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B Szabo A, Sayegh F, Gauzin S, Lejards C, Guiard B, Valton L, Verret L, Rampon C, Dahan L. No major effect of dopamine receptor 1/5 antagonist SCH-23390 on epileptic activity in the Tg2576 mouse model of amyloidosis. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1558-1566. [PMID: 38308520 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The excitation-inhibition imbalance manifesting as epileptic activities in Alzheimer's disease is gaining more and more attention, and several potentially involved cellular and molecular pathways are currently under investigation. Based on in vitro studies, dopamine D1-type receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus have been proposed to participate in this peculiar co-morbidity in mouse models of amyloidosis. Here, we tested the implication of dopaminergic transmission in vivo in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by monitoring epileptic activities via intracranial EEG before and after treatment with dopamine antagonists. Our results show that neither the D1-like dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 nor the D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol reduces the frequency of epileptic activities. While requiring further investigation, our results indicate that on a systemic level, dopamine receptors are not significantly contributing to epilepsy observed in vivo in this mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Farès Sayegh
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sèbastien Gauzin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet - Purpan, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Coutens B, Lejards C, Bouisset G, Verret L, Rampon C, Guiard BP. Enriched environmental exposure reduces the onset of action of the serotonin norepinephrin reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine through its effect on parvalbumin interneurons plasticity in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 37365183 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivity resulting from a decreased inhibitory feedback exerted by the hippocampus on this brain structure. Growing evidence suggests that antidepressants would regulate hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance to restore an effective inhibition on this stress axis. While these pharmacological compounds produce beneficial clinical effects, they also have limitations including their long delay of action. Interestingly, non-pharmacological strategies such as environmental enrichment improve therapeutic outcome in depressed patients as in animal models of depression. However, whether exposure to enriched environment also reduces the delay of action of antidepressants remains unknown. We investigated this issue using the corticosterone-induced mouse model of depression, submitted to antidepressant treatment by venlafaxine, alone or in combination with enriched housing. We found that the anxio-depressive phenotype of male mice was improved after only two weeks of venlafaxine treatment when combined with enriched housing, which is six weeks earlier than mice treated with venlafaxine but housed in standard conditions. Furthermore, venlafaxine combined with exposure to enriched environment is associated with a reduction in the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNN) in the mouse hippocampus. We then showed that the presence of PNN in depressed mice prevented their behavioral recovery, while pharmacological degradation of hippocampal PNN accelerated the antidepressant action of venlafaxine. Altogether, our data support the idea that non-pharmacological strategies can shorten the onset of action of antidepressants and further identifies PV interneurons as relevant actors of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Coutens
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Bouisset
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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B Szabo A, Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Dard RF, Sayegh F, Gauzin S, Lejards C, Valton L, Rampon C, Verret L, Dahan L. Neuronal hyperexcitability in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - the influence of sleep and noradrenergic transmission. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:35-48. [PMID: 36634385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and network hypersynchrony - manifesting as epileptic activities - received considerable attention in the past decade. However, several questions remain unanswered as to its mechanistic underpinnings. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to better characterise epileptic events in the Tg2576 mouse model throughout the sleep-wake cycle and disease progression via electrophysiological recordings and (2) to explore the involvement of noradrenergic transmission in this pathological hypersynchrony. Over and above confirming the previously described early presence and predominance of epileptic events during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, we also show that these events do not worsen with age and are highly phase-locked to the section of the theta cycle during REM sleep where hippocampal pyramidal cells reach their highest firing probability. Finally, we reveal an antiepileptic mechanism of noradrenergic transmission via α1-adrenoreceptors that could explain the intriguing distribution of epileptic events over the sleep-wake cycle in this model, with potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of the epileptic events occurring in many AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Vanessa Cattaud
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Bezzina
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin F Dard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fares Sayegh
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Gauzin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet - Purpan, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Loisy M, Bouisset G, Lopez S, Muller M, Spitsyn A, Duval J, Piskorowski RA, Verret L, Chevaleyre V. Sequential inhibitory plasticities in hippocampal area CA2 and social memory formation. Neuron 2022; 110:2854-2866.e4. [PMID: 35858622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Area CA2 is a critical region for diverse hippocampal functions including social recognition memory. This region has unique properties and connectivity. Notably, intra-hippocampal excitatory inputs to CA2 lack canonical long-term plasticity, but inhibitory transmission expresses a long-term depression mediated by Delta-opioid receptors (DOR-iLTDs). Evidence indicates that DOR-iLTDs are insufficient to underlie social coding. Here, we report a novel inhibitory plasticity mediated by cannabinoid type 1 receptor activation (CB1R-iLTD). Surprisingly, CB1R-iLTD requires previous induction of DOR-iLTDs, indicating a permissive role for DOR plasticity. Blockade of CB1Rs in CA2 completely prevents social memory formation. Furthermore, the sequentiality of DOR- and CB1R-mediated plasticity occurs in vivo during successive social interactions. Finally, CB1R-iLTD is altered in a mouse model of schizophrenia with impaired social cognition but is rescued by a manipulation that also rescues social memory. Altogether, our data reveal a unique interplay between two inhibitory plasticities and a novel mechanism for social memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïthé Loisy
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Bouisset
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Lopez
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Muller
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alena Spitsyn
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Duval
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Ann Piskorowski
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vivien Chevaleyre
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 75014 Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, France.
