH, Yang KD, Nam KT. Reaction Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid on Tin Oxide Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Korea
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7
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Chen W, Duan P, Tang S, Huang WT, Quan C, Qi SQ, Yang KD. [Effects of bisphenol A on the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR in rat Sertoli cells]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2017; 35:101-105. [PMID: 28355696 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of BPA on the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR in rat Sertoli cells. Methods: Primary Sertoli cells collected from prepuberty rats (18-21 d) were cultured for 48 h, and then they were treated with 0, 30, 50, 70 μmol/L BPA respectively for 24 h. The methods of MTT, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were utilized to measure the cell ability of Sertoli cells, the mRNA and protein expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR respectively. Results: Compared with control, the cell abilities of Sertoli cells in 50 μmol/L BPA group and 70 μmol/L BPA group increased significantly (P<0.05) . The cell abilities of Sertoli cells decreased with the increases of exposure doses of BPA. Compared with control, the expression of N-cadherin mRNA only increased in 30 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) , the expression of Vimentin mRNA decreased significantly in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) , the expression of FSHR mRNA increased in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) . Compared with the control, the protein levels of N-cadherin increased significantly in 50 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) , the protein levels of Vimentin decreased significantly in all doses group of BPA (P<0.05) , the protein levels of FSHR decreased significantly in 50 μmol/L BPA group and 70 μmol/L BPA group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The mechanism of testicular toxicity from BPA might be the alterations of N-cadherin, Vimentin and FSHR by disturbing normal spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Yang KD, Lee CW, Jin K, Im SW, Nam KT. Current Status and Bioinspired Perspective of Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to a Long-Chain Hydrocarbon. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:538-545. [PMID: 28071909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into a long-chain hydrocarbon represents an important research direction in adding value to CO2-based chemicals and realizing its practical application. Long-chain hydrocarbons may change the current fossil fuel-based industry in that those chemicals have a similar energy density as gasoline, high compatibility with the current infrastructure, and low hydroscopicity for pipeline distribution. However, most of the electrocatalysts produce C1, C2, and C3 chemicals, and methods for producing long-chain hydrocarbons are not available thus far. Interestingly, nature utilizes many enzymes to generate long-chain hydrocarbons using C2 building blocks and suggests key mechanisms, inspiring new perspective in the design of electrocatalysts. In this Perspective, we present case studies to demonstrate how CO2 and its reductive derivatives interact with the electrode surface during C-C bond formation and introduce how these issues are addressed in biological systems. We end this Perspective by outlining possible strategies to translate the natural mechanism into a heterogeneous electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Yang KD, Ko WR, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee H, Lee MH, Nam KT. Morphology‐Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO
2
on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Big Data Institute Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Advanced Machines and Design Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
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10
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Yang KD, Ko WR, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee H, Lee MH, Nam KT. Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO 2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:796-800. [PMID: 28000371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to value-added hydrocarbons is receiving significant attention as a promising way to close the broken carbon-cycle. While most metal catalysts produce C1 species, such as carbon monoxide and formate, the production of various hydrocarbons and alcohols comprising more than two carbons has been achieved using copper (Cu)-based catalysts only. Methods for producing specific C2 reduction outcomes with high selectivity, however, are not available thus far. Herein, the morphological effect of a Cu mesopore electrode on the selective production of C2 products, ethylene or ethane, is presented. Cu mesopore electrodes with precisely controlled pore widths and depths were prepared by using a thermal deposition process on anodized aluminum oxide. With this simple synthesis method, we demonstrated that C2 chemical selectivity can be tuned by systematically altering the morphology. Supported by computational simulations, we proved that nanomorphology can change the local pH and, additionally, retention time of key intermediates by confining the chemicals inside the pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Big Data Institute, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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11
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Lee HE, Yang KD, Yoon SM, Ahn HY, Lee YY, Chang H, Jeong DH, Lee YS, Kim MY, Nam KT. Concave Rhombic Dodecahedral Au Nanocatalyst with Multiple High-Index Facets for CO2 Reduction. ACS Nano 2015; 9:8384-93. [PMID: 26173084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A concave rhombic dodecahedron (RD) gold nanoparticle was synthesized by adding 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) during growth from seeds. This shape is enclosed by stabilized facets of various high-indexes, such as (331), (221), and (553). Because it is driven thermodynamically and stabilized by 4-ATP ligands, the concave RD maintains its structure over a few months, even after rigorous electrochemical reactions. We discussed the mechanism of the shape evolution controlled by 4-ATP and found that both the binding energy of Au-S and the aromatic geometry of 4-ATP are major determinants of Au atom deposition during growth. As a possible application, we demonstrated that the concave RD exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance for the selective conversion of CO2 to CO in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-748, Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-748, Korea
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Abstract
Photosynthetic protein has the potential to be a new attractive material for solar energy absorption and conversion. The development of semiconductor/photosynthetic protein hybrids is an example of recent progress toward efficient, clean and nanostructured photoelectric systems. In the review, two biohybrid systems interacting through different communicating methods are addressed: (1) a photosynthetic protein immobilized semiconductor electrode operating via electron transfer and (2) a hybrid of semiconductor quantum dots and photosynthetic protein operating via energy transfer. The proper selection of materials and functional and structural modification of the components and optimal conjugation between them are the main issues discussed in the review. In conclusion, we propose the direction of future biohybrid systems for solar energy conversion systems, optical biosensors and photoelectric devices.
