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Sherr JL, Schoelwer M, Dos Santos TJ, Reddy L, Biester T, Galderisi A, van Dyk JC, Hilliard ME, Berget C, DiMeglio LA. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes technologies: Insulin delivery. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1406-1431. [PMID: 36468192 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sherr
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melissa Schoelwer
- Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Leenatha Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Torben Biester
- AUF DER BULT, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alfonso Galderisi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cari Berget
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Odun-Ayo F, Chetty K, Reddy L. Determination of the ursolic and oleanolic acids content with the antioxidant capacity in apple peel extract of various cultivars. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e258442. [PMID: 35766779 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.258442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are rich sources of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) which are the major and most prominent triterpenes in the peel of an apple. Pentacyclic triterpenes are ideal nutraceuticals due to their ability to reduce the risk of many life-threatening diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and diabetes. This study was to determine the content of UA and OA in the apple peel extract from different cultivars grown in South Africa as well as the correlation of their content level with antioxidant capacity. Quantitative analysis of UA and OA in apple peels from three cultivars; red delicious (RD), royal gala (RG) and granny smith (GS) apples was carried out using HPLC and their antioxidant capacity was analyzed using the DPPH assay. The RD showed the highest content of UA and OA (248.02 ± 0.08 µg/ml and 110.00 ± 0.08 µg/ml respectively) in the apple peel extract and also displayed a significantly high level of antioxidant capacity (97.3 ± 0.40%; p < 0.0001) compared to the RG and GS cultivars. A strong positive correlation was noted between the UA, OA and antioxidant capacities of all the cultivars. Only the RD cultivar showed a significant correlation though; UA (r = 0.9570; p = 0.0027) and OA (r = 0.8503; p = 0.0319). This study demonstrated that the RD and RG apple peels possess the highest UA and OA content which invariably increases their antioxidant activities compared to GS apple. Thus, both apple cultivars would be useful and recommended for food consumption and nutraceuticals values to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Odun-Ayo
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology - CPUT, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - K Chetty
- Durban University of Technology - DUT, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - L Reddy
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology - CPUT, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Morebodi KB, Reddy L, Letswalo MLA, Balakrishna A, Erasmus LJB, Swart HC, Masiteng PL. Synthesis and investigation of energy transfer mechanism in Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ doped Na 6Mg(SO 4) 4 nanophosphors via solution combustion technique. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Morebodi
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L. Reddy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. L. A. Letswalo
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A. Balakrishna
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L. J. B. Erasmus
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H. C. Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - P. L. Masiteng
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Gouthamchand V, K G, Subramanian R, Choudhury A, Wee L, Dekker A, Sinha S, Ghosh Laskar S, Reddy L. PO-1062 Privacy-preserving dashboard for clinical data using open-source federated learning infrastructure. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Padayachee B, Odun-Ayo F, Reddy L. Apoptotic effect of Bulbine Natalensis and Chlorophytum Comosum in myelogenous Leukemia K562 cell line. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e251336. [PMID: 34932629 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.251336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulbine natalensis and Chorophytum comosum are potential medicinal source for the treatment of cancers. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a hematopoietic stem cells disorder treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors but often cause recurrence of the leukaemia after cessation of therapy, hence require alternative treatment. This study determines the anti-cancer effect of leaf, root and bulb methanolic and aqueous extracts of B. natalensis and C. comosum in chronic human myelogenous leukaemia (K562) cell line by MTT, Hoechst bis-benzimide nuclear and annexin V stain assays. The root methanolic extract of B. natalensis and C. comosum showed a high cytotoxicity of 8.6% and 16.7% respectively on the K562 cell line at 1,000 μg/ml concentration. Morphological loss of cell membrane integrity causing degradation of the cell and fragmentation were observed in the root methanolic extract of both plants. A high apoptosis (p < 0.0001) was induced in the K562 cells by both leaf and root extracts of the C. comosum compared to the B. natalensis. This study shows both plants possess apoptotic effect against in vitro myelogenous leukaemia which contributes to the overall anti-cancer properties of B. natalensis and C. comosum to justify future therapeutic applications against chronic myelogenous leukaemia blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Padayachee
- Durban University of Technology - DUT, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - F Odun-Ayo
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology - CPUT, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, District Six Campus, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - L Reddy