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Rey CC, Robert V, Bouisset G, Loisy M, Lopez S, Cattaud V, Lejards C, Piskorowski RA, Rampon C, Chevaleyre V, Verret L. Altered inhibitory function in hippocampal CA2 contributes in social memory deficits in Alzheimer’s mouse model. iScience 2022; 25:103895. [PMID: 35243253 PMCID: PMC8873612 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons which are often associated with the specific extracellular matrix perineuronal net (PNN) play a critical role in the alteration of brain activity and memory performance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The integrity of these neurons is crucial for normal functioning of the hippocampal subfield CA2, and hence, social memory formation. Here, we find that social memory deficits of mouse models of AD are associated with decreased presence of PNN around PV cells and long-term synaptic plasticity in area CA2. Furthermore, single local injection of the growth factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is sufficient to restore both PV/PNN levels and social memory performance of these mice. Thus, the PV/PNN disruption in area CA2 could play a causal role in social memory deficits of AD mice, and activating PV cell pro-maturation pathways may be sufficient to restore social memory. Tg2576 mouse model of AD have normal sociability, but cannot form social memory Tg2576 mice have less detectable PV interneurons and PNN in hippocampal area CA2 PV-dependent long-term plasticity is altered in CA2 of Tg2576 mice NRG1 in CA2 increases PV/PNN and restores social memory of these AD mice
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Domínguez S, Rey CC, Therreau L, Fanton A, Massotte D, Verret L, Piskorowski RA, Chevaleyre V. Maturation of PNN and ErbB4 Signaling in Area CA2 during Adolescence Underlies the Emergence of PV Interneuron Plasticity and Social Memory. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1099-1112.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Rey CC, Lejards C, Dahan L, Verret L. Early disruption of parvalbumin expression and perineuronal nets in the hippocampus of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease can be rescued by enriched environment. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:147-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morris M, Sanchez PE, Verret L, Beagle AJ, Guo W, Dubal D, Ranasinghe KG, Koyama A, Ho K, Yu GQ, Vossel KA, Mucke L. Network dysfunction in α-synuclein transgenic mice and human Lewy body dementia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:1012-28. [PMID: 26732627 PMCID: PMC4693622 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is associated with the accumulation of wild‐type human α‐synuclein (SYN) in neurons and with prominent slowing of brain oscillations on electroencephalography (EEG). However, it remains uncertain whether the EEG abnormalities are actually caused by SYN. Methods To determine whether SYN can cause neural network abnormalities, we performed EEG recordings and analyzed the expression of neuronal activity‐dependent gene products in SYN transgenic mice. We also carried out comparative analyses in humans with DLB. Results We demonstrate that neuronal expression of SYN in transgenic mice causes a left shift in spectral power that closely resembles the EEG slowing observed in DLB patients. Surprisingly, SYN mice also had seizures and showed molecular hippocampal alterations indicative of aberrant network excitability, including calbindin depletion in the dentate gyrus. In postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients, we found reduced levels of calbindin mRNA in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, nearly one quarter of DLB patients showed myoclonus, a clinical sign of aberrant network excitability that was associated with an earlier age of onset of cognitive impairments. In SYN mice, partial suppression of epileptiform activity did not alter their shift in spectral power. Furthermore, epileptiform activity in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice was not associated with a left shift in spectral power. Interpretation We conclude that neuronal accumulation of SYN slows brain oscillations and, in parallel, causes aberrant network excitability that can escalate into seizure activity. The potential role of aberrant network excitability in DLB merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Morris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program Department of Biological Chemistry The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland 21205
| | - Pascal E Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158
| | - Laure Verret
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158; Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
| | - Alexander J Beagle
- Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
| | - Weikun Guo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158
| | - Dena Dubal
- Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
| | - Akihiko Koyama
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158
| | - Keith A Vossel
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158; Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California 94158; Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California 94158
