1
|
Bovari-Biri J, Abdelwahab EMM, Garai K, Pongracz JE. Prdx5 in the Regulation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Mutation-Induced Signaling Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:1713. [PMID: 37443747 PMCID: PMC10340296 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mutations directly affect mTORC activity and, as a result, protein synthesis. In several cancer types, TSC mutation is part of the driver mutation panel. TSC mutations have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tolerance to reactive oxygen species due to increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme activity, tolerance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin is frequently used in clinical applications to inhibit protein synthesis in cancers. Recently, TrxR inhibitor auranofin has also been involved in clinical trials to investigate the anticancer efficacy of the combination treatment with rapamycin. We aimed to investigate the molecular background of the efficacy of such drug combinations in treating neoplasia modulated by TSC mutations. (2) Methods: TSC2 mutant and TSC2 wild-type (WT) cell lines were exposed to rapamycin and auranofin in either mono- or combination treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential, TrxR enzyme activity, stress protein array, mRNA and protein levels were investigated via cell proliferation assay, electron microscopy, etc. (3) Results: Auranofin and rapamycin normalized mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced proliferation capacity of TSC2 mutant cells. Database analysis identified peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) as the joint target of auranofin and rapamycin. The auranofin and the combination of the two drugs reduced Prdx5 levels. The combination treatment increased the expression of heat shock protein 70, a cellular ER stress marker. (4) Conclusions: After extensive analyses, Prdx5 was identified as a shared target of the two drugs. The decreased Prdx5 protein level and the inhibition of both TrxR and mTOR by rapamycin and auranofin in the combination treatment made ER stress-induced cell death possible in TSC2 mutant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2. Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bovari-Biri J, Garai K, Banfai K, Csongei V, Pongracz JE. miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13040422. [PMID: 37185497 PMCID: PMC10136429 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The human body has several barriers that protect its integrity and shield it from mechanical, chemical, and microbial harm. The various barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and immune system. In the present review, the focus is on the physical barriers that are formed by cell layers. The barrier function is influenced by the molecular microenvironment of the cells forming the barriers. The integrity of the barrier cell layers is maintained by the intricate balance of protein expression that is partly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) both in the intracellular space and the extracellular microenvironment. The detection of changes in miRNA patterns has become a major focus of diagnostic, prognostic, and disease progression, as well as therapy-response, markers using a great variety of detection systems in recent years. In the present review, we highlight the importance of liquid biopsies in assessing barrier integrity and challenges in differential miRNA detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bovari-Biri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csongei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garai K, Adam Z, Herczeg R, Banfai K, Gyebrovszki A, Gyenesei A, Pongracz JE, Wilhelm M, Kvell K. Corrigendum: Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species-Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:794940. [PMID: 34880785 PMCID: PMC8648001 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Adam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adam Gyebrovszki
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Csenki Z, Garai E, Faisal Z, Csepregi R, Garai K, Sipos DK, Szabó I, Kőszegi T, Czéh Á, Czömpöly T, Kvell K, Poór M. The individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A with citrinin and their metabolites (ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, and dihydrocitrinone) on 2D/3D cell cultures, and zebrafish embryo models. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112674. [PMID: 34800554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A and citrinin are nephrotoxic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and/or Monascus species. The combined effects of ochratoxin A and citrinin have been examined in more studies; however, only limited data are available regarding the co-exposure to their metabolites. In this investigation, the individual toxic effects of ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, citrinin, and dihydrocitrinone were tested as well as the combinations of ochratoxin A with the latter mycotoxins were examined on 2D and 3D cell cultures, and on zebrafish embryos. Our results demonstrate that even subtoxic concentrations of certain mycotoxins can increase the toxic impact of ochratoxin A. In addition, typically additive effects or synergism were observed as the combined effects of mycotoxins tested. These observations highlight that different cell lines (e.g. MDBK vs. MDCK), cell cultures (e.g. 2D vs. 3D), and models (e.g. in vitro vs. in vivo) can show different (sometimes opposite) impacts. Mycotoxin combinations considerably increased miR-731 levels in zebrafish embryos, which is an early marker of the toxicity on kidney development. These results underline that the co-exposure to mycotoxins (and/or mycotoxin metabolites) should be seriously considered, since even the barely toxic mycotoxins (or metabolites) in combinations can cause significant toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Edina Garai
