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Wang X, Dewidar O, Rizvi A, Huang J, Desai P, Doyle R, Ghogomu E, Rader T, Nicholls SG, Antequera A, Krentel A, Shea B, Hardy BJ, Chamberlain C, Wiysonge CS, Feng C, Juando-Prats C, Lawson DO, Obuku EA, Kristjansson E, von Elm E, Wang H, Ellingwood H, Waddington HS, Ramke J, Jull JE, Hatcher-Roberts J, Tufte J, Little J, Mbuagbaw L, Weeks L, Niba LL, Cuervo LG, Wolfenden L, Kasonde M, Avey MT, Sharp MK, Mahande MJ, Nkangu M, Magwood O, Craig P, Tugwell P, Funnell S, Noorduyn SG, Kredo T, Horsley T, Young T, Pantoja T, Bhutta Z, Martel A, Welch VA. A scoping review establishes need for consensus guidance on reporting health equity in observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 160:126-140. [PMID: 37330072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the support from the available guidance on reporting of health equity in research for our candidate items and to identify additional items for the Strengthening Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology-Equity extension. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a scoping review by searching Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Methodology Register, LILACS, and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information up to January 2022. We also searched reference lists and gray literature for additional resources. We included guidance and assessments (hereafter termed "resources") related to conduct and/or reporting for any type of health research with or about people experiencing health inequity. RESULTS We included 34 resources, which supported one or more candidate items or contributed to new items about health equity reporting in observational research. Each candidate item was supported by a median of six (range: 1-15) resources. In addition, 12 resources suggested 13 new items, such as "report the background of investigators". CONCLUSION Existing resources for reporting health equity in observational studies aligned with our interim checklist of candidate items. We also identified additional items that will be considered in the development of a consensus-based and evidence-based guideline for reporting health equity in observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Anita Rizvi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jimmy Huang
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Payaam Desai
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Doyle
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada
| | | | - Tamara Rader
- Freelance Health Research Librarian, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stuart G Nicholls
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Alba Antequera
- International Health Department, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alison Krentel
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Beverley Shea
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Billie-Jo Hardy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Catherine Chamberlain
- Indigenous Health Equity Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles S Wiysonge
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 3629, South Africa; HIV and other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban 4091, South Africa
| | - Cindy Feng
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Daeria O Lawson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ekwaro A Obuku
- Africa Centre for Systematic Reviews & Knowledge Translation, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; Department of Global Health Security, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Erik von Elm
- Cochrane Switzerland, Unisanté Lausanne, Lausanne, CH 1010, Switzerland
| | - Harry Wang
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Holly Ellingwood
- Department of Psychology, Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hugh Sharma Waddington
- Environmental Health Group, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; London International Development Centre, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Janet Elizabeth Jull
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Janet Hatcher-Roberts
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada; Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, VGC6+C52, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Amphi 340, Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | | | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mwenya Kasonde
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Marc T Avey
- Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2R3, Canada
| | - Melissa K Sharp
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Michael Johnson Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro M8HH+MQ4, Tanzania
| | - Miriam Nkangu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia Magwood
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter Craig
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sarah Funnell
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Noorduyn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 3629, South Africa
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5N8, Canada
| | - Taryn Young
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Tomas Pantoja
- Department of Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Institute for Global Health and Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Martel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S, Canada
| | - Vivian A Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6M1, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Walpole SC, Weeks L, Shah K, Cresswell K, Mesa-Melgarejo L, Robayo A, Greaves F. How can environmental impacts be incorporated in health technology assessment, and how impactful would this be? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:975-980. [PMID: 37578859 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2248389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Catherine Walpole
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)
| | - Koonal Shah
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, UK
| | | | | | - Adriana Robayo
- Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud, Colombia (IETS)
| | - Felix Greaves
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Funnell S, Jull J, Mbuagbaw L, Welch V, Dewidar O, Wang X, Lesperance M, Ghogomu E, Rizvi A, Akl EA, Avey MT, Antequera A, Bhutta ZA, Chamberlain C, Craig P, Cuervo LG, Dicko A, Ellingwood H, Feng C, Francis D, Greer-Smith R, Hardy BJ, Harwood M, Hatcher-Roberts J, Horsley T, Juando-Prats C, Kasonde M, Kennedy M, Kredo T, Krentel A, Kristjansson E, Langer L, Little J, Loder E, Magwood O, Mahande MJ, Melendez-Torres GJ, Moore A, Niba LL, Nicholls SG, Nkangu MN, Lawson DO, Obuku E, Okwen P, Pantoja T, Petkovic J, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Rader T, Ramke J, Riddle A, Shamseer L, Sharp M, Shea B, Tanuseputro P, Tugwell P, Tufte J, Von Elm E, Waddington HS, Wang H, Weeks L, Wells G, White H, Wiysonge CS, Wolfenden L, Young T. Improving social justice in observational studies: protocol for the development of a global and Indigenous STROBE-equity reporting guideline. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:55. [PMID: 36991403 PMCID: PMC10060140 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing persistent and pervasive health inequities is a global moral imperative, which has been highlighted and magnified by the societal and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Observational studies can aid our understanding of the impact of health and structural oppression based on the intersection of gender, race, ethnicity, age and other factors, as they frequently collect this data. However, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline, does not provide guidance related to reporting of health equity. The goal of this project is to develop a STROBE-Equity reporting guideline extension. METHODS We assembled a diverse team across multiple domains, including gender, age, ethnicity, Indigenous background, disciplines, geographies, lived experience of health inequity and decision-making organizations. Using an inclusive, integrated knowledge translation approach, we will implement a five-phase plan which will include: (1) assessing the reporting of health equity in published observational studies, (2) seeking wide international feedback on items to improve reporting of health equity, (3) establishing consensus amongst knowledge users and researchers, (4) evaluating in partnership with Indigenous contributors the relevance to Indigenous peoples who have globally experienced the oppressive legacy of colonization, and (5) widely disseminating and seeking endorsement from relevant knowledge users. We will seek input from external collaborators using social media, mailing lists and other communication channels. DISCUSSION Achieving global imperatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDG 10 Reduced inequalities, SDG 3 Good health and wellbeing) requires advancing health equity in research. The implementation of the STROBE-Equity guidelines will enable a better awareness and understanding of health inequities through better reporting. We will broadly disseminate the reporting guideline with tools to enable adoption and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies, using diverse strategies tailored to specific audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Funnell
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janet Jull
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Miranda Lesperance
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Ghogomu
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Rizvi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc T Avey
- Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alba Antequera
- International Health Department, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Chamberlain
- Indigenous Health Equity Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Craig
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis Gabriel Cuervo
- Unit of Health Services and Access, Department of Health Systems and Services, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Washington, DC, USA
- Doctoral School, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Holly Ellingwood
- Department of Psychology, Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Feng
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Damian Francis
- School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College, Milledgville, USA
| | - Regina Greer-Smith
- Healthcare Research Associates, LLC/S.T.A.R. Initiative, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Billie-Jo Hardy
- Well Living House, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Waakebiness Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matire Harwood
- General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janet Hatcher-Roberts
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Applied Health Research Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Kennedy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison Krentel
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laurenz Langer
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Magwood
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Johnson Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Ainsley Moore
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Stuart G Nicholls
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Daeria O Lawson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ekwaro Obuku
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Okwen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Tomas Pantoja
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Petkovic
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kevin Pottie
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Rader
- Freelance Health Research Librarian, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alison Riddle
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Melissa Sharp
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bev Shea
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tanuseputro
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Erik Von Elm
- Cochrane Switzerland, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugh Sharma Waddington
- London International Development Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Harry Wang
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Wells
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- HIV and other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taryn Young
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Kim JSM, Pollock M, Kaunelis D, Weeks L. Guidance on review type selection for health technology assessments: key factors and considerations for deciding when to conduct a de novo systematic review, an update of a systematic review, or an overview of systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2022; 11:206. [PMID: 36167611 PMCID: PMC9513959 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review (SR) helps us make sense of a body of research while minimizing bias and is routinely conducted to evaluate intervention effects in a health technology assessment (HTA). In addition to the traditional de novo SR, which combines the results of multiple primary studies, there are alternative review types that use systematic methods and leverage existing SRs, namely updates of SRs and overviews of SRs. This paper shares guidance that can be used to select the most appropriate review type to conduct when evaluating intervention effects in an HTA, with a goal to leverage existing SRs and reduce research waste where possible. PROCESS We identified key factors and considerations that can inform the process of deciding to conduct one review type over the others to answer a research question and organized them into guidance comprising a summary and a corresponding flowchart. This work consisted of three steps. First, a guidance document was drafted by methodologists from two Canadian HTA agencies based on their experience. Next, the draft guidance was supplemented with a literature review. Lastly, broader feedback from HTA researchers across Canada was sought and incorporated into the final guidance. INSIGHTS Nine key factors and six considerations were identified to help reviewers select the most appropriate review type to conduct. These fell into one of two categories: the evidentiary needs of the planned review (i.e., to understand the scope, objective, and analytic approach required for the review) and the state of the existing literature (i.e., to know the available literature in terms of its relevance, quality, comprehensiveness, currency, and findings). The accompanying flowchart, which can be used as a decision tool, demonstrates the interdependency between many of the key factors and considerations and aims to balance the potential benefits and challenges of leveraging existing SRs instead of primary study reports. CONCLUSIONS Selecting the most appropriate review type to conduct when evaluating intervention effects in an HTA requires a myriad of factors to be considered. We hope this guidance adds clarity to the many competing considerations when deciding which review type to conduct and facilitates that decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S M Kim
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - David Kaunelis
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Greenwood Dufour B, Weeks L, De Angelis G, Marchand DK, Kaunelis D, Severn M, Walter M, Mittmann N. How We Might Further Integrate Considerations of Environmental Impact When Assessing the Value of Health Technologies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191912017. [PMID: 36231319 PMCID: PMC9566650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is growing awareness of the impact health technologies can have on the environment and the negative consequences of these environmental impacts on human health. However, health system decision-makers may lack the expertise, data, or resources to incorporate environmental considerations when making decisions about the adoption and use of health technologies. In this article, we describe how health technology assessment (HTA) is evolving to address climate change by providing health system decision-makers with the information they can use to reduce the impact of health care systems on the environment. Our objective is to consider approaches for including the environment domain when conducting an HTA-in particular, the use of the deliberative process-and for determining when the domain should be included. We explore the challenges of gathering the relevant data necessary to assess the environmental impact of a health technology, and we describe a "triage" approach for determining when an in-depth environmental impact assessment is warranted. We also summarize related initiatives from HTA agencies around the world.