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Bezzina C, Verret L, Halley H, Dahan L, Rampon C. Environmental enrichment does not influence hypersynchronous network activity in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:178. [PMID: 26441640 PMCID: PMC4585132 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive reserve hypothesis claims that the brain can overcome pathology by reinforcing preexistent processes or by developing alternative cognitive strategies. Epidemiological studies have revealed that this reserve can be built throughout life experiences as education or leisure activities. We previously showed that an early transient environmental enrichment (EE) durably improves memory performances in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we evidenced a hypersynchronous brain network activity in young adult Tg2576 mice. As aberrant oscillatory activity can contribute to memory deficits, we wondered whether the long-lasting memory improvements observed after EE were associated with a reduction of neuronal network hypersynchrony. Thus, we exposed non-transgenic (NTg) and Tg2576 mice to standard or enriched housing conditions for 10 weeks, starting at 3 months of age. Two weeks after EE period, Tg2576 mice presented similar seizure susceptibility to a GABA receptor antagonist. Immediately after and 2 weeks after this enrichment period, standard and enriched-housed Tg2576 mice did not differ with regards to the frequency of interictal spikes on their electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Thus, the long-lasting effect of this EE protocol on memory capacities in Tg2576 mice is not mediated by a reduction of their cerebral aberrant neuronal activity at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bezzina
- UMR5169 CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- UMR5169 CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Halley
- UMR5169 CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- UMR5169 CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- UMR5169 CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Toulouse, France
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Bezzina C, Verret L, Juan C, Remaud J, Halley H, Rampon C, Dahan L. Early onset of hypersynchronous network activity and expression of a marker of chronic seizures in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119910. [PMID: 25768013 PMCID: PMC4358928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical and hippocampal hypersynchrony of neuronal networks seems to be an early event in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Many mouse models of the disease also present neuronal network hypersynchrony, as evidenced by higher susceptibility to pharmacologically-induced seizures, electroencephalographic seizures accompanied by spontaneous interictal spikes and expression of markers of chronic seizures such as neuropeptide Y ectopic expression in mossy fibers. This network hypersynchrony is thought to contribute to memory deficits, but whether it precedes the onset of memory deficits or not in mouse models remains unknown. The earliest memory impairments in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease have been observed at 3 months of age. We thus assessed network hypersynchrony in Tg2576 and non-transgenic male mice at 1.5, 3 and 6 months of age. As soon as 1.5 months of age, Tg2576 mice presented higher seizure susceptibility to systemic injection of a GABAA receptor antagonist. They also displayed spontaneous interictal spikes on EEG recordings. Some Tg2576 mice presented hippocampal ectopic expression of neuropeptide Y which incidence seems to increase with age among the Tg2576 population. Our data reveal that network hypersynchrony appears very early in Tg2576 mice, before any demonstrated memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bezzina
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Juan
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Remaud
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Halley
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Krezymon A, Richetin K, Halley H, Roybon L, Lassalle JM, Francès B, Verret L, Rampon C. Modifications of hippocampal circuits and early disruption of adult neurogenesis in the tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76497. [PMID: 24086745 PMCID: PMC3785457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease, cognitive dysfunction is accompanied by severe alterations of hippocampal circuits that may largely underlie memory impairments. However, it is likely that anatomical remodeling in the hippocampus may start long before any cognitive alteration is detected. Using the well-described Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that develops progressive age-dependent amyloidosis and cognitive deficits, we examined whether specific stages of the disease were associated with the expression of anatomical markers of hippocampal dysfunction. We found that these mice develop a complex pattern of changes in their dentate gyrus with aging. Those include aberrant expression of neuropeptide Y and reduced levels of calbindin, reflecting a profound remodeling of inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the dentate gyrus. Preceding these changes, we identified severe alterations of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Tg2576 mice. We gathered converging data in Tg2576 mice at young age, indicating impaired maturation of new neurons that may compromise their functional integration into hippocampal circuits. Thus, disruption of adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurred before network remodeling in this mouse model and therefore may account as an early event in the etiology of Alzheimer's pathology. Ultimately, both events may constitute key components of hippocampal dysfunction and associated cognitive deficits occurring in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Krezymon
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Richetin
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Halley
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Multi Park, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jean-Michel Lassalle
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Francès
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Université de Toulouse (UPS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
