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Powell JG, Kegley EB, Jogan KS, Thomas LR. 138 Evaluation of a Two Year Assessment of the University of Arkansas Undergraduate Animal Science Program. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J G Powell
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - E B Kegley
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - K S Jogan
- University of Arkansas Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - L R Thomas
- University of Arkansas Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville, AR
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Thomas LR, Jogan KS, Johnson KV, Ball JJ, Powell JG. 139 Evaluation of Grit and Resilience in Pre-Professional Animal Science Students. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L R Thomas
- University of Arkansas Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - K S Jogan
- University of Arkansas Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - K V Johnson
- University of Arkansas Eleanor Mann School of Nursing, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J J Ball
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J G Powell
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
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Lee HH, Thomas LR, Piner KR, Maunder MN. Effects of age-based movement on the estimation of growth assuming random-at-age or random-at-length data. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:222-235. [PMID: 27774591 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simulation methods were used to generate paired data from a simulated population that included the age-based process of movement and the length-based process of gear selection. The age-based process caused bias in the estimates of growth parameters assuming random at length, even when relatively few age classes were affected. Methods that assumed random at age were biased by the subsequent inclusion of the length-based process of gear selection. Additional knowledge of the age structure of the sampled area is needed to ensure an unbiased estimate of the growth parameters when using the length-conditional approach in the presence of age-based movement. Estimates of the variability in the length-at-age relationship were better estimated with the length-conditional than the traditional method even when the assumptions of random at length were violated. Inclusion of paired observations of length and associated age inside the population dynamics model may be the most appropriate way of estimating growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lee
- NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, U.S.A
| | - L R Thomas
- University of California Santa Barbara, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A
| | - K R Piner
- NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, U.S.A
| | - M N Maunder
- Inter-American Tropical, Tuna Commission, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, U.S.A
- Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, U.S.A
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Thomas LR, Foshage AM, Weissmiller AM, Popay TM, Grieb BC, Qualls SJ, Ng V, Carboneau B, Lorey S, Eischen CM, Tansey WP. Interaction of MYC with host cell factor-1 is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved Myc box IV motif. Oncogene 2015; 35:3613-8. [PMID: 26522729 PMCID: PMC4853269 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The MYC family of oncogenes encodes a set of three related transcription factors that are overexpressed in many human tumors and contribute to the cancer-related deaths of more than 70,000 Americans every year. MYC proteins drive tumorigenesis by interacting with co-factors that enable them to regulate the expression of thousands of genes linked to cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and genome stability. One effective way to identify critical cofactors required for MYC function has been to focus on sequence motifs within MYC that are conserved throughout evolution, on the assumption that their conservation is driven by protein-protein interactions that are vital for MYC activity. In addition to their DNA-binding domains, MYC proteins carry five regions of high sequence conservation known as Myc boxes (Mb). To date, four of the Myc box motifs (MbI, MbII, MbIIIa, and MbIIIb) have had a molecular function assigned to them, but the precise role of the remaining Myc box, MbIV, and the reason for its preservation in vertebrate Myc proteins, is unknown. Here, we show that MbIV is required for the association of MYC with the abundant transcriptional coregulator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1). We show that the invariant core of MbIV resembles the tetrapeptide HCF-binding motif (HBM) found in many HCF-interaction partners, and demonstrate that MYC interacts with HCF in a manner indistinguishable from the prototypical HBM-containing protein VP16. Finally, we show that rationalized point mutations in MYC that disrupt interaction with HCF-1 attenuate the ability of MYC to drive tumorigenesis in mice. Together, these data expose a molecular function for MbIV and indicate that HCF-1 is an important co-factor for MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A M Foshage
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A M Weissmiller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T M Popay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt International Scholar Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B C Grieb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S J Qualls