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6
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Tugwell P, Welch VA, Karunananthan S, Maxwell LJ, Akl EA, Avey MT, Bhutta ZA, Brouwers MC, Clark JP, Cook S, Cuervo LG, Curran JA, Ghogomu ET, Graham IG, Grimshaw JM, Hutton B, Ioannidis JPA, Jordan Z, Jull JE, Kristjansson E, Langlois EV, Little J, Lyddiatt A, Martin JE, Marušić A, Mbuagbaw L, Moher D, Morton RL, Nasser M, Page MJ, Pardo Pardo J, Petkovic J, Petticrew M, Pigott T, Pottie K, Rada G, Rader T, Riddle AY, Rothstein H, Schüneman HJ, Shamseer L, Shea BJ, Simeon R, Siontis KC, Smith M, Soares-Weiser K, Thavorn K, Tovey D, Vachon B, Valentine J, Villemaire R, Walker P, Weeks L, Wells G, Wilson DB, White H. When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist. BMJ 2020. [PMID: 32933948 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Room L1227, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada .,Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Andrea Welch
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sathya Karunananthan
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lara J Maxwell
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc T Avey
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa C Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jocalyn P Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis Gabriel Cuervo
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Unit of Health Services and Access, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ian G Graham
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Grimshaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Room L1227, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Jordan
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- Centre for Research in Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne V Langlois
- World Health Organization, Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (PMNCH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Janet E Martin
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Nasser
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Terri Pigott
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tamara Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Rothstein
- Narendra Paul Loomba Department of Management, Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holger J Schüneman
- Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Beverley J Shea
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rosiane Simeon
- Population Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Vachon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Villemaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George Wells
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Tugwell P, Welch VA, Karunananthan S, Maxwell LJ, Akl EA, Avey MT, Bhutta ZA, Brouwers MC, Clark JP, Cook S, Cuervo LG, Curran JA, Ghogomu ET, Graham IG, Grimshaw JM, Hutton B, Ioannidis JPA, Jordan Z, Jull JE, Kristjansson E, Langlois EV, Little J, Lyddiatt A, Martin JE, Marušić A, Mbuagbaw L, Moher D, Morton RL, Nasser M, Page MJ, Pardo Pardo J, Petkovic J, Petticrew M, Pigott T, Pottie K, Rada G, Rader T, Riddle AY, Rothstein H, Schüneman HJ, Shamseer L, Shea BJ, Simeon R, Siontis KC, Smith M, Soares-Weiser K, Thavorn K, Tovey D, Vachon B, Valentine J, Villemaire R, Walker P, Weeks L, Wells G, Wilson DB, White H. When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist. BMJ 2020; 370:m2864. [PMID: 32933948 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Room L1227, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Andrea Welch
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sathya Karunananthan
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lara J Maxwell
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc T Avey
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa C Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jocalyn P Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis Gabriel Cuervo
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Unit of Health Services and Access, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ian G Graham
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Grimshaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Room L1227, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Jordan
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Kristjansson
- Centre for Research in Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne V Langlois
- World Health Organization, Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (PMNCH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Janet E Martin
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Nasser
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Terri Pigott
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tamara Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Rothstein
- Narendra Paul Loomba Department of Management, Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holger J Schüneman
- Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Beverley J Shea
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rosiane Simeon
- Population Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Vachon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Villemaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George Wells
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S, Akl EA, Chang C, McGowan J, Stewart L, Hartling L, Aldcroft A, Wilson MG, Garritty C, Lewin S, Godfrey CM, Macdonald MT, Langlois EV, Soares-Weiser K, Moriarty J, Clifford T, Tunçalp Ö, Straus SE. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018. [PMID: 30178033 DOI: 10.7326/m18-0850/suppl_file/m18-0850_supplement.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)
| | - Erin Lillie
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)
| | - Wasifa Zarin
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)
| | - Kelly K O'Brien
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)
| | | | | | - David Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)
| | - Micah D J Peters
- University of South Australia and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (M.D.P.)
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (T.H.)
| | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)
| | | | - Elie A Akl
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)
| | - Christine Chang
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland (C.C.)
| | | | | | - Lisa Hartling
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (L.H.)
| | | | | | - Chantelle Garritty
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)
| | - Simon Lewin
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo Moriarty
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom (J.M.)
| | - Tammy Clifford
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)
| | - Özge Tunçalp
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., Ö.T.)
| | - Sharon E Straus
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)
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9
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Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S, Akl EA, Chang C, McGowan J, Stewart L, Hartling L, Aldcroft A, Wilson MG, Garritty C, Lewin S, Godfrey CM, Macdonald MT, Langlois EV, Soares-Weiser K, Moriarty J, Clifford T, Tunçalp Ö, Straus SE. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:467-473. [PMID: 30178033 DOI: 10.7326/m18-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12088] [Impact Index Per Article: 2014.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Tricco
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)
| | - Erin Lillie
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)
| | - Wasifa Zarin
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)
| | - Kelly K O'Brien
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)
| | | | | | - David Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)
| | - Micah D J Peters
- University of South Australia and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (M.D.P.)
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (T.H.)
| | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)
| | | | - Elie A Akl
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)
| | - Christine Chang
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland (C.C.)
| | | | | | - Lisa Hartling
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (L.H.)
| | | | | | - Chantelle Garritty
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)
| | - Simon Lewin
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo Moriarty
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom (J.M.)
| | - Tammy Clifford
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)
| | - Özge Tunçalp
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., Ö.T.)
| | - Sharon E Straus
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)
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10
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McInnes MDF, Moher D, Thombs BD, McGrath TA, Bossuyt PM, Clifford T, Cohen JF, Deeks JJ, Gatsonis C, Hooft L, Hunt HA, Hyde CJ, Korevaar DA, Leeflang MMG, Macaskill P, Reitsma JB, Rodin R, Rutjes AWS, Salameh JP, Stevens A, Takwoingi Y, Tonelli M, Weeks L, Whiting P, Willis BH. Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies: The PRISMA-DTA Statement. JAMA 2018; 319:388-396. [PMID: 29362800 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1635] [Impact Index Per Article: 272.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy synthesize data from primary diagnostic studies that have evaluated the accuracy of 1 or more index tests against a reference standard, provide estimates of test performance, allow comparisons of the accuracy of different tests, and facilitate the identification of sources of variability in test accuracy. Objective To develop the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagnostic test accuracy guideline as a stand-alone extension of the PRISMA statement. Modifications to the PRISMA statement reflect the specific requirements for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies and the abstracts for these reviews. Design Established standards from the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) Network were followed for the development of the guideline. The original PRISMA statement was used as a framework on which to modify and add items. A group of 24 multidisciplinary experts used a systematic review of articles on existing reporting guidelines and methods, a 3-round Delphi process, a consensus meeting, pilot testing, and iterative refinement to develop the PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline. The final version of the PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline checklist was approved by the group. Findings The systematic review (produced 64 items) and the Delphi process (provided feedback on 7 proposed items; 1 item was later split into 2 items) identified 71 potentially relevant items for consideration. The Delphi process reduced these to 60 items that were discussed at the consensus meeting. Following the meeting, pilot testing and iterative feedback were used to generate the 27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist. To reflect specific or optimal contemporary systematic review methods for diagnostic test accuracy, 8 of the 27 original PRISMA items were left unchanged, 17 were modified, 2 were added, and 2 were omitted. Conclusions and Relevance The 27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist provides specific guidance for reporting of systematic reviews. The PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline can facilitate the transparent reporting of reviews, and may assist in the evaluation of validity and applicability, enhance replicability of reviews, and make the results from systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies more useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D F McInnes
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trevor A McGrath
- University of Ottawa Department of Radiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick M Bossuyt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tammy Clifford
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Jérémie F Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR 1153, Research Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daniël A Korevaar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska M G Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes B Reitsma
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Rodin
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne W S Rutjes
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Berner Institut für Hausarztmedizin, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrienne Stevens
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Research in Biomedicine Program, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Laura Weeks
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Penny Whiting
- University of Bristol, National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West, Bristol, England
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11
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Kania-Richmond A, Weeks L, Scholten J, Reney M. Evaluating the feasibility of using online software to collect patient information in a chiropractic practice-based research network. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2016; 60:93-105. [PMID: 27069272 PMCID: PMC4807687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice based research networks (PBRNs) are increasingly used as a tool for evidence based practice. We developed and tested the feasibility of using software to enable online collection of patient data within a chiropractic PBRN to support clinical decision making and research in participating clinics. PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using online software to collect quality patient information. METHODS The study consisted of two phases: 1) Assessment of the quality of information provided, using a standardized form; and 2) Exploration of patients' perspectives and experiences regarding online information provision through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was descriptive. RESULTS Forty-five new patients were recruited. Thirty-six completed online forms, which were submitted by an appropriate person 100% of the time, with an error rate of less than 1%, and submitted in a timely manner 83% of the time. Twenty-one participants were interviewed. Overall, online forms were preferred given perceived security, ease of use, and enabling provision of more accurate information. CONCLUSIONS Use of online software is feasible, provides high quality information, and is preferred by most participants. A pen-and-paper format should be available for patients with this preference and in case of technical difficulties.