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Heng MY, Lin ST, Verret L, Huang Y, Kamiya S, Padiath QS, Tong Y, Palop JJ, Huang EJ, Ptácχek LJ, Fu YH. Lamin B1 mediates cell-autonomous neuropathology in a leukodystrophy mouse model. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2719-29. [PMID: 23676464 PMCID: PMC3668844 DOI: 10.1172/jci66737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a progressive and fatal neurological disorder characterized by early autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, pyramidal tract and cerebellar dysfunction, and white matter loss in the central nervous system. ADLD is caused by duplication of the LMNB1 gene, which results in increased lamin B1 transcripts and protein expression. How duplication of LMNB1 leads to myelin defects is unknown. To address this question, we developed a mouse model of ADLD that overexpresses lamin B1. These mice exhibited cognitive impairment and epilepsy, followed by age-dependent motor deficits. Selective overexpression of lamin B1 in oligodendrocytes also resulted in marked motor deficits and myelin defects, suggesting these deficits are cell autonomous. Proteomic and genome-wide transcriptome studies indicated that lamin B1 overexpression is associated with downregulation of proteolipid protein, a highly abundant myelin sheath component that was previously linked to another myelin-related disorder, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Furthermore, we found that lamin B1 overexpression leads to reduced occupancy of Yin Yang 1 transcription factor at the promoter region of proteolipid protein. These studies identify a mechanism by which lamin B1 overexpression mediates oligodendrocyte cell-autonomous neuropathology in ADLD and implicate lamin B1 as an important regulator of myelin formation and maintenance during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y. Heng
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Shu-Ting Lin
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Laure Verret
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Sherry Kamiya
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Quasar S. Padiath
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Eric J. Huang
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptácχek
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco,
California, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco,
California, USA. Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco,
California, USA
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Sanchez PE, Zhu L, Verret L, Vossel KA, Orr AG, Cirrito JR, Devidze N, Ho K, Yu GQ, Palop JJ, Mucke L. Levetiracetam suppresses neuronal network dysfunction and reverses synaptic and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2895-903. [PMID: 22869752 PMCID: PMC3479491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the rising prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), new strategies to prevent, halt, and reverse this condition are needed urgently. Perturbations of brain network activity are observed in AD patients and in conditions that increase the risk of developing AD, suggesting that aberrant network activity might contribute to AD-related cognitive decline. Human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice simulate key aspects of AD, including pathologically elevated levels of amyloid-β peptides in brain, aberrant neural network activity, remodeling of hippocampal circuits, synaptic deficits, and behavioral abnormalities. Whether these alterations are linked in a causal chain remains unknown. To explore whether hAPP/amyloid-β-induced aberrant network activity contributes to synaptic and cognitive deficits, we treated hAPP mice with different antiepileptic drugs. Among the drugs tested, only levetiracetam (LEV) effectively reduced abnormal spike activity detected by electroencephalography. Chronic treatment with LEV also reversed hippocampal remodeling, behavioral abnormalities, synaptic dysfunction, and deficits in learning and memory in hAPP mice. Our findings support the hypothesis that aberrant network activity contributes causally to synaptic and cognitive deficits in hAPP mice. LEV might also help ameliorate related abnormalities in people who have or are at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal E. Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Lei Zhu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Laure Verret
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Keith A. Vossel
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Anna G. Orr
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - John R. Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nino Devidze
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
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15
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Verret L, Mann EO, Hang GB, Barth AMI, Cobos I, Ho K, Devidze N, Masliah E, Kreitzer AC, Mody I, Mucke L, Palop JJ. Inhibitory interneuron deficit links altered network activity and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer model. Cell 2012; 149:708-21. [PMID: 22541439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) results in cognitive decline and altered network activity, but the mechanisms are unknown. We studied human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice, which simulate key aspects of AD. Electroencephalographic recordings in hAPP mice revealed spontaneous epileptiform discharges, indicating network hypersynchrony, primarily during reduced gamma oscillatory activity. Because this oscillatory rhythm is generated by inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) cells, network dysfunction in hAPP mice might arise from impaired PV cells. Supporting this hypothesis, hAPP mice and AD patients had decreased levels of the interneuron-specific and PV cell-predominant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit Nav1.1. Restoring Nav1.1 levels in hAPP mice by Nav1.1-BAC expression increased inhibitory synaptic activity and gamma oscillations and reduced hypersynchrony, memory deficits, and premature mortality. We conclude that reduced Nav1.1 levels and PV cell dysfunction critically contribute to abnormalities in oscillatory rhythms, network synchrony, and memory in hAPP mice and possibly in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Sanchez P, Vossel KA, Ho K, Kim DH, Yu G, Verret L, Palop JJ, Mucke L. P3‐463: Reducing epileptiform activity by levetiracetam rescues synaptic and cognitive functions in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sanchez