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology - CPUT, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, District Six Campus, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Lingappa L, Konanki R, Varma R, Shah N, Raju S, Sura S, Reddy L, Rani S. Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal: A Rare Cause for Recurrent Meningitis in Pediatric Population. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 23:545-548. [PMID: 33223676 PMCID: PMC7657271 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_411_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 5-year-old girl who had six episodes of meningitis. She also had panhypopituitarism and was found to have a persistent craniopharyngeal canal (CPC) as the cause of her recurrent meningitis. Role of neuroradiology and a high index of suspicion by the clinical team are highlighted here. Persistent CPC is a rare cause of recurrent meningitis. We discuss the approach to the child with recurrent meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramesh Konanki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Varma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Citi Neuro Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikit Shah
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subodh Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sukumar Sura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Leenatha Reddy
- Department of Endocrinology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sirisha Rani
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Balakrishna A, Reddy L, Ntwaeaborwa O, Swart H. Remarkable influence of alkaline earth ions on the enhancement of fluorescence from Eu3+ ion doped in sodium ortho-phosphate phosphors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Reddy C, Reddy L, Reddy P. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with Alkynoic Acids: A Simple Route for the Preparation of 2-Alkynylated 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University
| | - L. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University
| | - P. Reddy
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
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Hauck J, Osho A, Castleberry A, Hartwig M, Reddy L, Phillips-Bute B, Swaminathan M, Mathew J, Stafford-Smith M. Acute kidney injury after ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP). Transplant Proc 2014; 46:3598-602. [PMID: 25498096 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) identifies viability for marginal organs but complicates and lengthens lung transplantation surgery. Preliminary evidence supports equivalency for EVLP-assisted versus traditional (non-EVLP) procedures regarding graft function, postoperative course, mortality, and survival. However, acute kidney injury (AKI), a common serious complication of lung transplantation, has not been assessed. We tested the hypothesis that EVLP-assisted and non-EVLP lung transplantations are associated with different AKI rates. METHODS Demographic, procedural, and renal data were gathered for 13 EVLP-viable lung transplantations and a non-EVLP group matched 4:1 for single versus double, pulmonary disease, and age. AKI was defined by AKI Network (AKIN) criteria and peak creatinine rise relative to baseline (Δ%Cr) during the 1st 10 postoperative days. Chi-square was performed for AKIN and 2-tailed t test for %ΔCr. RESULTS Patient and procedural characteristics were similar between the groups. One non-EVLP patient required postoperative dialysis. AKI rates were also similar, as assessed by both AKIN (EVLP 7/13 (54%) vs non-EVLP 32/52 (62%); P = .61) and %ΔCr (EVLP 91 ± 81% vs non-EVLP 72 ± 62%; P = .63). CONCLUSIONS We did not observe different AKI rates between EVLP-assisted and traditional lung transplant procedures. Although 1 non-EVLP patient required dialysis, AKI rates were otherwise similar. These findings further support EVLP as a strategy to expand the organ pool and reduce concerns for high-renal risk recipients. The small sample size and retrospective design are limitations. However, our sample size is similar to other reports, and it is the first to analyze AKI after EVLP-assisted lung transplantation. Larger multicenter prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hauck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - A Osho
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - A Castleberry
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Hartwig
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - L Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - B Phillips-Bute
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Swaminathan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - J Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Stafford-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Senoussi M, Berry I, VanRullen R, Reddy L. Object Representations in Human Visual Cortex are Flexible: an Associative Learning study. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sani N, Jatau E, Olonitola S, Gwarzo M, Reddy L, Pravi M. Changes in CD4, CD3, CD8 counts and viral load among female sex workers receiving ART in NW Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Reddy N, Reddy L, Reddy T, Mohan R, Lingappa Y. One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Novel 4-Phenyl-2-[3-(alkynyl/alkenyl/aryl)phenyl]pyrimidine Libraries via Michael Addition, Cyclization, and C–C Coupling Reactions: A New MCR Strategy. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1316814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Yogi Vemana University
| | - L. Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University
| | - T. Reddy
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited
| | - Reddy Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Yogi Vemana University
| | - Y. Lingappa
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University
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Poncet M, Reddy L, Fabre-Thorpe M. Presentation time does not affect superordinate-level advantage in ultra-rapid categorization. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Poncet M, Reddy L, Fabre-Thorpe M. A need for more information uptake but not focused attention to access basic-level representations. J Vis 2012; 12:15. [DOI: 10.1167/12.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Poncet M, Reddy L, Fabre-Thorpe M. Basic-level object categorization of natural scenes in the near-absence of focal attention. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Serre T, Reddy L, Tsuchyia N, Poggio T, Fabre-Thorpe M, Koch C. Reading the mind's eye: Decoding object information during mental imagery from fMRI patterns. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Reddy L, VanRullen R, Kanwisher N. Attention and biased competition in multi-voxel object representations. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Baker C, Williams M, Reddy L, Wald L, Wiggins G, Dickerson B, Triantafyllou C, Kanwisher N. Fine-grained analysis of functional selectivity in human occipitotemporal cortex. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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VanRullen R, Reddy L, Fei F, Perona P, Koch C. A neural framework for visual attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reddy L, Reddy L, Perona P, Koch C. Face identification in the near-absence of spatial attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reddy L, Wilken PC, Koch C. Face-gender discrimination is possible in the near-absence of attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reddy L, Kanwisher N. Category selectivity in the ventral visual pathway confers robustness to clutter and diverted attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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VanRullen R, Reddy L, Koch C. Attention-dependent discrete sampling of motion perception. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reddy L, Wilken P, Quian-Quiroga R, Koch C, Fried I. Single neuron correlates of change blindness in the human medial temporal lobe. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Reddy L, VanRullen R, Koch C. Pop-out and preattentive processing are not equivalent: Taking apart a common assumption about visual attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Birkhahn R, Puthottile J, Datillo P, Briggs W, Parekh A, Arkun A, Reddy L, Gaeta T. 375: Using a Rapid Cardiac Disposition Protocol to Improve Patient Flow. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
We investigated the representation of visual inputs by multiple simultaneously recorded single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe, using their firing rates to infer which images were shown to subjects. The selectivity of these neurons was quantified with a novel measure. About four spikes per neuron, triggered between 300 and 600 ms after image onset in a handful of units (7.8 on average), predicted the identity of images far above chance. Decoding performance increased linearly with the number of units considered, peaked between 400 and 500 ms, did not improve when considering correlations among simultaneously recorded units, and generalized to very different images. The feasibility of decoding sensory information from human extracellular recordings has implications for the development of brain–machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quian Quiroga
- Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ireland's health services are undergoing dramatic reorganisation. The establishment of general practitioner (GP) out of hours cooperatives and the integration of current ambulance services into a national ambulance service are among the issues that will impact on prehospital care of emergencies. The study aimed to explore the perceptions of GPs and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) of their own and each other's roles in the context of such reforms. METHODS A census of all GPs (511) and EMTs (301) in three of Ireland's eight health board regions was undertaken. A questionnaire containing 31 statements asked respondents to indicate their agreement (or lack of it) in areas such as general relationships, care, and training, roles in emergencies and future developments. RESULTS Of the personnel contacted, 72% of GPs and 75% of EMTs responded. They report excellent working relationships, agree that the ambulance service is of high quality, and that GPs are willing to provide care in emergencies. However, working links are less satisfactory for EMTs, who report a far higher perception of GP use of emergency ambulances than reported by GPs. Both groups are interested in innovative future links. DISCUSSION Convergence between the professional groups in different geographic areas and between the disciplines across the areas is striking. They include areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The need for improved liaison between the disciplines is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bury
- Centre for Immediate Care Services, School of Medicine, UCD, Coombe Healthcare Centre, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Quiroga RQ, Reddy L, Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I. Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain. Nature 2005; 435:1102-7. [PMID: 15973409 DOI: 10.1038/nature03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It takes a fraction of a second to recognize a person or an object even when seen under strikingly different conditions. How such a robust, high-level representation is achieved by neurons in the human brain is still unclear. In monkeys, neurons in the upper stages of the ventral visual pathway respond to complex images such as faces and objects and show some degree of invariance to metric properties such as the stimulus size, position and viewing angle. We have previously shown that neurons in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) fire selectively to images of faces, animals, objects or scenes. Here we report on a remarkable subset of MTL neurons that are selectively activated by strikingly different pictures of given individuals, landmarks or objects and in some cases even by letter strings with their names. These results suggest an invariant, sparse and explicit code, which might be important in the transformation of complex visual percepts into long-term and more abstract memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quian Quiroga
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
The control of cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide, may benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The primary carcinogens stem from a variety of agricultural, industrial, and dietary factors. Conventional therapies cause serious side effects and, at best, merely extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. There is thus the need to utilise alternative concepts or approaches to the prevention of cancer. This review focuses on the many natural products that have been implicated in cancer prevention and that promote human health without recognisable side effects. These molecules originate from vegetables, fruits, plant extracts, and herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Durban Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moodley
- MRC/UN Pregnancy Hypertension Research Unit and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Natal Medical School, Durban, South Africa.