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12
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Berglas S, Jutai L, MacKean G, Weeks L. Patients' perspectives can be integrated in health technology assessments: an exploratory analysis of CADTH Common Drug Review. Res Involv Engagem 2016; 2:21. [PMID: 29062521 PMCID: PMC5611639 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-016-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY In Canada, the CADTH Common Drug Review helps ensure that scarce health care resources are used to fund the most effective drugs. Clinicians, researchers, payers, and patients all have important, but potentially different, ideas on what should be considered, to determine a drug's value. Since 2010, CADTH has invited patient groups to contribute their perspectives to the Common Drug Review. We explored whether, and how, insights offered by patient groups are integrated into assessment reports and Recommendations by the CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee. After examining 30 completed drug assessments, we found that:Patient insights are used by CADTH reviewers to frame an assessment and are used by the expert committee to interpret the evidence.Drug trials do not always measure outcomes that patients consider important.Survival, symptom relief, the process of recovery, and maintaining health are all important aspects to consider when determining value during health technology assessments. ABSTRACT Background Since 2010, Canadian patient groups have contributed to the CADTH Common Drug Review (CDR). CADTH conducts health technology assessments of new drugs to support publicly funded drug plans' reimbursement decisions. We explored whether, and how, patient insights were integrated into assessment reports and Recommendations by the CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee (CDEC). Methods We descriptively analyzed 30 consecutive assessments. One researcher identified a set of issues, insights, and desired treatment outcomes provided by patient groups for each included drug assessment. We tracked the presence of each identified patient insight in the relevant assessment protocol, in clinical trials as reported in the assessment, and in the CDEC Recommendations. Additionally, patient insights were categorized by topic and grouped into a three-tier framework to explore the observed juxtaposition between immediate treatment outcomes as seen in clinical trials and the insights from patients living with a chronic condition. Results In 30 drug assessments, 119 patient insights were identified. Of these insights, 89 were included in assessment protocols; 61 in reported clinical trial data; and 67 insights were reflected upon within the CDEC Recommendations. Patient insights within the first framework tier (health status achieved) were frequently included in all aspects of CDR assessments. Within the second tier (progress of recovery), although two-thirds of patient insights were included in protocols, only one-third was reflected in reported trial data or in CDEC Recommendations. Insights within the third tier, which address the long-term consequences of illness and treatment, were even less frequently addressed in all aspects of CDR assessments. Conclusions Patients' perspectives need not be "considered" in isolation. Patient insights are used by CADTH reviewers to frame an assessment and used by CDEC to interpret the evidence. As health technology assessments should address the indirect and unintended consequences of a technology, as well as its direct and intended effects, drug assessments should consider the progress of recovery and sustainability of health, in addition to survival and immediate health achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gail MacKean
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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13
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Jolliffe R, Seers H, Jackson S, Caro E, Weeks L, Polley MJ. The Responsiveness, Content Validity, and Convergent Validity of the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW) Patient-Reported Outcome Measure. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 14:26-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735414555809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW) is a patient-centered questionnaire that allows cancer patients to identify and quantify the severity of their “concerns” and “wellbeing,” as opposed to using a predetermined list. MYCaW administration is brief and aids in prioritizing treatment approaches. Our goal was to assess the convergent validity and responsiveness of MYCaW scores over time, the generalizability of the existing qualitative coding framework in different complementary and integrative oncology settings and content validity. Methods. Baseline and 6-week follow-up data (n = 82) from MYCaW and FACIT-SpEx questionnaires were collected for a service evaluation of the Living Well with the Impact of Cancer course at Penny Brohn Cance Care. MYCaW convergent validity was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation test, and responsiveness indices assessed score changes over time. The existing qualitative coding framework was reviewed using a new data set (n = 158) and coverage of concern categories compared with items of existing outcome measures. Results. Good correlation between MYCaW and FACIT-SpEx score changes were achieved ( r = −0.57, P ≥ .01). MYCaW Profile and Concern scores were highly responsive to change: standardized response mean = 1.02 and 1.08; effect size = 1.26 and 1.22. MYCaW change scores showed the anticipated gradient of change according to clinically relevant degrees of change. Categories, including “spirituality,” “weight change,” and “practical concerns” were added to the coding framework to improve generalizability. Conclusions. MYCaW scores were highly responsive to change, allowing personalized patient outcomes to be quantified; the qualitative coding framework appears generalizable across different integrative oncology settings and has broader coverage of patient-identified concerns compared with existing cancer-related patient-reported outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura Weeks
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Biswas T, Patel R, Weeks L, Patel R, Sharma N, Dowlati A, Oleinick N, Gerson S, Machtay M. Combining Pemetrexed With Methoxyamine to Enhance the Radiosensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fritz H, Flower G, Weeks L, Cooley K, Callachan M, McGowan J, Skidmore B, Kirchner L, Seely D. Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13:280-300. [PMID: 24867961 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414534463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous vitamin C (IVC) is a contentious adjunctive cancer therapy, widely used in naturopathic and integrative oncology settings. We conducted a systematic review of human interventional and observational studies assessing IVC for use in cancer patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED from inception to April 2013 for human studies examining the safety, effectiveness, or pharmacokinetics of IVC use in cancer patients. RESULTS Of 897 records, a total of 39 reports of 37 studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 15 uncontrolled trials, 6 observational studies, and 14 case reports. IVC dosing ranged from 1 g to more than 200 g ascorbic acid per infusion, typically administered 2 to 3 times weekly. IVC does not appear to increase toxicity or interfere with antitumor effects of gemcitabine/erlotinib therapy or paclitaxel and carboplatin. Based on 1 RCT and data from uncontrolled human trials, IVC may improve time to relapse and possibly enhance reductions in tumor mass and improve survival in combination with chemotherapy. IVC may improve quality of life, physical function, and toxicities associated with chemotherapy, including fatigue, nausea, insomnia, constipation, and depression. Case reports document several instances of tumor regression and long-term disease-free survival associated with use of IVC. CONCLUSION There is limited high-quality clinical evidence on the safety and effectiveness of IVC. The existing evidence is preliminary and cannot be considered conclusive but is suggestive of a good safety profile and potentially important antitumor activity; however, more rigorous evidence is needed to conclusively demonstrate these effects. IVC may improve the quality of life and symptom severity of patients with cancer, and several cases of cancer remission have been reported. Well-designed, controlled studies of IVC therapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Fritz
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Flower
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jessie McGowan
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dugald Seely
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Weeks L, Balneaves LG, Paterson C, Verhoef M. Decision-making about complementary and alternative medicine by cancer patients: integrative literature review. Open Med 2014; 8:e54-66. [PMID: 25009685 PMCID: PMC4085086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer consistently report conflict and anxiety when making decisions about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment. To design evidence-informed decision-support strategies, a better understanding is needed of how the decision-making process unfolds for these patients during their experience with cancer. We undertook this study to review the research literature regarding CAM-related decision-making by patients with cancer within the context of treatment, survivorship, and palliation. We also aimed to summarize emergent concepts within a preliminary conceptual framework. METHODS We conducted an integrative literature review, searching 12 electronic databases for articles published in English that described studies of the process, context, or outcomes of CAM-related decision-making. We summarized descriptive data using frequencies and used a descriptive constant comparative method to analyze statements about original qualitative results, with the goal of identifying distinct concepts pertaining to CAM-related decision-making by patients with cancer and the relationships among these concepts. RESULTS Of 425 articles initially identified, 35 met our inclusion criteria. Seven unique concepts related to CAM and cancer decision-making emerged: decision-making phases, information-seeking and evaluation, decision-making roles, beliefs, contextual factors, decision-making outcomes, and the relationship between CAM and conventional medical decision-making. CAM decision-making begins with the diagnosis of cancer and encompasses 3 distinct phases (early, mid, and late), each marked by unique aims for CAM treatment and distinct patterns of information-seeking and evaluation. Phase transitions correspond to changes in health status or other milestones within the cancer trajectory. An emergent conceptual framework illustrating relationships among the 7 central concepts is presented. INTERPRETATION CAM-related decision-making by patients with cancer occurs as a nonlinear, complex, dynamic process. The conceptual framework presented here identifies influential factors within that process, as well as patients' unique needs during different phases. The framework can guide the development and evaluation of theory-based decision-support programs that are responsive to patients' beliefs and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weeks
- Laura Weeks, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow at the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Lynda G Balneaves
- Lynda G. Balneaves, RN, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Charlotte Paterson
- Charlotte Paterson, MSc, PhD, MBChB, MRCGP, is a Research Fellow in the School of Social and Community Medicine at the University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Marja Verhoef
- Dr. Marja Verhoef, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary AB T2N 4Z6;