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Keith A. Vossel
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Daniel H Kim
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Gui‐Qiu Yu
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Laure Verret
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Jorge J Palop
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Lennart Mucke
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States
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Mucke L, Sanchez P, Cisse M, Yu G, Verret L, Palop J. S1‐02‐02: Excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease or network dys function in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Pascal Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Moustapha Cisse
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Gui‐Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Laure Verret
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Jorge Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoCalifornia
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18
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Harris JA, Devidze N, Verret L, Ho K, Halabisky B, Thwin MT, Kim D, Hamto P, Lo I, Yu GQ, Palop JJ, Masliah E, Mucke L. Transsynaptic progression of amyloid-β-induced neuronal dysfunction within the entorhinal-hippocampal network. Neuron 2010; 68:428-41. [PMID: 21040845 PMCID: PMC3050043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the earliest affected, most vulnerable brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in many brain areas. Selective overexpression of mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) predominantly in layer II/III neurons of the EC caused cognitive and behavioral abnormalities characteristic of mouse models with widespread neuronal APP overexpression, including hyperactivity, disinhibition, and spatial learning and memory deficits. APP/Aβ overexpression in the EC elicited abnormalities in synaptic functions and activity-related molecules in the dentate gyrus and CA1 and epileptiform activity in parietal cortex. Soluble Aβ was observed in the dentate gyrus, and Aβ deposits in the hippocampus were localized to perforant pathway terminal fields. Thus, APP/Aβ expression in EC neurons causes transsynaptic deficits that could initiate the cortical-hippocampal network dysfunction in mouse models and human patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Harris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nino Devidze
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laure Verret
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Halabisky
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Myo T. Thwin
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patricia Hamto
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iris Lo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Departments of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Goodman T, Trouche S, Massou I, Verret L, Zerwas M, Roullet P, Rampon C. Young hippocampal neurons are critical for recent and remote spatial memory in adult mice. Neuroscience 2010; 171:769-78. [PMID: 20883747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New granule cells are continuously generated throughout adulthood in the mammalian hippocampus. These newly generated neurons become functionally integrated into existing hippocampal neuronal networks, such as those that support retrieval of remote spatial memory. Here, we sought to examine whether the contribution of newly born neurons depends on the type of learning and memory task in mice. To do so, we reduced neurogenesis with a cytostatic agent and examined whether depletion of young hippocampal neurons affects learning and/or memory in two hippocampal-dependent tasks (spatial navigation in the Morris water maze and object location test) and two hippocampal-independent tasks (cued navigation in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition). Double immunohistofluorescent labeling of the birth dating marker 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) together with NeuN, a neuron specific marker, was employed to quantify reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that depletion of young adult-generated neurons alters recent and remote memory in spatial tasks but spares non-spatial tasks. Our findings provide additional evidence that generation of new cells in the adult brain is crucial for hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Faure A, Verret L, Bozon B, El Tannir El Tayara N, Ly M, Kober F, Dhenain M, Rampon C, Delatour B. Impaired neurogenesis, neuronal loss, and brain functional deficits in the APPxPS1-Ki mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:407-18. [PMID: 19398247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide species accumulating in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease are assumed to have a neurotoxic action and hence to be key actors in the physiopathology of this neurodegenerative disease. We have studied a new mouse mutant (APPxPS1-Ki) line developing both early-onset brain amyloid-β deposition and, in contrast to most of transgenic models, subsequent neuronal loss. In 6-month-old mice, we observed cell layer atrophies in the hippocampus, together with a dramatic decrease in neurogenesis and a reduced brain blood perfusion as measured in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. In these mice, neurological impairments and spatial hippocampal dependent memory deficits were also substantiated and worsened with aging. We described here a phenotype of APPxPS1-Ki mice that summarizes several neuroanatomical alterations and functional deficits evocative of the human pathology. Such a transgenic model that displays strong face validity might be highly beneficial to future research on AD physiopathogeny and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faure
- CNRS, Lab NAMC, UMR8620, Université Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France.