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Csepregi
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kánainé Sipos
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Árpád Czéh
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Soft Flow Ltd., Ürögi fasor 2/a, H-7634, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Czömpöly
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Soft Flow Ltd., Ürögi fasor 2/a, H-7634, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kvell
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garai K, Adam Z, Herczeg R, Banfai K, Gyebrovszki A, Gyenesei A, Pongracz JE, Wilhelm M, Kvell K. Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species-Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:658218. [PMID: 34408656 PMCID: PMC8365358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.658218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise initiates systemic adaptation to promote health and prevent various lifestyle-related chronic diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating exosomes mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise via the transfer of microRNAs between tissues. Yet to date, a comprehensive profile of the exosomal miRNA (exomiR) content released following short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise is still lacking. However, a better understanding of these miRNA species would assist in clarifying the role of regular exercise at the molecular level in the prevention of chronic diseases. In the present pilot studies we analyzed serum exomiR expression in healthy young, sedentary participants (n = 14; age: 23 ± 2 years) at baseline and following a half year-long moderate-intensity regular exercise training. We also analyzed serum exomiR expression in older, healthy trained participants (seniors, n = 11; age: 62 ± 6 years) who engaged in endurance activities for at least 25 years. Following the isolation and enrichment of serum exosomes using Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (TEI) their exomiR levels were determined using the amplification-free Nanostring platform. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the majority of exomiRs overlap for short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise. The top 12 significantly altered exomiRs (let-7a-5p; let-7g-5p; miR-130a-3p; miR-142-3p; miR-150-5p; miR-15a-5p; miR-15b-5p; miR-199a-3p; miR-199b-3p; miR-223-3p; miR-23a-3p, and miR-451a-3p) were used for further evaluation. According to KEGG pathway analysis a large portion of the exomiRs target chronic diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and viral infections. Our results provide evidence that exosomal miRNA modulation is the molecular mechanism through which regular exercise prevents various chronic diseases. The possibility of using such exomiRs to target diseases is of great interest. While further validation is needed, our comprehensive exomiR study presents, for the first time, the disease-preventive molecular pattern of both short and long-term regular exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Adam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adam Gyebrovszki
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boda F, Banfai K, Garai K, Kovacs B, Almasi A, Scheffer D, Sinkler RL, Csonka R, Czompoly T, Kvell K. Effect of Bitis gabonica and Dendroaspis angusticeps snake venoms on apoptosis-related genes in human thymic epithelial cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200057. [PMID: 33402885 PMCID: PMC7745260 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Certain environmental toxins permanently damage the thymic epithelium, accelerate immune senescence and trigger secondary immune pathologies. However, the exact underlying cellular mechanisms and pathways of permanent immune intoxication remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate gene expressional changes of apoptosis-related cellular pathways in human thymic epithelial cells following exposure to snake venom from Bitis gabonica and Dendroaspis angusticeps. Methods: Snake venoms were characterized by analytical methods including reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, then applied on human thymic epithelial cells (1889c) for 24 h at 10 μg/mL (as used in previous TaqMan Array study). Gene expressional changes restricted to apoptosis were assayed by TaqMan Array (Human Apoptosis Plate). Results: The most prominent gene expressional changes were shown by CASP5 (≈ 2.5 million-fold, confirmed by dedicated quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and CARD9 (0.016-fold) for B. gabonica, and BIRC7 (6.46-fold) and CASP1 (0.30-fold) for D. angusticeps. Conclusion: The observed apoptotic environment suggests that pyroptosis may be the dominant pathway through which B. gabonica and D. angusticeps snake venoms trigger thymic epithelial apoptosis following envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisc Boda
- Department F1, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Kovacs
- Department F1, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Almasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dalma Scheffer