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13
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Chien JW, Lin CY, Yang KD, Lin CH, Kao JK, Tsai YG. Increased IL-17A secreting CD4+ T cells, serum IL-17 levels and exhaled nitric oxide are correlated with childhood asthma severity. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1018-26. [PMID: 23957337 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a simple and non-invasive method for assessing airway inflammation. IL-17 plays an important role in T cell-dependent inflammatory response that occurs in allergic asthma, it could act as a potent activator of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to amplify FeNO levels. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the differences in the CD4(+) IL-17A(+) T cell counts, serum IL-17 levels, and FeNO levels in children with mild intermittent to moderate to severe persistent asthma classified by using the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). METHODS One hundred and twenty asthmatic children divided into the mild intermittent (n = 42), mild persistent (n = 42), and moderate to severe persistent (n = 36) groups, and 20 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Information obtained at visits included the assessment of asthma severity according to GINA guidelines and C-ACT, lung function parameters, FeNO levels, CD4(+) IL-17A(+) T cells counts from PBMCs, iNOS production by sputum cells and serum IL-17 levels. RESULTS Serum IL-17 and FeNO levels were significantly higher in mild to severe persistent asthmatic patients than in intermittent asthmatics or healthy controls (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD4(+) IL-17A(+) T cells was higher in moderate to severe persistent asthmatics than in mild asthmatics (P < 0.01). Moderate to severe asthmatics (n = 5) exhibited greater iNOS production in sputum cells than mild cases (n = 5). Decreased iNOS expression in sputum cells was noted in all subjects after IL-17 neutralizing antibody (P < 0.05). Serum IL-17 levels were positively correlated with FeNO (rho = 0.74; P < 0.01), negatively correlated with C-ACT (rho = -0.63; P < 0.01) in asthmatics. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CD4(+) IL-17A(+) T cells counts and serum IL-17 levels in conjunction with augmented FeNO levels are systemic markers of childhood asthma, using these markers, prediction and potential therapeutics for persistent asthmatics may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Jin K, Park J, Lee J, Yang KD, Pradhan GK, Sim U, Jeong D, Jang HL, Park S, Kim D, Sung NE, Kim SH, Han S, Nam KT. Hydrated Manganese(II) Phosphate (Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O) as a Water Oxidation Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7435-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5026529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donghun Kim
- Division
of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Nark-Eon Sung
- Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Division
of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Park J, Kim H, Jin K, Lee BJ, Park YS, Kim H, Park I, Yang KD, Jeong HY, Kim J, Hong KT, Jang HW, Kang K, Nam KT. A New Water Oxidation Catalyst: Lithium Manganese Pyrophosphate with Tunable Mn Valency. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4201-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchul Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Yun Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo Tak Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Research Institute
of Advanced
Materials (RIAM), and §Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Ou CY, Kuo HC, Wang L, Hsu TY, Chuang H, Liu CA, Chang JC, Yu HR, Yang KD. Prenatal and postnatal probiotics reduces maternal but not childhood allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1386-96. [PMID: 22925325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased rapidly in recent decades globally. The administration of probiotics to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation has been popular, but its role in the prevention or treatment of allergic disease remains controversial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prenatal and postnatal probiotics in the prevention of early childhood and maternal allergic diseases. METHODS In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, pregnant women with atopic diseases determined by history, total immunoglobulin (Ig)E > 100 kU/L, and/or positive specific IgE were assigned to receive either probiotics (Lactobacillus GG; ATCC 53103; 1 × 10(10) colony-forming units daily) or placebo from the second trimester of pregnancy. Both of clinical evaluation performed by questionnaires concerning any allergic symptoms and plasma total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE were obtained in high-risk parents and children at 0, 6, 18, and 36 months of age. The primary and secondary outcomes were the point and cumulative prevalence of sensitization and developing of allergic diseases, and improvement of maternal allergic symptom score and plasma immune parameters before and after intervention, respectively. RESULTS In total, 191 pregnant women (LGG group, n = 95; control group, n = 96) were enrolled. No significant effects of prenatal and postnatal probiotics supplementation on sensitization, development of allergic diseases, and maternal IgE levels between placebo and LGG groups. Symptoms of maternal allergic scores improved significantly in the LGG group (P = 0.002). Maternal allergic diseases improvement was more prominent in pregnant women with IgE > 100 kU/L (P = 0.01) and significantly associated with higher interleukin-12p70 levels (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS LGG administration beginning at the second trimester of pregnancy reduced the severity of maternal allergic disease through increment of Th1 response, but not the incidence of childhood allergic sensitization or allergic diseases (ClinicalTrials.govnumber, IDNCT00325273).
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Ou
- Department of Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Shen FC, Lee CT, Sun CK, Chung MS, Lee JJ, Chang HW, Hsieh CJ, Yang KD, Liu RT. Prevalence of haematuria positively associated with urine albumin excretion in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1178-83. [PMID: 22313158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Some guidelines or studies consider haematuria an indication for renal biopsy or a potential cause of albuminuria that precludes accurate assessment of urinary albumin excretion. This study examined the justification of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and its associations with other diabetes-related variables. METHODS Between May and November 2008, patients with Type 2 diabetes at a single centre with data on urinary albumin excretion and urinalysis in the same urine sample were recruited. Urinary albumin excretion was determined by urine albumin/creatinine ratio in spot urine. Diagnosis of haematuria was made by positive urine occult blood from 1+ to 4+ and/or presence of more than nine red blood cells/ml in urinalysis. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables and diabetes-associated complications were analysed. RESULTS In total, 743 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of haematuria among patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or macroalbuminuria was 8.7% (n = 13), 16.1% (n = 67) and 35.8% (n = 64), respectively. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was significantly higher, while macroalbuminuria was more common in patients with haematuria (n = 144) than in those without (n = 599). Multiple regression analysis identified urine albumin/creatinine ratio (odds ratio 1.33, P = 0.01) and macroalbuminuria (odds ratio 2.66, P = 0.01) as the only independent predictors of haematuria. Moreover, urine albumin/creatinine ratio was an independent predictor of haematuria in the macroalbuminuria subgroup (odds ratio 1.30, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio and macroalbuminuria were the only independent predictors of haematuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes, raising questions on the justifications of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and including haematuria as an indication for renal biopsy in those with macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-C Shen
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kuo HC, Liu CA, Ou CY, Hsu TY, Yang KD. Correlation between atopy and tuberculin/ Candida skin test reactivity in a bacillus Calmette- Gue'rin–vaccinated cohort. Allergy 2010; 65:1625-6. [PMID: 20560903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-C Kuo
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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19