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Lassalle JM, Halley H, Daumas S, Verret L, Francés B. Effects of the genetic background on cognitive performances of TG2576 mice. Behav Brain Res 2008; 191:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Verret L, Trouche S, Zerwas M, Rampon C. Hippocampal neurogenesis during normal and pathological aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007; 32 Suppl 1:S26-30. [PMID: 17629417 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that new neurons continue to be added to the brain throughout life including during normal aging. The finding of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a structure involved in the processing of memories, has favored the idea that newborn neurons might subserve cognitive functions. Recent work on human post-mortem tissues and mice models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has reported persistent hippocampal proliferative capacity during pathological aging. Although it is not yet clear whether neurogenesis leads to the production of fully functional mature neurons in AD brains, these findings open prospects for cell-replacement therapies. Strategies aimed at promoting neurogenesis may also contribute to improve cognitive deficits caused by normal or pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- CNRS UMR 5169, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Verret L, Jankowsky JL, Xu GM, Borchelt DR, Rampon C. Alzheimer's-type amyloidosis in transgenic mice impairs survival of newborn neurons derived from adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2007; 27:6771-80. [PMID: 17581964 PMCID: PMC4439193 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5564-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by severe neuronal loss in several brain regions important for learning and memory. Of the structures affected by AD, the hippocampus is unique in continuing to produce new neurons throughout life. Mounting evidence indicates that hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to the processing and storage of new information and that deficits in the production of new neurons may impair learning and memory. Here, we examine whether the overproduction of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in a mouse model for AD might be detrimental to newborn neurons in the hippocampus. We used transgenic mice overexpressing familial AD variants of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or presenilin-1 to test how the level (moderate or high) and the aggregation state (soluble or deposited) of Abeta impacts the proliferation and survival of new hippocampal neurons. Although proliferation and short-term survival of neural progenitors in the hippocampus was unaffected by APP/Abeta overproduction, survival of newborn cells 4 weeks later was dramatically diminished in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's-type amyloid pathology. Phenotypic analysis of the surviving population revealed a specific reduction in newborn neurons. Our data indicate that overproduction of Abeta and the consequent appearance of amyloid plaques cause an overall reduction in the number of adult-generated hippocampal neurons. Diminished capacity for hippocampal neuron replacement may contribute to the cognitive decline observed in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Joanna L. Jankowsky
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and
| | - Guilian M. Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Luppi PH, Gervasoni D, Verret L, Goutagny R, Peyron C, Salvert D, Leger L, Fort P. Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis: the switch from an aminergic-cholinergic to a GABAergic-glutamatergic hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 100:271-83. [PMID: 17689057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the middle of the last century, Michel Jouvet discovered paradoxical sleep (PS), a sleep phase paradoxically characterized by cortical activation and rapid eye movements and a muscle atonia. Soon after, he showed that it was still present in "pontine cats" in which all structures rostral to the brainstem have been removed. Later on, it was demonstrated that the pontine peri-locus coeruleus alpha (peri-LCalpha in cats, corresponding to the sublaterodorsal nucleus, SLD, in rats) is responsible for PS onset. It was then proposed that the onset and maintenance of PS is due to a reciprocal inhibitory interaction between neurons presumably cholinergic specifically active during PS localized in this region and monoaminergic neurons. In the last decade, we have tested this hypothesis with our model of head-restrained rats and functional neuroanatomical studies. Our results confirmed that the SLD in rats contains the neurons responsible for the onset and maintenance of PS. They further indicate that (1) these neurons are non-cholinergic possibly glutamatergic neurons, (2) they directly project to the glycinergic premotoneurons localized in the medullary ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiV), (3) the main neurotransmitter responsible for their inhibition during waking (W) and slow wave sleep (SWS) is GABA rather than monoamines, (4) they are constantly and tonically excited by glutamate and (5) the GABAergic neurons responsible for their tonic inhibition during W and SWS are localized in the deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus (DPMe). We also showed that the tonic inhibition of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic and dorsal raphe (DRN) serotonergic neurons during sleep is due to a tonic GABAergic inhibition by neurons localized in the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPGi) and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). We propose that these GABAergic neurons also