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Lambertne Sinkler
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Csonka
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Czompoly
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Soft Flow Ltd., Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Food Biotechnology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garai K, Adam Z, Herczeg R, Katai E, Nagy T, Pal S, Gyenesei A, Pongracz JE, Wilhelm M, Kvell K. Artificial Neural Network Correlation and Biostatistics Evaluation of Physiological and Molecular Parameters in Healthy Young Individuals Performing Regular Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1242. [PMID: 31680991 PMCID: PMC6797842 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies support that regular physical activity (PA) decelerates senescence-related decline of physiological and molecular parameters in the elderly. We have addressed the other end of this spectrum: healthy and young, inactive individuals participated in a 6-month long personal trainer-guided lifestyle program. We have measured physiological and molecular parameters (differentiating high- and low responders) and their correlation with PA (sedentary status). Cluster analysis helped to distinguish individuals with high- or low PA and differentiate high- and low-responders of each parameter. The assessed cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, 6-min walking distance, relative VO2max), body composition parameters (body fat and muscle mass percentage) metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, HDL, LDL), immune parameters (cortisol, CRP, lymphocyte counts, hTREC) all showed improvement. Artificial neural network analysis (ANN) showed correlation efficiencies of physiological and molecular parameters using a concept-free approach. ANN analysis appointed PA as the mastermind of molecular level changes. Besides sedentary status, insulin and hTREC showed significant segregation. Biostatistics evaluation also supported the schism of participants for their sedentary status, insulin concentration and hTREC copy number. In the future ANN and biostatistics, may predict individual responses to regular exercise. Our program reveals that high responder individuals of certain parameters may be low responders of others. Our data show that moderate regular PA is essential to counteract senescence in young and healthy individuals, despite individual differences in responsiveness. Such PA may not seem important in the everyday life of young and healthy adults, but shall become the base for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Adam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Katai
- Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilard Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Wnt Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kovács NP, Almási A, Garai K, Kuzma M, Vancea S, Fischer E, Perjési P. Investigation of intestinal elimination and biliary excretion of ibuprofen in hyperglycemic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1080-1089. [PMID: 31340129 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo intestinal perfusion model was used to investigate how experimental hyperglycemia affects intestinal elimination and biliary excretion in the rat. Experimental diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.v.). The intestinal perfusion medium contained 250 μM (±)-ibuprofen. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV-visible detection was developed to quantitate ibuprofen in the intestinal perfusate, while a gradient method was applied to quantitate ibuprofen and ibuprofen-β-d-glucuronide in the bile. The limit of quantitation of ibuprofen was found to be 0.51 μM in the perfusate of the small intestine. In the bile, the limit of quantitation of ibuprofen and ibuprofen-β-d-glucuronide was 4.42 and 10.3 μM, respectively. Unconjugated ibuprofen and ibuprofen-β-d-glucuronide were detected in the bile; however, no β-d-glucuronide of ibuprofen could be detected in the intestinal perfusate. The results indicate that experimental diabetes can cause a decrease in the disappearance of ibuprofen from the small intestine. Excretion of both ibuprofen and ibuprofen-β-d-glucuronide decreased to the bile in experimental diabetes. The results can be explained by the results of molecular biological studies indicating streptozotocin-initiated alterations in the intestinal and hepatic transport processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémi-Piroska Kovács
- S. Salix Pharm SRL, Pandurilor str. 113, RO-540501, Târgu-Mureş, Romania.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Almási
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kuzma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szende Vancea
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureş, Gheorghe Marinescu str. 38, RO-540139 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Emil Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pál Perjési
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