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Chen RF, Huang HC, Ou CY, Hsu TY, Chuang H, Chang JC, Wang L, Kuo HC, Yang KD. MicroRNA-21 expression in neonatal blood associated with antenatal immunoglobulin E production and development of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1482-90. [PMID: 20701609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in the past decades. It is unknown whether expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) in neonatal leucocytes is correlated to IgE production and/or allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association of miRNA expression in neonatal leucocytes with cord blood IgE (CBIgE) elevation and development of allergic disease. METHODS We screened for the expression of a panel of 157 miRNAs in mononuclear leucocytes from human umbilical cord blood (CB) samples with elevated CBIgE and tracked the association of down-regulated miRNA expression to the miRNA-targeted gene expression and to children with allergic rhinitis (AR). RESULTS Among the initial screen of 10 CB samples with elevated CBIgE, expression of eight of the 157 miRNAs was low. Of these eight down-expressed miRNAs, three remained down-regulation in a validation with other 20 CB samples, and two of the three miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-126, were significantly lower in monocytes from AR children. Further analysis of mRNA expression of the miR-21-targeted genes identified that TGFBR2 expression on monocytes was significantly up-regulated in CB with elevated CBIgE, and in AR patients. Transfection of miR-21 precursor into monocytes from patients with AR increased miR-21 expression and decreased TGFBR2 expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the first in the literature that lower miR-21 expression in CB and increased TGFBR2 expression is associated with antenatal IgE production and development of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-F Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of allergic diseases in children has increased worldwide over the past decades. Allergy sensitization may occur in fetal life. This study investigated whether gene-gene and gene-environment interactions affected cord blood IgE (CBIgE) levels. METHODS A total of 575 cord blood DNA samples were subjected to a multiplex microarray for 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 159 allergy candidate genes. Genetic association was initially assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Environmental factors for analysis included maternal atopy, paternal atopy, parental smoking, gender, and prematurity. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs in 14 genes were associated with CBIgE elevation (>or =0.5 KU/l) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified eleven genes (IL13, IL17A, IL2RA, CCL17, CXCL1, PDGFRA, FGF1, HAVCR1, GNAQ, C11orf72, and ADAM33) which were significantly associated with CBIgE elevation. MDR analyses of gene-gene interactions identified IL13 interacted with IL17A and/or redox genes on CBIgE elevation with the prediction accuracy of 62.52%. Analyses of gene-environment interactions identified that maternal atopy combined with IL13, rs1800925 and CCL22, rs170359 SNPs had the highest prediction accuracy of 67.15%. All the high and low risk classifications on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions by MDR analyses could be validated by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS Gene-gene (e.g. immune and redox genes) and gene-environment (e.g. maternal atopy and FGF1or redox genes) interactions on IgE production begin in prenatal stage, suggesting that prevention of IgE-mediated diseases may be made possible by control of maternal atopy and redox responses in prenatal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, No. 123 Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently received corticosteroid therapy, resulting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Prior studies demonstrated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) for ONFH.. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ESWT for ONFH in patients with SLE. We studied 39 patients, including 15 patients with SLE (26 hips) and 24 controls (29 hips). To each affected hip we applied ESWT (6000 impulses at 28 kV in a single session). Patients were ambulated with partial weight bearing for 4-6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the need for hip replacement. The secondary endpoints were improvement in hip pain and function and image changes on X-ray and MRI. Patients received total hip replacement in 12% of patients with SLE and in 14% of controls (P = 0.802). There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores (0.86 vs. 0.89; P = 0.467) and function scores (89% vs. 91%; P = 0.194) between patients with SLE and controls. SLE response to ESWT for ONFH is comparable with ONFH in patients without SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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Yeh SH, Chuang H, Lin LW, Hsiao CY, Wang PW, Liu RT, Yang KD. Regular Tai Chi Chuan exercise improves T cell helper function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an increase in T-bet transcription factor and IL-12 production. Br J Sports Med 2008; 43:845-50. [PMID: 18385192 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.043562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); its benefit to immune function, however, remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of a 12-week course of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) exercise on T cell helper (Th) reaction in patients with type 2 DM. METHODS A case-control study was performed in 30 pairs of patients with type 2 DM and normal age-matched adults. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, mediators (interleukin (IL)-12, IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)beta) and transcription factors (T-bet, GATA-3 and FoxP3) of Th1/Th2/T regulatory (Treg) reaction were measured before and after a 12-week TCC exercise programme. RESULTS Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels in the patients with type 2 DM were significantly higher than in age-matched controls before exercise. After TCC exercise, HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 DM significantly decreased (7.59 (0.32)% vs 7.16 (0.22)%; p = 0.047) and blood levels of IL-12 increased significantly (5.96 (1.10) vs 12.96 (3.07); p = 0.035). To study the molecular Th1/Th2/Treg reaction, patients with type 2 DM were found to have lower T-bet but not GATA-3 or FoxP3 expression than normal controls before TCC exercise. After the 12-week TCC exercise T-bet expression significantly increased in patients with type 2 DM. CONCLUSIONS A 12-week TCC exercise programme decreases HbA1c levels along with an increase in the Th1 reaction. A combination of TCC with medication may provide an even better improvement in both metabolism and immunity of patients with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Yang KD, Ou CY, Hsu TY, Chang JC, Chuang H, Liu CA, Liang HM, Kuo HC, Chen RF, Huang EY. Interaction of maternal atopy, CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and gender on antenatal immunoglobulin E production. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:680-7. [PMID: 17456215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic heritability and maternal atopy have been correlated to antenatal IgE production, but very few studies have studied gene-maternal atopy interaction on antenatal IgE production. This study investigated the interaction of CTLA-4 polymorphism with prenatal factors on the elevation of cord blood IgE (CBIgE). METHODS Pregnant women were antenatally recruited for collection of prenatal environmental factors by a questionnaire. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected for CBIgE detection by fluorescence-linked enzyme assay and CTLA-4 polymorphism measurement by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS A total of 1104 pregnant women initially participated in this cohort study, and 898 of them completed cord blood collection. 21.4% of the newborns had elevation of CBIgE (>or=0.5 kU/L). The CTLA-4+49A allele (P=0.021), maternal atopy (P<0.001) and gender (P=0.034), but not the CTLA-4+49G allele, -318C allele, -318T allele, parental smoking or paternal atopy, were significantly correlated with the CBIgE elevation in multivariate analysis. A dichotomous analysis of gene-maternal atopy interactions identified maternal atopy and CTLA-4+49A allele had an additive effect on the CBIgE elevation, especially prominent in male newborns; and in the absence of maternal atopy, CTLA-4+49GG genotype had a protective effect on CBIgE elevation in female newborns. CONCLUSIONS Maternal but not paternal atopy has significant impacts on CBIgE elevation depending on gender and CTLA-4+49A/G polymorphism of newborns. Control of maternal atopy and modulation of CTLA-4 expression in the prenatal stage may be a target for the early prevention of perinatal allergy sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang AG, Chu QL, He WH, Xia T, Liu JL, Zhang M, Nussler AK, Chen XM, Yang KD. Effects on protein and mRNA expression levels of p53 induced by fluoride in human embryonic hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2005; 158:158-63. [PMID: 15950406 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of protein and mRNA expression levels on p53 induced by fluoride in human embryo hepatocyte L-02 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of p53 in L-02 cells were measured after in vitro cultured L-02 was exposed to sodium fluoride at different doses (40, 80, and 160 microg/ml) for 24 h. The results showed that the cell survival rate of L-02 cells in the high dose fluoride group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The protein expression levels of p53 in the middle and high dose fluoride group were significantly higher than in the control group and elevated with increasing fluoride concentration. The mRNA expression levels of p53 in the fluoride groups were markedly higher than in the control group. The mRNA expression level of p53 in the high dose fluoride group was however lower compared to the middle dose fluoride group, but similar to the low dose fluoride group. These finding suggest that fluoride can decrease the L-02 cells survival rate and induce protein and mRNA expressions of p53; however, there is no consistency between the protein expression level of p53 and the mRNA expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Heath, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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25