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - V Ng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B Carboneau
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C M Eischen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chakraborty AA, Scuoppo C, Dey S, Thomas LR, Lorey SL, Lowe SW, Tansey WP. A common functional consequence of tumor-derived mutations within c-MYC. Oncogene 2014; 34:2406-9. [PMID: 24998853 PMCID: PMC4286529 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of changes to the coding sequence of the c-MYC oncogene to malignancy is controversial. Overexpression of a pristine form of MYC is observed in many cancers and is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis in most contexts. Yet missense changes to MYC are found in ~50% of Burkitt's lymphomas, aggregate within an amino-terminal degron important for proteasomal destruction of MYC, and where examined profoundly enhance the tumorigenic properties of MYC in vitro and in vivo. Much of the controversy surrounding these mutants stems from the limited number of mutations that have been evaluated and their clustering within a single region of the MYC protein; the highly-conserved Myc box I (MbI) element. Here, by analysis of extant genomic data sets, we identify a previously unrecognized hotspot for tumor-associated MYC mutations, located in a conserved central portion of the protein. We show that, despite their distal location in MYC, mutations in this region precisely phenocopy those in MbI in terms of stability, in vitro transformation, growth-promoting properties, in vivo tumorigenesis and ability to escape p53-dependent tumor surveillance mechanisms. The striking parallels between the behavior of tumor-derived mutations in disparate regions of the MYC protein reveals that a common molecular process is disrupted by these mutations, implying an active role for these mutations in tumorigenesis and suggesting that different therapeutic strategies may be needed for treatment of lymphomas expressing wild type versus mutant forms of MYC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Chakraborty
- 1] Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Scuoppo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Dey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L R Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S L Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S W Lowe
- 1] Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - W P Tansey
- 1] Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kamphuis CBM, Giskes K, Kavanagh AM, Thornton LE, Thomas LR, van Lenthe FJ, Mackenbach JP, Turrell G. Area variation in recreational cycling in Melbourne: a compositional or contextual effect? J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 62:890-8. [PMID: 18791047 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2007.067116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether compositional and/or contextual area characteristics are associated with area socioeconomic inequalities and between-area differences in recreational cycling. SETTING The city of Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 2349 men and women residing in 50 areas (58.7% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cycling for recreational purposes (at least once a month vs never). DESIGN In a cross-sectional survey participants reported their frequency of recreational cycling. Objective area characteristics were collected for their residential area by environmental audits or calculated with Geographic Information Systems software. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed to examine associations between recreational cycling, area socioeconomic level, compositional characteristics (age, sex, education, occupation) and area characteristics (design, safety, destinations or aesthetics). RESULTS After adjustment for compositional characteristics, residents of deprived areas were less likely to cycle for recreation (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.00), and significant between-area differences in recreational cycling were found (median odds ratio 1.48 (95% credibility interval 1.24 to 1.78). Aesthetic characteristics tended to be worse in deprived areas and were the only group of area characteristics that explained some of the area deprivation differences. Safety characteristics explained the largest proportion of between-area variation in recreational cycling. CONCLUSION Creating supportive environments with respect to safety and aesthetic area characteristics may decrease between-area differences and area deprivation inequalities in recreational cycling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B M Kamphuis
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bender LM, Morgan MJ, Thomas LR, Liu ZG, Thorburn A. The adaptor protein TRADD activates distinct mechanisms of apoptosis from the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:473-81. [PMID: 15761471 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFR1 associated death domain protein (TRADD) contains an N-terminal TRAF binding domain and a C-terminal death domain along with nuclear import and export sequences that cause shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The death domain of TRADD contains the nuclear import sequence and expression of the core death domain (nuclear TRADD) results in exclusive nuclear localization and activation of a distinct apoptotic pathway. Cytoplasmic TRADD activates apoptosis through Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase-8 activation that was blocked by caspase inhibitors or dominant-negative FADD. These inhibitors did not inhibit death induced by nuclear TRADD, which could only be inhibited by combining caspase inhibitors and a serine protease inhibitor. The pathway activated by nuclear TRADD requires caspase-9 catalytic activity. However, apoptosis activating factor deficiency confers only partial protection from death. This pathway represents an alternate means by which TRADD can regulate cell death independently of FADD and caspase-8 that occurs from the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Bender