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Savović J, Weeks L, Sterne JAC, Turner L, Altman DG, Moher D, Higgins JPT. Evaluation of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials: focus groups, online survey, proposed recommendations and their implementation. Syst Rev 2014; 3:37. [PMID: 24731537 PMCID: PMC4022341 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2008, the Cochrane Collaboration introduced a tool for assessing the risk of bias in clinical trials included in Cochrane reviews. The risk of bias (RoB) tool is based on narrative descriptions of evidence-based methodological features known to increase the risk of bias in trials. METHODS To assess the usability of this tool, we conducted an evaluation by means of focus groups, online surveys and a face-to-face meeting. We obtained feedback from a range of stakeholders within The Cochrane Collaboration regarding their experiences with, and perceptions of, the RoB tool and associated guidance materials. We then assessed this feedback in a face-to-face meeting of experts and stakeholders and made recommendations for improvements and further developments of the RoB tool. RESULTS The survey attracted 380 responses. Respondents reported taking an average of between 10 and 60 minutes per study to complete their RoB assessments, which 83% deemed acceptable. Most respondents (87% of authors and 95% of editorial staff) thought RoB assessments were an improvement over past approaches to trial quality assessment. Most authors liked the standardized approach (81%) and the ability to provide quotes to support judgements (74%). A third of participants disliked the increased workload and found the wording describing RoB judgements confusing. The RoB domains reported to be the most difficult to assess were incomplete outcome data and selective reporting of outcomes. Authors expressed the need for more guidance on how to incorporate RoB assessments into meta-analyses and review conclusions. Based on this evaluation, recommendations were made for improvements to the RoB tool and the associated guidance. The implementation of these recommendations is currently underway. CONCLUSIONS Overall, respondents identified positive experiences and perceptions of the RoB tool. Revisions of the tool and associated guidance made in response to this evaluation, and improved provision of training, may improve implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Savović
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Weeks
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan AC Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy Turner
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julian PT Higgins
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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Seely D, Weeks L, Flower G, Young S, Pitman A, Cordell R. Whole Person Care at the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre. IJWPC 2014. [DOI: 10.26443/ijwpc.v1i1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An interprofessional team of healthcare practitioners at the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre (OICC) provides individualized and whole person care in an effort to bridge the gap between conventional and complementary cancer care. The objective of this presentation is to describe the population receiving care at the OICC in terms of demographic and disease-related characteristics, in addition to their experience receiving care in terms of therapies received and preliminary outcomes.Methods: All people receiving care at the OICC are invited to complete a registration package that documents demographic and disease-related characteristics in addition to baseline quality of life (EORTC-QLQ C30), cancer-related symptom (ESAS) and patient-identified concerns or problems (MYCaW). Every 3 months, a follow up assessment is completed for continuing patients.Results: In the 18 months since opening, more than 600 unique people have received care at the OICC. Most commonly people consult a naturopathic doctor, often in combination with a general practitioner, nutritionist, acupuncturist, physiotherapist, or counselor. The majority of people seek care to manage cancer and treatment-related side effects, including pain, neuropathy, energy, and digestive concerns. Other people are seeking supportive interventions to their prescribed standard care, to control or cure their cancer, or to prevent a recurrence. Approximately one half of people self-identify as under distress for at least one common cancer-related symptom. Preliminary results will be presented regarding quality of life, cancer related symptoms and patient-identified concerns, stratified as possible by age, sex, cancer type, stage and types of treatment received.Conclusions: The results presented here contribute to an understanding of who seeks integrative and whole person care as well as the growing body of literature regarding potential benefits. Results will be used to guide development of a clinical trial designed to assess the feasibility, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of integrative, whole person cancer care.
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Weeks L, Seely D, Balneaves L, Boon H, Leis A, Oneschuk D, Sagar S, Verhoef M. Proposed Consensus-Based Canadian Integrative Oncology Research Priorities. IJWPC 2014. [DOI: 10.26443/ijwpc.v1i1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An increasing number of integrative oncology programs are being established across Canada that offer a combination of complementary and conventional medical treatments in a shift towards whole-person cancer care. It was our objective to identify consensus-based research priorities within a coherent research agenda to guide Canadian integrative oncology practice and policy moving forward.Methods: Members of the Integrative Canadian Oncology Research Initiative and the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre organized a 2-day consensus workshop, which was preceded by a Delphi survey and stakeholder interviews.Results: Eighty-one participants took part in Round 1 of the Delphi survey, 52 in Round 2 (66.2%) and 45 (86.5%) in Round 3. Nineteen invited stakeholders participated in the 2-day workshop held in Ottawa, Canada. Five inter-related priority research areas emerged as a foundation for a Canadian research agenda: Effectiveness; Safety; Resource and Health Services Utilization; Knowledge Translation; and Developing Integrative Oncology Models. Research is needed within each priority area from a range of different perspectives (e.g., patient, practitioner, health system) and that reflects a continuum of integration from the addition of a single complementary intervention within conventional cancer care to systemic change. Participants brainstormed strategic directions to implement the developing research agenda and identified related opportunities within Canada. A voting process helped to identify working groups to pursue strategic directions within the interest and expertise of meeting participants.Conclusion: The identified research priorities reflect the needs and perspectives of a spectrum of integrative oncology stakeholders. Ongoing stakeholder consultation, including engagement from new stakeholders, is needed to ensure appropriate uptake and implementation of the Canadian research agenda.
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Weeks L, Seely D, DeGrasse C, Verma S, Boon H, Verhoef M, Stacey D. Developing an operational model for an integrative oncology program: a qualitative descriptive feasibility study. Support Care Cancer 2013; 22:731-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-2028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Biswas T, Patel R, Weeks L, Patel R, Dowlati A, Sharma N, Oleinick N, Gerson S, Machtay M. Enhanced Radiosensitization of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Pemetrexed When Combined With Methoxyamine to Inhibit Base Excision Repair. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Turner L, Shamseer L, Altman DG, Weeks L, Peters J, Kober T, Dias S, Schulz KF, Plint AC, Moher D. Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) and the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in medical journals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11:MR000030. [PMID: 23152285 PMCID: PMC7386818 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000030.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An overwhelming body of evidence stating that the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not optimal has accrued over time. In the mid-1990s, in response to these concerns, an international group of clinical trialists, statisticians, epidemiologists, and biomedical journal editors developed the CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement. The CONSORT Statement, most recently updated in March 2010, is an evidence-based minimum set of recommendations including a checklist and flow diagram for reporting RCTs and is intended to facilitate the complete and transparent reporting of trials and aid their critical appraisal and interpretation. In 2006, a systematic review of eight studies evaluating the "effectiveness of CONSORT in improving reporting quality in journals" was published. OBJECTIVES To update the earlier systematic review assessing whether journal endorsement of the 1996 and 2001 CONSORT checklists influences the completeness of reporting of RCTs published in medical journals. SEARCH METHODS We conducted electronic searches, known item searching, and reference list scans to identify reports of evaluations assessing the completeness of reporting of RCTs. The electronic search strategy was developed in MEDLINE and tailored to EMBASE. We searched the Cochrane Methodology Register and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the Wiley interface. We searched the Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index through the ISI Web of Knowledge interface. We conducted all searches to identify reports published between January 2005 and March 2010, inclusive. SELECTION CRITERIA In addition to studies identified in the original systematic review on this topic, comparative studies evaluating the completeness of reporting of RCTs in any of the following comparison groups were eligible for inclusion in this review: 1) Completeness of reporting of RCTs published in journals that have and have not endorsed the CONSORT Statement; 2) Completeness of reporting of RCTs published in CONSORT-endorsing journals before and after endorsement; or 3) Completeness of reporting of RCTs before and after the publication of the CONSORT Statement (1996 or 2001). We used a broad definition of CONSORT endorsement that includes any of the following: (a) requirement or recommendation in journal's 'Instructions to Authors' to follow CONSORT guidelines; (b) journal editorial statement endorsing the CONSORT Statement; or (c) editorial requirement for authors to submit a CONSORT checklist and/or flow diagram with their manuscript. We contacted authors of evaluations reporting data that could be included in any comparison group(s), but not presented as such in the published report and asked them to provide additional data in order to determine eligibility of their evaluation. Evaluations were not excluded due to language of publication or validity assessment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We completed screening and data extraction using standardised electronic forms, where conflicts, reasons for exclusion, and level of agreement were all automatically and centrally managed in web-based management software, DistillerSR(®). One of two authors extracted general characteristics of included evaluations and all data were verified by a second author. Data describing completeness of reporting were extracted by one author using a pre-specified form; a 10% random sample of evaluations was verified by a second author. Any discrepancies were discussed by both authors; we made no modifications to the extracted data. Validity assessments of included evaluations were conducted by one author and independently verified by one of three authors. We resolved all conflicts by consensus.For each comparison we collected data on 27 outcomes: 22 items of the CONSORT 2001 checklist, plus four items relating to the reporting of blinding, and one item of aggregate CONSORT scores. Where reported, we extracted and qualitatively synthesised data on the methodological quality of RCTs, by scale or score. MAIN RESULTS Fifty-three publications reporting 50 evaluations were included. The total number of RCTs assessed within evaluations was 16,604 (median per evaluation 123 (interquartile range (IQR) 77 to 226) published in a median of six (IQR 3 to 26) journals. Characteristics of the included RCT populations were variable, resulting in heterogeneity between included evaluations. Validity assessments of included studies resulted in largely unclear judgements. The included evaluations are not RCTs and less than 8% (4/53) of the evaluations reported adjusting for potential confounding factors. Twenty-five of 27 outcomes assessing completeness of reporting in RCTs appeared to favour CONSORT-endorsing journals over non-endorsers, of which five were statistically significant. 