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Reddy L, Wang HS, Keese CR, Giaever I, Smith TJ. Assessment of rapid morphological changes associated with elevated cAMP levels in human orbital fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1998; 245:360-7. [PMID: 9851877 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Orbital fibroblasts exhibit a phenotype distinct from that of other types of fibroblasts. Addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to culture medium elicits a dramatic change in orbital fibroblast morphology. That response is mediated through the generation of cAMP. Orbital fibroblasts can generate high levels of PGE2 through induction by proinflammatory cytokines of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 (PGHS-2). Here we compare the influence on fibroblast morphology of exogenous PGE2, forskolin, and 8-br-cAMP to that mediated through PGHS-2 induction by a lymphocyte-derived cytokine. Within a few hours, orbital fibroblasts treated with any of these test compounds appear under phase-contrast microscopy to exhibit a stellate morphology. When these changes were assessed quantitatively by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), it became evident that 8-br-cAMP, forskolin, and PGE2 initiated shape changes within 30 min of addition to the culture medium, while effects of the cytokine were first evident after approximately 3.5 h. Dermal fibroblasts failed to respond to any of these compounds with regard to changes in cellular morphology. Analysis of micromotion, manifested as small impedance fluctuations, revealed that orbital fibroblasts treated with 8-br-cAMP exhibit less motion than did untreated cells. These results suggest that orbital fibroblast shape can be altered by several compounds known to alter intracellular cAMP levels. They demonstrate the utility of ECIS in the assessment of very rapid and dynamic cellular events associated with changes in cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reddy
- School of Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Applied BioPhysics, Inc., Troy, New York, 12180, USA
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37
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Muccio DD, Brouillette WJ, Breitman TR, Taimi M, Emanuel PD, Zhang X, Chen G, Sani BP, Venepally P, Reddy L, Alam M, Simpson-Herren L, Hill DL. Conformationally defined retinoic acid analogues. 4. Potential new agents for acute promyelocytic and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1679-87. [PMID: 9572893 DOI: 10.1021/jm970635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently synthesized several conformationally constrained retinoic acid (RA) analogues [8-(2'-cyclohexen-1'-ylidene)-3, 7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic acids with different alkyl substituents at 2' (R1) and 3' (R2) positions on the cyclohexene ring] (Muccio et al. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3625) as cancer chemopreventive agents. UAB8 (R1 = Et; R2 = iPr), which contains sufficient steric bulk at the terminal end of the polyene chain to mimic the trimethylcyclohexenyl ring of RA, displayed biological properties similar to those of RA. To explore the efficacy of this retinoid in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), we evaluated UAB8 isomers in in vitro assays which measure the capacity of retinoids to inhibit aberrant myeloid colony growth from blood or bone marrow cells obtained from human JMML patients and in assays measuring the potential of retinoids to differentiate NB4 cells (an APL cell line). Both (all-E)- and (13Z)-UAB8 were 2-fold more active than RA in the NB4 cell differentiation assay; however, only (all-E)-UAB8 had comparable activity to the natural retinoids in the JMML cell assays. These results were compared to the biological effectiveness of a new retinoid, UAB30 [8-(3', 4'-dihydro-1'(2'H)-naphthalen-1'-ylidene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4, 6-octatrienoic acid], which had different nuclear receptor binding and transactivational properties than UAB8. Relative to (all-E)-RA and (all-E)-UAB8, (all-E)-UAB30 bound well to RARalpha but did not activate transcription-mediated RARalpha homodimers, even though it was effective in RARbeta- and RARgamma-mediated transactivational assays. In APL assays, this retinoid had much reduced activity and was only moderately effective in JMML assays and in cancer chemoprevention assays.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Chickens
- Child
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemical synthesis
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/prevention & control
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/prevention & control
- Mice
- Molecular Conformation
- Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis
- Naphthalenes/chemistry
- Naphthalenes/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Papilloma/prevention & control
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Stereoisomerism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives
- Tretinoin/chemistry
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Muccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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38