inhibit the GABAergic neurons of the DPMe at the onset and during PS and are therefore responsible for the onset and maintenance of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR5167 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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Verret L, Fort P, Gervasoni D, Léger L, Luppi PH. Localization of the neurons active during paradoxical (REM) sleep and projecting to the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2006; 495:573-86. [PMID: 16498678 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons are active during wakefulness, slow their discharge rate during slow wave sleep, and stop firing during paradoxical sleep (PS). A large body of data indicates that their inactivation during PS is due to a tonic GABAergic inhibition. To localize the neurons responsible for such inhibition, we first examined the distribution of retrogradely and Fos double-immunostained neurons following cholera toxin b subunit (CTb) injection in the LC of control rats, rats selectively deprived of PS for 3 days, and rats allowed to recover for 3 hours from such deprivation. We found a significant number of CTb/Fos double-labeled cells only in the recovery group. The largest number of CTb/Fos double-labeled cells was found in the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPGi). It indeed contained 19% of the CTb/Fos double-labeled neurons, whereas the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) contained 18.3% of these neurons, the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (LPGi) 15%, the lateral hypothalamic area 9%, the lateral PAG 6.7%, and the rostral PAG 6%. In addition, CTb/Fos double-labeled cells constituted 43% of all the singly CTb-labeled cells counted in the DPGi compared with 29% for the LPGi, 18% for the rostral PAG, and 10% or less for the other structures. Although all these populations of CTb/Fos double-labeled neurons could be GABAergic and tonically inhibit LC neurons during PS, our results indicate that neurons from the DPGi constitute the best candidate for this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR19), Lyon F-69372, France
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Verret L, Léger L, Fort P, Luppi PH. Cholinergic and noncholinergic brainstem neurons expressing Fos after paradoxical (REM) sleep deprivation and recovery. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21:2488-504. [PMID: 15932606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that populations of neurons responsible for the onset and maintenance of paradoxical sleep (PS) are restricted to the brainstem. To localize the structures involved and to reexamine the role of mesopontine cholinergic neurons, we compared the distribution of Fos- and choline acetyltransferase-labelled neurons in the brainstem of control rats, rats selectively deprived of PS for approximately 72 h and rats allowed to recover from such deprivation. Only a few cholinergic neurons from the laterodorsal (LDTg) and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei were Fos-labelled after PS recovery. In contrast, a large number of noncholinergic Fos-labelled cells positively correlated with the percentage of time spent in PS was observed in the LDTg, sublaterodorsal, alpha and ventral gigantocellular reticular nuclei, structures known to contain neurons specifically active during PS. In addition, a large number of Fos-labelled cells were seen after PS rebound in the lateral, ventrolateral and dorsal periaqueductal grey, dorsal and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei and the nucleus raphe obscurus. Interestingly, half of the cells in the latter nucleus were immunoreactive to choline acetyltransferase. In contrast to the well-accepted hypothesis, our results strongly suggest that neurons active during PS, recorded in the mesopontine cholinergic nuclei, are in the great majority noncholinergic. Our findings further demonstrate that many brainstem structures not previously identified as containing neurons active during PS contain cholinergic or noncholinergic neurons active during PS, and these structures may therefore play a key role during this state. Altogether, our results open a new avenue of research to identify the specific role of the populations of neurons revealed, their interrelations and their neurochemical identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- CNRS UMR 5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, 7, rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Goutagny R, Verret L, Fort P, Salvert D, Léger L, Luppi PH, Peyron C. Posterior hypothalamus and regulation of vigilance states. Arch Ital Biol 2004; 142:487-500. [PMID: 15493550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Goutagny
- CNRS UMR 5167, Institut fédératif des neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Cedex 08 France
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Luppi PH, Gervasoni D, Boissard R, Verret L, Goutagny R, Peyron C, Salvert D, Leger L, Barbagli B, Fort P. Brainstem structures responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance. Arch Ital Biol 2004; 142:397-411. [PMID: 15493544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to our mentor, Michel Jouvet who inspired our career and transmitted to us his passion for the study of the mechanisms responsible for paradoxical sleep genesis and also that of its still mysterious functions. We expose in the following the progresses in the knowledge in this field brought during 40 years by Michel Jouvet and his team and more recently by the members of a new CNRS laboratory in which we aim to pursue in the path opened by Michel Jouvet.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Luppi
- UMR5167 CNRS, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, Cedex 08, France.