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Thomas LR, Bender LM, Morgan MJ, Thorburn A. Extensive regions of the FADD death domain are required for binding to the TRAIL receptor DR5. Cell Death Differ 2005; 13:160-2. [PMID: 16003390 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Cohen RDH, Wright SBM, Thomas LR, McCaughey WP, Howard MD. Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan. Can J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.4141/a03-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1) were applied for 4 yr to two replications of a 32-yr-old crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) pasture at Lanigan, Saskatchewan, after which no fertilizer was applied for a further 4 yr. The pastures were grazed by pregnant yearling Hereford heifers using a “put-and-take” stocking system. Soil cores (0–60 cm) were taken to monitor soil NO3-N concentrations either in early spring, before grass growth commenced, or in late fall, after grass growth had ceased. Pasture measurements included available forage at the start of the grazing season, total forage production and the concentrations of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. Heifers, fistulated at the esophagus, were used in 1984 and 1985 to obtain samples of the grazed herbage, which were analyzed for organic matter digestibility (OMD), protein and minerals, except P and K. Heifer intakes of digestible organic matter (DOMI), protein and minerals, except P and K, were estimated from their concentrations in fistula extrusa and estimates of intake obtained from extrusa digestibility and fecal output using Cr2O3 as a fecal marker. Phosphorus intake was estimated from fecal P concentration. Plasma samples were also collected and analyzed for concentrations of minerals.
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Weigner MJ, Thomas LR, Patel U, Schwartz JG, Burger AJ, Douglas PS, Silverman DI, Manning WJ. Early cardioversion of atrial fibrillation facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography: short-term safety and impact on maintenance of sinus rhythm at 1 year. Am J Med 2001; 110:694-702. [PMID: 11403753 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients presenting with atrial fibrillation of only a few weeks duration, the use of transesophageal echocardiography offers the opportunity to markedly abbreviate the duration of atrial fibrillation before cardioversion. We sought to determine if the shorter duration of atrial fibrillation allowed by a transesophageal echocardiography strategy had an impact on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation and prevalence of sinus rhythm during the first year following cardioversion. METHODS Transesophageal echocardiography was attempted in 539 patients (292 men, 247 women; 71.6 +/- 13.0 years.) with atrial fibrillation > or =2 days (66.1% <3 weeks) or of unknown duration before elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Therapeutic anticoagulation at the time of transesophageal echocardiography was present in 94.6% of patients, and 73.4% of subjects were discharged on warfarin. RESULTS Atrial thrombi were identified in 70 (13.1%) patients. Successful cardioversion in 413 patients without evidence of atrial thrombi was associated with clinical thromboembolism in 1 patient (0.24%, 95% confidence interval: 0.0--0.8%). In patients with atrial fibrillation <3 weeks at the time of cardioversion (a duration incompatible with conventional therapy of 3 to 4 weeks of warfarin before cardioversion), the 1-year atrial fibrillation recurrence rate was lower (41.1% vs. 57.9%, P <0.01), and the prevalence of sinus rhythm at 1 year was increased (65.8% vs. 51.3%, P <0.03). No other clinical or echocardiographic index was associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Early cardioversion facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography has a favorable safety profile and provides the associated benefit of reduced recurrence of atrial fibrillation for patients in whom the duration of atrial fibrillation is <3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Weigner
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Thomas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Popp JD, McCaughey WP, Thomas LR, Cohen RDH. Nutrient selection by cattle from grass and grass/legume pastures. Can J Anim Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.4141/a97-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal fistula and hand-clipped samples were collected from a 32-yr-old crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) pasture and an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.)/Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski) pasture to compare estimates of nutritional quality. Samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and selected minerals. Fistula samples had greater (P < 0.05) CP and IVDOM contents than clipped samples at all times except that CP did not differ (P > 0.05) on two occasions and IVDOM did not differ (P > 0.05) on one occasion. Differences in mineral content between clipped and esophageal samples were less consistent, but when they occurred the mineral contents of esophageal samples usually exceeded (P < 0.05) those of clipped samples. We conclude that clipped pasture samples mostly provide biased estimates of the nutritional quality of herbage consumed by cattle grazing grass and grass/legume pastures and should be reported with caution. Key words: Pasture, selection, cattle, protein, digestibility, minerals