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Muccio DD, Brouillette WJ, Alam M, Vaezi MF, Sani BP, Venepally P, Reddy L, Li E, Norris AW, Simpson-Herren L, Hill DL. Conformationally defined 6-s-trans-retinoic acid analogs. 3. Structure-activity relationships for nuclear receptor binding, transcriptional activity, and cancer chemopreventive activity. J Med Chem 1996; 39:3625-35. [PMID: 8809153 DOI: 10.1021/jm9603126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that conformationally defined 6-s-trans-retinoic acid (RA) analogs were effective in the prevention of skin papillomas (Vaezi et al. J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 4499-4507) and selective agonists for nuclear receptor binding and activation (Alam et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 2302-2310). In order to probe important structure-activity relationships, we evaluated a homologous series of four 6-s-trans-retinoids that are 8-(2'-cyclohexen-1'-ylidene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic acids with different substituents at 2' (R2) and 3' (R1) positions on the cyclohexene ring. UAB1 (R1 = R2 = H), UAB4 (R1 = R2 = Me), UAB7 (R1 = Me, R2 = iPr), and UAB8 (R1 = Et, R2 = iPr) contain alkyl R groups that mimic, to different extents, portions of the trimethylcyclohexenyl ring of RA. Both 9Z- and all-E-isomers of these retinoids were evaluated in binding assays for cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABP-I and CRABP-II), a nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha), and a nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR alpha). The all-E-isomers of UAB retinoids bound tightly to CRABPs and RAR alpha, the binding affinity of the all-E-isomer increased systematically from UAB1 to UAB8, and binding for the latter was comparable to that of all-E-RA. In contrast to RA, the (9Z)-UAB retinoids were at least 200-fold less active than the all-E-isomers in binding to RAR alpha. The (9Z)-UAB isomers exhibited increasingly stronger binding to RXR alpha, and (9Z)-UAB8 was nearly as effective as (9Z)-RA in binding affinity. The retinoids were also evaluated in gene expression assays mediated by RAR alpha and RXR alpha homodimers or RAR alpha/RXR alpha heterodimers. Consistent with the binding affinities, the (all-E)-UAB retinoids activated gene transciption mediated by RAR alpha homodimers or RAR alpha/RXR alpha heterodimers, while the (9Z)-UAB isomers activated only the RXR alpha homodimer-mediated transcription. The all-E- and 9Z-isomers of the UAB retinoids were further evaluated for their capacity to prevent the induction of mouse skin papillomas. When compared to RA, only the (all-E)-UAB retinoids containing bulky R1 and R2 groups were effective in this chemoprevention assay. (9Z)-RA displayed equal capacity as RA to prevent papillomas, while the 9Z-isomers of the UAB retinoids were much less effective. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the cyclohexenyl ring substituents of 6-s-trans-UAB retinoids are important for their biological activities and that the chemopreventive effect of the all-E-isomers of these retinoids correlates well with their capacity to bind to RARs and activate RAR/RXR-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Muccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA
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39
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Chopra DP, Reddy L, Gupta SK, Wan L, Mathieu PA, Shoemaker RL, Rhim JS. Differentiation of immortalized epithelial cells derived from cystic fibrosis airway submucosal glands. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1994; 30A:539-46. [PMID: 7527286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) involves abnormalities in mucus production and secretion of the airway. Studies of the regulation of airway mucin production and secretion has been difficult due to the lack of in vitro models of the airway epithelial cells which express functional differentiation. Because the majority of the mucin in the airway is apparently produced by the submucosal glands, we have focused our attention on the development of cell culture models of human airway submucosal glands. This report describes the propagation of CF airway submucosal gland epithelial cells which continue to express mucin production. The CF bronchus was obtained from a 31-yr-old patient who received a double lung transplant. The glands were dissected out and primary cultures prepared by the explant/outgrowth procedure. The cells were immortalized by infection with Ad12-SV40 hybrid virus. The cultures are maintained in serum-free keratinocyte basal medium supplemented with insulin (5 micrograms/ml), hydrocortisone (0.5 microgram/ml), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml), bovine pituitary extract (25 micrograms/ml), and antibiotics. Cultures were passaged using 0.125% trypsin in Ca+2 and Mg(+2)-free Hanks', balanced salt solution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that the cells were homozygous for the delta F508 mutation. Morphologic observations showed that the cells were epithelial and were interconnected by sparsely distributed desmosomes. Their cytoplasm contained secretory-type structures including abundant Golgi, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles. Immunofluorescent studies determined that all cells were positive for cytokeratins, mucin glycoconjugates, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. The cultures secreted substantial amounts of mucin glycoproteins and expressed the MUC-2 mucin gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Chopra
- Institute of Chemical Toxicology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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40
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Tutela RR, Reddy L, LoVerme SR. Fournier's disease. J Med Soc N J 1976; 73:778-9. [PMID: 1067450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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