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Chien WY, Yang KD, Eng HL, Hu YH, Lee PY, Wang ST, Wang PW. Increased plasma concentration of nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes but not in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance. Diabetes & Metabolism 2005; 31:63-8. [PMID: 15803115 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is a key element in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The results of recent experiments on insulin-mediated vasodilatation have suggested that vascular insensitivity is a component of IR. However, it is still controversial that patients with type 2 diabetes have a decreased ability of insulin to increase endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release. METHOD Plasma concentration of NO was examined in 26 patients with type 2 diabetes and 78 nondiabetic volunteers during an insulin suppression test. The test measured the efficacy of insulin in promoting disposal of the infused glucose load, in which the steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) during the 150-180 min of the test was used as an index of IR. Plasma NO levels were assayed by measurement of the stable end products of their metabolism. Comparison of plasma NO levels between groups were performed by Mann-Whitney test and relationships between SSPG and different variables were analyzed by partial correlations. RESULTS Our results showed that the plasma NO levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group. When the nondiabetic subjects were analyzed according to their SSPG levels, there was no difference of plasma NO levels between those with SSPG>160 mg/dl and those with SSPG<160 mg/dl. There were also no difference of NO levels between those with a family history of type 2 diabetes and those without. In the nondiabetic group, SSPG correlated with BMI, fasting insulin, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol, but neither with plasma NO levels nor fasting plasma glucose. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that the impairment of NO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes is due to an impaired effect rather than its production. This altered NO signaling pathway is not an early event in insulin resistant individuals. Any such changes will not be apparent until type 2 diabetes with overt hyperglycemia develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Wang AG, Xia T, Yuan J, Yu RA, Yang KD, Chen XM, Qu W, Waalkes MP. Effects of phenobarbital on metabolism and toxicity of diclofenac sodium in rat hepatocytes in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1647-53. [PMID: 15304311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DF-Na) was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in various aspects of inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of phenobarbital (PB) on metabolism and toxicity of DF-Na in vitro and explore the potential mechanism of DF-Na induced hepatotoxicity. Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a modification of the two-step in situ collagenase perfusion technique and the harvested rat hepatocytes were cultured with sandwich method. Control or PB (2 mM) pre-treated hepatocytes were incubated with DF-Na (0.1, 0.05 or 0.01 mM) in vitro and cytosolic enzyme leakage levels, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity, and metabolite content of DF-Na in cell culture medium were measured. The results showed that without any treatment hepatocyte CYP 3A activity gradually decreased with culture time. On day four, CYP 3A activity was 53% of the initial value. The decline of CYP 3A was partially reversed by CYP inducer PB, and the maximum induction of CYP 3A was 2.2-fold over control after continuous exposure of hepatocytes to 2 mM PB for 48 h. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transamine (ALT) activity and the contents of the DF-Na metabolites 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'-OH-DF) and 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF) in media appeared to increase with increasing DF-Na concentrations, though there were no significant differences between DF-Na exposed and control hepatocytes. However, if the hepatocytes first were pre-treated with 2 mM PB for 2 days and then exposed to DF-Na, the concentrations of DF-Na metabolites and the activity of LDH in the media were significantly higher than that of control group. These findings suggest that the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of DF-Na in rat hepatocytes are increased when hepatic CYP 3A activity is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Yang KD, Liu CA, Chang JC, Chuang H, Ou CY, Hsu TY, Wang CL. Polymorphism of the immune-braking gene CTLA-4 (+49) involved in gender discrepancy of serum total IgE levels and allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:32-7. [PMID: 14720259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of genes are related to allergic disorders in different ethnic populations. The genetic basis for the gender discrepancy of allergic diseases remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate whether IL-4 promoter (-590 C/T) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (+49 A/G) polymorphisms were correlated with a gender discrepancy of total IgE levels and allergic diseases in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1333 participants aged 19-49 years were enrolled in this study. Allergic diseases were recognized by the presence of asthma, rhinitis or atopic dermatitis in conjunction with detectable specific IgE in the blood. Polymorphisms of IL-4 promoter (-590) and CTLA-4 (+49) were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Males or females with allergic diseases had higher total IgE levels than those without (P=0.000). Females with the A/A genotype in the CTLA-4 (+49) position had significantly higher total IgE levels than those with A/G, and those with the G/G genotype had the lowest IgE levels (154.9 vs. 107.1 vs. 79.8 KU/L; mean log values: 1.79 vs. 1.65 vs. 1.54, P< 0.001). However, males with different genotypes in the CTLA-4 (+49) position exhibited no difference in the total IgE levels. Females with allergic rhinitis had a significantly higher frequency of the A/A genotype in the CTLA-4 (+49) polymorphism than those without atopic diseases (P=0.016). In contrast, males with and without allergic disorders exhibited no significant difference in the CTLA-4 (+49) polymorphisms (P>0.05). The IL-4 promoter (-590) polymorphisms, however, had no correlation with the total IgE levels or allergic diseases in either females or males. CONCLUSION In females only, the CTLA-4 (+49), but not the IL-4 promoter (-590), polymorphism was significantly associated with elevation of total IgE levels and allergic rhinitis. Here, we have, for the first time, demonstrated a gender-linked genetic relationship with allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Departments of Medical Research and Obstetrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Wang FS, Yang KD, Kuo YR, Wang CJ, Sheen-Chen SM, Huang HC, Chen YJ. Temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in extracorporeal shock wave-promoted healing of segmental defect. Bone 2003; 32:387-96. [PMID: 12689682 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) is a noninvasive acoustic wave, which has recently been demonstrated to promote bone repair. The actual healing mechanism triggered by ESW has not yet been identified. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been implicated as playing an important role in bone development and fracture healing. In this study, we aimed to examine the involvement of BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, and BMP-7 expression in ESW promotion of fracture healing. Rats with a 5-mm segmental femoral defect were given ESW treatment using 500 impulses at 0.16 mJ/mm(2). Femurs and calluses were subjected to immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. Histological observation demonstrated that fractured femurs received ESW treatment underwent intensive mesenchymal cell aggregation, hypertrophic chondrogenesis, and endochondral/intramembrane ossification, resulting in the healing of segmental defect. Aggregated mesenchymal cells at the defect, chondrocytes at the hypertrophic cartilage, and osteoblasts adjunct to newly formed woven bone showed intensive proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. ESW treatment significantly promoted BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, and BMP-7 mRNA expression of callus as determined by RT-PCR, and BMP immunoreactivity appeared throughout the bone regeneration period. Mesenchymal cells and immature chondrocytes showed intensive BMP-2, BMP-3, and BMP-4 immunoreactivity. BMP-7 expression was evident on osteoblasts located at endochondral ossification junction. Our findings suggest that BMP play an important role in signaling ESW-activated cell proliferation and bone regeneration of segmental defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-S Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin TY, Chang LY, Huang YC, Hsu KH, Chiu CH, Yang KD. Different proinflammatory reactions in fatal and non-fatal enterovirus 71 infections: implications for early recognition and therapy. Acta Paediatr 2003; 91:632-5. [PMID: 12162592 DOI: 10.1080/080352502760069016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The mechanism of pulmonary oedema, a life-threatening manifestation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis, is unclear. Our aim was to assess the relationship of proinflammatory cytokines to EV71-related pulmonary oedema. METHODS Proinflammatory responses in 33 EV71 patients with various complications and 21 normal healthy children were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS EV71 patients with both encephalitis and pulmonary oedema were found to have much higher levels of blood interleukin-6 (IL-6) (947 +/- 1239 vs 4.9 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, p = 0.0003), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (22.4 +/- 29.5 vs 5.3 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, p = 0.0035), interleukin Ibeta (IL-1beta) (48.4 +/- 85.2 vs 4.9 +/- 10.1 pg/ml, p = 0.01), white blood cell count (28.3 +/- 7.6 vs 15.5 +/- 6.8 10(9)/L, p > or = 0.0001) and blood glucose (501 +/- 186 vs 165 +/- 117 mg/dL, p = 0.0009) than patients with EV71 encephalitis alone. In fact, the cytokine levels in patients with encephalitis only or in those without complications were not significantly different from the levels found in normal children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of IL-6 > 70 pg/ml for EV71 encephalitis with pulmonary oedema were all 100%. CONCLUSION Patients with EV71-related encephalitis combined with pulmonary oedema were found to have significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the best predictor for this complicated condition was found to be the level of serum IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Wang FS, Yang KD, Chen RF, Wang CJ, Sheen-Chen SM. Extracorporeal shock wave promotes growth and differentiation of bone-marrow stromal cells towards osteoprogenitors associated with induction of TGF-beta1. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84:457-61. [PMID: 12002511 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.84b3.11609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock-wave (ESW) treatment has been shown to be effective in promoting the healing of fractures. We aimed to determine whether ESW could enhance the growth of bone-marrow osteoprogenitor cells. We applied ESW to the left femur of rats 10 mm above the knee at 0.16 mJ/mm2 in a range of between 250 and 2000 impulses. Bone-marrow cells were harvested after ESW for one day and subjected to assessment of colony-forming unit (CFU) granulocytes, monocytes, erythocytes, megakaryocytes (CFU-Mix), CFU-stromal cells (CFU-S) and CFU-osteoprogenitors (CFU-O). We found that the mean value for the CFU-O colonies after treatment with 500 impulses of ESW was 168.2 CFU-O/well (SEM 11.3) compared with 88.2 CFU-O/well (SEM 7.2) in the control group. By contrast, ESW treatment did not affect haematopoiesis as shown by the CFU-Mix (p = 0.557). Treatment with 250 and 500 impulses promoted CFU-O, but not CFU-Mix formations whereas treatment with more than 750 impulses had an inhibiting effect. Treatment with 500 impulses also enhanced the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase in the subculture of CFU-O (p<0.01), indicating a selective promotion of growth of osteoprogenitor cells. Similarly, formation of bone nodules in the long-term culture of bone-marrow osteoprogenitor cells was also significantly enhanced by ESW treatment with 500 impulses. The mean production of TGF-beta1 was 610 pg/ml (SEM 84.6) in culture supernatants from ESW-treated rats compared with 283 pg/ml (SEM 36.8) in the control group. Our findings suggest that optimal treatment with ESW could enhance rat bone-marrow stromal growth and differentiation towards osteoprogenitors presumably by induction of TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang FS, Wang CJ, Huang HJ, Chung H, Chen RF, Yang KD. Physical shock wave mediates membrane hyperpolarization and Ras activation for osteogenesis in human bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:648-55. [PMID: 11563844 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical shock wave (SW) has shown effectiveness on promotion of bone growth. We have recently demonstrated that SW could promote bone marrow stromal cell differentiation toward osteoprogenitor associated with induction of TGF-beta1. We have further demonstrated that SW-induced membrane hyperpolarization and Ras activation acted an early signal for the osteogenesis in human bone marrow stromal cells. An optimal dose of SW treatment at 0.16 mJ/mm(2) for 500 impulses induced a rapid membrane hyperpolarization in 5 min, activation of Ras in 30 min, and cell proliferation in 2 days. The SW-promoted cell growth was related to osteogenesis as demonstrated by increase of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in 6 days and osteocalcin mRNA expression in 12 days. In support that SW-induced Ras activation mediated osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells, we further demonstrated that transfection of bone marrow stromal cells with a dominant negative Ras mutant (Asn-17 ras(H)) abrogated the SW enhancement of osteogenic transcription factor (CBFA1) activation, osteocalcin mRNA expression, and bone nodule formations. These results suggest that physical SW promotes bone marrow stromal cell differentiation toward osteogenic lineage via membrane hyperpolarization, followed by Ras activation and specific osteogenic transcription factor CBFA1 expression. A link between physical SW and biomembrane perturbation-mediated Ras activation may highlight how noninvasive physical agents could be used to promote fracture healing and to rescue patients with osteoporosis and osteopenic disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether a single dose of nebulized budesonide effectively decreased airway inflammation as demonstrated by exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels. A single dose of nebulized budesonide, but not nebulized terbutaline, rapidly decreased eNO levels in 6 hours. The decrease in eNO levels induced by nebulized budesonide was correlated to an increase in peak expiratory flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The field of phagocytic disorders has attained major biologic and clinical significance in the past 40 years. The development of exciting new techniques in molecular biology and the cellular physiology of signal transduction have made it possible to identify the genetic defects involved in many of these disorders. Moreover through immunopharmacologic intervention, bone marrow or peripheral or cord blood stem cell transplantation along with the prospect of gene therapy, we have begun attempts to at least partially correct genetic defects in cell development and activation pathways in the entire spectrum of phagocyte disorders. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis employing with chain reaction techniques or direct nucleotide sequencing in fetal blood have made these diseases potentially preventable or treatable in utero or shortly after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Hung CH, Hua YM, Lee MY, Tsai YG, Yang KD. Evaluation of different nebulized bronchodilators on clinical efficacy and hypokalemia in asthmatic children. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:287-90. [PMID: 11729705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute asthma attack continues to be a major cause for children admitted to the emergency room. Nebulized beta 2-adrenergic agonists are still the first-line drugs for a rapid bronchodilation effect and an easily administered drug during acute asthma attack. The bronchodilator-induced hypokalemia is thought significant in adult group, but is often ignored in children group. In this study, we conducted a randomized study to compare the laboratory and clinical effects between nebulized salbutamol and terbutaline. We found that both salbutamol and terbutaline nebulization induced a significant hypokalemia (p < 0.05). Terbutaline nebulization also significantly improved the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and respiratory rate (RR), but not venous partial pressure of oxygen (PvO2), venous carbon dioxide tension (PvCO2) and O2 saturation in venous blood (SvO2). In contrast, salbutamol improved not only PEFR and RR, but also PvO2, PvCO2, and SvO2 30 minutes of administration. In conclusion, the nebulized salbutamol, although induced a hypokalemic effect which is similar to terbutaline group, has a better effect on improving O2 saturation than nebulized terbutaline with the same dose 30 minutes after administered for children with acute asthma attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-service General Hospital, 40, Sec. 3, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Abstract