'Allocation concealment' resulted in the largest effect, with risk ratio (RR) 1.81 (99% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 2.61), suggesting that 81% more RCTs published in CONSORT-endorsing journals adequately describe allocation concealment compared to those published in non-endorsing journals. Allocation concealment was reported adequately in 45% (393/876) of RCTs in CONSORT-endorsing journals and in 22% (329/1520) of RCTs in non-endorsing journals. Other outcomes with results that were significant include: scientific rationale and background in the 'Introduction' (RR 1.07, 99% CI 1.01 to 1.14); 'sample size' (RR 1.61, 99% CI 1.13 to 2.29); method used for 'sequence generation' (RR 1.59, 99% CI 1.38 to 1.84); and an aggregate score over reported CONSORT items, 'total sum score' (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.68 (99% CI 0.38 to 0.98)). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence has accumulated to suggest that the reporting of RCTs remains sub-optimal. This review updates a previous systematic review of eight evaluations. The findings of this review are similar to those from the original review and demonstrate that, despite the general inadequacies of reporting of RCTs, journal endorsement of the CONSORT Statement may beneficially influence the completeness of reporting of trials published in medical journals. Future prospective studies are needed to explore the influence of the CONSORT Statement dependent on the extent of editorial policies to ensure adherence to CONSORT guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Turner
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gaudet LM, Singh K, Weeks L, Skidmore B, Tsertsvadze A, Ansari MT. Effectiveness of terbutaline pump for the prevention of preterm birth. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31679. [PMID: 22363704 PMCID: PMC3283660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous terbutaline (SQ terbutaline) infusion by pump is used in pregnant women as a prolonged (beyond 48-72 h) maintenance tocolytic following acute treatment of preterm contractions. The effectiveness and safety of this maintenance tocolysis have not been clearly established. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous (SQ) terbutaline infusion by pump for maintenance tocolysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, post-marketing surveillance data and grey literature were searched up to April 2011 for relevant experimental and observational studies. Two randomized trials, one nonrandomized trial, and 11 observational studies met inclusion criteria. Non-comparative studies were considered only for pump-related harms. We excluded case-reports but sought FDA summaries of post-marketing surveillance data. Non-English records without an English abstract were excluded. Evidence of low strength from observational studies with risk of bias favored SQ terbutaline pump for the outcomes of delivery at <32 and <37 weeks, mean days of pregnancy prolongation, and neonatal death. Observational studies of medium to high risk of bias also demonstrated benefit for other surrogate outcomes, such as birthweight and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Several cases of maternal deaths and maternal cardiovascular events have been reported in patients receiving terbutaline tocolysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although evidence suggests that pump therapy may be beneficial as maintenance tocolysis, our confidence in its validity and reproducibility is low, suggesting that its use should be limited to the research setting. Concerns regarding safety of therapy persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Gaudet
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kavita Singh
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Tsertsvadze
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed T. Ansari
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Turner L, Moher D, Shamseer L, Weeks L, Peters J, Plint A, Altman DG, Schulz KF. The influence of CONSORT on the quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials: an updated review. Trials 2011. [PMCID: PMC3287763 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-s1-a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JAC. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011; 343:d5928. [PMID: 22008217 PMCID: PMC3196245 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21451] [Impact Index Per Article: 1650.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Flaws in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of randomised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P T Higgins
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
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26
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Balneaves LG, Weeks L, Seely D. Patient decision-making about complementary and alternative medicine in cancer management: context and process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 15 Suppl 2:s94-s100. [PMID: 18769576 PMCID: PMC2528558 DOI: 10.3747/co.v15i0.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this paper, we set out to describe the personal and social contexts of treatment decisions made by cancer patients concerning complementary and alternative medicine (cam) and also the process through which cancer patients reach cam decisions throughout the cancer trajectory. Methods We selected and reviewed a variety of cam decision-making models published in the past 10 years within the Canadian health literature. Results The cam decision-making process is influenced by a variety of sociodemographic, disease-related, psychological, and social factors. We reviewed four main phases of the cam decision-making process: Immediately following diagnosis, cancer patients become interested in taking stock of the full spectrum of conventional and cam treatment options that may enhance the effectiveness of their treatment and mediate potential side effects. Information about cam is then gathered from numerous information sources that vary in terms of credibility and scientific legitimacy, and is evaluated. When making a decision regarding cam options, patients attempt to make sense of the diverse information obtained, while acknowledging their beliefs and values. The cam decision is often revisited at key milestones, such as the end of conventional treatment and when additional information about disease, prognosis, and treatment is obtained. Conclusions The cam decision-making process is a dynamic and iterative process that is influenced by a complex array of personal and social factors. Oncology health professionals need to be prepared to offer decision support related to cam throughout the cancer trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Balneaves
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
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Booth RA, Ansari MT, Loit E, Tricco AC, Weeks L, Doucette S, Skidmore B, Sears M, Sy R, Karsh J. Assessment of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed thiopurines: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154:814-23, W-295-8. [PMID: 21690596 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for testing thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) enzymatic activity or genotype before starting therapy with thiopurine-based drugs is unclear. PURPOSE To examine the sensitivity and specificity of TPMT genotyping for TPMT enzymatic activity, reducing harm from thiopurine by pretesting, and the association of thiopurine toxicity with TPMT status in adults and children with chronic inflammatory diseases. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid HealthSTAR (from inception to December 2010) and BIOSIS and Genetics Abstracts (to May 2009). STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers screened records and identified relevant studies in English. DATA EXTRACTION Data on patient characteristics, outcomes, and risk for bias were extracted by one reviewer and independently identified by another. DATA SYNTHESIS 54 observational studies and 1 randomized, controlled trial were included. Insufficient evidence addressed the effectiveness of pretesting. Genotyping sensitivity to identify patients with low and intermediate TPMT enzymatic activity ranged from 70.33% to 86.15% (lower-bound 95% CI, 54.52% to 70.88%; upper-bound CI, 78.50% to 96.33%). Sparse data precluded estimation of genotype sensitivity to identify patients with low to absent enzymatic activity. Genotyping specificity approached 100%. Compared with noncarriers, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes were both associated with leukopenia (odds ratios, 4.29 [CI, 2.67 to 6.89] and 20.84 [CI, 3.42 to 126.89], respectively). Compared with intermediate or normal activity, low TPMT enzymatic activity was significantly associated with myelotoxicity and leukopenia. LIMITATION Available evidence was not rigorous and was underpowered to detect a difference in outcomes. CONCLUSION Insufficient evidence addresses the effectiveness of TPMT pretesting in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Estimates of the sensitivity of genotyping are imprecise. Evidence confirms the known associations of leukopenia or myelotoxicity with reduced TPMT activity or variant genotype. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Walji R, Weeks L, Cooley K, Seely D. Naturopathic medicine and aboriginal health: an exploratory study at Anishnawbe Health Toronto. Can J Public Health 2011. [PMID: 21370784 DOI: 10.1007/bf03403967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences and perceptions of providing and receiving naturopathic care within the Aboriginal community served by community health centre Anishnawbe Health Toronto. METHODS This is an exploratory study using a descriptive qualitative approach to enable better understanding of the care provided to Aboriginal patients by naturopathic interns and clinician supervisors at Anishnawbe Health Toronto (AHT). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 3 naturopathic supervisors, 7 naturopathic interns, and 7 Aboriginal patients to gain an in-depth understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions of naturopathic medicine at AHT. We also conducted 3 confirmatory interviews with Naturopathic Doctors practicing in other Aboriginal communities. RESULTS Naturopathic medicine is perceived to fit with health care philosophies in Aboriginal communities, as it emphasizes spiritual, mental and emotional aspects of health. Specifically, strengths of naturopathic medicine within the Aboriginal community relate to the philosophical suitability of naturopathic medicine, the ability to meet a wide range of health needs, the lack of power imbalance in the patient-practitioner relationship, and the cultural sensitivity of the practitioners. While AHT is highly regarded by patients and practitioners, certain limitations at the local setting regarding privacy and inter-professional communication were evident. Further, to facilitate trust, naturopathic interns require enhanced training in specific health issues that face the Aboriginal population to allow them to better engage with the culture and practices of the Aboriginal community. CONCLUSION The naturopathic clinic at AHT contributes to positive patient outcomes and satisfaction and helps address unmet health needs in this population. Naturopathic medicine may be well suited to address Aboriginal health care needs through its holistic and respectful approach to care and a foundation of traditional knowledge and research evidence for treatment of a person's mind, body and spirit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishma Walji