During senescence, Wnt4 expression is down-regulated (unlike their Frizzled receptors), while PPARgamma expression increases in the thymus. Together, these changes allow for thymic degeneration to occur, observed as adipose involution. However, when restored, Wnt4 can efficiently counteract PPARgamma and prevent thymic senescence from developing. The Wnt-pathway activator miR27b has also been reported to inhibit PPARgamma. Our goal was to evaluate the Wnt4 and miR27b levels of Wnt4-transgenic thymic epithelial cell (TEC)-derived exosomes, show their regenerative potential against age-related thymic degeneration, and visualize their binding and distribution both in vitro and in vivo. First, transgenic exosomes were harvested from Wnt4 over-expressing TECs and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. This unveiled exosomes ranging from 50 to 100 nm in size. Exosomal Wnt4 protein content was assayed by ELISA, while miR27b levels were measured by TaqMan qPCR, both showing elevated levels in transgenic exosomes relative to controls. Of note, kit-purified TEI (total exosome isolate) outperformed UC (ultracentrifugation)-purified exosomes in these parameters. In addition, a significant portion of exosomal Wnt4 proved to be displayed on exosomal surfaces. For functional studies, steroid (Dexamethasone or DX)-induced TECs were used as cellular aging models in which DX-triggered cellular aging was efficiently prevented by transgenic exosomes. Finally, DiI lipid-stained exosomes were applied on the mouse thymus sections and also iv-injected into mice, for in vitro binding and in vivo tracking, respectively. We have observed distinct staining patterns using DiI lipid-stained transgenic exosomes on sections of young and aging murine thymus samples. Moreover, in vivo injected DiI lipid-stained transgenic exosomes showed detectable homing to the thymus. Of note, Wnt4-transgenic exosome homing outperformed control (Wnt5a-transgenic) exosome homing. In summary, our findings indicate that exosomal Wnt4 and miR27b can efficiently counteract thymic adipose involution. Although extrapolation of mouse results to the human setting needs caution, our results appoint transgenic TEC exosomes as promising tools of immune rejuvenation and contribute to the characterization of the immune-modulatory effects of extracellular vesicles in the context of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - David Ernszt
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banfai K, Ernszt D, Pap A, Bai P, Garai K, Belharazem D, Pongracz JE, Kvell K. "Beige" Cross Talk Between the Immune System and Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:369. [PMID: 31275241 PMCID: PMC6591453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With thymic senescence the epithelial network shrinks to be replaced by adipose tissue. Transcription factor TBX-1 controls thymus organogenesis, however, the same TBX-1 has also been reported to orchestrate beige adipose tissue development. Given these different roles of TBX-1, we have assessed if thymic TBX-1 expression persists and demonstrates this dualism during adulthood. We have also checked whether thymic adipose involution could yield beige adipose tissue. We have used adult mouse and human thymus tissue from various ages to evaluate the kinetics of TBX-1 expression, as well as mouse (TEP1) and human (1889c) thymic epithelial cells (TECs) for our studies. Electron micrographs show multi-locular lipid deposits typical of beige adipose cells. Histology staining shows the accumulation of neutral lipid deposits. qPCR measurements show persistent and/or elevating levels of beige-specific and beige-indicative markers (TBX-1, EAR-2, UCP-1, PPAR-gamma). We have performed miRNome profiling using qPCR-based QuantStudio platform and amplification-free NanoString platform. We have observed characteristic alterations, including increased miR21 level (promoting adipose tissue development) and decreased miR34a level (bias toward beige adipose tissue differentiation). Finally, using the Seahorse metabolic platform we have recorded a metabolic profile (OCR/ECAR ratio) indicative of beige adipose tissue. In summary, our results support that thymic adipose tissue emerging with senescence is bona fide beige adipose tissue. Our data show how the borders blur between a key immune tissue (the thymus) and a key metabolic tissue (beige adipose tissue) with senescence. Our work contributes to the understanding of cross talk between the immune system and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - David Ernszt
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendulet Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Djeda Belharazem
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Krisztian Kvell
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garai K, Sahoo B, Sengupta P, Maiti S. Quasihomogeneous nucleation of amyloid beta yields numerical bounds for the critical radius, the surface tension, and the free energy barrier for nucleus formation. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:045102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2822322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-beta (Abeta) aggregates are suspected to play a major role in Alzheimer's disease. Zn2+ at a concentration of a few micromolar, which is too dilute to affect the precipitation equilibrium of Abeta, can destabilize these aggregates [Garai, K., Sengupta, P., Sahoo, B., and Maiti, S. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345, 210-215]. Here we investigate the nature of these aggregates in the context of the precipitation pathway, the mechanism underlying their destabilization, and the biological consequences of this destabilization. We show that the larger soluble aggregates (size >10 nm) form only in supersaturated Abeta solutions, implying that they are intermediates in the pathway toward fibril formation. We also show that Zn2+ destabilizes these intermediates by accelerating their aggregation kinetics. The resulting change in the size distribution of the Abeta solution is sufficient to eliminate its toxicity to cultured mammalian neurons. Our results provide an explanation for the existing observations that Zn2+ at a concentration of a few micromolar significantly reduces Abeta toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Garai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garai K, Sengupta P, Sahoo B, Maiti S. Selective destabilization of soluble amyloid β oligomers by divalent metal ions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:210-5. [PMID: 16678130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide yields both fibrillar precipitates and soluble oligomers, and is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro, Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) strongly bind Abeta and promote its precipitation. However, less is known about their interactions with the soluble oligomers, which are thought to be the major toxic species responsible for AD. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to resolve the various soluble species of Abeta, we show that low concentrations of Cu(2+) (1 microM) and Zn(2+) (4 microM) selectively eliminate the oligomeric population (within approximately 2h), while Mg(2+) displays a similar effect at a higher concentration (60 microM). This uncovers a new aspect of Abeta-metal ion interactions, as precipitation is not substantially altered at these low metal ion concentrations. Our results suggest that physiological concentrations of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) can critically alter the stability of the toxic Abeta oligomers and can potentially control the course of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Garai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sengupta P, Garai K, Sahoo B, Shi Y, Callaway DJE, Maiti S. The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta(1-40)) is thermodynamically soluble at physiological concentrations. Biochemistry 2003; 42:10506-13. [PMID: 12950178 DOI: 10.1021/bi0341410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation of the 39-43-residue amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is a crucial factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In normal as well as in AD-afflicted brain, the Abeta concentration is estimated to be a few nanomolar. Here we show that Abeta(1-40) precipitates in vitro only if the dissolved concentration is >14 microM. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we further show that the precipitation is complete in 1 day, after which the size distribution of Abeta monomer/oligomers in the solution phase becomes stationary in time and independent of the starting Abeta concentration. Mass spectra confirm that both the solution phase and the coexisting precipitate contain chemically identical Abeta molecules. Incubation at 68 degrees C for 1 h reduces the solubility by <12%. Together, these results show that the thermodynamic saturation concentration (C(sat)) of Abeta(1-40) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 has a well-defined lower limit of 15.5 +/- 1 microM. Divalent metal ions (believed to play a role in AD) at near-saturation concentrations in PBS reduce C(sat) only marginally (2 mM Mg(2+) by 6%, 2.5 microM Ca(2+) by 7%, and 4 microM Zn(2+) by 11%). Given that no precipitation is possible at concentrations below C(sat), we infer that coprecipitant(s), and not properties of Abeta(1-40) alone, are key factors in the in vivo aggregation of Abeta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sengupta P, Garai K, Balaji J, Periasamy N, Maiti S. Measuring size distribution in highly heterogeneous systems with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biophys J 2003; 84:1977-84. [PMID: 12609900 PMCID: PMC1302767 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)75006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2001] [Accepted: 07/22/2002] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a sensitive and widely used technique for measuring diffusion. FCS data are conventionally modeled with a finite number of diffusing components and fit with a least-square fitting algorithm. This approach is inadequate for analyzing data obtained from highly heterogeneous systems. We introduce a Maximum Entropy Method based fitting routine (MEMFCS) that analyzes FCS data in terms of a quasicontinuous distribution of diffusing components, and also guarantees a maximally wide distribution that is consistent with the data. We verify that for a homogeneous specimen (green fluorescent protein in dilute aqueous solution), both MEMFCS and conventional fitting yield similar results. Further, we incorporate an appropriate goodness of fit criterion in MEMFCS. We show that for errors estimated from a large number of repeated measurements, the reduced chi(2) value in MEMFCS analysis does approach unity. We find that the theoretical prediction for errors in FCS experiments overestimates the actual error, but can be empirically modified to serve as a guide for estimating the goodness of the fit where reliable error estimates are unavailable. Finally, we compare the performance of MEMFCS with that of a conventional fitting routine for analyzing simulated data describing a highly heterogeneous distribution containing 41 diffusing species. Both methods fit the data well. However, the conventional fit fails to reproduce the essential features of the input distribution, whereas MEMFCS yields a distribution close to the actual input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|