The effect of shock wave therapy on acute fractures of the tibia was studied in eight adult dogs. A fracture with a 3-mm gap was created in both tibias and the fractures were fixed internally with a small metallic plate and screws. Each of the right limbs received 2,000 impulses of shock waves at 14 kV whereas the left limbs were used as controls. The evaluations included the callus formations based on serial radiographic examinations at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and histologic examinations at 12 weeks for tissue distribution including bone tissues. Based on radiographic findings, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of callus formation between the treated and the control groups at 8 weeks or less. However, the radiographic findings at 12 weeks statistically showed more callus formations in the treated group. In histologic examinations, there was significantly more cortical bone formation in the treated group at 12 weeks and the bone tissues were thicker, denser, and heavier. Shock wave therapy enhanced callus formation and induced cortical bone formation in acute fractures in dogs at 12 weeks. The effect of shock wave therapy seemed to be time-dependent at 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Taiwan
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Abstract
A prospective clinical study investigated the effectiveness of shock waves in the treatment of 72 patients with 72 nonunions of long bone fractures (41 femurs, 19 tibias, seven humeri, one radius, three ulnas and one metatarsal). The doses of shock waves were 6,000 impulses at 28 kV for the femur and tibia, 3,000 impulses at 28 kV for the humerus, 2,000 impulses at 24 kV for the radius and ulna, and 1,000 impulses at 20 kV for the metatarsal. The results of treatment were assessed clinically, and fracture healing was assessed with plain radiographs and tomography. The rate of bony union was 40% at 3 months, 60.9% at 6 months, and 80% at 12 months followup. Shock wave treatment was most successful in hypertrophic nonunions and nonunions with a defect and was least effective in atrophic nonunions. There were no systemic complications or device-related problems. Local complications included petechiae and hematoma formation that resolved spontaneously. In the authors' experience, the results of shock wave treatment were similar to the results of surgical treatment for chronic nonunions with no surgical risks. Shock wave treatment is a safe and effective alternative method in the treatment of chronic nonunions of long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Taiwan
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Hung CH, Hua YM, Huang CF, Luo WT, Yang KD, Chu ML, Wang CC. Chronic granulomatous disease: a case report. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:281-4. [PMID: 11393130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease is one form of the phagocyte function disorder. Unlike most patients with chronic granulomatous disease who develop signs and symptoms of chronic and recurrent pyogenic infections during the first 2 years of life, patients with mild forms of the disease may not present until the teenage years or even adulthood. Thus, the diagnosis in these mild-form patients is often delayed. This paper describes a patient with the mild form of chronic granulomatous disease. A 7-year-old boy was admitted to our ward with intermittent high fever and a left neck mass present for about 1 week. He had a history of persistent infection in the bilateral lower face lasting for about 1 year during his fourth year of life. Family history was unremarkable except that the patient's elder sister had a history of persistent oral mucosal wound infection for about 1 year during the fifth year of life. On physical examination, there were scars over the patient's bilateral lower face. Bacterial culture of pus drained from the neck mass revealed Burkholderia cepacia, a rare species in patients without immunodeficiency. A series of antibiotics, including oxacillin, clindamycin, and piperacillin, was given, and two incision operations for drainage and debridement were performed. The neck mass resolved completely about 1.5 months later. This history indicated that the patient might have chronic granulomatous disease. A definite absence of superoxide activity in the patient's granulocytes detected by chemiluminescence and nitroblue tetrazolium dye test confirmed this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang KD, Yang MY, Li CC, Lin SF, Chong MC, Wang CL, Chen RF, Lin TY. Altered cellular but not humoral reactions in children with complicated enterovirus 71 infections in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:850-6. [PMID: 11237800 DOI: 10.1086/319255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2000] [Revised: 12/05/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV 71) infections have high neurovirulence and fatality. Immune responses were assessed in 78 patients with EV 71 infection. EV 71 meningoencephalitis occurred more frequently in younger children and in boys. C-reactive protein levels were not elevated, although total leukocyte counts were increased in these patients. The CD40-ligand expression on T cells significantly decreased in children with meningoencephalitis (P=.041). Polymorphism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) at position 49 of exon 1 showed a higher frequency of G/G genotype in patients with EV 71 meningoencephalitis than in those without meningoencephalitis (18/31 vs. 14/47; P=.045) and in control subjects (18/31 vs. 25/93l; P=.007). Specific EV 71 neutralizing antibody titers were detectable but did not differ in children with and without meningoencephalitis in the acute and convalescent stages. Results from this study suggest that younger children with a certain CTLA-4 polymorphism and altered cellular but not humoral response may be linked to EV 71 meningoencephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Niau-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Yang KD, Yeh WT, Yang MY, Chen RF, Shaio MF. Antibody-dependent enhancement of heterotypic dengue infections involved in suppression of IFNgamma production. J Med Virol 2001; 63:150-7. [PMID: 11170052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement has been implicated in some outbreaks of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever, however, the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement is not well known. This study was conducted to investigate the cross-protection and cross-enhancement of dengue-2 virus infections by dengue-1 immune sera. It was found that dengue-1 immune sera at 1:5 dilution (n = 12) could neutralize dengue-2 infections in BHK-21 cells, as assessed by a standard plaque-reduction neutralization assay. Two-thirds of the dengue-1 immune sera at 1:25 dilution demonstrated neutralizing effects for dengue-2 infections, whereas, non-immune sera revealed no neutralization for dengue-2 infections in BHK-21 cells. Human mononuclear leukocytes in response to dengue-2 infections elicited a T cell helper 1 (Th1) response revealing induction of IFNgamma but not IL-4 production. Dengue-1 immune sera did not neutralize dengue-2 infections in mononuclear leukocytes. Subneutralizing titers of dengue-1 immune sera at 1:250, but not at 1:10 dilution, enhanced dengue-2 infections in mononuclear leukocytes (1.2 +/- 0.7 x 10(4) vs. 2.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(2) PFU/ml). The enhancement of dengue-2 infections in mononuclear leukocytes by dengue-1 immune sera at 1:250 was associated with an increase in the lymphocyte proliferation index, and a decrease in IFNgamma production (56 +/- 24 vs. 12 +/- 3 pg/ml). The addition of IFNgamma (0.1 microg/ml) suppressed significantly the antibody-dependent enhancement induced by dengue-1 immune sera, whereas the presence of anti-IFNgamma F(ab)2 antibody augmented the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Results from this study suggest that suppression of Th1 response may be involved in the antibody-dependent enhancement of heterotypic dengue infections. Better regulation of Th1/Th2 reactions may be useful for prevention of heterotypic immune enhancement of dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen RF, Yeh WT, Yang MY, Yang KD. A model of the real-time correlation of viral titers with immune reactions in antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue-2 infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2001; 30:1-7. [PMID: 11172984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb01542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We simultaneously assessed dengue-2 virus (DEN-2) titers by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immune reactions including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by human mononuclear cells (MNLs) in a model of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). We found that DEN-1 immune sera at 1:100 and 1:250, but not those at 1:10 or control sera, enhanced DEN-2 infections in human MNLs as assessed by the fluorogenic RT-PCR technique. The enhanced profiles of DEN-2 infections determined by the RT-PCR in 6 h were reproducible by the standard plaque-forming unit (PFU) measurement established after 7 days. The ADE-enhanced DEN-2 titers determined by the RT-PCR were 5.5-33-fold higher than those detected by PFU assay, suggesting that total virions during infections were much higher than the viable ones detected by PFU assay. MNLs in response to DEN-2 infections had higher IFN-gamma and PGE(2) production. However, the enhancement of DEN-2 infections by DEN-1 immune sera in MNLs was not associated with further enhancement of IFN-gamma production. In contrast, the presence of subneutralizing DEN-1 immune sera that enhanced DEN-2 infections also enhanced PGE(2) but not IL-4 production. The results of this study suggest that ADE of DEN-2 infections associated with induction of immunosuppressive mediators such as PGE(2) and IL-4 can be simultaneously assessed in a real-time fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Chen