- Department of Research & Clinical Epidemiology, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON
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Booth RA, Ansari MT, Tricco AC, Loit E, Weeks L, Doucette S, Skidmore B, Hoch JS, Tsouros S, Sears M, Sy R, Karsh J, Mani S, Galipeau J, Yurkiewich A, Daniel R, Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F. Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed azathioprine or other thiopurine-based drugs. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2010:1-282. [PMID: 23126559 PMCID: PMC4781432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether pretreatment determination of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzymatic activity (phenotyping) or TPMT genotype, to guide thiopurine therapy in chronic autoimmune disease patients, reduces treatment harms. Other objectives included assessing: preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic requirements for TPMT testing; diagnostic accuracy of TPMT genotyping versus phenotyping; association of thiopurine toxicity with TPMT genotypic or phenotypic status; and costs of testing, care, and treating drug-associated complications. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and Healthstar were searched from inception to May 2010; the Cochrane Library® to October 2009; and BIOSIS®, Genetics Abstracts, and EconLit™ to May 2009, for English language records. REVIEW METHODS A reviewer screened records, and a second reviewer verified exclusions and subsequent selection of relevant studies. Studies in patients with leukemia and organ transplant were excluded. Additionally, laboratories that provide TPMT analytical services were surveyed to assess means of TPMT testing in practice. Where possible, risk of bias was assessed using standard criteria. Meta-analyses estimated diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity; and odds ratios of associations. RESULTS 1790 titles or abstracts, and 538 full text records were screened. 114 observational studies and one RCT were included. Majority of studies were rated fair quality, except for diagnostic studies with 37 percent of studies rated poor. In general, there were few patients who were homozygous (or compound heterozygous) for TPMT variant alleles in the included studies limiting applicability. There is insufficient evidence examining effectiveness of pretesting in terms of reduction in clinical adverse events. Sufficient preanalytical data were available regarding preferred specimen collection, stability and storage conditions for TPMT testing. There was no clinically significant effect of age, gender, various coadministered drugs, or most morbidities (with the exception of renal failure and dialysis). TPMT phenotyping methods had coefficients of variation generally below 10 percent. TPMT genotyping reproducibility is generally between 95-100 percent. The sensitivity of genotyping to identify patients with low or intermediate TPMT enzymatic activity is imprecise, ranging from 70.70 to 82.10 percent (95 percent CI, lower bound range 37.90 to 54.00 percent; upper bound range 84.60 to 96.90 percent). Sensitivity of homozygous TPMT genotype to correctly identify patients with low to absent enzymatic activity was 87.10 percent (95 percent CI 44.30 to 98.30 percent). Genotyping specificity approached 100 percent. Leukopenia was significantly associated with low and intermediate enzymatic activity (low activity OR 80.00, 95 percent CI 11.5 to 559; and intermediate activity OR 2.96, 95 percent CI 1.18 to 7.42), and homozygous and heterozygous TPMT variant allele genotype (OR 18.60, 95 percent CI 4.12 to 83.60; and 4.62, 95 percent CI 2.34 to 9.16, respectively). In general, TPMT phenotyping costs less than genotyping, although estimates across studies are quite heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient direct evidence regarding the effectiveness of pretesting of TPMT status in patients with chronic autoimmune diseases. Indirect evidence confirms strong association of leukopenia with lower levels of TPMT activity and carrier genotype already established in the literature.
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Furlan AD, Yazdi F, Tsertsvadze A, Gross A, Van Tulder M, Santaguida L, Cherkin D, Gagnier J, Ammendolia C, Ansari MT, Ostermann T, Dryden T, Doucette S, Skidmore B, Daniel R, Tsouros S, Weeks L, Galipeau J. Complementary and alternative therapies for back pain II. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2010:1-764. [PMID: 23126534 PMCID: PMC4781408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back and neck pain are important health problems with serious societal and economic implications. Conventional treatments have been shown to have limited benefit in improving patient outcomes. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies offer additional options in the management of low back and neck pain. Many trials evaluating CAM therapies have poor quality and inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the efficacy, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and harms of acupuncture, spinal manipulation, mobilization, and massage techniques in management of back, neck, and/or thoracic pain. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched up to 2010; unpublished literature and reference lists of relevant articles were also searched. study selection: All records were screened by two independent reviewers. Primary reports of comparative efficacy, effectiveness, harms, and/or economic evaluations from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the CAM therapies in adults (age ≥ 18 years) with back, neck, or thoracic pain were eligible. Non-randomized controlled trials and observational studies (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional) comparing harms were also included. Reviews, case reports, editorials, commentaries or letters were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers using a predefined form extracted data on study, participants, treatments, and outcome characteristics. RESULTS 265 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs were included. Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain was associated with significantly lower pain intensity than placebo but only immediately post-treatment (VAS: -0.59, 95 percent CI: -0.93, -0.25). However, acupuncture was not different from placebo in post-treatment disability, pain medication intake, or global improvement in chronic nonspecific low back pain. Acupuncture did not differ from sham-acupuncture in reducing chronic non-specific neck pain immediately after treatment (VAS: 0.24, 95 percent CI: -1.20, 0.73). Acupuncture was superior to no treatment in improving pain intensity (VAS: -1.19, 95 percent CI: 95 percent CI: -2.17, -0.21), disability (PDI), functioning (HFAQ), well-being (SF-36), and range of mobility (extension, flexion), immediately after the treatment. In general, trials that applied sham-acupuncture tended to produce negative results (i.e., statistically non-significant) compared to trials that applied other types of placebo (e.g., TENS, medication, laser). Results regarding comparisons with other active treatments (pain medication, mobilization, laser therapy) were less consistent Acupuncture was more cost-effective compared to usual care or no treatment for patients with chronic back pain. For both low back and neck pain, manipulation was significantly better than placebo or no treatment in reducing pain immediately or short-term after the end of treatment. Manipulation was also better than acupuncture in improving pain and function in chronic nonspecific low back pain. Results from studies comparing manipulation to massage, medication, or physiotherapy were inconsistent, either in favor of manipulation or indicating no significant difference between the two treatments. Findings of studies regarding costs of manipulation relative to other therapies were inconsistent. Mobilization was superior to no treatment but not different from placebo in reducing low back pain or spinal flexibility after the treatment. Mobilization was better than physiotherapy in reducing low back pain (VAS: -0.50, 95 percent CI: -0.70, -0.30) and disability (Oswestry: -4.93, 95 percent CI: -5.91, -3.96). In subjects with acute or subacute neck pain, mobilization compared to placebo significantly reduced neck pain. Mobilization and placebo did not differ in subjects with chronic neck pain. Massage was superior to placebo or no treatment in reducing pain and disability only amongst subjects with acute/sub-acute low back pain. Massage was also significantly better than physical therapy in improving back pain (VAS: -2.11, 95 percent CI: -3.15, -1.07) or disability. For subjects with neck pain, massage was better than no treatment, placebo, or exercise in improving pain or disability, but not neck flexibility. Some evidence indicated higher costs for massage use compared to general practitioner care for low back pain. Reporting of harms in RCTs was poor and inconsistent. Subjects receiving CAM therapies reported soreness or bleeding on the site of application after acupuncture and worsening of pain after manipulation or massage. In two case-control studies cervical manipulation was shown to be significantly associated with vertebral artery dissection or vertebrobasilar vascular accident. CONCLUSIONS Evidence was of poor to moderate grade and most of it pertained to chronic nonspecific pain, making it difficult to draw more definitive conclusions regarding benefits and harms of CAM therapies in subjects with acute/subacute, mixed, or unknown duration of pain. The benefit of CAM treatments was mostly evident immediately or shortly after the end of the treatment and then faded with time. Very few studies reported long-term outcomes. There was insufficient data to explore subgroup effects. The trial results were inconsistent due probably to methodological and clinical diversity, thereby limiting the extent of quantitative synthesis and complicating interpretation of trial results. Strong efforts are warranted to improve the conduct methodology and reporting quality of primary studies of CAM therapies. Future well powered head to head comparisons of CAM treatments and trials comparing CAM to widely used active treatments that report on all clinically relevant outcomes are needed to draw better conclusions.
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Bhosale SV, Bissett MA, Forsyth C, Langford SJ, Neville SM, Shapter JG, Weeks L, Woodward CP. Designing functionalized porphyrins capable of pseudo-2D self-assembly on surfaces. Org Lett 2008; 10:2943-6. [PMID: 18557627 DOI: 10.1021/ol800895q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A crystallography-instructed strategy to highly ordered layering of porphyrins with different topologies on HOPG is developed based on meso-tetraarylporphyrins bearing 2-ethoxyethanol side chains as "sticky ends". These sticky ends are capable of displaying directive hydrogen bonding motifs with the inherent D4h symmetry of the porphyrins. Solvent effects are shown to have an important role in fabricating the adsorption. Metalation and subsequent axial ligation was a key controlling factor in the topology of the layer, leading to pseudo-2D structures on HOPG.