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Leggett BA, Cornwell M, Thomas LR, Buttenshaw RL, Searle J, Young J, Ward M. Characteristics of metachronous colorectal carcinoma occurring despite colonoscopic surveillance. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40:603-8. [PMID: 9152192 DOI: 10.1007/bf02055387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metachronous colorectal cancer still occurs in a small percentage of patients, despite colonoscopic surveillance. Cancers in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer for which there is a high risk of metachronous cancer show distinctive DNA changes termed replication errors (RER+). Ten to 20 percent of sporadic colorectal cancers are also RER+. The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of metachronous colorectal cancer, despite colonoscopic surveillance. Clinicopathologic characteristics and RER status of cancers were examined. METHODS Colorectal cancer patients, who entered into a surveillance program of being examined with colonoscopy within six months of surgery and then at intervals of three years thereafter, were reviewed. The 433 patients compliant with the protocol who had had more than one colonoscopy had been followed up for a mean of 3.8 +/- 2.2 years. DNA was extracted from archival paraffin-embedded cancer tissue for determination of RER status. RESULTS Ten cases of metachronous cancer were identified, giving a rate of 0.61 percent per year. The site of the index cancer in patients who later developed metachronous cancer was predominantly proximal (P = 0.0007), and these cancers were more likely to have mucinous histology (P < 0.0005). Three of 10 (30 percent) index cancers were RER+, which was not significantly different from unselected series of control colorectal cancers in which 20 of 108 (18.5 percent) were RER+. DISCUSSION This study documents the rate of metachronous cancer among patients compliant with a defined colonoscopic screening program and suggests that the risk is highest in patients with a proximal mucinous cancer. RER status does not appear to be a very strong predictive factor, and this study does not support its use as a guide to the frequency of surveillance colonoscopy. More data would be required to determine if RER positivity conferred a relative risk of 3.3 or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Leggett
- Glaxo Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Royal Brisbane Hospital Clinical Research Center, Bancroft Center, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia
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Thomas LR, Fox SA, Leake BG, Roetzheim RG. The effects of health beliefs on screening mammography utilization among a diverse sample of older women. Women Health 1996; 24:77-94. [PMID: 9046554 DOI: 10.1300/j013v24n03_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Screening mammography is particularly effective in detecting breast cancer in elderly women. Yet, although half of all breast cancers are diagnosed in older women, statistics show that women aged 65 and over tend to underutilize screening mammography. Prior research has used the constructs of the Health Belief Model to explore attitudes and beliefs relative to breast cancer screening. Prior studies have also identified health beliefs and concerns relative to screening mammography and race/ethnicity as some of the patient-related predictors of screening mammography utilization among younger women. This study uses the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model to explore the effects of these variables on utilization in a multiracial, multiethnic, random sample of 1011 women, aged 65 and over. Race/ethnicity, belief that mammograms detect cancer, ease the mind, and provide accurate results; concern over the radiation, pain, and cost associated with receiving a mammogram; and other independent variables were tested as predictors of screening mammography utilization. Regression analysis identified that the belief that having a mammogram eases recipients minds was the most significant predictor of screening mammography utilization. None of the other health beliefs or health concerns were significant predictors. Race/ethnicity had no direct effects on utilization nor was it a confounder in the relationship between health beliefs, concerns and utilization. These results indicate that, along with emphasizing the importance of mammograms in early detection of breast cancer, stressing the reassurance that mammography brings recipients may be an effective health education strategy for elderly women of different racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Thomas
- Abt Associates Inc. Cambridge, MA 02138-1168, USA