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Verret L, Goutagny R, Fort P, Cagnon L, Salvert D, Léger L, Boissard R, Salin P, Peyron C, Luppi PH. A role of melanin-concentrating hormone producing neurons in the central regulation of paradoxical sleep. BMC Neurosci 2003; 4:19. [PMID: 12964948 PMCID: PMC201018 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-4-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidergic neurons containing the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and the hypocretins (or orexins) are intermingled in the zona incerta, perifornical nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Both types of neurons have been implicated in the integrated regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight. Hypocretin neurons have also been involved in sleep-wake regulation and narcolepsy. We therefore sought to determine whether hypocretin and MCH neurons express Fos in association with enhanced paradoxical sleep (PS or REM sleep) during the rebound following PS deprivation. Next, we compared the effect of MCH and NaCl intracerebroventricular (ICV) administrations on sleep stage quantities to further determine whether MCH neurons play an active role in PS regulation. RESULTS Here we show that the MCH but not the hypocretin neurons are strongly active during PS, evidenced through combined hypocretin, MCH, and Fos immunostainings in three groups of rats (PS Control, PS Deprived and PS Recovery rats). Further, we show that ICV administration of MCH induces a dose-dependent increase in PS (up to 200%) and slow wave sleep (up to 70%) quantities. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MCH is a powerful hypnogenic factor. MCH neurons might play a key role in the state of PS via their widespread projections in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Verret
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Romain Goutagny
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Patrice Fort
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Laurène Cagnon
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Denise Salvert
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Lucienne Léger
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Romuald Boissard
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Paul Salin
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Christelle Peyron
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- CNRS UMR5167, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 LYON Cedex 08, FRANCE
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Ducharme MP, Verret L, Brouillette D, Sirois G. Ability of a first-pass pharmacokinetic model to characterize cyclosporine blood concentrations after administrations of Sandimmune or Neoral formulations. Ther Drug Monit 1998; 20:165-71. [PMID: 9558130 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199804000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most recent cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have focused on noncompartmental analysis. Because CsA undergoes significant first-pass elimination after oral dosing, the most appropriate compartment model may need to take this process into account for the construction of a valid population PK model for Sandimmune (SAN) and Neoral (NEO) formulations. Twenty patients with cardiac transplants were stabilized for at least 4 weeks on a certain dose of SAN, then changed to the same daily dose of NEO. Blood samples were obtained at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 hours after dosing at steady state. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using ADAPT II. Quality of fit was assessed by visual graph inspections, R2 values, and Akaike criterion test. Eight pharmacokinetic models were constructed and evaluated. These included one- and two-compartment with and without a first-pass effect and a time-lag. Neoral and SAN data were consistently best fitted using a two-compartment or the two-compartment first-pass model. However, a time-lag process was found to be necessary for SAN. The use of a two-compartment first-pass with (SAN) or without (NEO) a time-lag process appears to fit CsA concentrations at least as well as a two-compartment model. This first-pass model may be very useful for population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ducharme
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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