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Weeks L, Verhoef M, Scott C. Presenting the alternative: cancer and complementary and alternative medicine in the Canadian print media. Support Care Cancer 2007; 15:931-8. [PMID: 17624558 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-007-0290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
GOALS OF WORK Cancer patients repeatedly identify the mass media as a primary information source to support their decisions to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Accordingly, the objectives of this research are to describe: (1) what has been reported in the Canadian print media regarding CAM treatment for cancer between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2005; (2) how that information was represented; and (3) trends in reporting frequency and reporting characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Content analysis of all articles published in four Canadian newspapers and five magazines that discussed CAM treatment for cancer. MAIN RESULTS 915 articles were identified: 760 newspaper articles and 155 magazine articles. The CAM therapies most commonly described in media reports were: natural health products, CAM therapies in general, special diets, spirituality, and meditation. CAM therapies were most often described in a positive fashion, and CAM use was most often described as a potential cure for cancer. The majority of articles did not present information on the risks, benefits, and costs of CAM use and few provided a recommendation to speak with a health care provider before use. CONCLUSIONS The results correspond with the commercial interests of media outlets, as coverage appears to be focused around entertainment rather than information provision. The media play a role in introducing a range of treatment options to cancer patients that may not be discussed by conventional health care providers; however, the information provided in media articles appears insufficient to assist patients with informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weeks
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Verhoef M, Weeks L, Brazier A, Leis A. Evaluating supportive cancer care: are we missing an opportunity? Support Care Cancer 2007; 15:905-7. [PMID: 17609993 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-007-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer care can be described as a system or complex network of interventions delivered at various times and places with different intentions. CANCER CARE AS A SYSTEM Cancer care can include medical treatments, psychosocial care, complementary and alternative medicine, self-care, as well as the process of healing and the context in which care is delivered. EVALUATING CANCER CARE Whereas evaluating individual cancer treatments can be difficult, evaluating cancer care is even more challenging and requires a research framework that relies on methodologies capable of addressing its holistic, individualized, and complex nature. IN SUMMARY We suggest that research frameworks focused on studying complex or whole systems are a promising evaluation approach and an opportunity for further exploration.
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Haddad R, Posner M, Wirth L, Sonis S, Goguen L, Norris C, Sullivan C, Weeks L, Costello R, Tishler R. Concomitant Chemoradiation Using Weekly Carboplatin/Paclitaxel With or Without Daily Subcutaneous Amifostine in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wirth LJ, Moran AE, Krane JF, Weeks L, Norris CM, Goguen LA, Sullivan CA, Haddad RI, Posner MR, Bertagnolli MM. Pilot study of celecoxib in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs): Preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Wirth
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - A. E. Moran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - J. F. Krane
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - L. Weeks
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - C. M. Norris
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - L. A. Goguen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - C. A. Sullivan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - R. I. Haddad
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - M. R. Posner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - M. M. Bertagnolli
- Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
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Haddad RI, Gokhale AS, Wirth L, Weeks L, Faucher J, Hallar M, Cavacini LA, Posner MR. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels and squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Haddad
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - A. S. Gokhale
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - L. Wirth
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - L. Weeks
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - J. Faucher
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - M. Hallar
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - L. A. Cavacini
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - M. R. Posner
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Guadagnolo BA, Tishler RB, Posner MR, Weeks L, Wirth LJ, Norris CM, Sullivan CA, Goguen L, Busse PM, Haddad RI. Organ preservation for patients treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by radiation therapy (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT) for advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Guadagnolo
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R. B. Tishler
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M. R. Posner
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L. Weeks
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L. J. Wirth
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C. M. Norris
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C. A. Sullivan
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - L. Goguen
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - P. M. Busse
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R. I. Haddad
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA; Brigham & Womens Hospital, Boston, MA
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Zhao L, Xu Z, Grove H, Milway VA, Dawe LN, Abedin TSM, Thompson LK, Kelly TL, Harvey RG, Miller DO, Weeks L, Shapter JG, Pope KJ. Supramolecular Mn(II) and Mn(II)/Mn(III) Grid Complexes with [Mn9(μ2-O)12] Core Structures. Structural, Magnetic, and Redox Properties and Surface Studies. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:3812-24. [PMID: 15206861 DOI: 10.1021/ic030319v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of [3 x 3] Mn(II)(9), antiferromagnetically coupled, alkoxide-bridged, square grid complexes, derived from a group of "tritopic" dihydrazide ligands, is described. The outer ring of eight Mn(II) centers in the grids is isolated magnetically from the central Mn(II) ion, leading to an S = 0 ground state for the ring, and an S = 5/2 ground state overall in each case. Exchange in the Mn(II)(8) ring can be represented by a 1D chain exchange model. Rich electrochemistry displayed by these systems has led to the production of Mn(II)/Mn(III) mixed-oxidation-state grids by both electrochemical and chemical means. Structures are reported for [Mn(9)(2poap)(6)](C(2)N(3))(6).10H(2)O (1), [Mn(9)(2poap)(6)](2)[Mn(NCS)(4)(H(2)O)](2)(NCS)(8).10H(2)O (2), [Mn(9)(2poapz)(6)](NO(3))(6).14.5H(2)O (3), [Mn(9)(2popp)(6)](NO(3))(6).12H(2)O (4), [Mn(9)(2pomp)(6)](MnCl(4))(2)Cl(2).2CH(3)OH.7H(2)O (5), and [Mn(9)(Cl2poap)(6)](ClO(4))(9).7H(2)O (6). Compound 1 crystallized in the tetragonal system, space group P4(2)/n, with a = 21.568(1) A, c = 16.275(1) A, and Z = 2. Compound 2 crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P, with a = 25.043(1) A, b = 27.413(1) A, c = 27.538(2) A, alpha = 91.586(2) degrees, beta = 113.9200(9) degrees, gamma = 111.9470(8) degrees, and Z = 2. Compound 3 crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P, with a = 18.1578(12) A, b = 18.2887(12) A, c = 26.764(2) A, alpha = 105.7880(12) degrees, beta = 101.547(2) degrees, gamma = 91.1250(11) degrees, and Z = 2. Compound 4 crystallized in the tetragonal system, space group P4(1)2(1)2, with a = 20.279(1) A, c = 54.873(6) A, and Z = 4. Compound 5 crystallized in the tetragonal system, space group I, with a = 18.2700(2) A, c = 26.753(2) A, and Z = 2. Compound 6 crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P, with a = 19.044(2) A, b = 19.457(2) A, c = 23.978(3) A, alpha = 84.518(3) degrees, beta = 81.227(3) degrees, gamma = 60.954(2) degrees, and Z = 2. Preliminary surface studies on Au(111), with a Mn(II) grid complex derived from a sulfur-derivatized ligand, indicate monolayer coverage via gold-sulfur interactions, and the potential for information storage at high-density levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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Abstract
The scanning tunnelling microscopy imaging of [3 x 3] Mn(II) nonanuclear grids on gold substrates is described. Self-assembled behaviour is observed at both high and low coverage, with submolecular resolution of individual molecules displayed at low deposition concentrations. The importance of proper image processing techniques is demonstrated in resolving the layer structure at high coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weeks
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Science, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Weeks L, Kalmbach MA. Past goals/future challenges. Mich Health Hosp 2001; 37:72. [PMID: 11467135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
At the 2001 MHA Annual Corporate Membership Meeting in June, the Michigan Association of Hospital Auxiliaries (MAHA) saw one president step down and a new one begin a one-year appointment. The following are the thoughts of each woman as they assume their respective positions as counselor and president.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weeks
- Michigan Association of Hospital Auxiliaries, USA
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Ploplis VA, Cornelissen I, Sandoval-Cooper MJ, Weeks L, Noria FA, Castellino FJ. Remodeling of the vessel wall after copper-induced injury is highly attenuated in mice with a total deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:107-17. [PMID: 11141484 PMCID: PMC1850258 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have indicated that high plasma levels of fibrinogen, or decreased fibrinolytic potential, are conducive to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Other investigations have shown that insoluble fibrin promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation by affecting smooth muscle cell proliferation, collagen deposition, and cholesterol accumulation. To directly assess the physiological impact of an imbalanced fibrinolytic system on both early and late stages of this disease, mice deficient for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1(-/-)) were used in a model of vascular injury/repair, and the resulting phenotype compared to that of wild-type (WT) mice. A copper-induced arterial injury was found to generate a lesion with characteristics similar to many of the clinical features of atherosclerosis. Fibrin deposition in the injured arterial wall at early (7 days) and late (21 days) times after copper cuff placement was prevalent in WT mice, but was greatly diminished in PAI-1(-/-) mice. A multilayered neointima with enhanced collagen deposition was evident at day 21 in WT mice. In contrast, only diffuse fibrin was identified in the adventitial compartments of arteries from PAI-1(-/-) mice, with no evidence of a neointima. Neovascularization was observed in the adventitia and was more extensive in WT arteries, relative to PAI-1(-/-) arteries. Additionally, enhanced PAI-1 expression and fat deposition were seen only in the arterial walls of WT mice. The results of this study emphasize the involvement of the fibrinolytic system in vascular repair processes after injury and indicate that alterations in the fibrinolytic balance in the vessel wall have a profound effect on the development and progression of vascular lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Ploplis
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Jansen H, Verhoeven AJ, Weeks L, Kastelein JJ, Halley DJ, van den Ouweland A, Jukema JW, Seidell JC, Birkenhäger JC. Common C-to-T substitution at position -480 of the hepatic lipase promoter associated with a lowered lipase activity in coronary artery disease patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:2837-42. [PMID: 9409263 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.11.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the molecular basis of low hepatic lipase (HL) activity in normolipidemic male patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). In 18 subjects with a lowered HL activity (< 225 mU/mL), all nine exons of the HL gene and part of the promoter region (nucleotides -524 to +7) were sequenced. No structural mutations in the coding part of the HL gene were found, but 50% of the subjects showed a C-to-T substitution at nucleotide -480. Screening for the base substitution in 782 patients yielded an allele frequency of 0.213 (297 heterozygotes, 18 homozygotes). In a group of 316 nonsymptomatic control subjects, the allele frequency was 0.189, which is significantly less than in the CAD patients (P = .035). In the CAD patients, the C-to-T substitution was associated with a lowered lipase activity (heterozygotes -15%, homozygotes -20%). The patients were divided into quartiles on the basis of HL activity. Sixty percent (allele frequency 0.32) of the patients in the lowest quartile (HL activity < 306 mU/mL) had the gene variant against 27% (allele frequency 0.14) in the highest quartile (HL activity > 466 mU/mL). In the noncarriers, but not in the carriers, HL activity was related with plasma insulin, being increased at higher insulin concentration. Homozygous carriers had a significantly higher HDL cholesterol level-than noncarriers (1.13 +/- 0.28 mmol/L versus 0.92 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, P < .02). Our results show that a C-to-T substitution at -480 of the HL promoter is associated with a lowered HL activity. The base substitution, or a closely linked gene variation, may contribute to the variation in HL activity and affect plasma lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
In 1989, Hermann Hospital and University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center School of Nursing applied for and received approval to implement a 5-year demonstration project funded by the Health Care Finance Administration using Medicaid pass-through funds to educate nurses at the graduate level. The project aimed to evaluate the impact of advanced practice nurses and researchers on the practice of professional nursing at a 655-bed acute-care hospital in a large metropolitan area. The authors describe the factors that served to galvanize the two institutions to apply for such a grant, discuss the barriers encountered along the course of the project, and list the outcomes achieved by 1994 or project end. Predictions regarding the second 5-year segment (phase 2) are summarized as well. The article includes suggestions to other institutions interested in replicating such a project.