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Leggett BA, Thomas LR, Knight N, Healey S, Chenevix-Trench G, Searle J. Exclusion of APC and MCC as the gene defect in one family with familial juvenile polyposis. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:1313-6. [PMID: 8224634 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In familial juvenile polyposis, multiple juvenile polyps occur throughout the colon. The genetic defect has not been characterized. The risk of colon cancer is increased, although the magnitude of the increased risk is controversial. The hypothesis of this study was that the genetic defect is within a tumor suppressor gene, possibly one already known to be inactivated in colorectal neoplasia. METHODS Linkage analysis using the short tandem repeat polymorphism D5S346 was performed to determine if juvenile polyposis was linked to either APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) or MCC (mutated in colorectal carcinoma) genes within a single large family. RESULTS A family in which eight subjects have been affected by juvenile polyposis over three generations is described. Six affected subjects had colectomies in childhood, but the two who have so far survived beyond 35 years of age have developed adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. Within this family, linkage analysis excluded linkage of the juvenile polyposis trait to either APC or MCC. CONCLUSIONS In a family with juvenile polyposis with a clear predisposition to malignancy, including carcinoma of the jejunum, APC and MCC were not the defective genes causing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Leggett
- Glaxo Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Royal Brisbane Hospital Foundation Clinical Research Centre, Bancroft Centre, Herston, Australia
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Abstract
Renal oncocytomas are uncommon, benign tumors that classically are treated by local excision or heminephrectomy. Preoperative differentiation from renal cell carcinoma is invaluable in the planning of treatment. Cases of renal oncocytoma treated conservatively have been reported. This is a case report of bilateral multifocal renal oncocytomas of which only three previous cases have been reported. Diagnosis was made from multiple fine needle biopsies and present treatment consists only of conservative observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Mead
- Department of Radiology, Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Johnson TL, Keren DF, Thomas LR. Indirect immunofluorescence technique to detect monoclonal antinuclear antibody. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987; 111:560-2. [PMID: 3107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal proteins directed against nuclear antigens are extremely rare. We describe the use of a double antibody immunofluorescence technique to document the existence of a monoclonal antibody with nuclear antigen activity. The patient was an elderly woman with a small monoclonal protein, but no evidence of a lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorder. A homogeneous antinuclear antibody (ANA) prompted further studies to determine whether the monoclonal protein was related to the ANA activity. A double-antibody immunofluorescence procedure is described by which the ANA positivity was shown to be entirely due to a monoclonal IgMK protein. It consists of using fluorescein anti-kappa and rhodamine anti-lambda applied to a section of mouse kidney treated with the patient's serum. Documentation of antigenic specificity of monoclonal antibodies by double antibody fluorescence provides a straightforward method that can be utilized by routine clinical laboratories.
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Moseley HS, Thomas LR, Everts EC, Stevens KR, Ireland KM. Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. Results of combined regional infusion chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Am J Surg 1981; 141:522-5. [PMID: 7223940 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(81)90037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sequential intraarterial chemotherapy using bleomycin and methotrexate followed by high dose radiation and surgery was evaluated in 10 patients with stage III and IV squamous carcinomas of the maxillary sinus. Seven of 10 patients had extensive tumor necrosis in the surgical specimen, and no evidence of residual tumor was found in 4 of these patients. After a median follow up period of 24 months, there has been only one local recurrence in resected patients. Three patients died from pulmonary metastases. Although many unanswered questions remain regarding the efficacy of triple therapy for maxillary sinus malignancy, these results are encouraging and establish that surgical resection and healing are not compromised by preoperative chemotherapy and radiation.
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Jones EA, Thomas LR, Davis NC. The significance of secretory IgA in middle ear fluid. Ann Allergy 1979; 42:236-40. [PMID: 571255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies of immunoglobulin levels in middle ear fluid in children with chronic otitis media show that MEF (middle ear fluid) IgA levels are proportionately higher than serum levels. Disproportionately elevated MEF IgA levels may be due to secretory IgA. Finding secretory IgA in MEF suggests the presence of a secretory epithelium and may define the etiology of chronic inflammation. Resolution of the secretory epithelium may be hastened with adequate ventilation of the middle ear space.
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Thomas LR. The dental aspects of the Compsitiones Medicamentorum of Scribonius Largus: a glimpse of dental treatment in the 1st century A.D. Bull Hist Dent 1978; 26:21-7. [PMID: 371712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Thomas LR. Patients with diabetes mellitus--the teaching function of the nurse. Nurs J India 1973; 64:14 passim. [PMID: 4487742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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