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niau-Sung, 833, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yang KD, Chen MZ, Teng RJ, Yang MY, Liu HC, Chen RF, Hsu TY, Shaio MF. A model to study antioxidant regulation of endotoxemia-modulated neonatal granulopoiesis and granulocyte apoptosis. Pediatr Res 2000; 48:829-34. [PMID: 11102554 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200012000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neonates with septicemia tend to develop granulocytopenia, which may, in part, be due to septic mediators such as oxygen free radicals and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Granulocytopenia may be caused by a decrease in granulocyte growth and/or an increase in granulocyte destruction. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant regulation of endotoxin-modulated neonatal granulopoiesis and granulocyte apoptosis. Using human umbilical cord blood (HUCB), we found that simulating endotoxemia in vitro elicited significant superoxide production within a few minutes. Endotoxin exposure suppressed colony-forming unit-granulocyte and monocyte formation in a dose-dependent fashion. Addition of antioxidants such as N-acetyl-cysteine could reverse the endotoxin suppression of colony-forming unit-granulocyte and monocyte formation (13 +/- 5 versus 75 +/- 5 colony-forming units/mL). Spontaneous in vitro granulocyte apoptosis in 6 h, as reflected by phosphatidylserine expression on the cell surface, was higher in granulocytes from HUCB than in those from adult blood (10.8 +/- 1.0% versus 5.6 +/- 1.2%). The addition of endotoxin or IL-8 to the cells in the in vitro model did not promote granulocyte apoptosis, but TNF-alpha, a major mediator of the effects of endotoxin, significantly induced granulocyte apoptosis in HUCB (control versus TNF-alpha: 8.9 +/- 1.2% versus 35.9 +/- 2.9%). Addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine effectively blocked TNF-alpha-induced granulocyte apoptosis as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. Results from these studies indicate that oxygen radicals are directly involved in endotoxin suppression of granulopoiesis, and indirectly promote granulocyte apoptosis, presumably through TNF-alpha-mediated action. Thus, under certain conditions, modulation of oxygen radical production in the blood may benefit neonates with granulocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Yang KD. Childhood asthma: aspects of global environment, genetics and management. Chang Gung Med J 2000; 23:641-61. [PMID: 11190374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma in children dramatically increased over the past two decades. In Taiwan, the prevalence of childhood asthma has risen to around 10% in the 1990s, in contrast to a prevalence of about 1% in the 1970s. Currently, Australia and New Zealand have the highest prevalence in the world (> 15%). African and Asian countries have a low prevalence of about 5 to 10%. In general, countries in coastal, temperate and subtropical zones have the highest mite-sensitive asthma prevalence. Countries in the subarctic or in semiarid areas have a lower prevalence. Indoor allergens such as house dust mites, cockroaches and fungi usually cause perennial asthma; outdoor allergens such as grass and tree pollens as well as outdoor fungi induce seasonal asthma. A gene on chromosome 11q13 is significantly linked to maternal inheritance of asthma, and possibly involves polymorphisms in the beta subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor. Cytokine genes in chromosome 5q31-33 are known to regulate IgE production resulting in various severities of allergic diseases. Recent studies suggest that pollutants such as diesel exhaust, O3, NO2, and SO2, together with allergens and susceptible genes are likely to promote IgE production and allergic reactions. As a result, asthma is apparently not a single gene disorder, but a disease determined by the interaction between gene and environment. In practice, immunopharmacological interventions to block IgE-mediated early bronchospasm and late inflammatory reactions are the major regimens for asthma treatments. This makes possible a step-wise self-management based on portable monitoring of airway resistance using the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Early avoidance of allergen exposure in utero as well as early anti-inflammatory therapy in infancy have decreased the prevalence of allergic diseases. A combination of both strategies may bring much more benefit in the prevention of childhood asthma. As progress in therapeutic gene vaccines as well as genetic immunoregulation continues, we expect early environmental avoidance and genetic vaccines may prevent childhood asthma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Yu HR, Yang MY, Yeh WT, Yang KD. Common variable immunodeficiency with mosaic trisomy 8: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2000; 41:331-5. [PMID: 11198941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This case study reported a 17-year-old female of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) associated with bronchiectasis, pernicious anemia and mosaic trisomy 8. Clinically this patient presented with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, intractable diarrhea, macrocytic anemia, and primary amenorrhea. Immunological tests showed pan-hypogammaglobulinemia and a decrease of peripheral blood B cells (4%) and CD4+ cells (25%). Lymphoproliferative responses to mitogen (PHA) and specific antigen (BCG) were profoundly impaired in the patient in comparison to those in control. Production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the in vitro lymphoproliferation was also profoundly depressed. Pernicious anemia demonstrated by larger MCV (112.9 fl) and hyper-segmental granulocytes on peripheral blood smear responded to parental administration of vitamin B12. Interestingly, she had a mosaic trisomy 8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but normal 46XX karyotype in the bone marrow cells. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CVID associated with mosaic trisomy 8 reported in the literature. As the case exemplifies, CVID should be considered when the physicians evaluate the patient presenting with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, diarrhea, malnutrition, and pernicious anemia. It requires further study to explore whether the genes in the chromosome 8 are linked to CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 833, Taiwan
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Yang KD, Chao CY, Shaio MF. Pentoxifylline synergizes with all-trans retinoic acid to induce differentiation of HL-60 myelocytic cells, but suppresses tRA-augmented clonal growth of normal CFU-GM. Acta Haematol 2000; 99:191-9. [PMID: 9644296 DOI: 10.1159/000040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (tRA) has been shown to promote terminal differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells, but frequently induce hyperleukocytosis and pulmonary leakage syndrome. Employing pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which could raise intracellular cAMP and modulate leukocyte activation, we sought to investigate if PTX could enhance tRA-induced promyelocytic leukemic cell differentiation but suppress tRA-augmented growth and activation of human granulocytes. tRA could significantly suppress clonal growth of U937 and HL-60 leukemic cells but enhanced the CFU-GM formation of normal bone marrow cells (22 +/- 6 vs. 90 +/- 16 CFU/well). PTX significantly augmented tRA suppression of clonal growth of U937 and HL-60 leukemic cells but suppressed tRA-augmented CFU-GM formation of normal bone marrow cells (90 +/- 16 vs. 25 +/- 9 CFU/well). In addition, PTX enhanced tRA-induced growth inhibition and differentiation of promyelocytic HL-60 leukemic cells, but suppressed respiratory burst activation by the immature granulocytic HL-60 cells and suppressed CD11b adhesion molecule expression by mature granulocytes. PTX similar to dibutyric cAMP promoted HL-60 myelocytic leukemic cell differentiation and growth inhibition, whereas PTX, in contrast to dibutyric cAMP which could augment phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-elicited respiratory burst activity by immature granulocytes, suppressed the PMA-elicited respiratory burst activity by immature and mature granulocytes. PTX did not raise the intracellular cAMP level of HL-60 cells, but partly suppressed the dibutyric cAMP-elicited elevation of intracellular cAMP level. Results from these studies suggest that PTX might act through different signaling pathways to enhance tRA-induced myelocytic leukemic cell differentiation but prevent from hyperreactive normal granulopoiesis and granulocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jan JT, Chen BH, Ma SH, Liu CI, Tsai HP, Wu HC, Jiang SY, Yang KD, Shaio MF. Potential dengue virus-triggered apoptotic pathway in human neuroblastoma cells: arachidonic acid, superoxide anion, and NF-kappaB are sequentially involved. J Virol 2000; 74:8680-91. [PMID: 10954569 PMCID: PMC116379 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.18.8680-8691.