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MESH Headings
- Clinical Nursing Research
- Cost Allocation
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Education, Nursing, Graduate/economics
- Education, Nursing, Graduate/organization & administration
- Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over
- Hospital Costs
- Hospitals, Teaching/economics
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Interinstitutional Relations
- Male
- Mentors
- Middle Aged
- Models, Nursing
- Nursing Faculty Practice
- Nursing Service, Hospital/economics
- Nursing Service, Hospital/standards
- Schools, Nursing/organization & administration
- Texas
- Workforce
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weeks
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA
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Haas DW, Stratton CW, Griffin JP, Weeks L, Alls SC. Diminished activity of ceftizoxime in comparison to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:671-6. [PMID: 7756494 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/20.3.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports documenting the essentially identical spectra of activity of ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone prompted our hospital formulary committee to replace the latter two drugs with ceftizoxime on the basis of cost differences. However, we subsequently observed that every one of 60 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae tested was less susceptible to ceftizoxime than to either cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. The difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was greatest for strains moderately or fully resistant to penicillin, which at our institution represent approximately 32% of all isolates of S. pneumoniae. Ten isolates with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone MICs of 2.0-6.0 micrograms/mL had ceftizoxime MICs of > or = 256 micrograms/mL. Time-kill kinetic studies assessing bactericidal activity confirmed the diminished activity of ceftizoxime against penicillin-resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae. Ceftizoxime should not be used to treat proven or suspected pneumococcal infection in areas where resistance to penicillin is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Haas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-4751, USA
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Liehr P, Weeks L. How to support a hospital-based model for nursing research. Aspens Advis Nurse Exec 1995; 10:4-5. [PMID: 7833181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
The incidence of long-term pain (between 1 and 48 weeks and at 2 year follow-up) unrelated to the surgical site following either regional brachial plexus or general anaesthesia was determined. In 834 patients with regional anaesthesia, the incidence (11.1%) was significantly higher than in the 86 patients with general anaesthesia (3.6%; P = 0.03). The incidence of pain was not significantly different among four common techniques of positioning the needle tip in the axillary sheath (9.9 to 11.1%). Parascalene blocks had a slightly but not significantly higher rate (16.3%). A regional re-block was not associated with a higher incidence when compared to those blocked only once. A more distal local re-block was associated with a higher incidence of pain (23%). 2 years post-operatively, 0.5% of patients had pain related to the regional block. A significant proportion of patients developed some long-lasting post-operative pain following regional brachial plexus anaesthesia, although ultimate morbidity was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weeks
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Micro Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky
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Wolffenbuttel BH, Weber RF, Weeks L, van Koetsveld PM, Verschoor L. Twice daily insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and secondary failure to sulphonylureas. Diabetes Res 1990; 13:79-84. [PMID: 2091874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In 26 type 2 diabetic patients with failure to diet and sulphonylureas (fasting blood glucose levels greater than 8.0 mmol/l) the effects of insulin therapy on blood glucose control, islet B-cell function and plasma lipids were studied. Age was 58 +/- 11 (SD) yr, median duration of diabetes 6.5, range 1-24 yr, and body mass index 24.5, range 18.9-36.3 kg/m2. Six patients were obese. Therapy comprised twice daily injections of intermediate-acting insulin with additional fast-acting insulin when necessary. After six months, insulin dose was 39 +/- 10 U in the non-obese patients. Their fasting (14.0 +/- 2.7 mmol/l) and post-prandial blood glucose (17.9 +/- 4.5 mmol/l) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1, 13.0 +/- 2.0%) declined to 7.7 +/- 1.6 mmol/l, 10.6 +/- 2.6 mmol/l and 9.5 +/- 1.0%, respectively (p less than 0.001). Median body weight increased by 3.7 kg (p less than 0.001). The changes in body weight correlated well with the changes in fasting blood glucose (r = -0.75, p less than 0.01) and HbA1 (r = -0.73, p less than 0.01). Fasting plasma insulin increased (p less than 0.01), whereas fasting plasma C-peptide and C-peptide release after glucagon did not change. Free fatty acids, LDL-cholesterol, total and VLDL-triglycerides showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease during insulin treatment. In the six obese patients insulin dose after six months was 44 +/- 18 U. Fasting blood glucose fell from 11.3 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/l (p less than 0.01), and HbA1 decreased from 10.7 +/- 1.1% to 9.8 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rotterdam-"Dijkzigt", Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wolffenbuttel BH, Weber RF, van Koetsveld PM, Weeks L, Verschoor L. A randomized crossover study of sulphonylurea and insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on dietary therapy. Diabet Med 1989; 6:520-5. [PMID: 2527134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1989.tb01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 13 non-obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who failed to achieve adequate blood glucose control on dietary treatment (fasting blood glucose 13.4 +/- 2.7 (+/- SD) mmol l-1, glycosylated haemoglobin 13.0 +/- 1.7%), the effects of 6 months insulin or sulphonylurea therapy on blood glucose control and lipid metabolism were compared in a randomized crossover study. Three patients, who showed a clear improvement on insulin (median glycosylated haemoglobin fell from 14.7 to 8.6%), withdrew from the study prematurely because of subjective and objective signs of hyperglycaemia after crossover from insulin to sulphonylurea. Daily dose after 6 months was 2000 mg tolbutamide (n = 3), 18 +/- 1 mg glibenclamide (n = 7), or 34 +/- 3 U insulin. On insulin, fasting (8.0 +/- 1.9 mmol l-1) and postprandial blood glucose (10.4 +/- 2.7 mmol l-1), and glycosylated haemoglobin (9.5 +/- 1.1%) were lower than on sulphonylurea (11.0 +/- 3.4 mmol l-1, 14.4 +/- 4.8 mmol l-1 and 11.0 +/- 2.5%, respectively, p less than 0.05 in each case). Median increase in body weight was greater on insulin (4.2 vs 1.1 kg, p less than 0.05). Six patients experienced improved well-being on insulin compared with sulphonylurea. Median plasma non-esterified fatty acids decreased from 825 mumol l-1 to 476 mumol l-1 (sulphonylurea) and 642 mumol l-1 (insulin, both p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Clinical Endocrinology, University Hospital Rotterdam, Dijkzigt, The Netherlands
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del Bueno DJ, Weeks L, Brown-Stewart P. Clinical assessment centers: a cost-effective alternative for competency development. Nurs Econ 1987; 5:21-6. [PMID: 3100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Perry AC, Tapp J, Weeks L. The effects of interval aerobic training on plasma lipid fractions of male and post-menopausal sedentary faculty. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1986; 26:186-93. [PMID: 3747486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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