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct in vivo evidence for the susceptibility of human neuronal cells to dengue virus has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that type 2 dengue (DEN-2) virus infection induced extensive apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) was activated by DEN-2 infection, which led to the generation of arachidonic acid (AA). Inhibition of PLA(2) activity by the PLA(2) inhibitors, AACOCF(3) and ONO-RS-082, diminished DEN-2 virus-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin, thought to increase AA accumulation by blocking AA catabolism, enhanced apoptosis. Exogenous AA induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxide anion, which is thought to be generated through the AA-activated NADPH oxidase, was increased after infection. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) protected cells against DEN-2 virus-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, generation of superoxide anion was blocked by AACOCF(3). In addition, the transcription factors, NF-kappaB and c-Jun, were found to be activated after DEN-2 virus infection. However, pretreatment of cells with oligodeoxynucleotides containing NF-kappaB, but not c-Jun, binding sites (transcription factor decoy) strongly prevented dengue virus-induced apoptosis. The finding that AACOCF(3) and SOD significantly block activation of NF-kappaB suggests that this activation is derived from the AA-superoxide anion pathway. Our results indicate that DEN-2 virus infection of human neuroblastoma cells triggers an apoptotic pathway through PLA(2) activation to superoxide anion generation and subsequently to NF-kappaB activation. This apoptotic effect can be either directly derived from the action of AA and superoxide anion on mitochondria or indirectly derived from the products of apoptosis-related genes activated by NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
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Chen CC, Huang JL, Yang KD, Chen HJ. Atopic cataracts in a child with atopic dermatitis: a case report and review of the literature. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2000; 18:69-71. [PMID: 12546060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Cataracts induced by atopic dermatitis rarely occur in adolescent and young adult patients suffering from this problem. Lenticular opacity is an important ocular complication in atopic dermatitis. Although the cause of atopic dermatitis and its ocular complications are unknown, cataracts have been observed to develop and progress during periods of exacerbation of the dermatitis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis who abruptly developed cataracts in both eyes while suffering from severe skin itching which began 2 months before the initial examination. His peroxidation test result was very high, and we postulate the retinal peroxidation might play a key role in cataractogenesis. Lens aspiration and intraocular artificial lens implantation were performed smoothly with restoration of visual acuity in both eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chen
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Huang HC, Yang MY, Huang CB, Yang KD. Profiles of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from premature infants with respiratory distress disease. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2000; 33:19-24. [PMID: 10806959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In view of cytokine's effects in promoting or inhibiting inflammation, the objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the inhibitory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of premature infants suffering from respiratory distress disease. Eighteen premature neonates with respiratory distress disease with gestational age (GA) ranging from 24 to 37 weeks were recruited for study. BAL fluids were collected following endotracheal intubation during an episode of hypoxemia or dyspnea. A series of BAL samples were obtained on day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after intubation for measuring IL-8 and IL-10 levels. The results indicate that premature infants with GA ranging from 24 to 32 weeks had a higher level of IL-8 (p = 0.029), but not level of IL-10 (p = 0.109), in the BAL obtained during the first intubation compared to premature infants with GA ranging from 33 to 37 weeks. The administration of exogenous surfactant did not influence the profiles of IL-8 and IL-10, as compared to those in-patients without treatment. Levels of IL-8 were correlated with IL-10 levels (r = 0.613, p = 0.007) in BAL fluid samples obtained on the day of intubation. The level of IL-8, but not IL-10, was significantly correlated with the duration of intubation. IL-8 and IL-10 levels in BAL fluid samples collected on the day of intubation were correlated with the development of chronic lung disease (CLD). The results suggest that extreme prematurity tends to have increased IL-8 and IL-10 levels in BAL fluid compared to premature infants with older GA, and that these increased levels are associated with the development of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Huang
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Kaohsiung and Chang Gung University at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Decreased glutamine concentrations are found in patients with catabolic stress and are related to susceptibility to infections. In this study, we evaluated the role of glutamine in Th1/Th2 cytokine responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or measles virus in the presence of different glutamine concentrations. We found that glutamine at an optimal concentration (0.6 mM) significantly enhanced PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation as well as Th1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) production. In the absence of glutamine, BCG and measles virus elicited minimal lymphocyte proliferation, whereas BCG enhanced Th1 cytokine response and measles virus promoted Th2 cytokine response. Interestingly, addition of glutamine promoted the BCG-elicited Th1 cytokine response (IFN-gamma), but suppressed the measles-induced Th2 cytokine response (IL-10). These results suggest that appropriate glutamine levels may influence host responses to different antigens and microorganisms. Furthermore, predominately Th1, but not Th2, cytokine responses required the presence of optimal concentrations of glutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Decreased glutamine concentrations are found during catabolic stress and are related to susceptibility to infections. However, little is known about the mechanism of glutamine modulation of lymphocyte functions. Glutamine is not only an important energy source in mitochondria, but is also a precursor of glutamate, which is used for cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis in lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of glutamine on the redox reaction during lymphocyte proliferation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from healthy adult volunteers, were cultured and stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of different glutamine concentrations. Cells were harvested and prepared for analysis of lymphocyte proliferation, cell cycle propagation, intracellular glutathione levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that glutamine supplementation significantly enhanced PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and propagation of the cell cycle from the G1 to S and G2/M phases. Glutamine also enhanced production of both intracellular ROS and GSH levels in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis by the mercury orange staining method showed that glutamine significantly enhanced intracellular non-protein thiols in PHA-stimulated CD4+, but not CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, intracellular GSH detected by monochlorobimane dye probe showed that glutamine enhanced GSH both in PHA-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. Inadequate glutamine supplementation resulted in decreased lymphocyte proliferation in association with decreased levels of intracellular GSH. Addition of exogenous GSH significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, whereas blockade of GSH synthesis enhanced ROS production and suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. These results suggest that the modulation of PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation by glutamine is closely related to the maintenance of appropriate intracellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defence Medical Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
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Hung CH, Cheng SN, Hua YM, Wang CL, Chen YH, Yang KD. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency disorder: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 1999; 40:128-31. [PMID: 10910603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a case of leukocyte adhesion deficiency disorder confirmed by flow cytometry and leukocyte chemotaxis assays is reported. The 32-day-old female infant was admitted to our ward on account of delayed umbilical cord detachment and omphalitis. After admission, hemogram revealed severe leukocytosis (white blood cell (WBC) counts: 86,800/cumm), and there was poor clinical response to several kinds of antibiotics. The above history indicated that the patient might be a case of leukocyte adhesion deficiency disorder. A definite absence of CD11b/CD18 adhesion molecule on the patient's granulocytes and severe defects of leukocyte function demonstrated by chemotaxis, chemokinesis and zymosan-induced respiratory burst assays confirmed this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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